Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LRFD Manual of Steel Construction Third Edition Table of Contents
LRFD Manual of Steel Construction Third Edition Table of Contents
of
STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Third Edition
vi
Copyright © 2001
by
ISBN 1-56424-051-7
Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes
developed by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such
material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the
printing of this edition. The Institute bears no responsibility for such material other
than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial
publication of this edition.
PREFACE
rd
This 3 Edition LRFD Manual of Steel Construction is the twelfth major update of the
AISC Manual of Steel Construction, which was first published in 1927. With this revision,
member and connection design information has been condensed back into a single
volume. It has been reorganized and reformatted to provide practical and efficient access
to the information it contains, with a roadmap format to guide the user quickly to the
applicable specifications, codes and standards, as well as the applicable provisions in
those standards.
The following specifications, codes and standards are included in or with this Manual:
In addition, many other improvements have been made throughout this Manual.
The Committee gratefully acknowledges the following people for their contributions to this
Manual: Abbas Aminmansour, Roger L. Brockenbrough, Jennifer R. Ceccotti, Harry A.
Cole, Richard A. DeVries, Guy J. Engebretson, Areti Gertos, Louis F. Geschwindner, Jr.,
John L. Harris III, Richard C. Kaehler, Suzanne W. Kaehler, Gerald F. Loberger, Jr.,
William T. Segui, Janet S. Tuegel, and Ramulu S. Vinnakota.
1–1
PART 1
DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–4
STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–4
W-, M-, S- and HP-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–4
Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–4
Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–5
Structural Tees (WT-, MT- and ST-Shapes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–5
Hollow Structural Sections (HSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–6
Steel Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–7
Double Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–7
Double Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–8
W-Shapes with Cap Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–8
S-Shapes with Cap Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–9
Plate Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–9
Crane Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–9
Other Structural Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–10
STANDARD MILL PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–10
Hot-Rolled Structural Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–10
Hollow Structural Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–10
Steel Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–10
Plate Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–10
TABLES OF DESIGN DIMENSIONS, DETAILING DIMENSIONS AND AXIAL,
STRONG-AXIS FLEXURAL AND WEAK-AXIS FLEXURAL PROPERTIES . . . . . 1–12
Table 1-1. W-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–12
Table 1-2. M-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–24
Table 1-3. S-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–26
Table 1-4. HP-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–28
Table 1-5. C-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–30
Table 1-6. MC-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–32
Table 1-7. Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–34
Table 1-8. WT-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–40
Table 1-9. MT-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–52
2–1
PART 2
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–5
APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–5
Specifications, Codes and Standards for Structural Steel Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . 2–6
Additional Requirements for HSS and Steel Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–6
Additional Requirements for Single-Angle Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–6
Additional Requirements for Bolted Joints with High-Strength Bolts . . . . . . . . . 2–7
Additional Requirements for Welded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–7
Additional Requirements for Steel-to-Concrete Anchorage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–7
Additional Requirements for Seismic Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–7
Other AISC Reference Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–7
OSHA REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–8
Columns and Column Base Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–8
Safety Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–9
Walking/Working Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–9
Beams and Bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–9
Joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–9
Controlling Contractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–9
Fall Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–10
Lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–10
FUNDAMENTALS OF LIMIT-STATES DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–10
Loads, Load Factors and Load Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–10
Nominal Strengths, Resistance Factors and Design Strengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–12
Serviceability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–12
DESIGN BASIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–12
Frame Analysis, Stability and Leaning Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–12
Stability Bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–13
Approximate Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–13
Simple-Span Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–13
Beam Ends Supported on Bearing Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–13
Beams and Girders Framing Continuously Over Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–13
3–1
PART 3
DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–3
LOAD DETERMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–3
GROSS AREA, NET AREA AND EFFECTIVE AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–3
Gross Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–3
Effective Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–3
TENSILE DESIGN STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–3
Yielding Limit State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–3
Rupture Limit State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
OTHER SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS . . . 3–4
Special Requirements for Heavy Shapes and Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
Slenderness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
Built-Up Tension Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
Pin-Connected Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
Eyebars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
Concentrated Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
Serviceability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
Connection Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
