FEASIBILITY OF KHANPUR HYDRO

ELECTRIC POWER PLANT (A CASE STUDY).

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Byline: Fayyaz A. Chaudhry, Muhammad Amin, M. Iqbal, M. Ajaz and R. D. Khan

ABSTRACT: The electricity generation in Pakistan is dominantly based on oil and gas. Energy shortage
and power outages cause a loss of over $6 billion yearly to the national economy. Abruptly increasing oil
prices are warning to harness exploitable indigenous renewable energy sources. The paper presents a
case study of Khanpur dam located near Islamabad, Pakistan. The dam was completed in 1983 but until
now no power plant could be installed. For this study, survey of the Dam was performed with the help of
WAPDA professionals. Power potential calculation and power utilization is modeled and simulated using
Simulink. Cost analysis and results show that power plant is feasible and the project should be completed
as soon as possible.

Keywords: Khanpur Dam, head, discharge, syphon tube and anemometer

I. INTRODUCTION:

Rapidly digitizing flat world having in its root the energy fueled technological growth. The main parameter
and topmost priority for each and every country's successful progress is coping with the energy
challenges. Energy has replaced the monetary currency in many aspects [1].

The most severe problem of Pakistan's economy is energy crisis. Particularly, the industrial sector has
suffered very seriously from chronic power failures leading to exodus of capital abroad. The problem
emerged mainly because of inadequate power generation capacity compared with increasing demand
and the ageing infrastructure of existing power generation facilities. Electricity is the lifeline of economic
development and there are a number of ways to generate electric power.

The nature has blessed Pakistan with abundant resources like water, wind, shining sun for solar energy,
coal and even bio related energy resources. One abundant and economical source is hydel power
capacity that could be exploited using rivers, canals, head-works and even the smaller level drains and
water lines. In this area, Pakistan is blessed with over 160 million acre-feet (MAF) annual flow of water,
out of which, 104 MAF (68%) is divested for irrigation [2]. During its flow from high mountains, through
plains and to the sea there is a long way providing large potential of 60,000MW hydro electricity [3]. So far
only 11 percent have been exploited. The total installed capacity of Pakistan is 24,953 MW with 52% and
48% share of public and private Sector, respectively [4]. Out of this the hydro installed capacity is only
7,013 MW or 28 per cent of the total [5].

As hydropower projects are more reliable, multiple purpose and low-cost, increasing hydel power capacity
is needed for sustainable infrastructural development of the country. These plants are in the forefront to
cover the shortfall that is 7,000MW as at present, and to achieve energy self- sufficiency in future. One
such potential project is Khanpur Dam that was built in 1983 but the power plant is yet to be installed [6].
Hence, it could be considered as the easiest way to add to the energy capacity of the country at relatively
cheaper rates.

II. Basics of Hydel Power

Water can be used to generate electrical power, or to create other types of useful energy. Producing
electricity in this process is hydroelectric generation. Hydro-turbines turn water stress into mechanical
power, which can be used to run an electrical generator. The power available at any site is directly
proportional to the product of head and discharge. The common formula for any hydro system's power
outcome is P = p n g Q H (Equation 1) Where: P is power in watts, Q is the volume ow rate of water, n is
the efficiency of the power plant, is the density of water, g is the acceleration due to gravity, H is the head
available at the site

III. Site Survey

The Haro River rises from the hills of Northern slopes of Moshpuri at an elevation of R.L 9258. It then
follows east to west direction till it comes to the foot hills of Nathia Gali. Then it is joined by several small
streams draining the slopes of the hills around Nathia Gali; from here onwards the general course of the
river is north east to south west.

1. Water Inflow Fig 1.

Khanpur Dam is fed by snow melting as well as by rains. The water inflows the whole year, but mostly in
summer season due to Monsoon rains. Maximum level of the dam is R.L 1982 while the minimum that is
also named as dead level is R.L 1910. Dam authorities keep watching out the weather forecast and open
spillways often as lake level reaches 1975 for safety purpose.

