Afes User Manual PDF

The computer program AFES and all associated documentation are proprietary and copyrighted products.
Worldwide rights of ownership rest with GS E&C.

Unlicensed use of the program or reproduction of the documentation in any form, without prior written
authorization from GS E&C, is explicitly prohibited.
While believed to be accurate, the information contained herein should never be utilized for any specific
engineering application without professional observance and authentication for its accuracy, suitability and
applicability by a competent and licensed engineer, architect or other qualified professionals.
AFES is a suite of proprietary computer programs of GS E&C. Although every effort has been made to ensure
the correctness of these programs, GS E&C will not accept responsibility for any mistake, error or misrepre-
sentation in or as a result of the usage of these programs.
Copyright GS E&C, Plant Division of AFES Global Work Team

Published January 2007
Further information and copies of this documentation may be obtained from:

GS E&C
GS Yeokjeon Tower, 537,
Namdaemun-Ro-5Ga,
Joong-Gu, Seoul, 100-722, Korea
C.P.O. Box 8345, Seoul, Korea
Phone: (82) 2-728-3696

FAX: (82) 2-728-1356
M/P: 82-10-7700-6885
e-mail: info@gsafes. com (for general questions)

e-mail: jbchoe@gsconst.co.kr (for technical support questions)
e-mail: sccho01@gsconst.co.kr (for technical support questions)
e-mail: jmlee01@gsconst.co.kr (for sales)
web Site : www.gsafes.com
Contents
This section includes discussion on the following topics:
1. General Information

2. Starting AFES
3. Create a Project
4. Setting Design Parameters
5. Creating a New Structure
6. Importing a Geometry Data
7. Creating Grouping (Foundation Modules)
8. Creating Tie-Girder
9. Entering Foundation Dimension
10. Setting Strip Data for Reinforcement Design
11. Foundation Reinforcement
12. Pile Array
13. Entering of Anchor Bolt/Box for Drawings and Material Quantities
14. Entering of Equipment Data
15. Load Case/Combination
16. Foundation Analysis and Design
17. Interactive Design
18. Exporting Construction Drawing to Popular CAD
19. Generation of Bill of Materials
20. AFES and PDS Integration
21. AFES and PDMS Integration
1. General Information
1.1 Overview
AFES is a comprehensive one-stop solution for all your foundation engineering and design needs. Due to AFES’s
capability to make reports, construction drawing including bar schedule, BOM and generation of 3D
CAD(PDS/PDMS) foundation modeling data, it is very powerful solutions for the analysis and design of all kinds
of foundation.
1.2 Background
Foundation design is usually done manually thus entailing large storage manpower needs, which is
uneconomical and in turn leads to difficulties in meeting quality requirements and deadlines.
The shortness of work period for project, frequent design changes of upstream parts, difficulties in assuming
the size of foundations for site and the need to check interference between foundation, underground piping,
and electrical cable trench, and coordination with other teams are some of the difficulties encountered during
the design stage of a project.
With the absence of a one-stop commercial solution that can solve the above mentioned problems, AFES is the
system that can produce all type of foundation analysis and design needed for the construction of foundations,
quickly and economically.
1.3 Application Area

Energy, Petrochemical, Refinery, Gas, Water Supply, Treatment and Recycling Plants
Residential, Commercial Buildings
We hope you enjoy your experience with AFES. If you have any questions or problems with the program,
Please visit our home page at http://www.gsafes.com or email us at info@gsafes.com,
jbchoe@gsconst.co.kr, sccho01@gsconst.co.kr, jmlee01@gsconst.co.kr
or msheo@gsconst.co.kr.
1.4 Hardware Requirement
The following are recommended as minimum hardware requirements.

- PC with Intel-Pentium IV or AMD processor.
- Graphics card and monitor with 1024x768 resolution, 256 color display (16-bit high color recommended).
For On-Board System without Graphical card, The resolution limits 1024x768 or lower resolution with 256
color display, or 16-bit high color.
- 128 MB RAM or higher.
- Windows 2000/XP operating system. Running it on Windows 95/98 systems is not working.
- Sufficient free space on the hard disk to save the program and data files.
A typical minimum is 500MB free space.
Note : Additional RAM and Video Memory will enhance the performance of AFES software.
1.5 Conventions used in this guide
Click – Press and release the primary mouse button on the designated item.
Click, hold and drag – Press and hold the mouse button while dragging to a specified location.
Double-Clicking - Quickly press and release the primary mouse button twice.
Select or Choose – Click the primary mouse button to select an item.
Enter – Press the Enter key on the keyboard or enter values in the fields.
Click OK or Click Cancel – Click on the work OK or Cancel on your screen.
1.6 Installation
The AFES is installed by using an easy-to-use installation program. During installation the files from the
installation CD are decompressed and copied to the appropriate locations on the hard disk. At the end of the
installation procedure, a new program group “Foundation Design iAFES” is automatically created in the program
sub-menu of the Start menu, and “iAFES Foundation” icon on the desktop as well.
1) Setup
a) SINGLE MACHINE INSTALL
To install AFES software on a single machine or if you have purchase a standalone license.
Please follow the installation directions in below procedure.
b) NETWORK MACHINE INSTALL

To install AFES software in a network with a hardware lock. Please follow the installation
directions included in the “Set_Up_AFES_Network_Lock_Driver_2006_09_18.doc” file included
on the CD.
2) Installation Manual
Offers the AFES installation procedure. Please follow the installation directions included in the
“AFES_Installation_2006_11_16.doc” file included on the CD.
3) User Manual
Offers the AFES user manual, Please follow the user manual included in the
“AFES_English_Manual.pdf” file included on the CD.
4) Brochure
In this option, you can view the information sheets about the AFES program.
5) Lock Driver
You can select type of Lock to be used in your machine when running the program.
6) Browse CD
Windows Explorer will be shown and this can be done by clicking on the file of the CD.
7) Close
Close installation work
1) Setup
AFES Installation Main Window.
- Place CD in CD-ROM Drive.

On this Main installation menu, choose one from the choices shown. The options presented on the
screen are discussed below:
- Close all application programs before installing AFES and then select AFES Install command figure
above.
- AFES is automatically installed if you place CD in. ( Do not keep pressing [Shift] while placing CD.)
- If automatic Installation is not working, follow the steps below. Choose ‘Run’ from ‘Start’ Window
Menu, and indicate ‘CD-ROM Drive.’ Input ‘Path’ and ‘Setup’ as follow.
E:\Install (When CD-ROM Drive is specified as E:)
- Typically, an InstallShield Wizard screen appears as shown in the figure below, then click “Next”
command.
Installation Wizard
Note : In Windows 2000 and XP systems, you have to log in with an administrative rights before
commencing installation.
- License Agreement
Review the statement. If you acknowledge the terms and conditions of the agreement, select I accept the
terms of the license agreement or if you don’t acknowledge the terms and conditions of the license
agreement, choose I do not accept the terms of the license agreement.
License Agreement
- Selection of Installation Folder
You may install the program in any folder of your choice, default folder name is supplied to you as
shown in figure below. Choose next to accept the default destination folder or choose change to
specify a different directory where you want AFES to be installed then click “Next” button. To quit
installation, click “Cancel” button. To install to a different folder, click “Change” install to another folder.
Default folder name is supplied to you as shown in Figure below.
EX )with path c:\Program Files\GS_AFES\AFES 2.5

Selection of installation Folder
- Ready to Install the AFES program
Choose “Install” to start installation, choose “Back” to change any settings of the
previous steps or click “Cancel” to terminate installation.
Reddy to Install the Program
- Installation Process
Start Copying Files
- Setup Status
Wait while copying files to destination folder.
- Selection of Hardware Lock Type
If you choose software license with authorization code, click on the “Cancel” button.
Choose one from the Hard Lock type selections based from the lock supplied to you.
You can see the name of the lock printed on it.
Selection of Hardware Lock Type
Network Lock refers to a system that supports simultaneous multiple-user access. Please follow the
installation directions included in the “Set_Up_AFES_Network_Lock_Driver_2006_09_18.doc” file
included on the CD.
If you do not have a lock key for AFES, the program will only work in demonstration mode.
- Installation of AFES Lock Driver files.
Installation Process
- Finish lock driver
The window below will display after finishing installation of Lock Driver. Click “Finish” command button.
Finish Lock Driver

- Completion of installation
When the installation is complete, the window below will appear. Click “Finish” command button.
Completion of Installation
- AFES Shotcut/Desktop Icon
After the installation is completed, you can see AFES icon as shown in figure
below in your desktop. Please restart your computer to update any changes made.
AFES Icon
- Running AFES program
Click on the “AFES 2006” icon from the Foundation Design AFES group as shown in figure below to
start AFES program.
Starting AFES Program
The AFES screen appears as shown in figure below.
The AFES program Screen

2) Hard Lock
In case you do not have AFES lock, please do the following. From the screen shown below, select “Set
Authorization Code (30-days trial …)”.
Set Serial Authorization Code
a) Authorization Code
Choose one from the selection of Authorization Code then click Ok.
If you select “30 days Trial” option, you are only permitted to use the program in 30 days.
then click “Ok” button.
If you have a serial license for AFES program, Choose “Request Authorization” or
“Register from file”, then click “Ok” button.
Selection of Authorization Code
After selecting an option, click “Ok” button.

The Request Authorization window will appear to your screen as shown in figure below.
If you are available internet, input “Customer Information” then click on the “Request”
command button. After automatically received your mail through the internet, we will approve
of your request to run one year dealer version.
If you aren’t available internet, click on the “Save As” command button after completing the
“Customer Information” to save the file in a directory on your computer. Also you can choose
a different directory if you like. A file dialog box displays then you want to save the file to disk.
Please send this file to jbchoe@gsconst.co.kr or msheo@gsconst.co.kr so that we may
provide you with a license key to run AFES. After received your mail, we will send the license
file. Starting AFES, “Authorization” dialog will display as shown in Figure above (=Selection of
Authorization Code).
Select the “Register from file” options then file dialog displays. Choose license file in the file
selected dialog that display. Upon successful completion of serial license version, then the
AFES main dialog is displayed.
The AFES screen appears as shown in figure below.
The AFES program Screen

1.7 Basis of Foundation Design
The following assumptions from the basis of foundation design procedures used by AFES.
- The program designs a spread and pile supported foundation.
- All piers and footings are assumed to be rigid with respect to load, soil bearing and pile load
distribution purposes.
- All loads at the top of pier are assumed to act the center of the pier.
- Factored soil bearing pressure required for obtaining bending moment in the foundation is determined based
on uni-axial in each strip separately.
- To determine the shears and bending moments in the foundation, the foundation is divided into many strips
and the values are calculated at critical and maximum conditions.
1.8 Input and Output File
The file names used for Structural Calculation, Construction Drawing, 3D CAD Modeling Data, Bill of Materials
and import/export data are as follows;
1) Input Data File

Name Description File Format
iAfesanalysis.mdb File that manages files needed in foundation design Microsoft Access
Store Data per project
iAfesconst.mdb File that stores design parameters needed in design Microsoft Access
Store Data per project
iAfesdefault.mdb File that stores default data needed in foundation Microsoft Access
design
iAfesproject.mdb File that stores project information Microsoft Access
Section_Diag.mdb File that stores section information Microsoft Access
Note : The above files saved in a file located in your program “Data” and “DataBase” directory (the
program “Data” and “DataBase” directory where AFES is installed on the client machine).
2) Output Data File

a) Structural Calculation Sheet

file.pdf Structural calculation sheet can be saved to pdf, html Acrobat
file.html file. Internet Explore
file.rtf
b) Construction Drawing

file.dwg The drawing can be saved to dwg, dxf. AutoCAD, MIcroStation
file.dxf
c) Take Off Bill of Materials

file.pdf BOM sheet can be saved to pdf file. AutoCAD, MicroStation
file.html
d) 3D CAD Modeling Data

file.mtl PDS 3D CAD modeling data can be saved to PDS FrameWorks Plus
mtl(=ASCII) file. : INTERGRAPH
file.mac PDMS 3D CAD modeling data can be saved to PDMS : AVEVA
mac(=ASCII) file
e) Import/Export Data

file.txt Structure, group and load combination data export to
text file and import is allowed.
1.9 AFES Program Theory
AFES program has the facility to obtain results of the Conventional and Finite Element Method(=FEM) for
foundation analysis and design. The user may use one of the two design methods stated above.
1) Conventional Rigid Method

The purpose of a footing is to transfer safely to the ground the dead load of the superstructure
(=weight), and all other external forces acting upon it. The type of foundation is also influenced,
though to a lesser degree, by the geographical location and climatic of the site, frozen depth, etc.
AFES performs a complete structural analysis and design of foundations as following below. The
program uses the following criteria.
AFES use two types of load combinations ; Service(=Unfactored Load) and Design(=Factored Load).
Service load combinations are used to calculate the soil and pile capacity, overturning moment, and
sliding forces for comparison with allowable soil and pile capacity defined in the Setting of Constant
window. Design load combinations are used to design the footing and pedestal for flexural and shear
as per chosen building code.
1) Conventional Rigid Method

a) Soil Bearing Pressure (Shallow Foundation)
b) Pile Capacity (Deep Foundation)
c) Overturning Moment (Shallow Foundation)
d) Sliding Force (Shallow Foundation)
e) Shear and Flexural Design (no shear reinforcing assumed)
f) Two way Shear Design
g) Design of Piers
a) Soil Bearing Pressure (Shallow Foundation)

AFES calculates the soil bearing pressure for all service load (=unfactored load) combinations
from the allowable soil pressure evaluated by principles of soil mechanics. Any eccentricities,
additional bending moments and/or horizontal shears shall be considered in the evaluation of
the maximum edge pressures.
Soil pressure under the footing is assumed to be linear. For eccentrically loaded footings, the
soil pressure may become tension under the part of the footing. In such cases the program
set pressure values in uplift zones to zero and calculates new values for the revised
equilibrium condition due to “Hand Book of Concrete Engineering” edited by Mark Fintel.
The maximum soil pressure should not exceed the allowable bearing defined in the Setting of
Constant criteria window. AFES supports biaxial and uniaxial soil bearing pressure analysis.
Qa >= ΣV_appl / Af ± ΣMx / Zx for Uniaxial

Qa >= ΣV_appl / Af ± ΣMy / Zy for Uniaxial
Qa >= ΣV_appl / Af ± ΣMx / Zx ± ΣMy / Zy for Biaxial
Where,
Zx = 1/6 x Lx x Ly2, Zy = 1/6 x Ly x Lx2 : Section Modulus, Af : Footing Area
b) Pile Capacity (Deep Foundation)

The user provides the following pile parameters such as representative pile name, type of pile,
diameter, length, thickness, elastic modulus, area, allowable Vertical/Lateral/ Uplift pile
capacity. Based on these parameters, program calculates the maximum pile capacity. The
maximum pile capacity should not exceed the allowable pile capacity. AFES supports biaxial
and uniaxial pile bearing capacity analysis.
Ha_pile > = ΣH(i)x_appl / N_pile for Uniaxial