DESIGN EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–5
Example 3.1. W-Shape Tension Member Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–5
Example 3.2. Single-Angle Tension Member Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–7
Example 3.3. WT-Shape Tension Member Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–9
Example 3.4. Rectangular HSS Tension Member Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–10
Example 3.5. Round HSS Tension Member Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–11
Example 3.6. Steel Pipe Tension Member Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–13
Example 3.7. Double-Angle Tension Member Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–14
STEEL TENSION-MEMBER SELECTION TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–15
Table 3-1. W-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–16
Table 3-2. Single Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–16
Table 3-3. WT-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–16
4–1
PART 4
DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–3
LOAD DETERMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–3
COMPACT, NON-COMPACT AND SLENDER-ELEMENT CROSS-SECTIONS . . . . 4–3
Determining the Width-Thickness Ratios of the Cross-Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–3
Width-Thickness Limits for Compact and Non-Compact Cross-Sections . . . . . . . . 4–3
Effective Width Factor for Slender-Element Cross-Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–3
Doubly Symmetric Compression Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–3
Singly Symmetric Compression Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–4
Point-Symmetric and Unsymmetric Compression Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–4
EFFECTIVE LENGTH AND COLUMN SLENDERNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–4
Physical and Effective Column Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–4
Stiffness Reduction Factor τ for Inelastic Buckling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–4
Column Slenderness Parameter λc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–4
COMPRESSIVE DESIGN STRENGTH FOR COMPACT AND NON-COMPACT
CROSS-SECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–5
Doubly Symmetric Compression Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–5
Singly Symmetric Compression Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–5
Point-Symmetric and Unsymmetric Compression Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–5
COMPRESSIVE DESIGN STRENGTH FOR SLENDER-ELEMENT
CROSS-SECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–5
Doubly Symmetric Compression Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–5
Singly Symmetric Compression Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–6
Point-Symmetric and Unsymmetric Compression Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–6
COMPOSITE COMPRESSION MEMBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–6
OTHER SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS . . . 4–6
Slenderness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–6
Plastic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–6
Built-Up Compression Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–6
Pin-Connected Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–6
Tapered Compression Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–6
Serviceability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–7
Connection Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–7
DESIGN EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–7
EXAMPLE 4.1. W-shape compression member design (braced frame). . . . . . . . . . 4–7
EXAMPLE 4.2. W-shape compression member design (moment frame). . . . . . . . . 4–9
EXAMPLE 4.3. Single-angle compression member design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–12
EXAMPLE 4.4. WT-shape compression member design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–13
EXAMPLE 4.5. Rectangular HSS compression member design. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–13
EXAMPLE 4.6. Steel pipe compression member design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–14
EXAMPLE 4.7. Double-angle compression member design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–14
EXAMPLE 4.8. Rectangular HSS filled with 5-ksi normal-weight concrete. . . . . . . 4–15
STEEL COMPRESSION-MEMBER SELECTION TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–16
Table 4-1. Stiffness Reduction Factor τ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–16
Table 4-2. W-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–16
Table 4-3. HP-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–16
Table 4-4. Single Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–16
Table 4-5. WT-Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–17
Table 4-6. Rectangular HSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–17
Table 4-7. Round HSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–17
Table 4-8. Steel Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–17
Table 4-9. Equal-Leg Double Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–17
Table 4-10. LLBB Double Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–18
Table 4-11. SLBB Double Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–18
COMPOSITE COMPRESSION-MEMBER SELECTION TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . 4–18
Table 4-12. Rectangular HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal-Weight Concrete . . . . . . . . 4–18
Table 4-13. Rectangular HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal-Weight Concrete . . . . . . . . 4–18
Table 4-14. Round HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal-Weight Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . 4–18
Table 4-15. Round HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal-Weight Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . 4–18
Table 4-16. Steel Pipe Filled with 4-ksi Normal-Weight Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–18
Table 4-17. Steel Pipe Filled with 5-ksi Normal-Weight Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–19
PART 4 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–19
5–1
PART 5
DESIGN OF FLEXURAL MEMBERS
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–5
LOAD DETERMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–5
GROSS AREA, NET AREA AND EFFECTIVE AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–5
For Flexure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–5
For Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–5
COMPACT, NON-COMPACT AND SLENDER-ELEMENT CROSS-SECTIONS
(LOCAL BUCKLING) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–5
Determining the Width-Thickness Ratios of the Cross-Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–5
Width-Thickness Limits for Compact and Non-Compact Cross-Sections . . . . . . . . 5–5
UNBRACED LENGTH (LATERAL-TORSIONAL BUCKLING) . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–6
Classification of Spans for Flexure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–6
Consideration of Moment Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–6
FLEXURAL DESIGN STRENGTH FOR STRONG-AXIS BENDING . . . . . . . . . . 5–7
Requirements for Braced, Compact Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–7
Additional Requirements for Unbraced Length L b Greater Than L p . . . . . . . . . . . 5–8