3. Khanpur Lake Level-Fig.2

Lake level remains changing whole year depending on the water inflows and discharge rate. Average
monthly level of the lake is as below:

4. Discharge of the Lake F-ig 3

The most important factor in the site survey for hydro power plant feasibility study was finding the
discharge of the Khanpur Lake. Wind movement and speed also affects the power production of the plant.
We used anemometer measurements and got issued from the National University of Science and
technology.

Khanpur dam gate valve remains open almost round the year because it supplies the drinking water to
Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Capital Development Authority pays royalty to KPK government for providing
drinking water. Monthly outflow is as given below:

5. Head of the lake Fig. 4

Finding the head was also an important and key factor for the feasibility of power plant. Average monthly
head is given in the next figure.

6. Silting of Inflow Stream

Seepage also affects power generation capacity. So we take this factor as 3% according to Dam
authorities and keeping in mind the location of dam on earth map. Lake is having a number silt traps.
These have gradually silted up in last 2 decades and have piled up from 3m to 7m. WAPDA recognizes
the necessity of repairing traps in near future [7].

Turbine Selection:

The choice of the best turbine for any particular hydro site depends upon the site features, the major ones
being the head and ow available [8].

Our selected site has a head variation from 7m to 26m with water flow variation from 0.9 cubic meters to
5.9 cubic meters per second. The figure below shows the selection of different turbines with respect to
head of reservoir and discharge. Khanpur site data is marked in bold red box.

We can select Kaplan and cross flow turbines for power generation. After discussions with hydro power
professionals, cross flow turbine is selected because of its local manufacturing, availability, low cost and
reliability [9].
IV. Simulation and Modeling -Fig. 6

Now that all the parameters are defined we can calculate the value of total power delivered and annual
revenue using Simulink model designed for Khanpur Power Plant. This data is modeled in Matlab using
look-up tables. We calculated currents and voltages in three phase using three phase Measurement
Block and Phasor Block in Simulink [10]. Power generated at the site is averagely 512kW/h at the year
span. Power generated will be provided to Khanpur society first to fulfill its power demand. For such a
purpose voltage is stepped down and power is delivered to the society. The remaining power will be
transmitted to Tarnawa feeder that is most nearby feeder [11]. In model we used synchronous generator
for generation as shown in the diagrams.

V. Cost Analysis

Capital investment is the major component of any project's implementation. Bids were taken from local
power plant equipment manufacturers and construction companies having license of Pakistan
Engineering Council for two separate works.

We are quoting here the least bids:

Chitral Engineering Works, Taxila quoted the least bid for turbine and generator that was 74600/kW Rs.
Hydro link, Wah Cant. quoted the least bid for civil work + labor + syphon tube + RCC + valves that was
Rs. 64835389. Suppose average unit price is 9 Rs.

Avg. Monthly Revenue (M RS.)

Jan###Feb###Mar###Apr###May###Jun###Jul###Aug###Sep###Oct###Nov###Dec

1.1###1.2###3.5###3.5###3.8###3.3###2.7###3.1###4###5.1###4.6###4

So, total annual revenue is 40.2 Million Rupees.

Rate of Return

Avg. site potential###514 kW/h

Max Power Produced###1021 kW

###Power Plant Proposed###1021 Kw

Turbines and Generator Cost / kW###74600 PKR.

Turbines and Generator Cost of###76166600 Rs.

Power Plant

Annual Revenue###40200000 Rs.

Civil Work for Plant + Labour +###64835389 Rs.

Syphon tube + RCC + Wolves

Total Cost of Power Plant###141001989

Pay Back Time###3 years 6

###months

VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATION

Installation of power plant at Khanpur Dam is proposed which have average of 514kW/h of production.
Syphon tube is suggested for the hurdle of tunnel nonexistence. This project is quite feasible because it
will pack in less than 4 years for sure. Building large dams cost a huge amount of money so emphasis
must be to build small dams so that water resource could be utilized properly.

Along with proposed site, there are other two sites as well which are feasible for power production. Two of
those sites are shown in figure below which doesn't need any alteration and extra civil work.

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