Ha_pile > = ΣH(i)y_appl / N_pile for Uniaxial
Ha_pile > = √(ΣH(i)x_appl2 + ΣH(i)y_appl2) / N_pile for Biaxial
Va_pile > = ΣV_appl / N_pile + ΣMx_appl x Y(i)/ ∑Xi2 for Uniaxial
Va_pile > = ΣV_appl / N_pile + ΣMy_appl x X(i)_x / ∑Yi2 for Uniaxial
Va_pile > = ΣV_appl / N_pile + ΣMx_appl x Y(i) / ∑Xi2 + ΣMy_appl x X(i) / ∑Yi2 for Biaxial
Where,
Ha_pile : Allowable horizontal pile capacity, Va_pile : Allowable vertical pile capacity
ΣH(i)x_appl, ΣH(i)y_appl : Total horizontal load, ΣV_appl : Total vertical load
N : Total number of piles
ΣMx_appl, ΣMy_appl : Applied bending moment about X and Y axis
X(i), Y(i) : Distance from X and Y axis to the farthest pile
∑Xi2 ,∑Yi2 : Pile group moment of inertia about X and Y axis
c) Overturning Moment.
Overturning moments are those applied moments and shears that seek to cause the footing
to become unstable and turn over. Resisting moments are those moments that resist
overturning and seek to stabilize the footing. The overturning moment safety factor is the
sum of resisting moments divided by the sum of overturning moments. Safety factors defined
in the Setting of Constant criteria window. The Resisting moment is overturning moment from
the vertical forces such as applied loads, self weight and soil weight and overturning moment
resulting from the external applied shears and moments and the summation of all these
forces becomes the overall overturning moment at the edge of footing. The overturning
moment safety factor is calculated as the resisting moment divided by
overturning moment. Calculation of overturning moment is evaluated about all edges of the
footing in the service (=unfactored) load combinations for both X and Y directions.
d) Sliding Force
Considering ΣV and ΣH at the bottom of footing, it is obvious that ΣH will cause a tendency
for the foundation to slide at the bottom of footing, which is prevented by the friction that is
mobilized, the maximum value of which is ΣV(=summation of vertical forces) multiplied by the
coefficient of friction between the footing and the soil below. The sliding factor of safety
(=FS) against can be stated as follows; FS = ΣV x µ / ΣH. The maximum value of FS normally
specified is 1.5. For coarse-grained soils free from silt, µ may be taken as 0.55, while for
coarse-grained soils with silt the same may be taken as 0.45. For pure silt the value goes
down to 0.35. Calculation of sliding forces is evaluated at the bottom of footing in the service
(=unfactored) load combinations for both X and Y directions.
For additional sliding resistance you may enter and select the passive resistance of the soil,
also applies this value in the both directions.
e) Shear and Flexural Design (no shear reinforcing assume)

Self weight of concrete and overburden of soil normally do not include flexural and shear in
the footing because the footing is continuously supported by the soil beneath it. A buried
footing resting on a continuous soil bed. Typically it is not included in the design load
combinations but the self weight and overburden of soil automatically included in the service
load combinations.
The design codes available in AFES are as follows:

- ACI318, Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (USA)
- BS 8110 (1997), British Standard for Reinforced Concrete Design (England)
- IS 456 (2000), Plain and Reinforced Concrete-Code of Practice (Indian)
- KCI-USD99, Korean Concrete Institute of Concrete Design (Korea)
-KCI-USD2000 (SI Units) , Korean Concrete Institute of Concrete Design (Korea)
f) Flexural Design
In the footing design, the reinforcement required for a footing is computed based on the
resulting bending moments at the bottom of footing. In addition, selected reinforcing bars
and spacing are computed for the required reinforcing steel area based on the ranges of
rebar sizes and spacing specified by the user.
The flexural design of footing calculates the maximum moment and required steel for each
strip and for each design load combination. To select the required flexural reinforcing steel of
the footing, AFES considers moments at the face of the pedestal on all four sides.
The minimum reinforcing ratio calculates the design code for shrinkage and temperature
reinforcement. Strength reduction factor can be entered in the Setting of Constant window.
Proportioning the pile cap involves satisfying the one way shear and bending moment
requirements at the applicable critical sections in accordance with building concrete design
code.
g) Shear Design
One way shear (=Beam Action) in accordance with design code at distance of d or d/2 from
the face of pedestal in both directions. The d is the distance from the top of the footing to the
centerline of the reinforcing steel. The d distance value calculates as follows; Footing
thickness – the rebar cover – half the main bar diameter of the footing. The critical plane is
assumed to extend over the entire width or entire width per length of the footing. AFES
checks shear assuming only the concrete to resists the applied shear; the contribution of the
reinforcing steel to shear resistance is ignored.
h) Two Way Shear Design

Critical section for two way shear is perimeter (=bo), a distance d/2 or d from around the
supported member in accordance with design code.
i) Design of Piers
AFES can design the shear and reinforcement for the piers. For shear design in either
direction, AFES presents the required vertical and tie bar and spacing. Also given are the
concrete and steel contributions to resisting shear. The total factored load value is listed. For
flexure, AFES uses a rectangular stress block, and considers slenderness effects. AFES
presents the required vertical reinforcement assuming an equal distribution of bars. AFES
does not account for the development length required and the provided development length
for reinforcing if it is not hooked or bent into the footing.
2) Finite Element Method (FEM)

The AFES analysis is based on the hybrid finite element method with the thin plate modeling as footing.
Footings are automatically discretized into well formed quadrilateral and triangular elements at a
specified mesh size. Beams are automatically discretized. Soil response is achieved by employing non-
linear spring (=compressing only) supports to model subgrade reactions. Pile reactions, if present are
proportional to linear displacements of the supported node and include both compression and tension.
Also program calculates internal forces and deflections for all slabs and beams elements of the
foundation. This information is used in the design stage of the program.
The following is a list of the items included in the element stress output;
SQX, SQY : Shear stresses (Force / Unit length / Thickness)
MX, My : Bending moment per unit width (Moment / Unit length)
The element outputs are available at the center point of the element or all corner nodes of the element.
All element stress outputs are in the local coordinate system.
2. Starting AFES
To start AFES, first click on the Windows “Start” button. Second, select the “Programs” option, and then select
the “Foundation Design AFES” program group. Finally click on the “AFES 2006” program.
Or you can just click on the desktop window screen as shown in figure below.
or
Starting AFES
When you first start AFES, the main window displays the “Project Data Window”. You may start a New Project
or an existing project.
AFES will start with menus or icons, and every input data can be saved and managed as per project
Menu Working Dialog

Icon Toolbar Model View Window
AFES Main Dialog Window

Procedure for analysis and design of foundation in AFES program is as follows.
AFES Input Procedure

3. Create a Project
To open the existing project, or create a new project,

Function:
Click on the “New/Open Project” from Top toolbar menu
or
From the Main Menu select File > New/Open Project
then “Project Dialog Window” as below is displayed.
or
Click on the “New Project” option box to create a new project for designing the foundation or click on the
number of project from below list box to open an existing project for designing the foundation.
Existing a project
on the list dialog box
Creating a New Project
3.1 Creating a New Project for a Foundation
The first step is to enter project specific items. These items include general data, client data and Job data about
a project. General data includes project No. Project Name, Client Name, Site Name, any more. The client data
includes your client manager name, e-mail, number of telephone and fax, address. Job data includes assigned
engineer, supervisor, duration of project, project rate that values the program needs to use for the specific
project.
The Project Number and Structure Name entered in Project Information will display as a menu header
Note: General Data should be input. This data needs to use for the specific project.
Input Project Information
After inputting the project data as figure above, click “OK” command button.
“TEST-ACI” folder is generated in directory of AFES program. Input data is automatically saved in a file located
in AFES “DataBase” and “Data” directory as follows. AFES directory is installed on the client machine.
Existing projects are included in your program as defaults. You can open these examples to view the entered
data and the results of foundation design. Please select a project of most interest to you to become familiar
with the project and the process.
File Window Explorer of AFES Project DB
4. Setting Design Parameters
4.1 Main Functions

Setting of constants options include design information that AFES needs in order to design a foundation. This
includes a number of parameters such as design code, safety factor, bearing capacity of soil, capacity of pile,
material and unit weight, clear cover, allowable increase of soil, allowable increase of pile, strength reduction
factors, supports and anchor bolt options.
To set user defined “Setting of Constant”, Click the “Setting of Constant” icon from top toolbar menu or you
may start a setting of constant from Design Parameters/Setting of Constants menu.
A setting of constant dialog window will open as shown in the following figure. The “Setting of Constant” dialog
window displays various tabs.
This dialog box displays eleven (11)-tabbed panels as below.
1) Tabs
• Code
• Safety Factor
• Bearing Capacity of Soil
• Capacity of Pile
• Material and Unit Weight
• Clear Cover
• Allowable Increase of Soil
• Allowable Increase of Pile
• Strength Reduction Factors
• Supports
• Anchor Bolt
The data input in the Setting of Constant dialog can later be used in the analysis, design and drawings
of foundation. The current “Setting of Constant” is used only within a specific project. You can use
“Setting of Constant” in a similar project by using “Export” and “Import” command button as figure
below.
4.2 Code
1) Concrete Design Codes

AFES supports the following concrete design code. Choose the concrete design code by clicking on the
appropriate one. For example, “American Concrete Institute (ACI 318)”, output is printed out in
“Imperial” units, if you choose “American Concrete Institute (ACI 318 : Metric)”, output is printed out
in “Metric” units.
AFES now supports seven concrete design codes for foundation design as follows;
- American Concrete Institute (ACI 318)
- Korean Concrete Institute (KCI-USD99)
- British Standard (BS 8110)
- American Concrete Institute (ACI 318 : Metric)
- Korean Concrete Institute (KCI-USD : SI)
- Indian Code IS456(2000)
- American Concrete Institute (ACI 318 : SI)
2) Unit System
AFES supports three unit systems for input and Output; IMPERIAL(=ENGLISH), MKS and SI.
You can select in one system of units and view the results in another system of units.
Choose your input and output units by clicking on the appropriate options.
Design Code Input Units Output Units Remark

ACI 318 MKS, English, SI English -
ACI318(Metric) MKS MKS -
KCI-USD99 MKS, English, SI MKS -
BS8110 MKS, English, SI SI -
IS456(2000) SI SI -
KCI318(SI) SI SI -
ACI318(SI) SI SI -
3) Horizontal Force
Horizontally loaded force including wind and seismic force can be automatically computed in AFES for
foundation design of machinery which covers a vertical vessel, exchanger, small tank and large storage
tank. Horizontal drum and sphere equipment. To figure out the horizontal load, the user needs to input
common and certain information. There are several kinds of design codes for horizontally loaded force.
Choose each code by clicking from the “Applied wind load” and “Applied seismic load” combo box.
AFES only prints out the following horizontal force code in structural calculation sheet. But in the near
the future, we will develop in accordance with following codes.
No Wind Load Seismic Load

1 None None
2 ASCE 7-98 By factored Value
3 UBC 1997 ASCE 7-98
4 AIK 2000 UBC 1997
5 BS 6399 Part 2 AIK 2000
6 ASCE 7-95 ASCE 7-95
7 ASCE 7-02 API 650 Appendix E
8 ASCE 7-05 IBC 2003
9 IBC 2006 ASCE 7-02
10 - ASCE 7-05
11 - IBC 2006
4.3 Safety Factor for Stability

1) Function
Safety factors that generally need to be under consideration for serviceability and stability are
Overturning Moment, Sliding Force and Uplift Force. The friction factor is used for Sliding force.
Note that you can enter the factor value in the text fields and change the description.
After entering all the required data, click “save” button to save the information.
2) Command button
Select and enter appropriate values in the text box displayed and then click “save” button. The entered
new data will not be saved when not pressing the “save” button and the previous data can be restored
by the “cancel” button as long as the new data has not been saved.
Note that this safety factor will be selected in the “Load combination” dialog box.
The following list generally accepted and previously applied safety factors in the tabulated
form
a) Indian Local Spec.
Title Overturning Sliding Uplift
1 Erection 1.5 1.5 1.2
2 Operation & Testing 1.5 1.5 1.2
b) Iran Local Spec. 1

1 Erection for Rectangular Footing 1.5 1.5 1.2
2 Operation & Testing for Rect. Footing 1.5 1.5 1.5
3 Erection for Octagonal &Round footing 1.5 1.5 1.2
4 Operation & Testing for Oct.&Round Footing 1.5 1.9 1.5
Note: For overturning Moment, the above safety factors provide for a minimum area of
footing under compression of 50% for erection and 67% operation & test.
For Uplift Force, factor of safety against uplift shall be not less than 1.5 for operation plus
wind or earthquake and nor less than1.2 erection plus wind.
c) Iran Local Spec. 2
1 Erection 1.5 1.5 1.2
2 Operation 2 1.5
3 Test 1.5 1.5
4 Shutdown 2.0 1.5
5 Accidental 1.5 1.2
d) KCI-Usd99(Retain wall)
1 Normal 2.0 1.5 1.5
e) NODCO PARSON(=Qatar) Local Spec. (BS)

1 Erection 1.5 1.5 2.0
2 All other conditions 2.0 1.5 2.0
f) EGP-3 CHEVRON Local Spec.

1 Erection & Test 1.4 1.2
2 Operation & Shutdown 1.75 1.2
g) Widely accepted static friction coefficients of earth against concrete.

Title Friction coefficients
1 Silt 0.35
2 Silty Sand, Silty Gravel 0.45
3 Sand, Gravel 0.55
4 Rock 0.60
4. 4 Bearing Capacity of Soil
1) Function
To set soil parameters; click on the “Bearing Capacity of Soil” tab in the setting of Constant dialog
box. Enter appropriate values in the field displayed: Soil bearing capacity, water level, frost depth,
internal friction angle. The maximum number of soil bearing capacity is 100. Allowable increase of soil
in capacities due to the short terms loads will be considered in Allowable increase of soil panel.
Choose appropriate option by clicking “Yes” or “No” to consider Buoyancy and Passive Soil Pressure.
2) Command button
To add different types of soil area to a project click the “New” button and enter certain values on each
blank for designed contents, then click “Save” button. Now the saved information is shown on the
bottom of the setting of constant window in the listed form.
If former saved data needs to be deleted, the user can select the soil name that will be removed on
the spread sheet and click the “Delete” button.
Select and enter appropriate values in the text box displayed and then click the “Save” button. The
applied values can be gone without being saved, and then the former data can be restored with the
“Cancel” button.
Note: You can calculate the Bearing Capacity by the Calculation option.
Click Calcul. button, the “Soil Bearing Capacity” dialog box displays.
Enter the appropriate data in each panel: foundation, soil and load. Then click the “calculation” button.
AFES supports five methods to calculate the soil bearing capacity by Terzaghi, meyerhof, Hansen, Vesic
and Bearing capacity from SPT. The calculated soil bearing capacity will be displayed in the “Output”
panel.
The following tables have information on maximum allowable bearing capacity of soil usually and widely
accepted by books and references. The unit is presented in ton/m^2.
Soil Qa Soil Qa
Granite 500 Gravel and rock with 20-40
Sandstone 250 sand
Medium sandstone 80 Sand 20~40
Gravel 50 Silty sand 15~30
Medium size Gravel 30 Clay 10~20
Sandy Gravel 30~50 Silt, Clay 5~10
4. 5 Capacity of Pile
1) Function
In the design of pile foundation, the user can make AFES recognize types of piles and their material
and structural characteristics on the Capacity of Pile tab. Piles are offered in AFES in seven types that
driven pipe, pc, phc piles, cast in place piles, and prebored pipe, pc and phc piles. The sectional
shapes of piles supported by AFES are square and circle.
Choose or enter appropriate values in the field displayed: pile type, pile diameter, pile thickness, pile
length, allowable capacity, elastic modulus and pile area. Allowable increase of pile in capacities due to
short term loads will be considered in the Allowable increase of pile panel.
2) Command button
To add different types of pile to a project, click the “New” button and enter certain values on each
blank for designed contents. Then click the “Save” button. Now the saved information is shown in the
bottom of the setting of constant window in the listed form.
If former saved data needs to be deleted, the user can select the soil name that will be removed on
the spread sheet and click the “Delete” button.
Select and enter appropriate values in the text box displayed and then click “Save” button. The
applied values can be gone without being saved whereas the former data can be restored with the
“Cancel” button
Reference #1. Widely used PHC and steel piles in Korea are designed and produced with capability and sizes
listed in the following table.
Piles Diameters Ra (Vertical) Ha Ua (Uplift)
(Horizontal)
PHC Conc. Plie φ 400mm 70~80 ton/ea 3.0 ton/ea 5.0 ton/ea
PHC Conc. Plie φ 500mm 80~90 ton/ea 5.0 ton/ea 7.0 ton/ea
Steel Pile (t=9mm) φ 400mm 80~90 ton/ea 5.0 ton/ea 8.0 ton/ea
Steel Pile (t=9mm) φ 500mm 90~100 ton/ea 5.0 ton/ea 8.0 ton/ea
From the table, Ra means vertical allowable capacity per one pile. As for Ha, allowable capacity of a pile, 5mm
shift of piles subjected to horizontal force is allowed. The head of piles is considered the head type.
Reference #2. The length of piles largely accepted is as follows in the table below.
Pile types Pile length (m)
10m 20m 30m 40m 50m
Driven Pile RC Pile
Pc Pile
Steel Pile
Cast-in-situ Pile Earth drill Pile
Benoto Pile
Reverse Pile
Pipe Pile
4. 6 Material and unit weight
1) Function
Through the “Material and Unit Weight menu, the user can specify material parameters that shall be
applied in the analysis. The parameters focus on concrete and steel. For concrete, the compressive
strength, unit weight and modulus of elasticity can be adjusted. Reinforcements are taken into account
in accordance with the types of bar, yield strength and modulus of elasticity. The unit weight of soil can
also be stipulated.
Choose or enter appropriate values in the field displayed: compressive strength of concrete, yield
strength of reinforcement, unit weight, using bars, and modulus of elasticity.
2) Command button
applied values can be gone without being saved whereas the previous data can be restored with the
Note: AFES supports the following bar types.