Additional Requirements for Cross-Sections with Non-Compact or Slender Flanges . . 5–8
Additional Requirements for Cross-Sections with Non-Compact or Slender Webs . . . 5–8
FLEXURAL DESIGN STRENGTH FOR WEAK-AXIS BENDING . . . . . . . . . . . 5–9
SHEAR DESIGN STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–9
STEEL W-SHAPE BEAMS WITH COMPOSITE SLABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–9
Concrete Slab Effective Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–9
Shear Stud Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–9
Flexural Design Strength for Positive Moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–10
Shored and Unshored Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–10
Shear Design Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–10
OTHER SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS . . . 5–10
Special Requirements for Heavy Shapes and Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–10
Plastic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–10
Web Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–10
Plate Girders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–10
Tapered Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–10
6–1
PART 6
DESIGN OF MEMBERS SUBJECT
TO COMBINED LOADING
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–3
LOAD DETERMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–3
COMPACT, NON-COMPACT AND SLENDER-ELEMENT CROSS-SECTIONS . . . . 6–3
MEMBERS SUBJECT TO COMBINED AXIAL TENSION AND FLEXURE . . . . . . 6–3
MEMBERS SUBJECT TO COMBINED AXIAL COMPRESSION AND FLEXURE . . 6–3
MEMBERS SUBJECT TO COMBINED TORSION, FLEXURE, SHEAR
AND/OR AXIAL FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–4
COMPOSITE MEMBERS SUBJECT TO COMBINED AXIAL COMPRESSION
AND FLEXURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–4
OTHER SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS . . . 6–4
DESIGN EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–5
Example 6.1. W-shape subject to combined axial tension and flexure. . . . . . . . . . 6–5
Example 6.2. W-shape subject to combined axial compression and flexure
(braced frame). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–6
Example 6.3. W-shape subject to combined axial compression and flexure
(moment frame). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–8
Example 6.4. W-shape member design (braced frame). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–9
STEEL BEAM-COLUMN SELECTION TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–10
Table 6-1. Median Values of b, m and n for Beam-Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–10
Table 6-2. W-Shapes: Values of b, m and n for Beam-Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–11
PART 6 REFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–11
7–1
PART 7
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR BOLTS
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–3
LOAD DETERMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–3
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BOLTED JOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–3
Fastener Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–3
Proper Selection of Bolt Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–3
Washer Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–4
Bolted Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–4
PROPER SPECIFICATION OF JOINT TYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–4
Snug-Tightened Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–4
Pretensioned Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–4
Slip-Critical Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–5
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–5
Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–5
Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–5
Combined Shear and Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–5
Bearing Strength at Bolt Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–5
Slip Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–6
ECCENTRICALLY LOADED BOLT GROUPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–6
Eccentricity in the Plane of the Faying Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–6
Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–6
Elastic Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–7
Eccentricity Normal to the Plane of the Faying Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–9
Case I—Neutral Axis Not at Center of Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–9
Case II—Neutral Axis at Center of Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–11
OTHER SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS . . . 7–12
Placement of Bolt Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–12
Bolts in Combination with Welds or Rivets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–12
Galvanizing High-Strength Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–12
Reuse of Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–12
Fatigue Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–12
Entering and Tightening Clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–12
8–1
PART 8
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR WELDS
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–3
LOAD DETERMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–3
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR WELDED JOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–3
Filler Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–3
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–3
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–3
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–3
Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–3
Electroslag Welding (ESW) and Electrogas Welding (EGW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–4
Thermal Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–4
Air-Arc Gouging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–4
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–4
Visual Testing (VT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–4
Penetrant Testing (PT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–4
Magnetic-Particle Testing (MT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–4
Ultrasonic Testing (UT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–5
Radiographic Testing (RT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–5
PROPER SPECIFICATION OF JOINT TYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–6
Selection of Weld Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–6
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–7
Effective Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–7
Groove Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–7
Fillet Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–7
Plug and Slot Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–7
Design Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–7
ECCENTRICALLY LOADED WELD GROUPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–8
Eccentricity in the Plane of the Faying Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–8
Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–8
Elastic Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–10
Eccentricity Normal to the Plane of the Faying Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–11
9–1
PART 9
DESIGN OF CONNECTION ELEMENTS
