SNI 2002, Section 9

SNI 2015, Section E

Civil Engineering Department

Petra Christian University

1
COLLAPSE
Ideal coupon containing

Average stress P/Agross

no residual stress 1
CRUSHING fy
3 Maximum
residual Shaded portion
2 indicates area
P compressive
stress 2
fp 1 which has
Members with achieved
L residual stress a stress fy
 3
Average compressive strain

LOCAL BUCKLING OVERALL BUCKLING

P P P P

L L L L

2
EFFECTIVE LENGTH

N N N

Lk = k . L

Lk Lk Lk Where :
Lk = effective length
k = effective length factor
L = length member
N N N

k=1 k = 0.7 k = 0.5

3
INFLUENCE OF END RESTRAIN N N N

Lk Lk Lk
100

N N N
80
At load N = 40 Newton
Axial Load N, Newton

L1 158
60 = = 0.7
L2 228
L1 158
40 = = 0.5
L3 318
3 Euler :
20
2
2 EI
1 Ncr =
318
Lk2
0 158 228
100 200 300 400 500

Member length L, mm 4
SLENDERNESS RATIO
Where :
 = slenderness ratio
Lk I Lk = effective length
 = ; r =
r A r = radius of gyration
I = moment of inertia
 << short column (stocky) A = cross-sectional area
 >> long column (slender)

f
Tension members & Short column
Slender column with  >
Slender column with  >>
Slender column with  >>>


 The larger the slenderness ratio (  >>) the smaller the axial capacity will be ( f << )
5
SLENDERNESS RATIO LIMIT : g
 g is slenderness ratio limit where Euler’s relationship does not applied.
 column in inelastic behavior

 Euler’s relationship only applied in elastic region where :

2 EI
Ncr =
Lk2
L 2 EA
 = k atau Lk2 = 2 . r2 Ncr = 2
r 
I = r2 . A

Ncr 2 E  =  E
fcr = =
A 2 fcr

6
If  is equal to g than : fcr = fy thus : g =  E
fy

Due to the presence of residual stress, the stress become : 0.7 fy

g =  E
0.7fy

For BJ 37 which has fy = 240 MPa with E = 2,1 . 105 MPa

210000
g =  = 111
0.7 x 240

For the other grade of steel , the value of g as follows :

Grade fy (MPa) g
BJ 21 200 122
BJ 37 240 111
BJ 42 260 107
BJ 52 360 91 7
CECM GRAPHIC for Fe 360 (BJ 37)

f CECM Graphic
kg/cm2
Euler’s relationship, which never reached
2500
by column because of material defect and
initial crookedness
2000
Euler
1500 1.67

1000

500

Lk
= r
20 40 80 g = 111 160 200

8
STRENGTH OF PLATES UNDER UNIFORM EDGE COMPRESSION

 All column sections whether rolled shapes or built-up sections are

composed of plate elements.
 Column buckling is based on the slenderness ratio of each plate
elements.
Simple
support a k 2 E
fcr =
7.0 12 (1-2) (b/t)2
b 2
6.0 1 a b
k = +m
k m b a
5.0
Where :
4.0 E = modulus of elasticity
m=1 m=2 m=3 m=4
 = poisson’s ratio
3.0 t = plate thickness
0 1 2 3 4
m = a/b 9
ELASTIC BUCKLING COEFFICIENT FOR COMPRESSION IN PLATES
16
fixed fixed
A B
14 fixed fixed
s.s fixed
C D
12 s.s a free Type of
Buckling coefficient, k

s.s
support
E b
10 free along
Loaded edges fixed
unloaded
Loaded edges simply supported
8 edges

kmin = 6.97
A
6
kmin = 5.42 B
4 C
kmin = 4.00

2
kmin = 1.277
D
E
0 1 2 3 4 5 10
kmin = 0.425
Aspect ratio, a/b
STIFFENED AND UNSTIFFENED COMPRESSION ELEMENTS

b
b
t b
t

t b
t

Elements supported along two edges (stiffened elements)

t t
b b
b t t

Elements supported along one edges (unstiffened elements) 11

WIDTH / THICKNESS LIMITS r TO ACHIEVE YIELD STRESS
WITHOUT LOCAL BUCKLING

COLUMN CAPACITY would be depend on the strength of :

