Thinh Long High School Teacher: Mai

ChÝnh
§Ó vµng ®Çy r¬ng ch¼ng quý b»ng d¹y con häc mét quyÓn
s¸ch.
Cho con ngµn vµng ch¼ng b»ng d¹y con biÕt mét nghÒ
( S¸ch H¸n Th)
Language focus of unit 4
Gerund and Present Participle/ Perfect gerund and Perfect Participle
I. Gerund and Present Participle
1. Gerund (danh ®éng tõ) ®îc cÊu t¹o bëi mét ®éng tõ + ING ®Ó trë
thµnh danh tõ.
- Gerund cã chøc n¨ng lµm chñ ng÷ trong c©u.
VÝ dô: Swimming in a swimming pool on a hot day is very
interesting.
-Gerund cã chøc n¨ng lµm t©n ng÷ trong c©u.
VÝ dô : He likes playing football.
- Gerund cã chøc n¨ng lµm bæ ng÷ trong c©u.
VÝ dô : Conservation is safeguarding and preservation of natural
resources.
- Còng nh nh÷ng danh tõ kh¸c, Gerund còng ®îc dïng sau mét m¹o tõ,
tÝnh tõ së h÷u,…
VÝ dô: Do you mind opening the door?
The reclaiming is important for farmers.
Thank you for your coming.
-Gerund ®«i khi ®Ó thµnh lËp danh tõ kÐp.
VÝ dô : a diving board, driving licence, landing car
2. Present Participle( Ph©n tõ hiÖn t¹i) ®îc cÊu t¹o bëi mét ®éng tõ
+ ING
_ Present participle (V_ing) ®i sau ®«ng tõ TO BE ®Ó diÔn t¶ hµnh
®éng ®ang x¶y ra.
VÝ dô: I am studying English now.
- Present Participle ( V_ing) ®îc dïng thay thÕ mét mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ.
VÝ dô: The train arriving at the station is one hour late. ( The train
which is arriving at the station is one hour late.)
Present Participle ( V-ing) dïng ®Ó miªu t¶ hai hµnh ®éng.
+ x¶y ra cïng mét thêi ®iÓm, mét chñ ng÷.
VÝ du; We sat in front of T.V, watching football.
+ x¶y ra nèi tiÕp nhau, cïng chung mét chñ ng÷
VÝ dô: Closing all the windows and the door carefully, she went
to bed.
- Present participle ( V_ ing) còng ®îc dïng nh mét tÝnh tõ .
VÝ dô: running water, a boring story…
Present participle còng ®îc dïng sau cÊu tróc have + sb + V_ing
VÝ dô: I had him cleaning his bike.
Present Participle.: ®îc dïng sau ®éng tõ “go”
VÝ dô: go swimming, go fishing.
Present participle ( V_ ing ) cßn cã thÓ ®îc dïng sau mét sè ®éng tõ
thuéc vÒ gi¸c quan nh: see, hear, smell….
VÝ dô : I see him passing my house everyday.
Present Participle ( V_ ing) còng ®îc dïng sau c¸c ®éng tõ catch, find,
leave, object.
VÝ dô : I caught them stealing my apples.
Thinh Long High School Teacher: Mai
ChÝnh
He found a tree lying across the road.
I left her talking to my mother.
II. Perfect gerund and Perfect Participle.
1. Perfect gerund ®îc dïng thay cho d¹ng hiªn t¹i cña danh ®éng tõ
khi chóng ta ®Ò cËp tíi hµnh ®éng qu¸ khø.
VÝ dô : The boy was accused of having stolen/ stealing her money.
She apologized for having broken / breaking my vase.
Perfect gerund thêng dïng sau DENY
VÝ dô: He denied having stolen her money.
2. Perfect Participle.( ph©n tõ qu¸ khø) cã cÊu tróc : Having + PII .
Ph©n tõ qu¸ khø dïng ®Ó nhÊn m¹nh hnµh ®éng ®· x¶y ra hoµn t©t
tríc mét hµnh ®éng kh¸c x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø.
VÝ dô: Having finished all my exercises, I went to bed.
Exercises.
I. Hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau ®©y víi d¹ng ®óng cña ®éng tõ vµ
cho biÕt chóng lµ Gerund hay Present Participle.
1. ( Feel) ……….. hungry, he went into the kitchen and opened the
fridge.
2. My boss spends two hours a day ( travel) …….to work
3. ( Swim) ………. is my favourite sport.
4. One of life’s pleasure is ( have) ……….breakfast in bed.
5. ( Whistle) ………. to himself, he walked down the road.
6. In spite of ( miss) ……… the train , we arrived on time.
7. They found the money ……….( lye) on the ground.
8. He was trapped in a (burn)……….. house.
9. I’m tired of …………( work) eight hours a day.
10. She always puts off (go) ………… to the dentist.
II. Hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau ®©y víi d¹ng ®óng cña ®éng tõ lµ
Gerund ,Present Participle, perfect participle.
1. She admitted ( kill) her husband.
2. I reget ( write) ………… her that letter.
3. I enjoy ( play)…… tennis with my friends.
4. Martin denied (see) …….. the accused man on the day of the
crime.
5. ( Tell) …….. me that she would never speak to me again , she
picked up her stuff and stormed out of the house.
6. – Will you enter for the next eloquence contest?
- (Win) ……… twice , I don’t want to try again. Let’s give chances to
other.
7. ( Improve ) ……. her English Pia’s promotion prospects are much
better.
