Mid Term Answer Script

Email address: limonmd426@gmail.com

Name: Md. Wahidur Rahman

ID: 16173207053

Intake: 19

Section: 2

Q-1: Relate the continuous, repetitive, and intermittent production system

with the illustration.

Answer to the question no 1:

Continuous process industry:

A continuous process industry may be defined as one where the process is

continuous all the time day and night, all 24 hours per day, and it is impossible to
stop production process at a short notice without suffering considerable losses due
to partially processed materials, damage to equipment’s and the cost of labor and
materials required to clean out and recondition production equipment’s. For
example, steel plants, blast furnaces, rayon plants, sugar mills, oil refineries, heavy
chemicals plants, etc.

Repetitive process industries:

In a repetitive process industry, the product is processed in mass. In this type of

industry varieties of operations may be involved in different departments. The
repetition of the operations permits a highly specialized study of layout. The
product moves through the process in specified quantities called jobs. Each item in
the lot follows successively the same operation as the previous lots. If the lots of
the same or similar items follow one another with regularity through the process,
the situation becomes similar to the continuous process type of industries, expect
that the work may be stopped at any time on a short notice without any damage to
materials, equipment’s or suffering any losses expect those due to idleness on the
part of the workers and the equipment’s, for example, companies manufacturing
automobiles, tractors, telephones, televisions, refrigerators, shoes, etc.

Intermittent process industries:

On intermittent industry is one that processes items as and when orders are
procured. It is some time called a job-lot industry. Small lots of items are
manufactures on receipt of orders as per the specification of customers. Once the
lot is completed, repeat orders may be received and the items are again produced.
In this type of industry, flexibility of operations is most important and additional
capacity can be increased by adding more units whenever necessary. Addition of
new equipment’s will not necessarily require the relocation of the other
equipment’s.

Q-2: Make a relation between productivity and efficiency.

Answer to the question no 2:

Productivity and efficiency are two of the key goals of any business enterprise. But
they are two very different things and often compete with each other. Improved
productivity can come at the expense of efficiency and improved efficiency can
reduce productivity.

Put simply, productivity is the quantity of work produced by a team, business or

individual. Efficiency, on the other hand, refers to the resources used to produce
that work. So, the more effort, time or raw materials required to do the work, the
less efficient the process. Efficiency can also refer to the quality of the output.
Producing 100 widgets an hour may look good on a productivity spreadsheet, but
it's not very efficient if half of them are rejected because they don't meet quality
standards.

So finally, we can say if efficiency is increase with quality than productivity is

increased. On the other hand, if efficiency is increase but quality fall down then
productivity is decrease.
Q-3: How can we increase productivity?

Answer to the question no 3:

Productivity may be defined as the ratio between output of wealth and input of
resources of production. Output means the quantity produced and inputs are the
various resources employed, e.g., land, building, machinery, materials and labor.

Productivity is said to be increased, when

➢ The production increases without increase in inputs.

➢ The production remains same with decrease in inputs.
➢ The output increases more as compared to input.

Factor to be considered for increase productivity:

➢ Design innovation
➢ Standardizing the design
➢ Development of employee
➢ The arrangement of training
➢ Improving method
➢ Rewarding success

Q-4: Expand the statement- “Operator training is a part of time study”

Answer to the question no 4:

Time study may be defined as “the art of observing and recording the time required
to do each detailed element of an industrial activity/operation. Time study is not
only applying on industrial activity. Operator is a key factor for time study. If
operator show their best efficiency than the work of time study should be
complete. That’s why operator training is done in time study for better efficiency
for better production for less time high production.
Capacity studies and strength analysis:
A capacity study is similar to a time study but here it is done to find the operators
level of performance. This can be combined with a strength analysis, to determine
the wastage of potential we are having, not only with one operator, but also with a
line, batch or factory.

Follow-up study:
A follow-up study is a means of measuring exactly what is happening
performance-wise to an individual operator or a group of operators. In making the
follow-up study, the engineer records operator performance and also measures any
delays that hamper performance

Bundle diagnosis:
This is a tool used to determine the specific areas where the operators are weak or
strong, to focus the effort of training in those particular areas in which she is not at
the required level. It measures the performance of the operator at every stage
during the performance

Drill training:
Many companies place their operator training programs under the engineering
function, especially when some form of drill training is used. This is a system in
which particular jobs to be taught are analyzed and broken down into job parts.
The operator learns the job of one part at a time, and this enables her to learn faster
than if she tries to learn the whole job at once. It is basically based in learning the
different skills required to perform one complete operation.