1. Component elements :
a. Flange
b. Web
2. Overall Column as a structure

Then the PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT WOULD BE :

fcr fcr
component
element,  overall
column
e.e., plate
12
WIDTH / THICKNESS LIMITS r TO ACHIEVE YIELD STRESS
WITHOUT LOCAL BUCKLING (Cont.)
It is known that for :
LOW b/t strain hardening is achieved without
buckling occurring
MEDIUM b/t residual stress and imperfections give rise
to inelastic buckling
LARGE b/t buckling occurs in accordance with the
t equation :
k 2 E
fcr =
b 12 (1 - ) (b/t)2
Design limits are generally simplified to assure the compression
element will reach yield stress fy without local buckling occurring.
The width/thickness (b/t) ratios  to prevent local buckling until
the yield stress is reached are the r values (table 7.5-1 SNI 2002)
13
LRFD of AXIAL COMPRESSION MEMBER
Based on SNI - Section 9

A. For Compression Member with sec < 200 & el < r
Where :
 = width/thickness ratio of compression elements = b/t
Nu  n Nn r = width/thickness limits (table 7.5-1) SNI
Nu = factored compression load
n = reduction factor = 0.85 (table 6.4-2)
Nn = nominal compression strength which determined based
on SNI 2002 section 7.6.2 & 9.2
b
b b b
t b
t

t hc t
h tw h h h
hc b

14
 NOMINAL STRENGTH OF COLUMN
Based on SNI 2002, sec. 7.6.2
f (=1)
(MPa)
1,43
(  = 1,6 - 0.67  )
c
240

200 Euler 2 E
=
1.67 1.67c2
fy
150
(  = 1.25 c2) c 2 =
134 fcr (Euler)
100
Lk fy
c =  r E
50
Sec. 7.6.1

0.25 1.00 1.2 2.00 c

(g = 111)
15
LRFD of AXIAL COMPRESSION MEMBER (Cont.)
fy
Nn = Ag . fcr = Ag .


for c  0.25 ; =1

1.43
for 0.25 < c < 1.2 ;  =
1.6 - 0.67 c
for c  1.2 ;  = 1.25 c2

L fy Where :
c = k Lk = effective length of column
r E
kc = effective length factor (fig. 7.6-1 or
nomogram 7.6-2 SNI 2002)
Lk = kc . L L = actual unbraced length of column

16
B. Double Angle or Tee (with Torsion) as Compression Member
with  < r

Nu  n Nnlt sec. 9.2 - SNI

Where :  = width/thickness ratio = b/t

r = width/thickness limits ratio (table 7.5-1)
n = reduction factor (table 6.4-2)
Nnlt = Ag . fclt
fcry + fcrz 4 fcry . fcrz . H
fclt = 2H 1- 1- and
(fcry + fcrz)2
G.J
fcrz = A.r 2 G = shear modulus = 0.81 . 105 MPa
0 J = constant of torsion = 23 - b.ts3
r0 = polair radius of gyration to shear center
Ix + Iy x02 + y02
r0 2 = A + x02 + y02 H = 1 -
r02
x0, y0 = coordinate of shear center to center of gravity
x0 = 0 for double angle, and Tee section (axis Y = symmetric axis) 17
EXAMPLE 1 :

Calculate the maximum axial force that could be

supported by section WF 450.300.10.15 as column.
Using steel grade BJ 37. Assumed that column has
3.50 m
the same effective length in x and y axis.
ANSWER :
Properties of WF 450.300.10.15 :
Ag = 13500 mm² ; rx = 186 mm ; ry = 70,4 mm

For fixed - simple supported end, using k = 0,8 (SNI - Fig. 7.6-1),
therefore the effective length is :
Lk = k . L = 0,8 . 3500 = 2800 mm