• ASTM A615
• KS D 3504
• BS 4449
• SAUDI ARABIAN
• TS 708
• ES 272-74
• TIS 2527
• IS HSD
Choose the using bar type by clicking from the “Select using bar type” combo box.
4. 7 Concrete covers
1) Function
To set concrete covers parameters, click on the “Concrete Covers” tab in the setting of constant
dialog box. It is necessary to specify the minimum depth of clear covers for design and drawings.
The clear cover menu is largely divided into two groups, one for footing and piers and the other for tie-
girders. Enter appropriate values in the field displayed: S, S1, P.CL, F.CL, F.CLT, F.CLB, FP.CLB, PL.CL,
TG.CL, TG.CL2, TG.CL3, TG.CL4 in the pier, footing, and tie-girders.
2) Command button
Note: On the concrete covers menu, concrete cover in the pier, tie-girder implies concrete cover from
the outside edge of pier and tie-girder tie-bar to edge of concrete face. The concrete cover implies
clear distance between the edge of rebar and the edge of concrete.
Reference #1. The extension of clear cover is described accordingly in reference to different codes below.
a) ACI318-02, 7.7 Concrete Protection for Reinforcement (Non-pre-stressed)

Contents Value (inch)
Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth 3
Concrete exposed to earth or weather
No.6 through No.18 bars 2
No.5, w31 or D31 wire and smaller 1-1/2
Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground
Slabs, Walls, Joists
No.14 and No.18 bars 1-1/2
No.11 and smaller 3/4
Beams, Columns
Primary reinforcement, ties, stirrups, spirals 1-1/2
Shells, Folded plate members
No.6 bar and larger 3/4
No.5 bar, W31 or D31 wire and smaller 1-1/2
b) KCI2000 5.4 Concrete Protection for Reinforcement

Contents Value (cm)
Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth 8
Concrete exposed to earth or weather
D29 bar and larger 6
D29 bar and smaller 6
D16 bar and smaller or Dia 16mm wire 4
Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground
Slabs, Walls, Joists
D35 bar and larger 4
D35 bar smaller 2
Beams, Columns 4
Shells, Folded plate members 2
The next figure helps to understand the definition of clear cover and spacing.
4. 7 Allowable Increase of Soil

1) Function
Soil subjected to short-term loads like wind and seismic can be increased in vertical capacity by certain
degrees. In consideration of this increase of soil bearing pressure, allowable increase soil factor can be
taken on the “Allowable Increase Factor of Soil menu. The factors usually can be out by geotechnical
studies and may be considered in the perspective of wind, earthquake and test load. To apply the
increased factors for design, they need to be set up in the dialog of load combination that will be
described later.
2) Command button
Note: As for short-term external force, allowable increase factor is prohibited as long as reduction
factors are already considered.
Ex) 0.75 x (1.4DL + 1.7LL + 1.7WL)
Typically accepted increase factors are as follows:

• LIBYA
Foundation subject to stresses produced by a combination of wind or earthquake loads with dead, live,
impact and vibration loads shall be proportioned for stresses 33% greater than basic allowable stresses
specified by the ACI code.
Allowable unit stresses for the design of foundations supporting process equipment may be 20%
during the hydrostatic testing of equipment, under static test load.
• TEXAS ABB
The allowable unit stress may be increased by 20%. Do not included earthquake combined with test
loads. Use 25%of wind load combined with test load.
4. 8 Allowable Increase of Pile
1) Function
As described in the previous chapter, increase factors of soil are explained an applied in design of soil
foundations. Likewise, pile foundations can have factors increased. These factors are related to
horizontal, vertical and uplift capacity. The factors typically give by geotechnical studies and may be
considered in the wind, earthquake and test load. To apply the increased factors for design, they need
to be set up in the section of Load Combination that will be described later.
2) Command button
Note: As for short-term external force, allowable increase factor is prohibited as long as reduction
factors are already taken.
Ex) 0.75 x (1.4DL + 1.7LL + 1.7WL)
4. 10 Strength Reduction Factors
1) Function
The design strength of a member refers to nominal strength calculated in accordance with
requirements from design codes by a strength reduction factor. The strength reduction factors are
taken for the following purpose: to allow for the probability of under strength members due to
variations in material strength and dimension, to allow for inaccuracies in the design equations, to
reflect the degree of ductility and required reliability of the members under the load effects being
considered, and to reflect the importance of the member in the structure. The Strength Reduction
Factors menu is displayed below.
2) Command button
applied values can be gone without being saved, and then the former data can be come up with the
Reference #1. The presented tables below show strength reduction factors according to countries
and projects already completed.
a) ACI 318-02 9.3.2

Description Factors
Tension-Controlled sections 0.90
Compression-Controlled section
Members with spiral reinforcement conforming to 10.9.3 0.70
Others reinforced members 0.65
Shear and torsion 0.75
Bearing on concrete (except for post tensioned anchorage zones) 0.65
Post-tensioned and anchorage zones 0.85
Strut tie models (Appendix A) 0.75
b) KCI 2000 3.3.3

Description Factors
Bending moment, Bending moment with Axial tension
Reinforced members 0.85
Pre-stressed concrete members 0.85.
Axial tension 0.8
Axial compression, Bending moment with Axial compression
a) Members with spiral reinforcement 0.75
b) Others reinforced members 0.70
In compression-controlled section, ΦPn < (ΦPb, 0.1fckAg), Φ is
calculated by interpolation method with each value: a),b),and Pn=0..
Shear and torsion 0.65
Bearing on concrete 0.85
Plain concrete 0.75
c) BS8110-97 (Partial Safety factor for strength of materials)

Description Factors
Concrete in Flexure (γm) 1.50
Concrete in Axial Load (γm) 1.50
Reinforcement (γm) 1.05
Shear Strength without shear Reinforcement (γm) 1.25
d) CSA-A23-94 (Resistance Factor)
Description Factors
Concrete (Φc) 0.65
Reinforcement Bar (Φs) 0.85
Member (Φm) 0.75
e) Euro code2 (Partial Safety factor for strength of materials)

Description Factors
Long Term Load : Concrete (γc) 1.5
Long Term Load : Steel Reinforcement or Pre-stressing Tendons (γs) 1.15
Short Term without Seismic Load : Concrete (γc) 1.30
Short Term without Seismic Load : Steel Reinforcement or Pre-stressing 1.00
Tendons (γs)
f) IS456-2000 (Partial Safety factor for strength of materials)

Description Factors
Concrete (γm) 1.50
Steel (γm) 1.15
4. 11 Supports
1) Function
AFES program has the facility of the finite element method(=FEM) for foundation analysis and design.
To set supports condition parameters, click on the “Supports” tab in the setting of constant dialog
box. Soil foundations need to choose the “Elastic Mat” or “Plate Mat” options by clicking
Modulus of sub-grade reaction can be calculated by “Soil Support” button.
Click “Soil Support” to get the modulus. Enter or check appropriate values in the field displayed:
Allowable Soil Stress (qa), Long term, short term. Then click the “OK” button.
Note: See Joseph E. Bowels: Foundation Analysis and Design Page 503. The ks from allowable bearing
capacity furnished by the geotechnical consultant as follows;
Fps : ks = 12 x SF x qa kip/ft3
SI : ks = 40 x SF x qa kN/m3
Where SF=3.0(Long Term), 2.0(Short Term)

Qa= Allowable Bearing Capacity of Soil.
This equation is based on qa= qult/SF and ultimate soil pressure is at a settlement ∆H=0.0254m or 1
in.(1/12ft) and ks is qult/∆H. For ∆H =6,12,20mm,etc., the factor 40(ot12) can be adjusted to
160(or48), 83(or 24), 50(or 16), etc.; 40 is reasonably conservative but smaller assumed
displacements can always be used.
Pile foundations need to choose the “fixed But” button, then enter appropriate values in the field
displayed: KFX, KFY, KFZ, KMX, KMY, KMZ.
Note: Axial Spring Constant of Pile (kg/cm), Kv
Where, Ap : Net cross-sectional area of pile (㎠)

Ep : modulus of elasticity of pile material (㎏/㎠)
L : Length of pile (m)
D : diameter of pile (cm)
α : strength factor of pile
Type of Pile α
Driven Pipe Piles α=0.014(1/D)+0.78
Driven PC,PHC Piles α=0.013(1/D)+0.61
Cast=in-place Piles α=0.013(1/D)-0.15
Pre-bored Pipe Piles α=0.009(1/D)+0.39
Pre-bored PC,PHC Piles α=0.011(1/D)+0.36
2) Command button
“Cancel” button
4. 11 Anchor bolt
1) Function
AFES enables you use to different anchor bolt sizes for completing your foundation drawing. It
provides access to Metric and Unified (=English) bolt tables so that you can complete foundation
drawing using the appropriate bolt sizes. It is possible to change the name and size description in the
text fields.
2) Command button
Click “Export” button to add or modify the anchor bolt table then modified data table can be imported
by clicking “Import” button.
Figure 1-7
1) Command button
: In need of saving design constants for later use. A user can export data on the currently
applied design constant into a.txt format in AFES by clicking the “Export” button.
: To refer to previously formed design constants, a user can click the “Import” button, s
elect a file that will be applied and click the “OPEN” button. Then choose the “YES” button, through
which AFES brings up the information.
: To change the applied values conforming the Design Code and Input Unit.
: Select and enter appropriate values in the text box displayed and then click the “Save”
button.
: The applied values can be gone without being saved whereas the former data can be
restored with the “cancel” button.
: Click “Close” to close the “Setting of Constant” dialog box.

5. Creating a New Structure
Every input and output data can be saved in AFES Data Base according to projects, which provide work
efficiency in control over project information. An engineer is able to create a file for a new project, reuse data
from projects conducted previously, or eliminate old and useless data for the user’s own sake.
Structures Groups Footings or Piers
Hierarchy System of AFES Data Flow

To create structure for design of foundation, Click on the “Create New Structure” icon from top toolbar menu
or
From the Main Menu select File(F) > Create New Structure
or
Then the “Create a New Structure” dialog box will be opened.
It is entered in the text boxes on the “New Structure Name” in the form dialog below.
6. Geometry Data
6.1 Main Functions

The Geometry command is used to define the number of nodes and its coordinates for supports. It can be
defined manually through the “Add” command or by array arrangement through the “Wizard (New)” command.
Those nodes are then employed to be the piers or pedestals.
It also contains the Import command which is used in importing models from other programs such as Staad
(OpenStaad), Staad (Analysis output file), GT Strudl, SDNF, SAP200 V10, STRAP V12 and MIDAS/Gen V7.
The Geometry window can be entered and edited by the “Geometric Data” button from top toolbar icon.
Click on the icon called “Geometry Data” in the top toolbar Menu.
The “Geometry Data” dialog box will be opened.

The footing origin is at the lower left corner of the footing. You can use following various methods to do footing
geometry input.
6.2 Command Button

You can use following various methods to do footing geometry input and modify.
1) Add button
This command allows us to add nodes and define its coordinates manually by inputting values in the
boxes provided for.
a) Click the Add button to add a node.

b) Enter values for the X, Y and Z coordinates. Z is considered as the radial or vertical axis.
2) Wizard (New) button

As discussed earlier, this command enables us to define nodes and its coordinates as Rectangular or
Circular Array arrangements. This is very useful for foundations with regular layouts of piers.
a) Click the Wizard (New) button to access the node arrangement form.
b) Start Node no.
Enter value for the box provided. It will serve as the starting number for nodes. If some
nodes had been defined, the next number available will automatically appear in the box.
c) Start X
The X coordinates for the starting node.
d) Start Y
The Y coordinates for the starting node.
e) Select between Rectangular Array and Circular Array.
- For Rectangular Array:

- ft
The ft is the unit of measurement used. When using other units, it may appear differently such
as mm, etc. The purpose of this column is to specify the distance between nodes either for X
or Y directions accordingly.
- EA
The EA column lists the number of nodes for each direction.
- For Circular Array:
- Number
The Number is the number of nodes for a circular array arrangement.
- Circle Diameter
The Circle Diameter is the diameter of the circular array.
- Start Angle
The Start Angle is the angle of the first node from the positive Y axis in clockwise direction.
3) Add button
The Add button for this feature enables to add another nodes.
Note that you can define many Rectangular or Circular Array node arrangements by just repeating the
procedure as discussed above.
4) Delete button
This command enables us to delete nodes. Pick nodes by dragging your mouse in the node list then
click this button.
5) Import button
This command enables us to import models from other programs as mentioned earlier.
a) Click the Import button to access the command instructions in importing structures.
b) Select from the program list that can be found in the right side of the Import button.
c) Find the directory where the model is saved then select the file.
d) Click Open button. A window will appear as shown below.
e) Choose between Replace Geometry Data and Update Load Case/Combination
without Geometry Data.
- For Replace Geometry Data:

The Geometry data of your present AFES model shall be overwrote by the new structure.
However, you can choose if the load case and combinations shall also be replaced by the
Load Case/Combination import from calculation result command.
- Load Case/Combination import from calculation result

Put a check mark by a right click on your mouse on the small square box at the left side of
Load Case/Combination import from calculation result button to import the load cases and
load combinations from the calculation results of the structure. Uncheck the box if you don’t
want to import.
- Apply Foundation type

Select from the dropdown selection lists the foundation type you want to apply to your
footings. The selected type shall be applied to all foundations in the imported structure.
- For Update Load Case/Combination without Geometry Data:

By selecting this option, only the load cases and load combinations shall be imported.
- Start X Coordinate
The X coordinates for the first node
- Start Y Coordinate
The Y coordinates for the first node.
- OK button
The OK button enables us to save the imported structure to the present model.
6) Save button
This command enables to save all the input data completed in the Geometry Data form.
7) Close button
This command enables us to exit from this feature.
7. Create Grouping (Foundation Modules)
7.1 Main Functions

The Assign Foundation Grouping command is used for assigning group for models with multi-foundations. This
is very important because it eliminates repetitions of commands. Foundations with the same load combinations
are recommended to join in one group. Foundations with different group names do not necessarily mean they
have also different settings. The data defined in the Setting of Constants command remains common as long
as they belong to the same model. Only some features are different for each group such as the load cases and
load combinations.
The available foundation types and equipments are as follows;

The Structure Group window can be accessed by the Assign Foundation Grouping button.
7.2 Assigned Nodes

You can set the designations for the groups provided in this function.
1) Merge two groups with

You can merge two groups with this command. Note that only two groups can be combined at a time.
If you want to combine more than two groups, it can be done by joining two groups first then combine
again with another one group.
a) Click on the arrow at the right side of the Merge two groups with message.
he remaining groups will appear.
b) Choose from the selections you want to combine with the active foundation group.
A warning message will appear for confirmation.
c) Click Yes button. The two groups will be combined. You can confirm this by taking a look
on your screen.
2) Group Description
Set the details of every foundation group in this function by filling up the data presented.
a) up Name
When no Group Name has been defined, there will be no selection list from the drop
down menu. Assigning name to a group is as discussed below.
- Click New from the bottom tabs.
- The Group name box is ready for defining. Input a name you want to assign.
- Choose nodes you want to join from the Using node list selection.
- Click the arrow pointing to the right.