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–3
LOAD DETERMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–3
GROSS AREA, NET AREA AND WHITMORE SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–3
Gross Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–3
Net Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–3
Whitmore Section (Effective Width) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–3
YIELDING LIMIT STATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–3
Connection Elements Subject to Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–3
Connection Elements Subject to Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–4
Connection Elements Subject to Flexure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–4
Coped Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–4
RUPTURE LIMIT STATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–5
Connection Elements Subject to Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–5
Connection Elements Subject to Block Shear Rupture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–5
Connection Elements Subject to Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–5
Connection Elements Subject to Flexure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–5
Beams and Girders with Bolt Holes in the Tension Flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–5
Coped Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–5
Connection Element Rupture Strength at Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–6
BUCKLING LIMIT STATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–6
Compression Buckling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–6
Lateral-Torsional Buckling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–7
Local Buckling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–7
Coped Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–7
BEARING LIMIT STATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–9
Bearing Strength at Bolt Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–9
Steel-on-Steel Bearing Strength (Other Than at Bolt Holes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–9
Bearing Strength on Concrete or Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–9
OTHER SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS . . . 9–10
Prying Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–10
Rotational Ductility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–12
10–1
PART 10
DESIGN OF SIMPLE SHEAR CONNECTIONS
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–5
FORCE TRANSFER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–5
COMPARING CONNECTION ALTERNATIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–5
Two-Sided Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–5
Seated Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–5
One-Sided Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–7
CONSTRUCTABILITY CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–7
Double Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–7
Accessibility in Column Webs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–7
Field-Welded Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–8
Riding the Fillet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–8
DOUBLE-ANGLE CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–8
Design Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–8
Recommended Angle Length and Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–9
Shop and Field Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–10
EXAMPLE 10.1. All-bolted double-angle connection (beam-to-girder web). . . . . 10–12
EXAMPLE 10.2. All-bolted double-angle connection (beam-to-column flange). . . 10–14
EXAMPLE 10.3. Bolted/welded double-angle connection (beam-to-girder web). . . 10–15
EXAMPLE 10.4. Bolted/welded double-angle connection (beam-to-column flange). 10–15
EXAMPLE 10.5. All-welded double-angle connection (beam-to-column flange). . . 10–16
Table 10-1. All-Bolted Double-Angle Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–16
Table 10-2. Bolted/Welded Double-Angle Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–17
Table 10-3. All-Welded Double-Angle Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–18
SHEAR END-PLATE CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–55
Design Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–55
Recommended End-Plate Dimensions and Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–55
Shop and Field Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–55
EXAMPLE 10.6. Shear end-plate connection (beam to girder web). . . . . . . . . 10–56
Table 10-4. Bolted/Welded Shear End-Plate Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–58
11–1
PART 11
DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE MOMENT CONNECTIONS
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11–3
LOAD DETERMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11–3
FLANGE-ANGLE FLEXIBLE MOMENT CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11–4
FLANGE-PLATED FLEXIBLE MOMENT CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11–5
DESIGN EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11–8
EXAMPLE 11.1. Flange-angle flexible moment connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11–8
EXAMPLE 11.2. Flange-plated flexible moment connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11–13
PART 11 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11–17
12–1
PART 12
DESIGN OF FULLY RESTRAINED (FR)
MOMENT CONNECTIONS
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–3
FR MOMENT CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–3
Load Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–3
Design Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–4
Temporary Support During Erection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–4
Welding Considerations For Fully Restrained Moment Connections . . . . . . . . . . 12–5
Flange-Plated FR Moment Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–5
Directly Welded Flange FR Moment Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–5
Extended End-Plate FR Moment Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–7
Shop and Field Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–9
Design Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–10
Four-Bolt Unstiffened Extended End-Plate Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–10
Eight-Bolt Stiffened Extended End-Plate Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–12
FR MOMENT SPLICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–13
Location of Moment Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–13
Force Transfer in Moment Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–13
Flange-Plated FR Moment Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–14
Directly Welded Flange FR Moment Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–15
Extended End-Plate FR Moment Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–17
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–17
FR Moment Connections to Column-Web Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–17
Recommended Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–18
Ductility Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–18
FR Moment Connections Across Girder Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–22
Top Flange Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–23