18
 Lky
y = = 2800 = 39.77 y > x, ; it means that buckling
ry 70.4
Lkx 2800 occur in y axis (y axis = weak axis)
x = r = = 15.05 And < 200  OK
x 186
Lk fy 39,77 240
c = = = 0.44
 ry E  200000
Checking for the slenderness of component section :
• Flange (table 7.5-1 for unstiffened element) :
b 0.5 . 299
 = = = 9,97
t 15  < r  satisfy sec. 7.6.2
r = 250 = 250 = 16.14
 fy  240
• Web (table 7.5-1 for stiffened element) :
h 434 - 2 (15+24)
 = t = 10 = 35.6
w
665  < r  satisfy sec. 7.6.2
665
r = =  240 = 42.93
 fy 19
From the above calculation we find that c = 0.44 therefore :
1.43
 = 1.6 - 0.67  = 1.10 thus :
c
fy 240
 Nn =  Ag .  = 0.85 . 13500 . 1.10 = 2503.6 kN

Thus the maximum axial force that could be supported by this column is
2503.6 kN.

20
EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF COLUMN IN FRAME
– SNI 2002, 7.6.4

BRACED FRAME

0.7 < k < 1 0.5 < k < 0.7

UNBRACED FRAME

2<k< 1<k<2

21
EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF COLUMN IN FRAME (Cont.)

MULTI-STOREY FRAME BUCKLING

Ic  ( Ic / Lc )
..
Lc
Ib2 B GA =
Ib2
 ( Ib1 / Lb1)
Lc
..
Ic Lk
Ib1  ( Ic / Lc )
GB =  ( I / L )
Ib1 A
b2 b2
Lc Ic

Lb Lb See Nomogram in Fig. 7.6-2 SNI

22
EXAMPLE 2
Determine the value of kc for column AB in this two storey frame below
if the frame is :
a. Braced Frame
b. Unbraced Frame
2I 2I ANSWER :
L I a. GA = 10 (simple supported)
3I 3I
2 I/L
B GB = = 0.67
L I 2 3I / 2L
A From nomogram 7.6-2 SNI we find :
2L 2L kc = 0.82

b. GA = 10 (simple supported)
2 I/L
GB = = 0.67
2 3I / 2L
From nomogram 7.6-2 we find : k = 1.82 23
EXAMPLE 3 ???
Refer to example 2, but at far end of the girder is simple - connection.

2I 2I a. GA = 10 (simple supported)
2 I/L
L I GB = = 0.44
3I 3I 2 (1,5 x 3I / 2L)
B Found : k = 0.8
L I
A b. GA = 10 (simple supported)
2L 2L 2 I/L
GB = = 1.33
2 (0,5 x 3I / 2L)
Found : k = 1.9

24
BUILT UP MEMBER WITH CENTRIC FORCE
Sec 9.3 SNI
(a) y (b) y
1 1 1 1
x x Notes :
X - X : strong axis
m=2 m=2
a a Y - Y : weak axis
Y
1 - 1 : minimum axis of
1 Y
(d) (c) 1 1 1 member
X : couple plate
X

m=2 m=2
a a

Iy = 2 Iy1 + A1 a 2
2
25
BUILT UP MEMBER WITH CENTRIC FORCE (Cont.)
Sec 9.3 SNI

Y Notes :
(e) 1 1 1 X - X : strong axis
X Y - Y : weak axis
1 - 1 : minimum axis of
m=3 1 member
a a
: couple plate

Iy = 3 Iy1 + 2 A1 a2 Y
(f) 1 1 1 1
X

m=4
a a a

Iy = 4 Iy1 + 2 A1 (1,5 a)2 + 2 A1 (0,5 a)2

26
COUPLE PLATE
N D = 2%N

D1
N1

N
½L D2
½L
N2

N
D=0 D=0

N
½L ½L

D = 2% N
N

27
 c D x L1 = T x a
End Couple Plate
D D = shear force in the member
T = longitudinal shear force
Slenderness :
T  Strong Axis ( X - X )
L1 a Lkx
L1’
T x =
rx
½a

