Lesson 2.

8:
Optimization
Problems

Chapter 2: Derivatives
Tasks!
For 60 minutes, each student must
• Read and study the topic involving Optimization Problems;
• Answer the Online Quiz posted under Modules Week 11 Day 1.

As part of the Performance Task,

• On a short bond paper/graph paper, construct a creative summary on
the steps and techniques needed in solving optimization problems.
Objectives:
• The learner will be able to apply relative maximum or minimum in
solving optimization problems.
Concepts
In solving optimization problems, the first thing to do is to determine
what is to be optimized or maximized. Then determine the constraint.

A constraint is the quantity that is true regardless of the solution.

Example #1: The sum of two positive numbers is
12. What are these numbers if their product is a
maximum?
Let 𝒙 be one of the two positive Solve for one of the variables in
numbers. the constraint. Then, substitute
Let 𝒚 be the other positive the value of this variable in the
number. optimization equation.
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12 → This is the 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12 →constraint
constraint. 𝑦 = 12 − 𝑥
𝑃 = 𝑥𝑦 →This is the optimization 𝑃 = 𝑥𝑦 →optimization equation
equation. = 𝑥 12 − 𝑥
𝑃 = 12𝑥 − 𝑥 ,
Example #1: The sum of two positive numbers is
12. What are these numbers if their product is a
maximum?
Find the first derivative. Test
𝑃 = 12𝑥 − 𝑥 , 𝑃- = 12 − 2𝑥
𝑃- = 12 − 2𝑥 𝑃-- = −2 (negative)
𝑃-- > 0
Set the first derivative equal to zero. The maximum value
12 − 2𝑥 = 0 occurs when 𝒙 = 𝟔.
−2𝑥 = −12 𝑦 = 12 − 𝑥
𝑥=6 𝑦 = 12 − 6
𝑦=6

Hence,
the two numbers are 𝟔 and 𝟔.
Example #2: Find two positive numbers
whose product is 100 and whose sum is a
minimum.
Let 𝒙 be one of the two positive numbers. Find the first derivative.
Let 𝒚 be the other positive number. 𝑆 - = 1 + −1 100𝑥 4,
= 1 − 100𝑥 4,
𝑥 2 𝑦 = 100 → constraint
100 Set the first derivative to zero and solve for
= 𝒙.
𝑥 1 − 100𝑥 4, = 0
𝑆 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 →optimization equation 100
100 1− , =0
𝑆=𝑥+ 𝑥
𝑥45 ,
𝑥 − 100 = 0
= 𝑥 + 100𝑥
𝑥 , = 100
𝑥 = ± 100
𝑥 = 10 Disregard −10.
Disregard −10 because the problem is
asking for two positive numbers.
Example #2: Find two positive numbers
whose product is 100 and whose sum is a
minimum.
Test 100
𝑆 - = 1 − 100𝑥 4, 𝑦=
𝑥
𝑆 -- = −100 −2 𝑥 47 100
= 200𝑥 47 =
10
200 10 →the other number
= 7
𝑥
200
= The positive numbers
10 7
= 0.2 are 𝟏𝟎 and 𝟏𝟎.
𝑆 -- > 0
The minimum value occurs
when 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎.
Example #3: You are asked to fence a rectangular region and maximize
the area. You are given 260 meters of fencing materials. What should be
the dimensions of the rectangular region?
Formula: Find the first derivative.
𝑷 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 →constraint 𝑑𝐴
= 130 − 2𝑥
𝑨 = 𝒙𝒚 →optimization equation 𝑑𝑥

𝑃 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 Set the first derivative equal to zero.

260 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 130 − 2𝑥 = 0
2𝑦 = 260 − 2𝑥 −2𝑥 = −130
𝑦 = 130 − 𝑥 𝑥 = −65

𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦
= 𝑥 130 − 𝑥
= 130𝑥 − 𝑥 ,
Example #3: You are asked to fence a rectangular region and maximize
the area. You are given 260 meters of fencing materials. What should be
the dimensions of the rectangular region?
Test 𝑦 = 130 − 𝑥
𝑑𝐴 = 130 − 65
= 130 − 2𝑥 = 65
𝑑𝑥
B CD
= −2 →negative
BE
𝑑, 𝐴 The width = 𝟔𝟓 meters.
<0
𝑑𝑥 The length = 𝟔𝟓 meters.
The maximum value occurs when
𝒙 = 𝟔𝟓.
Example #4: A rectangular garden is to be fenced off along the side of a
building. No fence is required along the side. There are 120 meters of
fencing materials to be used. Find the dimensions of the garden with
the largest area.
𝑷 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 →constraint Test
120 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
𝑦 = 120 − 2𝑥 = 120 − 4𝑥
𝑑𝑥
BCD
= −4 (negative)
BE
𝑨 = 𝒙𝒚 →optimization equation 𝑑, 𝐴
= 𝑥 120 − 2𝑥 <0
𝑑𝑥
= 120𝑥 − 2𝑥 , The maximum value occurs when 𝒙 = 𝟑𝟎.
𝑑𝐴
= 120 − 4𝑥 𝑦 = 120 − 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 120 − 2 30
120 − 4𝑥 = 0 = 120 − 60
−4𝑥 = −120 = 60
𝑥 = 30

The dimensions of the garden are 𝟑𝟎m by 𝟔𝟎m.

