Text 1

Human brain structure is composed of three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain
and hindbrain, each with multiple parts.
The Cerebrum: Also known as the cerebral cortex, the cerebrum is the largest
part of the human brain, and it is associated with higher brain function such as
thought and action. Nerve cells make up the gray surface, which is a little
thicker than our thumb. White nerve fibers beneath the surface carry signals
between nerve cells in other parts of the brain and body . Its wrinkled surface
increases the surface area, and is a six-lay ered structure found in mammals,
called the neocortex. It is divided into four sections, called “lobes”. They are;
the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe.
Frontal Lobe – The frontal lobe lies just beneath our forehead and is associated
with our brain’s ability to reason, organize, plan, speak, move, make facial
expressions, serial task, problem solve, control inhibition, spontaneity , initiate
and self-regulate behaviors, pay attention, remember and control emotions.
Parietal Lobe – The parietal lobe is located at the upper rear of our brain, and
controls our complex behaviors, including senses such as vision, touch, body
awareness and spatial orientation. It play s important roles in integrating
sensory information from various parts of our body , knowledge of numbers and
their relations, and in the manipulation of objects. Portions are involved with our
visuospatial processing, language comprehension, the ability to construct, body
positioning and movement, neglect/inattention, left-right differentiation and
self-awareness/insight.
Occipital Lobe – The occipital lobe is located at the back of our brain, and is
associated with our visual processing, such as visual recognition, visual
attention, spatial analy sis (moving in a 3-D world) and visual perception of body
language; such as postures, expressions and gestures.
Temporal Lobe – The temporal lobe is located near our ears, and is associated
with processing our perception and recognition of auditory stimuli (including our
ability to focus on one sound among many , like listening to one voice among
many at a party ), comprehending spoken language, verbal memory , visual
memory and language production (including fluency and word-finding), general
knowledge and autobiographical memories.
A deep furrow divides the cerebrum into two halves, known as the left and right
hemispheres. And, while the two hemispheres look almost sy mmetrical, each
side seems to function differently . The right hemisphere is considered our
creative side, and the left hemisphere is considered our logical side. A bundle of
axons, called the corpus callosum, connects the two hemispheres.
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1. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) The description of surface carry signals between nerve cells in other
parts of the brain and body .
(B) The explanation about A bundle of axons, called the corpus callosum,
connects the two hemispheres.
(C) The overview about the structure and function of the human brain.
(D) The findings of the important roles of parietal lobe in integrating
sensory information from various parts of our body. Pembahasan Soal
UTBK 2019
(E) The argument of the perception and recognition of auditory stimuli in
human brain.
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Soal ini menanyakan tentang ide pokok yang merupakan inti utama dari seluruh
isi tulisan. Ide pokok wacana ini adalah mengenai gambaran mengenai struktur
dan fungsi otak manusia. Informasi ini dapat ditemukan di paragraf awal
‘Human brain structure is composed of three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain
and hindbrain, each with multiple parts’ dan kemudian setiap poin struktur dan
fungsi dijelaskan di setiap paragraf. Wacana ini bersifat deduktif karena ide
pokok terdapat di paragraf pertama.

TIPS:
Topic/Main Idea: Baca paragraf pertama dan kalimat awal tiap paragraf.
Temukan objek/istilah y ang sering berulang.
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 2. The sentence ‘The parietal lobe is located at the upper rear of our brain,
and controls our complex behaviors, including senses such as vision,
touch, body awareness and spatial orientation’ In paragraph 5 can best be
restated as
(A) The parietal lobe can be in at the upper rear of our brain, and controls
our complex behaviors, excluding senses such as vision, touch, body
awareness and spatial orientation.
(B) The parietal lobe is located near the upper rear of our brain, and
controls our complex behaviors, senses such as vision, touch, body
awareness and spatial orientation.
(C) The parietal lobe is located far from the upper rear of our brain, and
controls our complex behaviors, a part of senses such as vision, touch,
body awareness and spatial orientation.
(D) The location of parietal lobe is at the upper rear of our brain, and
controls our complex behaviors, that is, senses such as vision, touch, body
awareness and spatial orientation.
(E) The upper rear of our brain is at the pariental lob, and controls our
complex behaviors, including senses such as vision, touch, body
awareness and spatial orientation.
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Pernyataan ulang dari kalimat: ‘Lobus parietal terletak di bagian belakang atas
otak kita, dan mengendalikan perilaku kompleks kita, termasuk indera seperti
penglihatan, sentuhan, kesadaran tubuh, dan orientasi spasial’ adalah ‘Lokasi
lobus parietal berada di bagian belakang atas otak kita, dan mengendalikan
perilaku kompleks kita, yaitu indera seperti penglihatan, sentuhan, kesadaran
tubuh, dan orientasi spasial’. Kalimat ini dapat menggantikan kalimat soal
karena memiliki makna yang sama.