T  Weak Axis ( Y - Y )
Couple plate
D T
iy = y 2 + ½ m 1 2
1 Y 1 L
Mass Center of y = ky
built up member ry
X X
L1 L
1 = = 1
rmin r1-1
1 Y 1
28
 REQUIREMENTS OF COUPLE PLATE (sec. 9.3 (3))
1. Couple plate divides built up member into some segment equally (L1)
2. Minimum number of segment is 3.
3. Joint between couple plate and built up member should be rigid connection.
4. Couple plate should be rigid so that satisfy :
Ip I1 t
 10 h
a L1
a
Where :
Ip = moment of inertia of couple plate = 2 x 1 t.h3
12 = I
I1 = minimum moment of inertia of single member y
a = distance between each member axis
5. For its stability, the member should meets this requirements :
x  1.2 1
iy  1.2 1
1  50 29
FORCE DISTRIBUTION IN COUPLE PLATE
Consider 1 bolt
½T
T (supported by 2 couple plate)
Rmax
M = ¼T.c  Shear Force :
V1
V1 = ½T : 2 = ¼T
H ½T
X X
e
Rmax
V1 ½T  Moment :
H
H . e = ¼T . C
½c
c T.c
H = 4e
Consider couple plate
 Internal forces in one bolt :
 Shear Force :
Vu   Vn (sec. 8.8) Rmax = H2 + V12
Rmax  P (capacity of 1 bolt)
 Moment :
Mu   { S . fy} (sec. 8.2.1)
30
USING 4 BOLTS OR MORE
½T
M = ¼T . c M = M’
Rmax V1
H
H ¼ T. c = H . 3a + 3 . a
a
V1
¼T.c
H H =
½a 3
V1
3 13 a
½a H
3 ½T
a Rmax V1 =
V1 4
H
Rmax = H2 + V12
 P (capacity of 1 bolt)

31
 EXAMPLE 4
A column of double channels ][ has effective length Lx = Ly = 6.00 meters.
It support 500 kN of concentrated dead load. fy = 240 MPa, fu = 370 MPa.
Design for :
a. Section number of double channels
b. Dimension of couple plate
c. Bolt connection

A. Determine the column section

Nu = 1.4 ND = 1.4 . 500 = 700 kN (for 2 sections)
The capacity of one section should meet : ½ Nu = 350 kN
Lkx 6000
rxmin = = = 30 mm
200 200
Try using Channel 10 (rx of 1 section = 39.1 mm)
32
Assumed that after coupling the 2Channels, the weaker axis is X-X
Consider flange element
b 50
 = = = 5.89  < r
t 8.5
(OK) !! Note : h = 100 - 2 (8,5+8,5)
r = 290 /  (fy / ke) = 16.35 = 66 mm
4 4
ke = = = 1.21  ke  0.763 (see point f)
 (h / tw)  (66 / 6)
Lkx fy 6000 240
cx = r = = 1.69
x E  39.1 2. 105

 = 1.25 c2 = 1.25 . 1.692 = 3.57

Nn 1 sec =  Ag . fcr =  Ag . (fy / )

= 0.85 . 1350 . (240 / 3.57) = 77 kN < Nu 1 secl (350 kN)

Section is changed into Channel 18 (rx = 69.5 mm)

33
 b 70
 = = = 6.36
t 11  < r
(OK) !! Note : h = 180 - 2 (11+11)
r = 290 /  (fy / ke) = 16.35
= 136 mm
4 4
ke = = = 0.9  ke  0.763 (see point f)
 (h / tw)  (136 / 8)
Lkx fy
cx = = 6000 240 = 0.95
 rx E  69.5 2 . 10 5

= 1.43 = 1.49
1.6 - 0.67 c
Nn 1 sec =  Ag . fcr =  Ag . (fy / )
= 0.85 . 2800 . (240 / 1.49) = 384 kN > Nu 1 sec (350 kN)

Checking for web element (smarter to be checked earlier )

 = h/tw = 136 / 8 = 17  < r
r = 665 /  fy = 665 / 240 = 42.93 (OK) !!
So, there’s no web local buckling, the capacity of section = 384 kN 34
B. Design of Couple Plate
1 Y 1 To make the built up section has an equal capacity
in both axis (X and Y), take the distance a equal
X to section depth. Section depth of [ 18 = 180 mm,
x
so : x + 2 . 19,2 = 180 mm
a x = 141,6 mm  140 mm
19,2 mm a = 140 + 2 . 19,2 = 178,4 mm  178 mm
Lky 6000
y = r = r
y y
Iy 2 [114 + 28 x (½ . 17,8)2]
ry = 2 A = 2 x 28 = 9,13 cm

y = 6000 = 65,7 ; x = 6000 = 86.33

91.3 69.5
iy = y 2 + ½ m 1 2 ; m = 2

The effectiveness of built up section will reached if x = iy = 86,33

then : 86.33 =  65.72 + 12  1 = 56 35
 L1
1 = i  L1 = 1 . imin = 56 . 20.2 = 1131 mm
min