III. ViÕt l¹i nh÷ng c©u sau b»ng c¸ch thay thÕ phÇn in nghiªng
víi PerfecParticiple mµ nghÜa ko ®æi.
1. We switched off the lights before we went to bed.
-> Having switched off the lights, we went to bed.
2. The boy asked his mother’s permission and then went out to play.
->………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. As he had drunk too much, he didn’t drive home himself.
->………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. We have done two tests today, so we are exhausted.
Thinh Long High School Teacher: Mai
ChÝnh
->………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. She filled the washing machine and switched it on.
->………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. She had been to disco the night before and she overslept in the
morning.
->………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the
evening.
->………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. She had not slept for two days and therefore she wasn’t able to
concentrate.
->………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn’t recognize him.
->………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. I had not ridden a horse for a long time and I found it very difficult
to keep in the saddle.
->………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. Zoe had practiced a lot, so she was sure of her winning in the
competition.
->………………………………………………………………………………………..
IV. ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau mµ nghÜa kh«ng ®æi.
1. Nam won a scholarship. We are excited about that fact.
-> We’re ………………………………………………………………
2. Entering the room, I was surprised at what I saw.
-> When ………………………………………………………………
3. The volunteers couldn’t mow the old lady’s lawns because of the
rain.
-> The rain prevented …………………………………………………
4. David did his homework and the went to bed.
-> After having ………………………………………… ……………
5. It is easy for anyone to learn how to cook.
-> Learning…………………………………………………………….
VII. ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau dïng After and Before.
1. I told him off. Then I realized I was wrong.
-> After I had told him off, I realized I was wrong.
2. I worked very hard for the exam. Then I passed it.
-> Before…………………………………………………………….
3. First I considered what to study. Then I decided to major in Maths.
-> After………………………………………………………………..
4. She wrote a letter. Then she went to bed.
-> After……………………………
5. He bought a radio. First he checked the price.
-> After…………………………………
6. They argued. Then they fought.
-> After……………………………………………
7. She went out for a walk. Then she had a fatal accident.
-> Before…………………………………………………
8. She decided to go away. First she faced the matter.
-> After…………………………….
9. We read the book, then we wrote the assignment.
Thinh Long High School Teacher: Mai
ChÝnh
-> Before………………………………………………..
10. She watched the film, then she wrote a report.
-> After…………………………………
VIII. ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau dïng Gerund Phrase ( côm danh ®éng tõ)
1. A good way of keeping fit is to swim everyday.
-> Swimming everyday is a good way of keeping fit.
2. It takes a long time to learn a foreign language.
->………………………………………………………
3. Grow your own food. It’s less expensive.
->…………………………………………………………
4. It is uncomfortable to sit in one place for so long.
->…………………………………………………
5. You are not allow to smoke here.
->…………………………………………………..
C¸ch ph¸t ©m
I. C¸ch ph¸t ©m cña nh÷ng tõ tËn cïng lµ - ed
Nh÷ng ®éng tõ qu¸ khø cã quy t¾c kÕt thóc lµ - ed ®ùoc ph¸t ©m
nh sau:
1. /d/ sau nguyªn ©m a, e, i, o, u vµ c¸c phô ©m h÷u thanh
( trõ /d/): / ð/, /b/, /v/, /z/, / ʒ/, /dʒ/, /g/, /m/, /n/, /l/, /η/
tried /traid/ clothed /kləuðd/
used /ju:zd/ failed /feild/
2. / t/ sau c¸c phô ©m v« thanh (trõ /t/): / θ /, /p/, /f/,
/s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /k/
stopped /stɔpt/ laughed /la:ft/ worked /wз: kt/
passed /pa:st/ watched /wɔt∫t/
3. /id/ sau chØ 2 phô ©m /d/ vµ /t/
ended / ‘endid/ started/ ‘sta:tid/
II. C¸ch ph¸t ©m cña nh÷ng danh tõ sè nhiÒu cã quy t¾c.
1. Nh÷ng danh tõ kÕt thóc ë /s/, /z/ vµ nh÷ng ©m giã kh¸c.
Sau mét trong nh÷ng ©m giã: /s/, /z/, /∫/, /ʒ/, / t∫/, vµ /dʒ/,
và cïng với nh÷ng danh tõ sè nhiÒu kÕt thóc ë –(e)s ®îc ph¸t ©m lµ
/iz/
buses /‘bʌsiz/ crashes /‘kræ∫iz/ watches /‘wɔt∫iz/
quizzes / ‘kwiziz/ garages /‘gæra:∫iz/ bridge / ‘bridʒz/