- Click Save button.
b) Group Type
You can only combine two groups with the same Group Type. Select from the drop down list
which consists of Isolated, Octagonal, Combined (X), Combined (Y), Heat_Excng, Tank_1,
Tank_2, Mat_Foundation and Irregular.
c) Block Foundation
Block Foundation refers to foundations without pier. Isolated, Mat and Irregular foundations
are not available for this type. This command function is only activated for Octagonal,
Combined (X), Combined (Y), Heat_Excng, Tank_1 and Tank_2. Put a check mark to assign
for the active group.
- None Pile Foundation

None Pile Foundation refers to soil foundations. Click this option to assign for the group.
- Pile Foundation
Pile foundation refers to foundations supported by piles. Click this option to assign for the
group.
- Different size (Each Foundation)

Use this option when you want different sizes for the foundations belong to a group. It will
reflect in the Feature Data (Dimension) command. The dimensions for every footing will
be defined independently.
- Same Size
Use this option when you want the same sizes for the foundations belong to a group. It will
reflect in the Feature Data (Dimension) command. When you define descriptions for one
of the footings, it will automatically duplicate to the other footings. This option is important
for footings with identical features. Click this option then select a node from the drop down
list. The node will serve as reference for copying to other nodes.
If different features are defined earlier for each node, the program can still recognize its
properties. Select new node then you can notice that the other nodes will follow the features
of the active node in the drop down menu.
3) Node List
a) Using node list

The numbers registered in this column are available for grouping. Select nodes then click the
arrow pointing to the right.
b) Assigned node list
The numbers registered in this column are the nodes assigned for the active group in the
Group name menu. You can unselect a node by sending back to the Using node list
column. Choose a node then click the arrow pointing to the left.
c) Assigned to the listed supports

This option is recommended for a model with many nodes. If the set of numbers you want to
assign is difficult to find in this table, just type the number and press ENTER key from your
keyboard.
7.3 Command Button

1) New Button
Click this button to initiate the command in creating a new foundation group.
2) Save button
This command enables the program to save the actions performed in this function.
3) Delete button
This command enables the program to delete foundation groups with an option if including the nodes.
In case you choose the option of deleting the nodes, it will be erased from the current model.
a) Choose a foundation group to delete from the Group name menu.

b) Click Delete button. A warning message will appear.
c) Click the option Delete including nodes if you want nodes to be removed from the
model.
d) Click OK button to accept or Close button to cancel the command.
4) Save As button
This command enables the program to rename and make changes to a foundation group. It has also
the facility to separate nodes from its group. If you click this button, the program orders you to make a
new group name and descriptions. You can cancel this action by clicking on the Close button.
5) Cancel button
This command enables the program to cancel the current activity in this function but it will not exit
from the Structure Group window.
6) Close button
This command enables the program to exit from this function.
7) Import (Group Add) button

This command enables the program to import an AFES foundation model. Before proceeding to this
function, export first a structure you want to import by the Export (Group) command.
a) Click the Import (Group Add) button.

b) Access the directory of the structure to import.
c) Select the structure file.
d) Click Open button. A window will appear.
e) Enter values for OffsetX and OffsetY.

f) Click Save button.
8) Export (Group) button

This command enables the program to save a file and make it available for importing. The file will be
saved in text format.
a) Click Export (Group) button.

b) Select the directory you want to save the file.
c) Type a name.
d) Click Save button.
8. Tie-Girder Data
8.1 Main Functions

The Tie Girder Data command is used for creating tie girders. After making a tie girder, define its dimensions
including its reinforcement main and secondary bars. The properties defined will then automatically assign to
the active tie girder.
This command has also the facility to generate tie girders by making a line between two joints. The elevation of
the tie girders from the footing top can also be set on this function.
The Structure Tie Girder window can be accessed by the Tie Girder Data button.
There are two ways to make tie girders. First, select two nodes from the Using node list column selections by
your mouse while pressing on the CTRL key then click on the arrow pointing to the right. Second, using the
screen image, pick a node by a right click of your mouse then pick another node. Select the Add Tie Girder
button as displays.
8.2 Assigned Nodes

There are two column lists for this function which you have to select and assign nodes to create a tie girder. You
can make use of this if you want to create a tie girder by just selecting nodes.
1) Node List
a) Using node list

This is the list of all the nodes created in the Geometry Data and available for assigning.
You need to select two nodes to form a tie girder. You can make a tie girder in horizontal,
vertical or diagonal directions as long as there are two connecting nodes. Pick the nodes
using CTRL key then click the blue arrow pointing to the right direction.
b) Assigned node list

If a tie girder is already created, you can view the node lists of which they are interconnected
as registered on this column sheet.
c) Assign to the list
The selected nodes in the Using node list command are shown in this function. Every time
you make a girder, different node numbers may be shown depending of what you pick from
the node list.
8.3 View Options
1) Rebar View
Choose a tie girder from the Assigned Node List selection or by picking from the window screen by
your mouse. The main and secondary reinforcement bar layouts are being displayed in 3D view as
being labeled. Only one girder shall be shown at a time. If no tie girder has been defined, a default
arrangement shall appear.
2) 3D View
This command enables us to see the 3 dimensional configuration of the foundation now including the
tie girders. You can also manipulate any angle views you want to inspect for this presentation.
8.4 Input Values

1) Name
Enter a name for the Tie Girder. This will serve as the identification and use for labeling in the
drawings. A default name is given in case of not creating a tie girder. Create first a tie girder before
defining its properties.
2) Width
Enter Width value. It is the measurement of total horizontal thickness of the tie girder.
3) Height
Enter Height value. It is the measurement of total vertical thickness of the tie girder.
4) Elevation (from girder bottom) to footing top below node No.

Enter value for the box provided. It is the distance you want to lay the tie girder from the footing top
to its bottom. In case of footings with different elevations, choose between two nodes which will serve
as reference. The selected node shall appear on the left side of the box provided for this function. You
can change by using the Change Elevation View button.
8.5 Input Bar Size and Spacing
1) Main Bar
Main reinforcement bars can be defined in this function which consists of top and bottom although
only one layer for each section is available for designation.
a) Size
You can choose the sizes of reinforcement bars to assign for the top and bottom accordingly.
Select from the dropdown list menu. The selection depends on the building code which is set
in the Setting of Constant command.
b) EA
Enter values for this column. They are the number of bars for the top and bottom. Note that
only one layer is available for each section. The program does not recognize overlapping
causing of too many bars entered and does not adjust the layout to several layers. The user
has to review the spacing limitations of longitudinal bars as per design code in making this
function.
2) Secondary Bar
The number of web bars and spacing of stirrups is defined in this function.
a) Side bar
This is also referred as web bars. The top and bottom bars are being counted in entering
value for this data. If you want to make one bar for each side, the number to be input should
be 3. The program shall automatically distribute the web bars in equal spaces.
b) Stirrup
Select stirrup size from the drop down menu and enter the spacing in the right box. The
spacing is considered as uniform throughout the length from the first to the last tie bar. The
distance of the first and last tie bars from the face of its adjacent piers can be defined in the
Setting of Constant command. The following is the procedure for setting this item.
- Click Setting of Constant command.
- Select Concrete Covers from the top tabs.
- Click Tie Girder (=Beam) tab.
- Set the location distance of the first and last stirrup from the face of the pedestal in the
Spacing at Girder Front, Rear Edge (TG.CL4) box.
8.6 Command Button
1) Change Elevation View button

This command is used to choose the node for which the elevation of the tie girder is referred to. The
selected node appears in the Elevation (from girder bottom) to footing top below node No.
command. It is only activated if the Rebar View is stimulated.
2) Delete button
This command enables us to delete tie girders. Choose a tie girder from the Assigned Node list
selection then click Delete button. Another way to delete is as describe below.
a) Pick a tie girder from the screen.

b) Right click on your mouse.
c) Click on the Delete tie girder message as appears.
d) A warning message will display.
e) Click OK if only one girder is to be removed otherwise click Delete all tie girders if you
want all to be erased.
3) Save button
This command enables to save the actions performed in the Geometry Data form.
4) Close button
This command enables us to exit from this function.
9. Entering Foundation Dimension (=Feature Data)
9.1 Main Functions

The Feature Data (Dimension) command is used to define the dimensions and other parameters necessary for
the foundation and piers. This will serve not only for the design and analysis functions but also for estimates of
material quantities. Besides, it will reflect in the drawing details.
Also other features that can be found in this form are Soil Name, Spring Support Name, Foundation Group Type
and Footing Shape.
The Feature window can be accessed by the Feature Data (Dimension) button.
It is important that the parameters in the Assign Foundation Grouping should be done first before proceeding to
this feature.
9.2 Input Tabs
1) Footing Tab button

Under this form the parameters for footing can be created and edited.
The Footing form can be accessed by the Footing button.

a) Soil Name
You can choose the Soil Name you want to use for your foundation design by this command
in the selection lists in its dropdown menu. This is utilized only for soil foundations. Soil
names should be created first in the Setting of Constants command to have selection list.
The default number of selection is only one.
b) Spring Support Name

This is activated only if the FEM (Finite Element Method) of analysis is used. As in the soil
foundations, there is only one default Spring Support Name. Additional support descriptions
can be defined in the Setting of Constants command.
c) Fdn. Group Type

In this box, the foundation group type can be seen. It is not activated and therefore can not
be edited because it is already classified in the Assign Foundation Grouping command.
d) Footing Shape
You can change the footing shape by this command. Just choose from the dropdown list. The
selections available depend on the shape defined in the Assign Foundation Grouping
command.
e) Fdn. Group Type

In this box, the foundation group type can be seen. It is not activated and therefore can not
be edited because it is already classified in the Assign Foundation Grouping command.
f) Footing Shape
You can change the footing shape by this command. Just choose from the dropdown list. The
selections available depend on the shape defined in the Assign Foundation Grouping
command.
g) Name
It is assigned for the footing name but not for the foundation group name. Usually the default
is the same name with the foundation group for individual footings. You can edit the name by
this command.
h) Length
Enter Length value. It is the footing plan dimension for X direction.
i) Width
Enter Width value. It is the footing plan dimension for Y direction.
j) Wall Thickness
Enter Wall Thickness value. This function is activated only for ring foundations. It is the plan
thickness of the footing.
k) Diameter
Enter Diameter value. It is the outside dimension of circular and polygon type of foundations.
It is only activated when such forms are used.
l) Height
Enter Height value. It is the footing total thickness.
m) Lean Concrete Height

Enter Lean Concrete Height value.
n) Soil Height from Top of Footing

Enter value for the soil height.
Lean Concrete Horizontal Dimension
Enter value for horizontal dimension of lean concrete.
o) Crushed Stone Height

Enter value for height of crushed stone.
2) Pier Tab Button

You may specify the pier eccentricity from the any point of footing in the local X and Y directions figure
below. These values may be either positive or negative.
Under this form the parameters for Pier can be created and edited.
The Pier form can be accessed by the Pier tab button.
a) Pier Lists
The dropdown menu is a selection of pier lists defined earlier.
b) Shape
Choose a shape assigned to the pier. Pier Shape selections depends on the shape of the
foundation defined in the Assign Foundation Grouping menu.
c) Pier Diameter
Enter Pier Diameter value. It is only applicable for circular and polygon types of piers and
activated only for such shapes.
d) Pier Length
Enter Pier Length value. It is the X direction dimension for rectangular piers.
e) Width1(Left)
Enter Width value. It is the Y direction dimension for rectangular piers.
f) Width2(Middle)
Enter value for Width2(Middle). This is available only for heat exchanger pedestal shapes
which are a T-type.
g) Width3(Right)
This is also for heat exchanger pedestals but not activated because the value is copied from
the Width1(Left).
h) Wall Thick.
Enter Wall Thickness value. This function is activated only for ring type of piers.
i) Height1(from bot.)
Enter value for Height1(from bot.). For regular piers it is the total height from the footing top
elevation to the top level of the grout.
j) Height2(mid.)
Enter value for Height2(mid.). This is available only for heat exchanger pedestal shapes which
are a T-type. It is the Vertical dimension of the hunched part of the pedestal head.
k) Height3(top)
This is also for heat exchanger pedestals. It is the vertical dimension of the pier’s head upper
most part.
l) Grout Thickness
Enter value for Grout Thickness on top of the pedestal.
m) Top of Grout Elevation
Enter value for Top of Grout Elevation. It is the height from the top of soil to the top of grout.
If you enter a value for the grout thickness, the pier height shall be lessen by this amount.
You can view this item in the drawing details.
n) Pier Angle (from 0 do)

Enter Pier Angle. It is the rotation of the axis of the pier from the Y-axis in clockwise direction.
o) Base Position
Select Base Position. It is the locality of the pier within the foundation.
p) Offset X Dir.
Enter value for Offset X-Dir. The pier shall be moved by that amount in X direction.
q) Offset Y Dir.
Enter value for Offset Y-Dir. The pier shall be moved by that amount in Y direction.
r) View button
This command enables us to view the configuration of the selected pier. It is not used for
editing.
3) Irregular-Shaped Footing Tab Button

Under this form the parameters for Pier can be created and edited.
The Irregular-Shape form can be accessed by the Irregular-Shaped Footing button.
a) Eliminate inside part

This command is recommended only for foundations with holes. It is used to eliminate its
open parts.
b) Sill Thickness from footing edge

The boxes provided in this column are to edit the dimensions of the new foundation shape.
Perform this only if you selected Eliminate inside part otherwise use the Set Footing
Shape button.
c) Set Footing Shape button