Theoretically L1 = 1131 mm, for 6 meters column length, there will be :

= 5.3 segments  6 segments
Thus, actual L1 is 6000 : 6 = 1000 mm
Therefore : 1 = L1 / imin = 1000 / 20.2 = 49.5

Checking for the stability of couple plate - SNI (9.3.(6) :

1. 1  50
49.5  50 (OK !!)
2. x  1.2 1
86.33  1.2 . 49.5
86.33  59.4 (OK !!)
3. iy  1.2 1
 y2 + ½ m . 12  1.2 1
 65.72 + 49.52  1.2 . 49.5
82.28  59.4 (OK !!)  assumption of page 32 is correct ! 36
 Checking for the member capacity to iy axis :
iy = 82.28
iy fy 82.28 fy
c iy =  E =  E = 0.91
1.43
 iy = = 1.44
1.6 - 0.67 c iy
 Nn =  Ag . (fy / ) = 0.85 . 2 . 2800 . (240 / 1.44)
= 792 kN > NU (OK !!)
No need to check, from l value, it is ensured that X-X axis is weaker.
Checking for the dimension of couple plate :
Thickness of couple plate is taken = 7 mm ; a = 17,8 cm ; L1 = 100 cm
I1 = Iy = 114 cm4
Ip
 10 I1 Taken h  18 cm
h a L1  Using 7 x 180 couple plate
2 x 121 0,7 h3 10 x 114 and Ø18 mm bolt
7 mm  37
17,8 100
Checking for the capacity of couple plate :
I = 1 . 7 . 1803 = 3402000 mm4
40 x 12
50
x Ihole = 2 . 20 . 7 . 502
50
= 700000 mm4
40

7 Inetto = Ix - Ihole = 2702000 mm2

Inetto 2702000
Snetto = y = = 30022 mm3
90

 Mu   Mn  ¼ T c   S . f y
4317900  0.9 . 30022 . 240
4317900  6484752 (OK !!)

 Vu   Vn  Vu = ½ T = ½ . 78651
= 39326 N
38
Determine Vn (sec. 8.8) :
h 180
= = 25.7
tw 7 h < 1.1 kn . E
tw fy
kn = 5 + 5 / (a/h)2 = 5 + 5 / (/180)2  5
See sec. 8.8.3
1.1 kn . E = 1.1 5. 2.105 = 71
fy 240

 Vn =  0.6 . fy . Aw
= 0.9 . 0.6 . 240 . 180 . 7 = 163296 N > Vu (OK !!)

39
C. Design of Bolt Connection
Using Ø 18 mm bolt
½T
Rmax D = 2% Nu = 0,02 x 700
V1 40
H
50
= 14 kN
V1
100

Rmax
V1 50 D.L1 14000 x 1000
T = =
H 40
a 178
c = 219,6

7 = 78651 N
11

a = 178
M = M’
¼ T.c = H . 100
¼ . 78651 . 219.6 = H x 100
H = 43179 N
½T ½ 78651
V1 = = 3 = 13109 N
3
40
Maximum force in one bolt :
Ru max = 431792 + 131092
= 45125 N

Shear capacity of one bolt (sec. 13.2.2.1) :

 Rn = f . r1 . fu . Ab
= 0.75 . 0.4 . 827 . ¼  . 182 = 63134 N > Ru (OK !!)

Bearing capacity of one bolt (sec. 13.2.2.4) :

 Rn = 2.4 . f . d . tp . fu
= 2.4 . 0.75 . 18 . 7 . 370 = 83916 N > Ru (OK !!)