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3. It can be concluded from the passage that … .
(A) Three main parts of human brain, the forebrain, midbrain and
 hindbrain, each with multiple parts, have significant roles in controlling
human activity.
(B) The frontal lobe lies just beneath our forehead and is associated with
our brain’s ability to visual recognition, such as visual recognition, visual
attention, spatial analy sis.
(C) The right hemisphere is considered our creative side, and the left
hemisphere is considered human mental activity .
(D) A deep furrow has functions to comprehend spoken language, verbal
memory , visual memory and language production.
(E) Frontal lobes are involved with our visuospatial processing, language
comprehension, the ability to construct, body positioning and movement.
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Kesimpulan merupakan sebuah gagasan yang tercapai pada akhir pembicaraan.
Dengan kata lain, kesimpulan adalah hasil dari suatu pembicaraan dalam hal ini
wacana. Maka dapat disimpulkan dari wacana ada tiga bagian utama otak
manusia, otak depan, otak tengah, dan otak belakang, masing-masing dengan
beberapa bagian, memiliki peran signifikan dalam mengendalikan aktivitas
manusia. Hal ini sejalan dengan topik wacana yang berbicara tentang bagian-
bagian otak di mana tiap bagian memiliki peran yang penting bagi tubuh
manusia.

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4. What most likely motivates the writer in writing the passage?
(A) Not many people have much information about the functions of parts
of human brain.
(B) There is a my stery about what functions of human brain.
(C) People’s information about human brain is suffecient.
(D) Many people have known about the functions of the brain.
(E) The information about functions about human brain is not available.
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Bentukan teks adalah teks report yang memberikan informasi mengenai fungsi
bagian-bagian otak. Maka, motivasi penulis kemungkinan menuliskan wacana
adalah karena tidak banyak informasi mengenai fungsi otak

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Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano keeps erupting with syrupy lava flows, serving as a
fiery reminder of nature’s destructive power. There are two contents flow out as
molten rock and they both have to do with volcanoes. But as the ongoing
eruption captures headlines, a question might occur to the readers: What’s the
difference between magma and lava?
The distinction between magma and lava is all about location. When geologists
refer to magma, they’re talking about molten rock that’s still trapped
underground. If this molten rock makes it to the surface and keeps flowing like a
liquid, it’s called lava. Lava is molten rock generated by geothermal energy and
expelled through fractures in planetary crust or in an eruption, usually at
temperatures from 700 to 1,200 °C (1,292 to 2,192 °F). The structures resulting
from subsequent solidification and cooling are also sometimes described as
lava. The molten rock is formed in the interior of some planets, including Earth,
and some of their satellites, though such material located below the crust is
referred to by other terms.
Magmas vary in their chemical composition, which gives them—and the
volcanoes that contain them—different properties. Mafic magmas like those in
Hawaii tend to form when the heavier crust that forms the ocean floor melts.
They contain between 47 to 63 percent silica, the mineral that makes up glass
and quartz. Silicic magmas, on the other hand, tend to form when the lighter
continental crust melts. These magmas are more than 63 percent silica, which
makes them more viscous: At their runniest, silicic magmas flow about as well
as lard orcaulk—which is to say not well at all. They’re also cooler than mafic
magmas. Rhyolite, an especially silica-rich type of lava, hits temperatures
between only 1,200 degrees to 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit.
When silicic magmas are no longer confined under sufficiently high pressure,
the gases dissolved within them come out of solution and form bubbles. And
just like opening a shaken-up can of soda, the resulting rush of vapor triggers an
explosive eruption. Iconic cone-shaped volcanoes called stratovolcanoes, such
as Mount Pinatubo, are loaded with silicic magmas. Hawaii’s volcanoes, on the
other hand, contain especially low-silica magmas made of basalt, which means
they have much less explosive oomph. Instead, they ooze and spatter, creating
shield volcanoes—gently sloped formations that have become the islands’
signature geologic silhouette.
5. What is the appropriate title of the text above?
(A) The Explosive power of a volcano
(B) The Characteristic of Magma and Lava
(C) The Distinction of Magma and Lava
(D) The Pressure of Silicic Magmas as a Compostion of a Volcano
(E) The Composition of Magma and Lava Based on a Volcano Structure
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Judul yang tepat untuk wacana adalah mengenai perbedaan antara magma
(magma) dan lahar (lava). Hal ini terlihat dari kata kunci yang ada di paragraf
pertama di kalimat terakhir yang merupakan pernyataan tesis dari wacana yaitu
What’s the difference between magma and lava? Kemudian kalimat tersebut
dielaborasi di paragraf-paragraf selanjutnya.