Several irregular shapes are available in this program. This command enables us to choose a
shape from the selection list and define their dimensions as described in the drawing.
The Footing Shape form can be accessed by the Set Footing Shape button.
a) Origin position
You can move the point of origin of the axes by this control button. The available locations
where you can set this point are left top, left bottom, right top, right bottom and center.
b) Select Pier
A pier’s location from the foundation layout can be identified using this command. Just select
a pier from the selection lists then a cross line shall appear on its center.
c) Len1, Len2, etc.
The number of data boxes provided depends on the shape of the foundation. Enter values as
being described in the drawing.
d) OffsetX
Enter value for OffsetX if you want the piers to be moved in the X direction.
e) OffsetY
Enter value for OffsetY if you want the piers to be moved in the Y direction.
f) Move button
Click this button to view the latest pier locations based from the input values for the OffsetX
and OffsetY.
g) Generate button
Click this button to view the configuration of the foundation based from the input data of the
previous commands.
9.3 Command button

1) Save as Pier button
This button is very useful for foundations with similar piers. Choose from the Pier Lists in the Pier form
then click the Save as Pier button then select which is to assign the same properties. It is only
activated when the Pier tab is chosen from the bottom menus.
The Save as Pier form can be accessed by the Save as Pier button.
a) Check All button

Make use of this command if all has to be copied to the dimensions of the defined pier. You
can also choose only the piers for copying by clicking on the square box on its left side.
b) Check Clear button

Click this button to unselect all piers.
2) Save button
This command enables to save the actions performed in the Geometry Data form.
3) Close button
10. Setting Strip Data for Reinforcement Design
10.1 Main Functions

The Setting of Strip Data for Reinforcement Design command is used to define the width of strips that is to be
considered for reinforcement design and one-way shear check. A default strip is being stalled for every type of
foundation. This item can be defined and edited only for mat foundations unlike for foundations such as ISO,
OCT, HEX, Combined, TANK1 and TANK2 wherein the default strip is the whole width of the footing. Critical
sections are set in default according to X and Y directions. You can create different width strips for the X, Y or
All directions.
The strip generally can be determined in accordance with the followings;

- Effective depth/2 + pier width + effective depth/w,
- A half of distance between piers from Principle of Foundation Engineering by M. DAS
- Equivalent pier width + 3 x effective depth from ACI-1693 Code Commentary
The program has the capability to calculate and show the shear and moment diagrams for the strips.
The Foundation Structure Section (=Width) for Reinforcement Design window can be accessed by the Setting
of Strip Data for Reinforcement Design button.
10.2 Input Values
1) Effective Width Name

This is the name assigned to a strip. It is activated only if you create new by clicking on the New
button. The name of the default strip is “S1” and all its parameters made are not editable. You can
make new names as X, Y or any as you want to be.
2) Based Node no
It is the reference node in the labeling the strips. For instance you want to create for X or Y direction,
the widths to be defined in the Width 1 and Width 2 shall be based from that node. Please refer to the
descriptions of Width 1 and Width 2.
a) X Direction
It is the direction under consideration for analysis and design of the defined strips. Select if X
direction is regarded.
b) Y Direction
Select if Y direction is considered in the analysis and design of the defined strips.
c) All Directions
Select if the X and Y directions are to be considered in the analysis and design for the defined
strips. If you use this, Width 1 and Width 2 need not be defined because the whole width and
length of the foundation is regarded to be the effective widths.
d) Width 1
It is the upper part of the strip for X direction and left part for Y direction from the selected
reference node. This is not activated if All is the selected direction since it includes the whole
width.
e) Width 2
It is the lower part of the strip for X direction and right part for Y direction from the selected
reference node. This is not also activated if All is the selected direction as mentioned in Width
1.
3) View of All Effective Width

You can use this command to view all the created strips simultaneously in your screen.
4) List of Effective Width Name
In this column, you can view the strip name lists created. Pick one to enable you to edit.
5) Pier List in Effective Width

You can verify the piers involved within the effective width as listed in the box of this menu.
6) Define Strip for Foundation Design

Use this utility to set the piers involve in a strip by the Pier List (Strip) function. In the shear and
moment diagram using the Conventional Rigid Method 1, you can choose which piers to be involve as
support. The joint restraints will be considered as pinned for 2 or more than supports and fixed for 1
support. This is not applicable for Conventional Rigid Method 2 because there are always 2 supports
considered which are positioned at both ends.
The following are examples for setting piers as supports.
Figure below is a mat foundation consists of 5 piers which shall be used for illustrations.
Example 1. Setting for all piers as support.
Enter piers 1 to 5 in the box provided as shown below.
In X and Y directions, there are 3 supports for each sections for the whole strip caused by the 5
piers as you can see as connected by a line. For X direction, support1 are piers 1 and 4, support2 is
pier 5 and support 3 are piers 2 and 3. For Y direction, support1 are
piers 1 and 3, support2 is pier 5 and support3 are piers 2 and 4. You can check this by accessing the
shear and moment diagrams.
a) Click Foundation Analysis/Design button.

b) Select Regular Shaped Foundation Design Method (Default). Other design
methods is also available of this function but with different steps in accessing the shear
and moment diagram. The purpose of this example is to only show the supports as
being labeled in the Define Strip of Str. Design Fdn. utility and therefore need not to
discuss for the other methods.
c) Click OK button. An image will appear as shown below.
d) Click Goto Diagram button. A figure will be shown.
As you visualize, there are 3 supports resulted as defined and considered as pinned.
Example 2. Setting for two piers as support.
Enter piers 1 3 in the box provided as shown below.
In X direction, there are 2 supports created by the piers 1 and 3 whereas 1 support only for Y
direction formed by the same piers.
Follow the same steps in example 1 in accessing the diagram. At the end, you can see the supports
for X and Y sections.
- X-Direction:
Select S (X) in the drop down from the Section menu.
The 2 supports are shown and considered as pinned.
- Y-Direction:
Select S (Y) in the drop down from the Section menu.
Only 1 support is shown and considered as fixed.
7) Pier List (Strip)

You can edit the piers involved within the strip by typing the node number of pedestals in this box then
click Save from the bottom tabs.
8) For Generation Drawing

Make use of this menu to order the piers to be shown in the section details in the drawing reports.
9) Pier List (Section)

Type the piers you want to be shown in the section details.
10) Section Draw

Put a check mark on the left square box of Section Draw to enable the program to recognize and
include the pier list as identified in the Pier List (Section) function in the section detail of drawing
reports. If uncheck, the program makes the section detail of the direction where the first node belongs,
as a default function.
10.3 Command Button
1) New button
Use this command to make a new strip.
2) Delete button
Use this command to delete a strip. Select from the List of Effective Width Name lists then click
Delete button from bottom tabs.
3) Cancel button
Use this to terminate any activities made for this command provided that the Save command button
has not been pressed.
4) Save button
This command enables to save the actions performed in this feature.
5) Close button
11. Reinforcement Data
11.1 Main functions

The Reinforcement Data command is used to assign bar sizes and spacing for piers and foundations.
Reinforcement bar sizes depend on the design code designated in the Setting of Constant command. Set of
bar array options are available in the Footing option. The arrangement of footing bars are parallel to the X and
Y axis except for Tank1 and Tank2 Ring type modules which are in radial and longitudinal directions.
From the main tool bar, Click the “Reinforcement data” button. A pile data window will be appeared as
shown in the following figure.
Separate windows for Footing and Pier are provided in this function.
11.2 Footing Tab Button
This option enables us to set the number of reinforcement bars, size, spacing and array type arrangement for
the footing.
1) Array Type
Select from the array types of reinforcement layout. Different forms for single and double layer
arrangement are presented.
2) Top Bar
This function is activated when two layers of reinforcement is selected in the Array Type Option.
a) Size
Select bar size for X and Y from the dropdown menu. You can assign differently for each
direction.
b) Number
Select this option if you want exact number of bars. The program will automatically
distribute in uniform spacing throughout the length minus clear covers for each side.
c) Spacing
Select this option if you want to set spacing of bars. The program will automatically
distribute in uniform spacing throughout the length minus clear covers for each side.
3) Bottom bar
This function is always activated whether one or two layers of reinforcement is selected in the Array
Type. The procedure for labeling the Size, Number and Spacing is the same as discussed in the
Top bar option.
4) Display rebar separately (footing/pedestal)

Click this function if you want your reinforcement bars to be displayed per item. This means when the
Footing tab is selected, only its bars will display, same case with the Pier tab.
But if you unselect this option, bars for both pier and footing will appear in the screen image.
11.3 Pier Tab Button

This option enables us to set the number of reinforcement bars, size, spacing and tie arrangement for the pier.
,
1) Pier Name
Select a pier to designate in the drop down menu. You can set for one pier and later on you can copy
to other piers.
2) Tied Array (Tie Bar)

This type of tie bar arrangement usually occurs in rectangular piers. Click this option for such type.
3) Spiral Array (Tie Bar)

This type of tie bar arrangement usually occurs in circular and polygon types of piers. Click this option
for such type.
4) Rectangular Shape Bar

The Rectangular Shape Bar will appear when the shape of the active pier in the Pier Name
dropdown menu is rectangular.
5) Vertical Bar
These are the main reinforcing bars. They are parallel to the direction of the pier.
a) Size: 1, 2
Select sizes in the dropdown menu. It will be assigned to all vertical bars.
b) X No: 1
Enter value for this item. It is the number of bars for X direction for each side.
c) Y No: 2
Enter value for this item. It is the number of bars for Y direction for each side.
6) Tie Bar
It is referred as the lateral reinforcement bars.
a) Size: 3
Select sizes in the dropdown menu. It will be assigned to all tie bars.
b) Spacing: 3
Enter value for this item. It will be used for all tie bars.
7) Octagonal/Circle Shape Bar

The Octagonal/Circle Shape Bar will appear when the shape of the active pier in the Pier Name
dropdown menu is circle or octagonal.
8) Top Tie-Bar
This option is activated when octagonal shaped pier is used. You can leave as blank when you don’t
want to have such bar item in your pedestal.
a) Size
Select sizes in the dropdown menu. It will be applied for both X and Y directions.
b) Spacing XY
Enter value for Spacing XY. It will be applied for both X and Y directions.
9) Vertical Bar
These are the main reinforcing bars. They are parallel to the direction of the pier.
a) Size
Select sizes in the dropdown menu. It will be assigned to all vertical bars.
b) No
Enter value for this item. The vertical bars will be distributed with equal spacing depending
on the input number.
10) Tie Bar

a) Size
Select sizes in the dropdown menu. It will be assigned to all tie bars.
b) Spacing
Enter value for this item. It will be used for all tie bars.
11.4 Command Button
1) Save as Pier button

This command enables to copy the designations of a pier to other pedestals. It is discussed in the
Feature Data (Dimension) command.
2) Save button
3) Close button
12. Pile Data
12.1 Main Functions

The Pile Data command is used to layout and assign piles in the foundation. Regular pile arrangements are
available for circular or rectangular arrays.
This function is activated only when the selected type is Pile fdn. in the Assign Foundation Grouping
command. Define pile features first before proceeding to this function in the Setting of Constant command.
From the main tool bar, click the button. A pile data window will be appeared as shown in the following
figure.
12.2 Input Values
1) Using Pile Name

Choose which pile to use from the dropdown menu. The piles created in the Setting of Constant
command will be available for selection. You can only assign one type for every foundation.
2) View Group Reduction

Click on the square box at the left side of the View Group Reduction option to turn on the command.
This will enable us to check the spacing between piles. The diameter of the circle outside the pile (with
hidden lines) is computed as 2.5 x pile diameter which is based from the minimum requirement of
design codes. If those circles overlap to its adjacent, it means its distance is below minimum allowed.
3) View Pile No.

Click on the square box at the left side of the View Pile No. option to be able to see the pile
corresponding numbers.
4) Arrange type
It is the current arrangement status of the pile being created.
a) Mat
This option is automatically selected by the program if a rectangular array layout of pile is
being formed.
b) Circle
This option is automatically selected by the program if a circular array layout of pile is being
formed.
- X Coor.
Enter Value for X coordinates when you are placing piles using the Insert button.
- Y Coor.
Enter Value for Y coordinates when you are placing piles using the Insert button.
When using the Generation (New) command to layout piles, the coordinates will
automatically appear on the corresponding cells after making the pile array arrangement.
12.3 Command Button

1) Insert button
Click this button to enable us to add or insert pile then enter value for the X and Y coordinates to
where you want to put within the footing area.
2) Delete button
This command enables us to delete a pile. Select a pile then click Delete button either from the tables
or screen.
3) Generation (New) button

This command enables us to make regular pile arrangement. Circular or Rectangular Array options are
available. You can set the pile base point, spacing and number of piles.
The Pile Data window can be accessed by the Generation (New) button.
a) Using Pile Name and Pile Array Method

The pile name in the dialogue box is not activated as you can see. It is selected and can be
replaced only using the Pile Array form.
b) Pile Base Point

You can set the pile base point to the Pier Center or at Any Point of the footing.
- Pier Center
Click this option and select the pier from the dropdown menu to which its center will be used
as base point in setting the piles if you want a pier as reference.
- Any Point
Click this option and select the footing part from the dropdown menu to which it will be used
as base point in setting the piles if you want a location from the footing as reference.
Selections are footing left bottom, footing left top, footing right bottom, footing right top,
footing center and footing any point.
If you use the Footing : at any point location, the X Coord. and Y Coord. will be activated
as shown.
Enter values for the X Coord. and Y Coord. The point of origin of the coordinates is set at
footing left top as reflected in the figure above.
- Circle Array
Click this option to enable us to create circular arrangement of piles.
Choose number of circular arrays from the dropdown menu to be made. The default
maximum is 10 arrays.
- inch
Enter value for this item. It will be assigned as the diameter for the array.
- ea
Enter value for this item. It is the number of piles for the array.
- Angle
Enter value for this item. It is the angle for the first pile from the positive Y axis in clockwise
direction.
c) Command Button
- Save Command Button
Click Save button then you can see the image of the pile layout.
- Rectangular Array
Click this option to enable us to create rectangular arrangement of piles.
- ADJUST PILE ARRAY IN FOOTING AREA
This option enables the program to trace piles which are placed outside the footing area and
automatically deletes. Put a check mark by clicking on the left square box of this function
before clicking Save button to operate.
- INNER PILES CHECK

This command enables us to create two sets of rectangular pile arrays at the same time. It
means there is no need to utilize the Generation (Add) button to make another pile array.
When you click this option, you may notice that all input tables are activated and ready for
entering data.
- inch
Enter value for XDir.1(Distance/Spacing/No) and YDir.1(Distance/Spacing/No).
The first box is for the distance from the base point of pile set in the Pile Base Point option
to the first pile for the X and Y directions.
- inch
The second box is for the spacing from center to center of piles.
- ea
Enter value for this item. It is the number of piles for a given direction.
- Click Save button then you can see the image of the pile layout.
- Calculation of Pile Spacing
You may use this calculation sheet to compute the spacing of the piles. Just input values for
the boxes provided for the X and Y directions.
- X Length
It is the length of footing in X direction.
- X Dir – Distance
It is the distance from the pile base point to the first pile in X direction.
- X Dir – No
It is the number of piles in X direction.
- X-Dir. Up
This command enables to compute the spacing and link the result to the input tables for
piles in X direction.
- Y Length
It is the length of footing in Y direction.
- Y Dir – Distance
It is the distance from the pile base point to the first pile in Y direction.
- Y Dir – No
It is the number of piles in Y direction.
- Y-Dir. Up
This command enables to compute the spacing and link the result to the input tables for
piles in Y direction.
4) Generation (Add) button