2.Nh÷ng danh tõ kÕt thóc ë nh÷ng ©m v« thanh

Sau nh÷ng phô ©m v« thanh: ( /p/, /f/, /θ/, /t/, và /k/)
và cïng với những danh từ số nhiÒu kÕt thóc ở –(e)s ®îc ph¸t ©m lµ/s/
cups /cʌps/ cloths /klɔθs/ books /buks/
beliefs / bi‘li:fs/ plates /pleits/

3. Nh÷ng danh tõ kÕt thóc ë nh÷ng phụ ©m h÷u thanh .

Sau c¸c nguyªn ©m, vµ nh÷ng phô ©m h÷u thanh trõ /z/, /ʒ/, vµ /dʒ/,
vµ cïng với những danh tõ sè nhiÒu kÕt thóc ở –(e)s ®îc ph¸t ©m lµ /z/
days /deiz/ boys /biz/ trees /tri:z/
knives /naivz/ hills /hilz/ dreams /dri:mz/

legs /legz/ ends /endz/ clothes /kləuðz/

Choose the word which has the underlined part is pronounced different from the others.
Thinh Long High School Teacher: Mai
ChÝnh
1. A. fitted B. wicked C. locked D. intended
2. A. matched B. educated C. enriched D. washed
3. A. attended B. improved C. dedicated D. exhibited
4. A. killed B. developed C. threatened D. endangered
5. A. wanted B. looked C. needed D. visited
6. A. planned B. worked C. helped D. galloped
7. A. hoped B. referred C. shopped D. laughed
8. A. hurried B. studied C. stayed D. started
9. A. watched b. passed C. used D. washed
10. A. moved B. hoped C. married D. danced
11. A. retired B. escaped C. faded D. played
12. A. believed B. asked C. allowed D. died
13. A. called B. phoned C. showed D. finished
14. A. fired B. traveled C. enjoyed D. decided
15. A. apologized B. explored C. rained D. wondered

17. A. programs B. individuals C. subjects D.celebrations

18. A. churches B. commandos C. photos D. wives
19. A. barracks B. series C. means D.headquarters
20. A. crossroads B. species C. works (company) D. mosquitoes
21. A. babies B. Kennedys C. shops D. schools
22. A. houses B. horses C. matches D. computers
23. A. walls B. bosses C. goods D. fingers
24. A. arms B. legs C. heads D. chests
25. A. brothers B. parents C. uncles D. nephews
26. A. hears B. dreams C. wishes D. sees
27. A. knows B. lives C. stays D. meets
28. A. regrets B. remembers C. drinks D. laughs