41
 FORCE DISTRIBUTION IN COUPLE PLATE
USED IN SEVERAL BUILT UP SECTION
Y Y Y
X X X

a a a a a a
D D D D D D D D D
2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
a
6
a T 2a T T 2a 5a T” a T’a T’ 5a
6 2 2 6
2 3 3
L1 L1 L1
a a a
T 2 3 3 T’ T’ T”
T T a
6
D D D D D D D D D
2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
DL1 DL1 DL1
DL1 DL1 6 DL1 5 20
2 3 4
DL1 DL1 DL1
2 DL1 3 DL1 DL1 4
6 20 5

D.L1 D.L1 D.L1

T= a T = 2a T” = 0,3 a
D.L1
T’ = 0,4 a 42
BUILT UP SECTION WITH DIAGONAL MEMBER
SNI Sec. 9.4
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

 L1   L1  L1  L1
L1
L1 L1 L1 L1

a a a a a

z=2 z=2 z=4 z=4 z=2

Lkx Lky
x = ix  1,2 1 ; y =
iy
iy = y2 + ½ . m . 12  1,2 1
A . Ld3
1 =  z . Ad . L1 . a2  50 (for member a - d)
A . Ld 3 A.a
1 =  + 2.Ah.L1  50 (for member e)
z.Ad.L1.a2
Du
Su = n . sin 
43
Where :
A = area of built up section
Ad = area of one diagonal member
Su = internal force of one diagonal member
n = number of diagonal member in horizontal plane
L1 = element length as shown in the above figure
a = distance between built up section axis
z = constant as determine in the above figure
Ah = area of one horizontal member
 = inclination between diagonal member and vertical member

44
 BUILT UP SECTION WITHOUT MATERIAL AXIS
SNI Sec. 9.5
Y Y Y
1 Y m=2 1 1 m=2
1
m=2 m=2
1 X X
X a X
1 1

m* = 2 1 m* = 2
m* = 2 m* = 2
a a a
1
Y m=2
X-axis : ix = x2 + ½.m.12 ; Dx = 0,02 N
1 X
a
Y-axis : iy = y2 + ½.m*.12 ; Dy = 0,02 N

For Stability : m* = 4
ix  1,2 1 ; iy  1,2 1 ; 1  50 a

m = number of couple plate in horizontal direction (refer to the above figure)

m* = number of couple plate in vertical direction (refer to the above figure) 45
 BUILT UP SECTION WITH COUPLE PLATE WITHIN ITS DISTANCE
SNI ps. 9.6
0
X
X
0
Y
Y Buckling consideration is only determined
1 by x-x axis.(see example 6)
1
For case (b), maybe taken :
ix = 0,87 io
1
1
(a) (b)

Y Y
1 1

Buckling consideration should be

X
X determined by both axis (x and y axis).
Maybe taken : iy = y.
1 1
(c) (d)
46
EXAMPLE 5 : BUILT SECTION WITH DIAGONAL MEMBER
Double channel ][18 ; length L = 6.00 m = Lkx = Lky,;
140
180 Centric dead load ND 450 kN. Diagonal member using
178
6 x 60 without horizontal member.
 = 45° ; Ø17 mm bolt ; fy = 240 MPa ; fu = 370 MPa

c t
Requirements :
e 1
tmin = 50 c
45°
e > c
6
60

 Stiffness requirement of diagonal member   150

 It’s reasonable if only consider the compression member (safe) !

47
 Factored Load : Nu = 1.4 ND = 1.4 . 450 = 630 kN
45°
L1 = 35,6

Consideration About x-x Axis

140 [18 has : ix = 6,95 cm ; A = 28 cm2
180

178
x = 600 = 86.4
6,95
a = 17,8

Consideration About y-y Axis

iy = y2 + ½.m.12 = y2 + 12
Lky
y = [18 has : Iy = 114 cm4 ; e = 19,2 mm
iy
Iy = 2 [ 114 + 28 x (½ a)2 ] ; a = 140 + 2 . 19,2 = 178 mm
= 2 [ 114 + 28 x (½ x17,8)2 ] = 4663,76 cm4
48
 4663,76
iy = 2 . 28 = 9,13
600
y = = 65,7
9,13
A . L 3 2 x 28 x 25,2 3
1 =  d =  = 10,44
z.Ad.L1.a2 2 x 0,6 x 6 x 35,6 x 17,8 2

iy = 65,72 + 10,442 = 66,52

iy fy 66.52 240

c iy = = = 0.72
 E  2 . 105
1.43
 = 1.6 - 0.67  = 1.28
ciy
fy
 Nniy =  . Ag . = 0.85 . 2 . 2800 . (240 / 1.28)