This command enables us to add regular pile arrangement. Click this button and follow the procedure
as discussed in the Generation (New) command as if you are making a new set of pile arrays.
5) Save button
This command enables to save the actions performed in this feature
6) Close button
13. Anchor Bolts/Box Data for Drawings and Material Quantities
13.1 Main Functions

The Anchor Bolts/Box Data command is used to make bolt arrangements. You can define the parameter of bolts,
select sizes, bolt types and designate them to the pier. The sizes available as choices depend on the design
code being utilized.
You can easily create regular arrangement of bolts using the Rectangular or Circular Array Method. Adding or
inserting bolt is also possible using the Add button.
From the main tool bar, click the button. A pile data window will be appeared as shown in the following
figure
13.2 Bolt Data
1) Supplied by subcontractor
This option is provided for information purposes only. This will not affect bolt data.
2) Supplied by vendor
Also, this option is provided for information purposes only.
3) Units
a) Unified Units
When you choose this option, the selections of bolt sizes in the dropdown menu shall be
based from SI units.
b) Metric Units
When you choose this option, the selections of bolt sizes in the dropdown menu shall be
based from Metric units.
4) Bolt Size
Choose bolt size from the dropdown menu. You can only use one size of bolt for every pier.
5) Projection
Enter value for Projection as described in the figure.
Projection
6) Length
Enter value for Length as described in the figure. Length
7) Type
Select bolt type from the dropdown menu. Several bolt styles are available.
13.3 Select Pier Node

You can choose which pier to set its bolt information in this form.
1) Node No.
Select pier’s node number from the dropdown menu.
2) Anchor Bolts/Box Array Method

Two types of array arrangement are available. Select from this option if you want to set regular layout.
a) Rectangular Array
This option will access you to the data form in making rectangular array.
b) Circular Array
This option will access you to the data form in making circular array.
3) Rectangular
Enter distance value for X direction
Enter spacing value for X direction
Enter number of bolts for X direction
Enter distance value for Y direction

Enter spacing value for Y direction
Enter number of bolts for Y direction
4) Circular Array
Enter start angle value (measured in clockwise
direction from the positive Y axis)
Enter number of bolts

Enter value for diameter
5) Draw button
Click this command after input data for the circular or rectangular array. This will enable the program
to link the defined bolt layout in the Anchor Bolt/Box Coordinates tables.
a) Anchor Box
This data form is necessary if you want to use anchor box otherwise you can leave as blank.
b) Using Anchor Box

Click this option to be able to enter data for anchor box information.
- Height
Enter value for Height as described in the figure.
- Length
Enter value for Length as described in the figure.
- Width
Enter value for Width as described in the figure.
6) Anchor Bolt/Box Coordinates

The location of the bolts created can be seen in this table as identified in the X and Y coordinates. You
can add by clicking on the Add button and/or edit by reentering value and click Save button.
a) X Coord.
This column is provided for X coordinates of bolts.
b) Y Coord.
This column is provided for Y coordinates of bolts.
c) Angle (degree)
This is the angle location of a bolt measured in clockwise direction from the positive Y axis.
This is related only for circular array arrangement.
d) Add button
This command enables us to add or insert bolt. Click Add button then a row will be provided
for input information.
e) Delete button
This command enables us to delete a bolt. Choose a bolt to delete then click Delete
button. You can delete by single or multiple selections.
f) Offset
This option will appear when you pick a bolt from the Anchor Bolt/Box Coordinates
tables or from the screen by your mouse.
The selected bolt will be offset in Y direction by the

value entered here. Use negative value to offset in
upward direction and positive value in downward
direction.
The selected bolt will be offset in X direction by the

value entered here. Use negative value to offset in left
direction and positive value in right direction.
8) Copy button
This command enables us to replicate the bolt information of a pier and designate to the other
pedestals. The procedure for copying is as follows.
a) Select a pier to copy from the Node No. dropdown menu.

b) Click Copy button. A window will appear as shown.
c) Click Check All button if you want all piers to copy or just put a check mark on the pier
node number when making one pier at a time selection. You can use Clear All button if you
want to erase all checkmarks.
d) Click Save button.
9) Close button
10) Save button

14. Equipment Data
14.1 Main Functions

The Equipment Data command is used to create equipment data information. Several equipment types are
available such as Column (Vertical Vessel), Heat Exchanger/Hor. Drum, Large Storage Tank and Ball tank.
Different data forms are provided for each category.
The Equipment Assign window can be accessed by the Equipment Data button.
14.2 Command Button

1) New button
This command enables us to make new equipment data. The procedure is as follows:
a) Click New button.

b) Enter Equipment Name.
c) Select Equipment Type from the dropdown menu.
c) Select node from the Using node list to assign then click arrow pointing to the right. This
will allow the program to assign the equipment to that node.
2) Using node list

The list of nodes available for assigning equipment can be found in this column.
3) Input Values
a) Equipment Name
The box is provided to designate a name for equipment to be assigned to a node or nodes.
b) Equipment Type
This is the selection list for equipment types. Offered equipment types are:
- Column (Vertical Vessel)
- Heat Exchanger
- Large Storage Tank
- Ball Tank
c) Assigned node list
The number found in this dialogue is the node assigned for the equipment. You can edit by
reentering other numbers then click Save button.
4) Input button
This command is used for entering parameters for the equipment. The form appearance is different for
each equipment type. Fill up the data boxes provided for corresponding items. The outlines for various
types are as follows:
a) Column (Vertical Vessel)

Equipment type selection is also available for the vertical vessel.
- Equipment Type
Offered types for Column (Vertical Vessel) are:
- Vertical vessel: non-uniform cylindrical column with variable cross section
- Vertical vessel: uniform cylindrical column
- Vertical Vessel: uniform cylindrical column with ladder
- Vertical Drum with legs
- Small Tank
- Equipment name
The equipment Name can be edited in this dialogue box.
a) Heat Exchanger
This equipment type requires at least two supporting nodes.
- Equipment No.
Select number of equipments to be applied from the drop down menu. Default maximum is
three.
- Type of equipment
Select type of equipment. Choices are Heat Exchanger and Horizontal Drum.
- Equipment Name
- Orientation of Fixed Point

Select orientation of fixed point. Choices are East, South, West and North. Point of reference
is as described in the figure.
- Sliding Plate Material
Choices of sliding plate material are available in the dropdown menu as:
a) No Sliding Plate (Steel support on concrete)
b) Steel Slide Plate
c) Teflon slide plate: Bearing pressure over 100 psi
d) Teflon slide plate: Bearing pressure 100 psi and below
e) Lubrite slide plate
f) others
a) Large Storage Tank

It is applicable only for Ring Type foundation modules.
- Equipment Type
Offered types for Large Storage Tank are:
a) Type 1
b) Type 2
c) Type 3
d) Type 4
e) Type 5
- Equipment Name
- Existing of Sump Pit

This option is used for drawing purposes only. Switch on by putting a mark by a click of your
mouse in the square box to be able to include the data made in the drawing report.
a) Ball Tank
This equipment type requires a minimum of three supporting nodes.
- Equipment Name
- Set Wind Parameters button

This command enables to input parameters for wind loading.
- Set Seismic Parameters button

This command enables to input parameters for seismic loading.
5) Save button
6) Delete button
This command enables to delete an equipment data.
The procedure for deleting assigned equipment is as follows:
a) Select Equipment name to remove in the Equipment Assign form.
b) Click Delete button. A warning message will appear.

c) Click OK button to delete selected equipment name or switch on the Delete all
equipment data to erase all.
7) Close button
15. Load Case/Combination
15. 1 Main Functions

The Load Case/Combination command is used to define, add, edit or delete load cases and combinations.
Assigned load cases can be combined with factors in accordance with a few design methods and specifications.
Mainly applied load combinations are Allowable Strength Load Combination and Ultimate Load Combination.
Combinations by Allowable Strength Design are normally applied with 1.0 factored value.
The purpose of the combinations is to take into account soil bearing capacity, sliding, overturning, uplift check,
and pile capacity check for a pile supported foundation.
Combinations referring to Ultimate Strength Design are used for footing reinforcement, pier design, one way
shear check, and taking different factors for various cases.
Loads represent actions upon the structures into a form of force. A spatial distribution of loads upon the
structure is called a load case. An unlimited number of load cases can be defined in AFES. Separate load cases
would be defined for dead load, live load, wind load, operational load, test load, etc. You can create limitless
load combinations from the defined load cases as the program offers default load combinations that are
editable.
Load cases include self weight, which the program has an option if it shall be included. Wind or earthquake load
definitions are also available when using the Ball Tank equipment type.
The Load Case and Combination window can be accessed by the Load Case/Combination button.
15.2 Load Case
Enter force values for the corresponding load cases. Orientation of load directions is shown in the Load Case
form. The Ball Tank loading option is also featured in this function
1) Input Buttons
a) Edit node list button
This command enables to assign or un-assign a node for load definition to a load case. The
program automatically assigns all nodes to load cases but you can assign or un-assign using
the following procedure.
- Click Edit Node List button. The node numbers in the Assigned node list section will be
activated.
- To un-assign, select number from the Assigned node list then click arrow pointing
downward.
- To re-assign, select number from the Unassigned node list then click arrow pointing
upward.
b) Remove button
This command enables to remove assigned load cases.
- Select a load case from the Show state of load case section.
- Click Remove button. A warning message will appear as shown.
- Check Remove all load cases button to erase all or just click OK button to delete
selected load case.
c) Ball Tank button

This command enables us to apply lateral force to equipment which the program
automatically distributes to each of its pier supports. Select by just picking a load case from
the Load Case form to assign this load before proceeding to this activity.
Follow the steps.
This calculation report

will display in whole page
using this button.
d) Assigned node list
This section consists of the node numbers assigned to a load case.
Unassigned node list

This section consists of the node numbers un-assigned to a load case.
e) Assigned Load Case

This button enables us to view and enter values for the assigned load cases.
- Click Assigned Load Case button.

- Select Load Case from the list.
- Enter corresponding values for each of the load cases.
- Click Save button to keep new data.
f) Unassigned Load Case

This button enables us to view the un-assigned load cases and assign them.
- Click Unassigned Load Case button.

- Select Load Case from the list.
g) Current load case

In this message box, you can see the current load case for designation.
f) Edit assigned node list

In this message box, you can edit assigned node numbers to the current load case.
- Type numbers of the nodes you want to include in the load case. Provide space between
numbers. You can observe the changes in the Assigned node list section.
Note: The following are load considerations taken for Heat Exchanger and Horizontal Vessel
Foundations.
a) Bundle Pull (Exchangers)

Bundle full force is an estimated friction force generated from exchanger tube bundle
installation or removal. This load is applied longitudinally at the center of the bundle and
distributed between the piers. For stacked exchangers, the load is applied at the center of the
top bundle. The portion of the bundle pull force at the sliding end support is calculated as the
lessor of the friction or ½ the bundle pull force and the remainder is resisted at the fixed end
support.
b) Thermal Force
Thermal force is the force due to the growth of the horizontal vessel or exchanger between
supports. Thermal growth is calculated using the maximum design temperature.
Smaller value resulting from the following calculations is used as thermal force and is applied
at the top of the piers.
c) Force required to overcome static friction between the vessel support and side plate.
Ff = (Pop)
where,
Ff = static friction force
 = coefficient of friction
Pop = operating compressor load on slide plate
d) Force required to deflect the pier or column an amount equal to ½ of the thermal growth
between supports.
Fd = 3EI/2L3
where,
Fd = pier deflection force
 = total deflection between piers
E = modulus of elasticity
I = pier moment of inertia
L = distance between piers
a) Slide Plates
A steel plate shall be provided at the sliding end of every vessel regardless of the flexibility
inherent in the structural support.
Use low friction slide plates such as lubrite or Teflon for large movements or if the operating
weight at the sliding end exceeds 25 kips. Exceptions to this are as follows:
b) When the deflection force Fd is equal to or less than the sliding force Ff for low friction
bearing.
c) When it is more economical to distribute a large load more evenly between the two piers
by increasing the friction force on the sliding end.
Typical coefficients of friction are as follows:
- No slide plate (steel support on concrete) 0.50

- Steel Slide Plate 0.30
- Teflon Slide Plate
• Bearing Pressure 100 psi and below 0.10
• Bearing Pressure Above 100 psi 0.06
- Lubrite Slide Plate 0.10
The following criteria are used in sizing low temperature (les than 500 degrees F) slide plate
elements.
Plate width: (D = total thermal growth between plates)

a) lower element = (saddle width) + 2 (D) + ¼ in
b) upper element = (lower element) + 1 in
Allowable bearing in psi: (T = saddle temperature in degrees F)

- for T 100 2000
- for 100 < T < 500 2000 – 17 (T-100)/4
The thermal and friction forces are automatically calculated in AFES. After getting the values
input manually the in the load case data.
15.3 Load Combination
Define load combinations using this command. You can define limitless load combinations though default load
combinations are available but they can be edited or deleted. You can only assign load combinations name
using numbers. Create first load cases before proceeding to this activity.
1) Command BUtton
a) New button
This command enables us to create new load combination.
- Click New button.
- Define load combination name in the box provided. Note that it should compose of
numbers.
- Select load case to combine from the Load Case section.
- Click arrow pointing to the right.
- You can unselect load case by sending it back in the load case section using the arrow
pointing to the left.
- Enter load factors.
- Select if for stability or reinforcement design.

Note: When creating load combination for stability, select options for sliding, overturning and
allowable soil increase. The safety factors for these items have default values but can be
edited in the Setting of Constant form under Safety Factor tab. For load combinations
under Reinforcement, these items shall automatically set to N/A.
b) Import button
This command enables us to import load combination. Load combination data that was
exported in text file in AFES program can be imported.
- Click Import button.

- Access the directory where the load combination in text file is saved.
- Select the file to be imported.
- Click Open button. A warning message will appear as shown.
- Select if Yes or No based from the statements on the warning message.
c) Export button
This command enables us to export load combination data that was saved in text file in AFES
program. After exporting the file, it will be available for import in this program. Be sure there
are already created load combinations before proceeding to this activity.
- lick Export button.

- elect the directory you want to save the file.
- lick Save button.
d) Delete button
This command enables us to delete load combinations.
- elect load combination to delete.

- lick Delete button. A warning message will appear as shown.
- Check Delete all load combination if you want to remove all or just click OK button to
erase only selected load combination.
e) Default Load Combination button
This command enables us to obtain the default load combinations.
-Click Default Load Combination button. A warning message will appear as shown.
- Click Yes button if you want the default load combination to replace the existing load
combination or click No button to cancel.
15.4 Set Load Case

Several load cases are stored up in the program as defaults. The load cases present in the New Load Case
form are available for assigning but you can create additional load cases.
1) To create load case:
2) Usage
a) Click New button.
b) Enter Load Case number.
c) Designate a Name for the load case.
d) Designate Load Case Description.
e) Click Save button.
16. Foundation Analysis/Design
When you are ready to analysis and design the foundation, you can click “Foundation Analysis/Design” icon
from top toolbar menu below.
or
From the Main Menu select Design (D) > Run ( = Analysis) …> Rigid Method
16.1 General
AFES executes Foundation Analysis and Design according to design standards widely accepted. It is assumed
that all external forces are loaded at the center of the piers and the connection between the pier and the
footing is considered to be rigid enough to carry those forces. Strength, stability and sectional design of
components of footing, pier, corbels and tie girders are properly examined.
The design codes of AFES support ACI318-99, 02, BS 8110, Korean and IS456 (2000).
Some shapes of footing and pier are available for design and analysis with AFES. Usable footing shapes are
rectangle, circle, octagon, circle with a hole, while available pier shapes are rectangle, circle, octagon, T-shape.
16.2 Design Method

AFES supports “Automatic Analysis and Design” and “Manual Analysis and Design” at the same time.
16.3 Automatic Analysis and Design

With externally loaded forces, AFES is able to do automatic analysis and design of foundations, which bring out
optimized sections of a footing against stresses by the external loads. The application can proceed in analysis
and design without detailed design data including the assumed size of a footing, the assumed number of piles,
specifications on spacing, and types of reinforcement. After analysis and design, the recommend result can be
saved in the database and seen in a summarized form.
Note : The load case and combination should be input before executing auto design.
16.4 Main Functions

The Foundation Analysis/Design command is used to run the program for the Analysis and Design calculations.
All input data should be done before proceeding to this activity.
For preliminary design, you can use the Auto Design function. The program automatically brings out optimized
sizes against stresses by the external loads. Recommended results can be saved in database and can be seen in
summarized form. The following is the procedure in utilizing Auto Design.
16.5 Performing Design

1) Performing Auto Design
a) Click Design from top menu.
b) Select Auto Design. A window will appear as shown.
c) Click Set Parameters button.