So, we can see in operator training situation time study apply in different position
for observing their movement, their efficiency and their performance.

So, considering above circumstance we can say, Operator training is a part of

time study.
Q-5: A worker may cut 10 metal discs from a given length of metal plate per
hour. A skilled worker by improving the method can cut 12 pieces in one
hour. Now calculate the % of increasing productivity

Answer to the question no 5:

Solution:
A worker may cut metal disc 10 pcs per hour and by improving the method can
cut 12 pcs metal disc.
So,
Actual man hour = 10
Production in standard hour = (12-10)

Now,
Productivity = (Production in standard hour / Actual man hour)
= [(12-10)/10] X 100
= 20 %
⸫ Increasing productivity = 20%

Result: The increasing productivity is 20% (Ans.)

Q-6: Justify the statement- “Payroll system can improve the productivity”

Answer to the question no 6:

Payroll system means work based salary/payment system. When a worker got his
payment on basis of his/her work that’s called payroll system.

The development of a fair payroll plan for operators is a basic function of an

apparel engineer. The most common form is a straight piecework system, where
the operator’s pay is based entirely on what the operator produces. There are cases,
however, where such a plan might not be fair to the operator. For example, utility
operator’s performance in each operation would not be high due to frequent
changes. For this reason, various types of split incentive plans can be used. Most
operators can master the simple arithmetic processes of applying any wage
incentive formula.
When a company pay their operator payment on the basis of his/her work then
each and every worker want to do more output for earning more money and finally
there is huge increase output & when inputs remain same & output is increased so
productivity is increased.

So, considering above circumstance we can say that Payroll system can improve
the productivity.

Q-7: Write three factors that should be considered during selecting a job.

Answer to the question no 7:

The three factors that should be conceded during selecting a job is:

➢ The best way to do a work.

➢ The time required to do it.
➢ The way to measure results

Q-8: Describe briefly the term, “Standardization”

Answer to the question no 8:

Standardization:

Standardization is the process of creating standards to guide the creation of a good

or service based on the consensus of all the relevant parties in the industry. The
standards ensure that goods or services produced in a specific industry come with
consistent quality and are equivalent to other comparable products or services in
the same industry.

Standardization is the process of implementing and developing technical

standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users,
interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help
maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality. It can
also facilitate commoditization of formerly custom processes. In social sciences,
including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for
a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains,
but only by making mutually consistent decisions.

Standardization also helps in ensuring the safety, interoperability, and

compatibility of goods produced. Some of the parties involved in the
standardization processes include users, interest groups, governments,
corporations, and standards organizations.

Q-9: State what types of prevention should be taken by the industry because
of system failure?
Answer to the question no 9:

System Failure means the failure of any component that supports the overall
supply or operation.

The prevention should be taken by the industry because of system failure is:

Any attempt to run any department or firm without standardized conditions,

without production schedule and without fair payment to employees is doomed to
chaos and failure. Without having someone performing the above functions, it
would be impossible to operate for very long.

Q-10: State how we can simplify the work for increasing productivity?
Answer to the question no 10:

Work simplification for Increase productivity:

➢ Effort to make the work simpler.

➢ Kill the skill of the work enabling a medium skilled employee to perform •
efficiently. (Higher and consistent output)
➢ The ability to produce more within the same amount of time is company’s •
insurance for survival.
➢ Results increase in capacity, and thus, scope for getting more orders.
➢ Avoids overtime cost.
Q-11: Discuss when the executive acts as a leader.

Answer to the question no 11:

A good way of showing leadership is to be a good example for others. Every

executive/supervisor represents the company and any of his actions are an
extension of the
➢ Maintenance
➢ Quality work
➢ Productivity
Authority is usually earned but from the beginning, executives will be
assigned to do the following tasks that require authority:
1. Employee transfers between the operations
2. Assigning of off-standard tasks
3. Overtime planning
4. Rejecting defective product
5. Disciplinary actions
6. Recommendations for dismissal Employee respect will depend on how an
executive /supervisor acts as a leader and uses his authority to benefit all
employees in his department.