= 892.5 kN > NU (OK !!)
49
Consideration of Diagonal Member 6 x 60
t = 6 mm imin = 0,289 t = 0,289 x 0,6
Ld 25,2
60 mm
 = = = 145,33 < 150 (OK)
imin 0,289 x 0,6
from  = 145,33 it can be determined that:
 fy 145.33 240
c =  E =  = 1.56
2 . 105
 = 1.25 c2 = 3.042
fy
 Sn =  . Ag . = 0.85 . 6 . 60 . (240 / 3.042)

= 24.14 kN  Sn  Su
Du 0,02 x 630 (OK !!)
Su = = 2 x sin 45° = 8.91 kN
n sin 
50
Consideration of Bolt Connection
Shear consideration :
 Rn = f . f1 . fu . Ab
= 0.75 . 0.4 . 414 . ¼  . 172
= 8.973 kN > Su (8.91 kN) OK !!
Bearing consideration :
 Rn = 2.4 f . d . tp . fu
= 2.4 . 0.75 . 17 . 6 . 370
= 67.94 kN > Su (8.91 kN) OK!!
Consideration of End Couple Plate :
c = 22 cm
1 1
tmin =50 c = 50 x 22 = 0,44 cm
e = 24 cm
using t = 6 mm ; e = 24 cm (note : e > c = 22 cm)
Net length of member : 600 - 2 x 24 = 552 cm
45°
Length of each segment (L1) = 17,8 cm (note :  = 45°)
6
Number of segment : (552 : 17.8) = 31 segments.
51
60
 EXAMPLE 6 : BUILT UP SECTION WITH COUPLE PLATE
WITHIN ITS DISTANCE

Couple plate

Gusset plate

Factored compression load

NU = 252 kN
Lkx = Lky = 3.2 m
Design the section !
52
 

102


a = 2 x 33,1 + 10 2
= 80,34 mm  8 cm
Consideration of  - Axis
Trial to use L 80x80x10 which has I = 139 cm4
Properties of L 80x80x10 :
I = 139 cm4 ; I = 35,9 cm4 ;  = 3,31 cm
A = 15,1 cm2 ; i = 3,03 cm ; i = 1,54 cm
L 320
 = i = 3,03 = 105.6

  fy 105.6 240
c = = = 1.16
 E  2 . 105
1.43
 = = 1.74
1.6 - 0.67 c 53
Member capacity about  - Axis :
 N =  . Ag . (fy / ) = 0.85 . 2 . 1510 . (240 / 1.74)
= 354 kN > NU (252 kN) OK !!

Consideration of  - Axis (s/d habis tidak perlu  SNI 9.6)

I = 2 [ 35,9 + 15,1 ( ½ x 8 )2 ] = 555 cm4
I 555
i = = 2 x 15,1 = 4,29 cm
2A
Lk 320
 = = = 74,59
i 4,29

Length of member is divided into 3 segments

L1 = 320 : 3 = 106,7  107 cm
L1 107
1 = = = 69,48 > 50  NO !!
i 1,54
54
Length of member is divided into 4 segments :
L1 = 320 : 4 = 80 cm

1 = 80 = 52 > 50  NO
1,54
Length of member is divided into 5 segments :
L1 = 320 : 5 = 64 cm
64
1 = = 41,6 < 50 ( OK !! )
1,54
i = 2 + 12 = 74,592 + 41,62 = 85,4
 i fy 85.4 240
c i = = = 0.94
 E  2 . 10 5
1.43
 = 1.6 - 0.67  = 1.47
c i
f
 N i =  . Ag . y = 0.85 . 2 . 1510 . (240 / 1.47)
 55
= 419.1 kN > NU (252 kN) OK !!