A window will appear. Set Design Options from this form.
After setting desired data, click Save button or Default button to restore original.
d) Click Auto Design button. The recommended foundation image and new values in the
Footing Dimension table will come out.
Original Size Automatic Design Size

e) Click Save to DB button to keep new data.
f) Click Close button then open corresponding forms for each item such as Geometry, Pile
and Reinforcement to see changes.
2) Performing Detail Design

After having set up all important data, whether from Auto Design or by manual input, you can run
analysis and design using the Foundation Analysis/Design button of which several types of
Analysis Methods presented.
The following are Analysis and Design Methods offered in this program.
a) Regular Shaped Foundation Design Method (Default)
b) Irregular Shaped Foundation Design Method (3D Frame with Tie-Girder)
c) Irregular Shaped Foundation Design Method (With Tie-Beam)
d) Finite Element Method (Footing as Plate, Pier as Beam)
3) Performing Design and Viewing Report

The Analysis and Design Methods window can be accessed by the Foundation Analysis/Design
button.
4) Design Method : Regular Shaped Foundation Design Method (Default)
This method is used for regular shape foundations.
a) Analysis/Design
In this function, set analysis and design preferences. Note that default settings are provided;
however, review the options, and if necessary change them, to ensure they are suitable.
- Select Load Distribution Method
When using Conventional Rigid Method 2 analysis, the pier reactions will be applied to the
footing as loads. You can set if this load will be applied as concentrated or uniform load.
- Concentrated Force
Select this option if you want pier load to apply as concentrated force.
- Uniform Force
Select this option if you want pier load to apply as uniform force.
- Shear and Reinforcement Design

This option enables you to choose the location of design shear and moment to be considered
if using value from critical or at maximum point. For mat and other foundation with piles, top
moment usually occurs. The top moment should then have to be regarded.
- Critical Point (Pier Left/Right of Any Sections)

If you choose this option, the value at a distance d from the face of support is to be
considered for shear design and the moment at the face of the pier shall be used to
determine the required area of reinforcement.
- Maximum Point (Maximum Value at Any Section)

The maximum bottom moment at any location within the foundation is used to determine
the reinforcement area required. Maximum shear value at any section shall also be
compared to that of the computed shear strength in that position.
- Consider Top Moment

Selecting of this option means the program considers top moments for reinforcement design.
Switch on the Consider Top Moment message to include top moment.
b) Footing Bar
Each design code has different shrinkage and temperature reinforcement ratio. Default values
are provided but you can change using this function if necessary.
- General Code
Subsequent design is based on the selected design code.
- Temperature and Shrinkage Bar
This is a user input value. The ratio which is being assigned in the “Temperature and
Shrinkage Bar” box is multiplied by that in the percentage value entered for the “Top” and
“Bottom” boxes for the top and bottom reinforcement design respectively.
- Not Consider Temperature and Shrinkage Bar

Temperature and Shrinkage will not be included for reinforcement design considerations.
c) command Button
- Next button
Use this command to display the equivalent beam diagram with moment of inertia values for
every segment and joint support conditions.
- Goto Diagram button
Use this command to display the load, shear and moment diagrams where you can view the
member forces, maximum forces and critical shear and moment forces.
- Goto #L/C button

Use this command to display the load combinations applied for stability analysis and
reinforcement design.
- Goto Summary button
Use this command to display the summary report. In this information, you can compare the
allowable against the actual stresses and easily trace the items which fail due to red marks on
the result tables.
Set screen sheet size option. View last page
View next page
View previous page
View first page
- Print button
This command enables us to set the range of sheets to print.
- To PDF File button

This command enables us to save the summary report in pdf file in any directory.
- Print Set button

This command enables us to select the printer and set its properties and set sheet size and
orientation.
- Show Detail Report button

This command enables us access the calculation report in detailed form.
View first page
View previous page
View next page
View last page
- Out button
This command enables us to view current page in smaller image.
- In button
This command enables us to view current page in larger image.
- Printing button
This command enables us to set the range of sheets to print.
- Pdf button
This command enables us to save the summary report in pdf file to any directory.
5) Design Method : Irregular Shaped Foundation Design Method (3D Frame with Tie-Girder)
a) Analysis only Selected Group

The program will only perform design and analysis for the selected group when using this
option.
b) Analysis All Group

The program will perform design and analysis for all groups when using this option.
c) General
Click this button to display the General data and review or modify the options used for load
distribution method, pile reaction distribution method, reinforcement width consideration,
shear and moment design locations, BMD and SFD diagram considerations in report, Analysis
and Design method and option for self weight inclusions.
d) Temperature and Shrinkage/Stability
Click this button to display the Temperature and Shrinkage / Stability data and review or
modify the options used for temperature and shrinkage factor, temperature and shrinkage bar
factor for top and bottom, buoyancy check consideration, sliding passive soil pressure check,
and stability check.
e) Tank Design
Click this button to display the Tank Design data and review or modify the options used for
Tank design method, and ring wall foundation.
f) Command Button
- Analysis button
Use this command to run the Analysis after which the Report button will be activated.
- Report button
Use this command to view the calculation report. Review or modify the options with check
marks to set the items to be included in the report details.
This function offers Detailed and Summary report.

g) Detail Report
Use this button to view the calculation sheets in detailed form. All data input are reflected
including the formulas and design considerations with the stress diagrams.
View first page

View previous page
View next page
View last page
- Zoom button
This command enables us to select image size and set the number of sheets on screen. You
can also enlarge report sheet in screen image by double click on left of your mouse or
reduce by double click on right of your mouse.
- Analysis in order method button

This command enables the program to rerun analysis and design.
- Detail Report button
This command enables us to view calculation report in detailed form.
- Summary Report button

This command enables us to view calculation report in summarized form.
- Setting Bar button

This command enables us to access Reinforcement Check form. In this form, you can
change bar sizes and you can see the result immediately on the Result column from the
table.
- Switch on by putting a check mark on the Changeable button to activate the Steel Dia. and
Steel Space columns. This will enable us to edit those items.
- Change bar size using dropdown menu.
- Change steel spacing using Backspace keyboard button then enter desired value.
- Click Save button to keep new data or Back to Original Data button to restore previous
data.
- Diagram in Picture button
This command enables us to view the shear and moment diagrams from the screen. You can
choose footing name (in case of group foundation), section, diagram (shear or moment) and
load combination. From this diagram you can look over load, shear and moment values to
any point within the length using your mouse.
- Diagram in Report button
This command enables the program to include the shear and moment diagrams in the
calculation report.
- Structure frame with girder button
- Tools button
This command enables us to set preferences to be used in the calculation report. It includes
font style, colors, etc.
Header Text
Enter header for the space provided.
Header Default
Check this option to use default header.
Back Image
Use this option to set background image for calculation report.
No. of start page
Enter page number for starting page.
Starting page for page mark
Enter starting page number page mark.
Page Position
Set location of page number from the selections in the dropdown menu.
Font
Set font style by a click of your mouse on the texts. Select font style as the choices
appear.
Dimension Type
Select dimension style from the two options as shown from the function.
Diagram
In this section, select diagram report option. Check if you want filled diagram or
uncheck if unfilled diagram.
Page
Select screen sheet size option from the Zoom default dropdown menu.
UNIT SYSTEM
Select Output unit from the dropdown menu.
Default button
This command enables the program to restore default values.
Save button
This command enables the program to save modified data. It will be applied after
running analysis and design.
Save and Apply button

This command enables the program to save and apply modified data
instantaneously.
f) Summary Report
Use this button to view the calculation sheets in summary form. This is recommended when
doing the initial stages of design to easily inspect the items which does not meet the code
minimum requirements.
6) Design Method : Irregular Shaped Foundation Design Method (With Tie-Beam)

This method is used for regular shape foundations with tie-beams. Aside from footing and pier, it also
includes tie-beam analysis and design.
7) Design Method : Finite Element Method (Footing as Plate)

This method is used for any type of foundation using the analysis of footing as finite element. Define
first the soil support conditions in the Setting of Constant command under Supports tab before
performing this method. Refer to Setting of Constant command manual the procedure for defining
soil properties used as spring supports.
The procedure for creating soil support condition for FEM is as follows.
- Click Setting of Constant command.

- Select Supports tab.
- Click New button.
- Enter Support Description.
For pile foundations:
- Select Fixed But option.

- Enter values for soil springs and assign releases.
For soil foundations:

- Select Elastic Mat option.
- Select Z option.
- Enter value for subgrade modulus.
- Click Soil Support button. A warning message will appear as shown.
- Select Support type option.

If Soil Stress:
Enter value for Allowable Soil Stress.
Select if Long Term or Short Term.
If Manual Input:
Enter value for Subgrade Modulus.
- Click Apply button.
Note: Before running the FEM analysis, select first the corresponding Spring Support
Name in the Feature Data form.
a) Mesh Generation, Foundation Analysis (Only Interface with STAAD.Pro)
Select this button to run the STAAD solver for finite element analysis. After selecting this
option, click OK button then Run.
The STAAD Analysis and Design run solver status window will appear. After finish running the
analysis, click Done button.
b) View Stress Contour for Shear and Moment Forces

Select this button to view the 3D Model, Mesh diagram and Stress contour for Shear X, Shear
Y, Moment X, Moment Y and displacements for X, Y and Z directions for various load
combinations.
3D Model
Mesh Generation
Stress Contour
8) Performing Pre-Analysis and Design
Select this button to access the pre-analysis and design form which offers to set the design options
before proceeding to run analysis and design. The procedure is the same to that discussed in the
Irregular Shaped Foundation (3D Frame) but without the option for the Conventional Rigid
method 1 and Conventional Rigid method 2 since it is using finite element analysis.
18. Interactive Design
18.1 Main Functions

Interactive Design can be accessed by the Design menu from top. This function involves design of pier with
different shapes like rectangular, octagonal and ring wall. On pier design, different design methods are
presented such as using the PM interaction diagram, Cantilever Beam and Tension Design.
Other facilities are also featured in this command as shown in the command function selections below.
18.2 Design of Piers
1) PM Interaction Design
This command enables us to review the results of pier design including the PM interaction diagram.
You can view the location of load points plotted in the interaction diagram. The input parameters are
also shown but can not be modified in this form. They can only edited on the corresponding command
functions such as Setting of Constant and Feature Data.
a) Input Data (Pier Data/Load Combination (L/C)) button

When calculation for the pier has not been performed, the pier input data will display but if it
is already executed, the calculation report will be presented on this form.
b) PM Diagram button
This button enables us to review the pier PM interaction diagram.
- Click the PM Diagram button. The diagram will appear as shown.
- Press the arrows to display diagram for different load combinations.
- Check the All Load Combination Show option to view the diagram with all the load
combinations load plotted in the diagram.
- Check the L.C. Name Show to view the load combination’s name.
c) Calculation button
This command enables the program to perform the calculation only for the selected pier in
the Pier List. You can use this command if only one pier is present in a foundation or if you
want only one pier to be designed.
d) Total Calculation button

This command enables the program to perform the calculation for all the piers in a foundation.
e) Save as file button

This command enables us to save a pier input data file to any directory. The file saved from
this command can be opened using the Open Data file button.
f) Open Data file button

This command enables us to open an input file that was saved by the Save as file command.
2) Cantilever Beam (Rect. Circle Shaped Pier)

This command enables the program to perform design and analysis of pier considering as cantilever
beam. The design loads to be applied are taken from the maximum load produced from the load
combinations.
a) Input Data button
This button enables us to view the input data information for the piers including the applied
loads from this form. Select the pier from the Pier List which one you want to view.
b) Detail Report button

This button enables us to view the calculation report in detailed form.
c) General button
This button enables us to view the general data information such as design code, pier clear
cover, strength reduction factors, material properties and printing option. In the printing
option, the selected direction shall only be included in the calculation report.
d) Calculation (One Pier) button

e) Calculation (All Piers) button

f) Save button
This command enables us to save the pier calculation report in pdf file. Be sure the
calculation command has already performed before proceeding to this activity.
3) Cantilever Beam (New)
a) Critical Load Combination option

b) All Load Combinations option
4) Tension Design (Octagonal and Rectangular Shaped Pier)

This command is used in designing piers subjected to tension forces. The program computes the total
loads from each load combinations. Only load combinations that produce tensile forces shall be
considered in this design function.
This button enables us to view the input data information for the piers including the applied
loads from this form. Select the pier from the Pier List which one you want to view.
b) Detail Report button

c) General button
cover, strength reduction factors and material properties.
d) Calculation One button

e) Calculation (Only OCT Piers) button

This command enables the program to perform the calculation only for octagonal shaped
piers.
f) Calculation (All) button
g) Save button
This command enables us to save the pier calculation report in pdf file. Be sure the
calculation command has already performed before proceeding to this activity.
5) Ring Wall Design (Tank Foundation with Ring Wall Shaped Pier)
This function is only used for design of Ring Wall Shaped piers.

This button enables us to view the input data information of a pier including its illustration
labeled with dimensions.
b) Equipment button
This button enables us to view all the input data information of equipment created from the
Equipment Data command for the selected pier.
c) Detail Report button

d) General button
cover, strength reduction factors and material properties.
6) Distribution of Horizontal Loads for Sphere Equipment

This function is used only for foundations containing Ball Tank type of equipments. The procedure is
inserted in the figure as shown below. After completing the procedure, the horizontal load is
distributed to the pier supports accordingly and linked to the load cases. A detailed calculation report
for this item is shown presenting the computed values. You can check the linked load values from the
tables in the Load Case form.
18. Export DXF File to Popular CAD (AutoCAD, MicroStation)
18.1 Main Functions

AFES is a completely integrated software package for automatically producing drawings of reinforcing details for
foundations that have been analyzed and designed using AFES. AFES interfaces with AutoCAD and Microstation
to create a construction drawing with bar-schedule.
The Export DXF File command is used to export the drawing files made from AFES to other programs such as
AutoCAD, MicroStation. Standard drawings are already set up for various design codes.
The program will create the DWG or DXF file format and display a construction drawing through a viewer.
The drawing report consists of the Standards, Layout and Drawing detail including plan and sections of
foundation with reinforcement schedules. You can set from this command the drawing preferences to be utilized
before exporting to AutoCAD.
The AFES – MAKE DRAWING FILES window can be accessed by the Export DXF File button.
Footing name
Project file name
18.2 Detailing Procedures
1) ADF FILES LIST
This area is assigned for the drawing list choices to be exported from the current open AFES file. You
can set a drawing list to be considered from the Option of Drawing Generation for Selected
files… command.
2) OUTPUT FORMAT
Set the drawing format to be used from this section.
a) Drawing Format
Select drawing format from the dropdown menu.
3) PARAMETER
Set the sheet size and drawing scale from this section.
a) Sheet Size
Select sheet size from the dropdown menu.
b) Drawing Scale
Select drawing scale from the dropdown menu. Just leave this option if you want
automatic scaling. The following is the procedure in setting scale.
- Click the button provided as shown.
A window will appear as shown.

