Industrial Engineering

Basic Garments Terminology

By-
Manoj Tiwari
Asst. Professor
DFT/NIFT, G’Nagar
Some basic terms-
z Production
z Productivity
z Capacity
z Capacity Utilization / Capacity Gap
z Efficiency

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Production-
z No. of pcs. or Units produced
z Out Put in a given period of time
z Example
z Unit-A produces- 500 Units/Day
z Unit-B produces-600 Units/Day
z Production/day of Unit-B is more than that of Unit-
A
( Out put refers to goods or services produced)

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Production figures don’t give idea
about-
z Inputs-in terms of resources used/consumed
to produce the Out put-
z Man
z Machinery
z Value
z Area/Space
z Man Hrs. or Machine Hrs.

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So, How one will know whether
Production is
economical/beneficial or now…?

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Productivity
z Relationship Between Output and Input
Productivity= Output/Input

The O/P of the plant or sections or departments

within the plan could be-
Qty. of Fabric inspected
No. of panels cut
No. of garments stitched or Ironed
No. of Garments washed or packed

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Standard Definition-
z Productivity denotes the productiveness of
the factors of production.

z In simple words- Productivity is concerned

with the efficient utilization of resources
(Inputs) in Producing goods or services
(Outputs)

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Total and Partial
Productivity…??
z Total productivity is the ratio of total Output to
the sum of all Input factors.
z A total productivity measure reflects the joint impact of
all the inputs in producing the output.

z Total productivity measure doesn’t tell the

management which of its products or services is
causing a decline or growth, nor does it which
particular inputs- workers, material, capital, energy or
other expenses- are being utilized inefficiently.
ƒ In simple words- Data analysis is relatively difficult.

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Partial Productivity-
z Partial productivity is the ration of out put to one
class of input.
z For example-
z labor productivity- Ration of output to the Labor
productivity

z Partial productivity measures are easy to understand, use

and compute.
z It’s a good diagnostic tool for pinpointing improvement
areas.
ƒ But at the same time it has some disadvantages also-If used
alone-can be misleading and may lead to costly mistakes.
ƒ It can’t be used to explain overall cost increase.

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Productivity improvement-
z A TASK have below components-
z Basic Work Content- the amount of work “contained in” a
job.
z Excess Work Content-
z Work content added by defects in design or specification of the
product
z Work content added by inefficient methods of manufacturing
z Ineffective time
z Due to the short-comings of management
z Ineffective time within the control of the worker

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z The factors- Excess work content and Ineffective
time do reduce the efficiency or can be said as non
productive factors
z Basic Work Content is the main component of the
task for which resources are utilised.
z High productivity is achieved where the Excess Work
Content and Ineffective Time for a job are small, or have
been eliminated, and the Basic Work Content is a high
percentage of the Total Time for the job

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How productivity is lost..??
z Annual Labor Turn over
z Absenteeism
z Methods ineffectiveness
z Avg. Factory performance
z Repairs and Rejects( Quality issues)-Not RIGTH
First Time…
z Balancing losses
z Machine delay/idle times
z Unmeasured work

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Some questions…

Who will tell productivity is low or high..?

Comparing it to the benchmarks…?
How it will be judged..?
How to increase the productivity..?

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 ME+EM+ME+EM=HP+EQC
Modern High
Motivated
Equipments Productivity
Employees

Enlightened
Management
Effective
Engineered
Quality Control
Methods

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Capacity-
z Maximum possible out put of goods or
services @ given resources @ ideal / std.
conditions
z This is purely a mathematical figure.

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Capacity Utilization-
z The actual ability to produce/deliver goods or
services at given resources and working
conditions
z Targets are set always by considering capacity
Utilization only.
z Capacity Gap- The diff. between Capacity
and Capacity Utilization

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Efficiency-
z How good or bad we perform against the
Target set.
z How efficient or successful we are to achieve
the Target
z The target is expressed as a time per garment or a
required level of production.
Targets are normally set at a performance level of 100%,
and therefore if an operator reaches his / her target
production, then his / her efficiency would be 100%

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Efficiency-
z Efficiency= (Time allowed / Time Taken)*100
z Efficiency= (Achieved Production/Target
Production)*100

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