Example #5: An open box is to be made from a square cardboard with
sides measuring 𝟐𝟒 cm by cutting equal squares out of the corners and
turning up the sides. Find the height of the box that will give a
maximum volume.
Let 𝒙 be the height and 𝒔 be the Find the first derivative.
side of the base. 𝑉 = 4𝑥 7 − 96𝑥 , + 576𝑥
24 − 2𝑥 = 𝑠 →constraint 𝑉 - = 12𝑥 , − 192𝑥 + 576
𝑉 = 𝑠 , ℎ →optimization equation Set the first derivative equal to zero.
= 24 − 2𝑥 , 𝑥 12𝑥 , − 192𝑥 + 576 = 0
= 576 − 96𝑥 + 4𝑥 , 𝑥 12𝑥 − 144 𝑥 − 4 = 0
= 576𝑥 − 96𝑥 , + 4𝑥 7 12𝑥 − 144 = 0 or 𝑥 − 4 = 0
= 4𝑥 7 − 96𝑥 , + 576𝑥 12𝑥 = 144 𝑥 = 4
𝑥 = 12 𝑥=4
Disregard 𝑥 = 12 because the base
becomes zero if 𝑥 is 12 cm.
Example #5: An open box is to be made from a square cardboard with
sides measuring 𝟐𝟒 cm by cutting equal squares out of the corners and
turning up the sides. Find the height of the box that will give a
maximum volume.
Test
𝑉 - = 12𝑥 , − 192𝑥 + 576
𝑉 -- = 24𝑥 − 192
When 𝒙 = 𝟒,
𝑉 -- = 24𝑥 − 192
= 24 4 − 192
= 96 − 192
= −96 →negative

The height of the box that will give a maximum volume is 𝟒 cm.
Example #6: Find the dimensions of the right circular cylinder
of maximum volume which can be inscribed in a right circular
cone with a height of 40 cm and a base radius of 16 cm.
𝒙 = radius of the cylinder Find the first derivative.
𝑥 40 − ℎ -
15 ,
= 𝑉 = 80𝜋𝑥 − 𝜋𝑥
16 40 2
40𝑥 = 16 40 − ℎ Set the first derivative equal to zero.
40𝑥 = 640 − 16ℎ 15 ,
16ℎ = 640𝑥 − 40𝑥 80𝜋𝑥 − 𝜋𝑥 = 0
640 40𝑥 2
ℎ= − 160𝜋𝑥 − 15𝜋𝑥 , = 0
16 16 𝜋𝑥 160 − 15𝑥 = 0
5
ℎ = 40 − 𝑥 𝜋𝑥 = 0 or 160 − 5𝑥 = 0
2
𝑥=0 −15𝑥 = −160
𝑽 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉 → 𝒓 = 𝒙 𝑥=0 𝑥=
7,

,
5 7
= 𝜋𝑥 40 − 𝑥 Disregard 𝑥 = 0.
2
5𝜋
= 40𝜋𝑥 , − 𝑥7
2
Example #6: Find the dimensions of the right circular cylinder
of maximum volume which can be inscribed in a right circular
cone with a height of 40 cm and a base radius of 16 cm.
Test 5
15 , ℎ = 40 − 𝑥
𝑉- = 80𝜋𝑥 − 𝜋𝑥 2
5 32
2
15 = 40 −
--
𝑉 = 80𝜋 − 2 𝜋𝑥 2 3
2 160
= 80𝜋 − 15𝜋𝑥 = 40 −
6
𝟑𝟐 𝟐 80
When 𝒙 = or 𝟏𝟎 =
𝟑 𝟑 6
32
𝑉 -- = 80𝜋− 15𝜋 WX
= or 13
5
3 7 7
= 80𝜋 − 5𝜋 32
= 80𝜋 − 160𝜋
CONCLUSION:
= −80𝜋 →negative 𝟐
𝑉 -- < 0 The radius of the cylinder is 𝟏𝟎 cm and the
𝟏 𝟑
𝟑𝟐 height is 𝟏𝟑 cm.
The maximum value occurs when 𝒙 = 𝟑
𝟑
Activity and Assignment
Performance Task
On a short bond paper/graph paper, construct a creative summary on the
steps and techniques needed in solving optimization problems.

Online Activity
Answer the Quiz posted under Modules Week 11 Day 1 on the topic
Optimization Problems.

Stay at home and be educated.

Keep safe and be healthy… both physically and mentally.