- Select from the dropdown menu. Choices will come out depending on the unit used.
- Click OK button.
4) Option of Drawing Generation for Selected files… button

This command enables us to choose the drawing files to be exported from the current open project.
Only selected files will appear in the drawing report.
a) Draw List
This section consists of drawing list ready for exporting.
b) Remove List
This section consists of drawing list removed for exporting. To remove, select from the
Drawing List choices then click Remove button.
5) Option button
This command enables us to set the drawing preferences to be carried out in the AutoCAD drawings.
6) Drawing
The following are items listed in the Drawing column for setting.
a) Sheet
Two schemes of sheet layout are available. Choose from the Sheet files selections. In the
first format, the title is located at the bottom of title block whereas in the second format, it
is placed at the right side of title block.
b) Font
You can set a font style to be used for the drawing report. Assorted font styles are provided
for various languages.
- Font Name:
AFES designated name to a font.
- Font File:
The true name of the font style.
- Font Path:
It sets the directory location where the font file can be found.
- Code Page:
Different fonts are offered for different languages. Select code page from the
dropdown menu.
c) Layers
The layers defined in this table shall be carried out in the AutoCAD drawings. You can add,
modify and delete default layers from this form.
- Add button
This command enables us to add a layer.
- Click Add button and a window will appear as shown.
- Enter Layer Name

- Select Color from the dropdown menu.
- Enter description name.
- Click OK button.
- Edit button
This command enables us to edit a layer.
- Select an item from the table then click Edit button. Also other way is double click
to any entry from the table. A window will appear as shown.
- Make changes for entry you want to modify.

- Click OK button.
- Del button
This command enables us to delete a layer. Note that you can only remove an
unassigned layer.
- Select a layer from the table.

- Click Del button. A warning message will appear.
- Click Yes button to confirm.
d) Entity
The layers defined are applied to the entities.
- Entity
The items found in this column are description name for entities.
- Layer
The items found in this column are assigned layers for entities.
- Color
The items found in this column are assigned colors for entities.
- Edit button
This command enables us to edit an entities’ designation.
- Select an entity then click Edit button or double click to an item. A

window will display as shown.
- Make changes for entry you want to modify.

- lick OK button.
e) Drawing
In this item two options is offered for bar leader call outs.
- Bar Leader
Select which bar leader type you want to apply. Difference between two types is shown in
the figure.
- Bar List
The bar list offers an option if the bar bending schedule will be included. Switch on the Draw
option to enable the program to consider this item in the drawing report.
7) Rebar DB
Various design codes are available in this program. These codes offer different reinforcement bar size
descriptions, lap lengths and bend details. Select design code and make rebar settings using this form.
Default values are set but it can be modified using this form.
a) Setting Bar Data
Reinforcement bar of the following codes are available in this program.
KS 3504
ASTM A 615
BS 4449
TS 708
SAUDI ARABIAN
ES 272-74
TIS 2527
IS HSD
b) Units
Select the units of rebars from the dropdown menu as shown.
c) Lap Length
Lap length is considered in this function but you can edit by reentering data and click OK
button. You can restore modified data to default values by clicking on the Default button.
d) Production Length
Production length is considered in this function. You can edit by reentering data and click OK
button.
The default formulas for computing these lengths can be accessed by clicking on the
Setting button.
You can modify a formula by double clicking on it. Selection will appear as show.
You can restore modified data to original values by clicking on the Default button.
8) Help button
This command enables us to access the Drawing User Manual.
9) Generation of Drawing
To generate drawing, Click on the “OK” command button, then drawing view will open as following
page.
10) Drawing Viewer

You can see the drawing through a viewer as follows. The generated drawing file automatically save in
the following directory.
Where, Number of Project is the project name wherein the structure is created. This maybe in the
form of combination of design code and the unit used like the default in the program such as ACI_IMP,
KCI_IMP, etc. However if the user has defined new project in the Projects Dialogue window, it maybe
in different form.
Ex) C:\Program Files\GS_AFES\DxfData\AFES 2.5\DxfData\Number of Project \
19. Taking Off Bill of Materials (BOM)
19.1 Main Functions

The Taking off Bill of Materials command enables the program to calculate the material quantities of a
foundation.
After coming up to the final design of a foundation, the next thing to be done is estimation. The estimation of
course, will depend on the final design. The quantities to come out after program calculation will be the exact
values based from the final design; however, you can set allowance for every item you want to increase.
A detailed report for the calculation and summary tables will be available at the end of this activity.
Increase factor per item can be set using the Design Parameters>BOM Setting menu.
19.2 Detail Procedures

1) BOM Setting
a) Click on the Design Parameters menu.
b) Select BOM Setting. The Allowable Increasement of Foundation Bill of Material

orm will display.
c) Enter values for items you want to increase quantities. It is expressed as percentage.
d) Click OK button.
2) Taking Off BOM

The Bill of Material window can be accessed by the Take Off Bill of Materials button.
a) BM Specification
In this section, you can set the size of excavation and number of foundations.
- Excavation Slope (1 : Slope)

Enter value for slope. This will apply to all sides in the X and Y directions. Given vertical value
is 1. When you want no slope enter 0 then click Save button. You will see the changes from
the screen image.
- Bottom Excavation Size (B)

Enter value for this item. It is the offset distance from the footing sides.
- Number of Foundation
Enter number with the same foundation design. This will serve as multiplier for the quantities
computed from one footing.
b) Grout Specification
Different grout types may be used for every footing. Select which type shall be applied
from this section. Selections are as follows:
- Cemented Grout
- Epoxied Grout
- Non-Shrink Grout
c) Using Rebar
In this section, select coat type to be applied in the reinforcement bars. Selections are as
follows:
- Epoxy Coated Bar

- Normal Coated Bar
d) Calculation button
This command enables us to witness the BOM report. Itemized detail is provided for
Information Table, Summary Table, Calculate B/M Table and Calculate Rebar Table.
e) BOM Sheet
- Save button
20. AFES and PDS Integration
20.1 Main Functions
Today, a plant design work involves many design parts, modeling objects from each part allows other parts to
assess those object on their work process helping streamlining the work process through project completion. A
3D foundation model of the objects designed by various design parts effectively communicates the geometric
design data. Therefore automating the work process from design to 3D modeling forms an integral component
of reducing overall project cost. With our design to modeling interface from AFES to Frameworks Plus, you will
experience significant productivity.
20.2 Import Geometry Data from Frameworks Plus
1) Making New Structure
a) Select the Create New Structure command from Icon menu or menu bar
or
The Create New Structure window will appear allowing you to a create a new structure.
- Enter “sample1” at the text box.

- Click on the New button to save to DB.
New structure creates

2) Use New Nodes Wizard
a) Run FrameWorks Plus, which is steel modeling program of PDS
b) Choose as follow in AFES. (File > PDS TO AFES > New Nodes Wizard)
c) Click ‘Select Multi Column’ to choose columns all at once. Set up the value of Column Low
Elevation as 1 to choose columns less than 1 m.
d) If you click ‘Select in PDS’ in PDS, you can automatically choose the location of columns
that you set up.
e) Click on the ‘Next’ command button in AFES

f) The coordinates of column in PDS are automatically imported to AFES.
g) Click ‘Finish’ button, then Foundation model, which is suitable for each coordinates in FES,
is generated.
20.3 Adjust module of Foundation
1) Change size of footing and piers

To change size of footing and pier, click Feature Data button from top toolbar icon, then the feature
dialog window open that allows you to modify values.
2) Procedures
a) Enter proper data in the following form.
b) Click on the Save and Close button
20.4 Generate Model in PDS
1) Procedures
a) FrameWorks Plus program should be run before starting this function.
b) Select Export PDS Data button, then PDS Export form display as follow.
c) You can use standard “Output File Path & Name”, which is provided by AFES, or you can
designate on your own.
d) Choose Output Unit, which is same unit with PDS.
e) When you import coordinates from PDS, choose ‘Automatic’ option for Coordinate Mapping.
f) if you want to do modeling directly in FrameWorks Plus, check on ‘Send Model to PDS’.
g) Foundation modeling is automatically generated in FrameWorks Plus if you click ‘OK’
command button.
20.5 Automatically Update adjusted coordinates
To update automatically revised coordinates.
1) Procedures
a) FrameWorks Plus program should be run before this function is executed.
b) Move coordinates of Steel Structure in FrameWorks Plus.
c) Choose as follow in AFES. (File > PDS TO AFES > Update Nodes Wizard)
d) Choose ‘Update Location of Column’ option.
e) Click ‘Next’ button.
f) Click ‘Finish’ button if you see the Window above.

g) If you want to see the changed details, click ‘Yes’ button.
h) Select Export PDS Data button from file menu, or Click icon from top toolbar
i) Foundation model is automatically updated in FrameWorks Plus if you click ‘OK’

button.
You can see the model before and after as follows.
Before update
After update
21. AFES and PDMS Integration
The following functions are available;

Import data from PDMS to AFES
Export data from AFES to PDMS
Model Update from AFES to PDMS
20.1 Procedure
1) Import coordinates of PDMS in AFES
2) Adjust module of Foundation
3) Generate model in PDMS
4) Automatically model update
1) Import coordinate of PDMS in AFES

In this activity you will
a) Make New Structure
b) Use Get Location
c) Before you start this activity, you must select KCI_MKS project.
2) Making New Structure
Select the Create New Structure command from Icon menu or Menu bar.
or
The Create New Structure input form displays.

a) Enter “sample1” at the text box.
b) Select New button to save.
c) Select Close button.
New structure creates
3) Use Get Location

a) Run PDMS(Version 11.5) and load specific steel structure model.
b) Select as below menu in PDMS menu bar.
Display > Command Line…
c) Select as below menu in AFES
File > PDMS to AFES > Get Location
d) Select a column in PDMS.

e) Click ‘Get Data’ button.
f) Repeat 4,5 to import all coordinates of columns.
g) Completing import coordinates, click ‘Generate Nodes’ command to show location

of foundations in AFES.
3) Generate Model in PDMS
In this activity you will generate model directly in PDMS
a) Procedure
- Specific STRU hierarchy should be existed in PDMS.
- Select Export PDMS Data button.
or PDMS Export form display.
- You can use standard “Output File Path & Name.”, which is provided by AFES, or you can
designate on your own.
- Input specific STRU name in “STRU Name for Modeling”
- Choose PDMS Unit, which is same unit with PDMS.
- When you import coordinates from PDMS, choose ‘Automatic’ option for Coordinate Mapping.
- If you want to do modeling directly in PDMS, check on ‘Send Model Data to PDMS’
- Foundation models are automatically generated in PDMS if you click ‘OK’.
4) Automatically Model Update
In this activity you will update revision feature automatically.
a) Update Revision Feature Automatically
- Before this work, PDMS should be run and Specific STRU hierarchy should be existed in
PDMS
- Change Footing Size from 1500mm to 2000mm
- Change from None-Pile FDN to Pile FDN in the window of ‘Structure Group’.
- Insert piles in the window of ‘Pile Array Form’.
- You can see the changed Foundation as below.
- Select Export PDMS Data button
- Input specific STRU name in “STRU Name for Modeling

- Click ‘OK’ button and you can see Foundation models are automatically updated in PDMS.
Technical Support
Before contacting Technical Support, please check the online Remote Help system. If you still can not solve the
problem, you can obtain product support in several ways:
E-mail
Ask questions and receive answers from the Technical Support Department via email. Just send e-mail to
info@gsafes.com or jbchoe@gsconst.co.kr, sccho01@gsconst.co.kr, or jmlee01@gsconst.co.kr. You will receive
a reply via e-mail.
Fax
You can also fax your questions. You will receive a response via email or fax.
GS Engineering & Construction Company CAS Team Fax: 82-2-728-1356
Telephone
You can reach GS Engineering & Construction Company CAS Team by phone between 9:00 A.M. and
5:00 P.M. Central Time, Monday through Friday.
Technical Support Phone: 82-2-728-3696, 82-2-728-1589, 82-2-728-1620
When you request support by using any one of the methods above, please provide the following for a speedy
resolution:
• Product Update Date.

• The windows operating system (including the version no and service pack numbers if any) on the
machine on which you are experiencing problems
• The exact wording of any messages and pictures that appears on your screen.
• What happened and what you were doing when the problem occurred.
For the usual "How To ...." questions, you can use any one of the above methods to obtain technical support.
However it is strongly recommended that for questions specific to the foundation design problem you are
trying to solve in AFES, you email the questions to info@gsafes.com with the input file of the problem
foundation design project attached. This will help the technical support team to reply to your questions
efficiently.

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The computer program AFES and all associated documentation are proprietary and copyrighted products.

Worldwide rights of ownership rest with GS E&C.

Copyright GS E&C, Plant Division of AFES Global Work Team

Further information and copies of this documentation may be obtained from:

Phone: (82) 2-728-3696

e-mail: info@gsafes. com (for general questions)

This section includes discussion on the following topics:

1. General Information

1.3 Application Area

The following are recommended as minimum hardware requirements.

1.5 Conventions used in this guide

b) NETWORK MACHINE INSTALL

AFES Installation Main Window.

- Place CD in CD-ROM Drive.

- Selection of Installation Folder

Default folder name is supplied to you as shown in Figure below.

EX )with path c:\Program Files\GS_AFES\AFES 2.5

- Ready to Install the AFES program

Start Copying Files

- Selection of Hardware Lock Type

Selection of Hardware Lock Type

- Finish lock driver

Finish Lock Driver

- AFES Shotcut/Desktop Icon

- Running AFES program

The AFES screen appears as shown in figure below.

The AFES program Screen

Set Serial Authorization Code

After selecting an option, click “Ok” button.

The AFES program Screen

1.8 Input and Output File

1) Input Data File

2) Output Data File

Name Description File Format

Name Description File Format

c) Take Off Bill of Materials

Name Description File Format

d) 3D CAD Modeling Data

Name Description File Format

Name Description File Format

1) Conventional Rigid Method

1) Conventional Rigid Method

a) Soil Bearing Pressure (Shallow Foundation)

Qa >= ΣV_appl / Af ± ΣMx / Zx for Uniaxial

b) Pile Capacity (Deep Foundation)

Ha_pile > = ΣH(i)x_appl / N_pile for Uniaxial

moment safety factor is calculated as the resisting moment divided by

e) Shear and Flexural Design (no shear reinforcing assume)

The design codes available in AFES are as follows:

h) Two Way Shear Design

2) Finite Element Method (FEM)

Menu Working Dialog

AFES Main Dialog Window

AFES Input Procedure

To open the existing project, or create a new project,

Creating a New Project

3.1 Creating a New Project for a Foundation

4.1 Main Functions

This dialog box displays eleven (11)-tabbed panels as below.

1) Concrete Design Codes

Design Code Input Units Output Units Remark

No Wind Load Seismic Load

4.3 Safety Factor for Stability