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6. What is the motive of the writer to present the passage?

(A) To raise people awareness about the danger of volcanoe eruption
(B) To persuade the readers not to live nearby the area of volcano
eruption
(C) To describe the danger of volcanoe eruption through the composition
of magmas
(D) To straigthen people’s misconception about the difference of magma
and lava
 (E) To expose people’s lack of understanding about the terms of lava and
magma
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Wacana soal berbentuk report text yang memaparkan perbedaan antara
magma dan lava, dengan demikian dapat diduga bahwa motif penulis
memaparkan wacana soal adalah untuk meluruskan miskonsepsi masyarakat
akan perbedaan antara magma dan lava.

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7. Magmas vary in their chemical composition,..’

The sentence can be best restated with…
(A) the composition of magma can be differentiated through their
chemical compound
(B) the chemical structure of magma is different based on their
compostion
(C) the component of magma is made of chemical element
(D) the basic structure of magma can be seen from their chemical
component
(E) the nature of chemical compostion is based on magma variation
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Kalimat soal mengandung pengertian: ‘magma bervariasi dalam komposisi
kimiawinya’. Kalimat ini dapat diparafrasa menjadi ‘komposisi magma dapat
dibedakan melalui komposisi kimiawinya.’ (the composition of magma can be
differentiated through their chemical compound). Dengan demikian pernyataan
yang paling tepat adalah pilihan A. Pembahasan Soal UTBK 2019
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8. What is the difference of volcanoes in Hawaii from that of Mount

Pinatubo?
 (A) Mount Pinatubo is more destructive than Hawaii
(B) Volcanoes in Hawaii are less explosive power than that of Pinatubo
(C) Hawaii’s volcanoes are highly explosive than those of Mount Pinatubo
(D) Hawaii’s volcanones are loaded with silicic magmas.
(E) Mount Pinatubo is the islands who has signature geologic silhouette
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Perbedaan gunung merapi di Hawai dan Gunung Pinatubo adalah bahwa gunung
merapi di Hawaaii lebih rendah daya letusannya dibandingkan dengan yang ada
di Pinabuto karena mengandung magma silika yang rendah yang terbuat dari
basal. Informasi ini terdapat pada paragraf terakhir: … contain especially low-
silica magmas made of basalt, which means they have much less explosive
oomph

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9. In which paragraph does the author elaborate what imposes low or high
explosion of a volcano?
(A) Paragraph 2
(B) Paragraph 3
(C) Paragraph 4
(D) Paragraph 2 and 3
(E) Paragraph 3 and 4
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Paragraf yang membahas tentang hal yang menyebabkan tinggi rendahnya
sebuah letusan merapi adalah paragraf 4. Informasi tersebut terdapat pada
kalimat ‘And just like opening a shaken-up can of soda, the resulting rush of
vapor triggers an explosive eruption’. Gagasan ini kemudian dijelaskan oleh
kalimat-kalimat berikutnya yang menjelaskan bahwa yang menyebabkan
gunung merapi di Hawai memiliki daya letus yang rendah karena kandungan
magmanya.
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