Bottom Flange Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–23
Web Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–23
DESIGN EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–24
EXAMPLE 12.1. Bolted flange-plated FR moment connection
(beam-to-column flange). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–24
13–1
PART 13
DESIGN OF BRACING CONNECTIONS
AND TRUSS CONNECTIONS
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–3
BRACING CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–3
Diagonal Bracing Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–3
Force Transfer in Diagonal Bracing Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–4
The Uniform Force Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–4
Special Case 1, Modified Working Point Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–6
Special Case 2, Minimizing Shear in the Beam-to-Column Connection . . . . . . . 13–6
Special Case 3, No Gusset-to-Column Web Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–9
Analysis of Existing Diagonal Bracing Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–9
Design Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–11
TRUSS CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–11
Members in Trusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–11
Minimum Connection Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–13
Panel-Point Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–13
Design Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–14
Shop and Field Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–14
Support Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–14
Design Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–14
Shop and Field Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–16
Truss Chord Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–17
DESIGN EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–17
EXAMPLE 13.1. Bracing connection design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–17
EXAMPLE 13.2. Bracing connection design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–32
EXAMPLE 13.3. Truss panel-point connection design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–38
EXAMPLE 13.4. Truss support connection design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–41
PART 13 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–48
14–1
PART 14
DESIGN OF BEAM BEARING PLATES, COLUMN BASE
PLATES, ANCHOR RODS AND COLUMN SPLICES
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–3
BEAM BEARING PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–3
Force Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–3
Recommended Bearing-Plate Dimensions and Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–3
Design Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–4
COLUMN BASE PLATES FOR AXIAL COMPRESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–4
Force Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–5
Recommended Base-Plate Dimensions and Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–5
Design Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–5
Finishing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–6
Holes for Anchor Rods and Grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–6
Grouting and Leveling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–6
COLUMN BASE PLATES FOR AXIAL TENSION, SHEAR OR MOMENT . . . . . . 14–8
ANCHOR RODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–9
Minimum Edge Distance and Embedment Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–9
Washer Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–10
Hooked Anchor Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–10
Headed or Threaded and Nutted Anchor Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–10
Anchor-Rod Nut Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–10
COLUMN SPLICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–10
Fit-Up of Column Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–11
Lifting Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–12
Column Alignment and Stability During Erection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–13
Force Transfer in Column Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–14
Flange-Plated Column Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–15
Directly Welded Flange Column Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–17
Butt-Plated Column Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–17
DESIGN EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–17
EXAMPLE 14.1. Beam bearing plate design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–17
EXAMPLE 14.2. Column base plate design for axial compression. . . . . . . . . . . 14–20
PART 14 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–24
15–1
PART 15
DESIGN OF HANGER CONNECTIONS, BRACKET
PLATES AND CRANE-RAIL CONNECTIONS
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–3
HANGER CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–3
BRACKET PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–4
CRANE-RAIL CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–5
Bolted Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–5
Welded Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–6
Hook Bolt Fastenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–6
Rail Clip Fastenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–6
Rail Clamp Fastenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–6
Patented Rail Clip Fastenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–7
DESIGN EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–7
EXAMPLE 15.1. Hanger connection design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–7
EXAMPLE 15.2. Bolted bracket plate design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–13
EXAMPLE 15.3. Welded bracket plate design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–15
DESIGN TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–17
Table 15-1. Preliminary Hanger Connection Selection Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–17
Table 15-2. Net Elastic Section Modulus Snet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–17
FORGED STEEL STRUCTURAL HARDWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–17
Table 15-3. Dimensions and Weights of Clevises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–17
Table 15-4. Clevis Numbers Compatible with Various Rods and Pins . . . . . . . . . 15–17
Table 15-5. Dimensions and Weights of Turnbuckles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–17
Table 15-6. Dimensions and Weights of Sleeve Nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–18
Table 15-7. Dimensions and Weights of Recessed-Pin Nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–18
Table 15-8. Dimensions and Weights of Cotter Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–18
PART 15 REFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–18
16–1
PART 16
SPECIFICATIONS AND CODES
Notes:
The above documents are available for free download in *.pdf format at www.aisc.org. While
not included in this Manual, the AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings,
April 15, 1997 and Seismic Provisions Supplement No. 2, November 10, 2000 are available
for free download in *.pdf format at www.aisc.org. Information about AISC Certification of
steel fabricators and steel erectors is available at www.aisc.org/quality.html.
17–1
PART 17
MISCELLANEOUS DATA AND
MATHEMATICAL INFORMATION