Name: TESORO, Gabriel Paul A.

Subject: ETHICS 1

Section: X3

Read William Graham Sumner’s "The Case of Ethical Relativism. and answer the following
guide questions:

1. What are Folkways and how do they relate to the discussion of ethics?
Folkways are the customs that develop a connection to a particular community. It
became the beacon of some superstitions or practices in a way that shapes the way they
act in a certain way in some instances. More so, ethnocentrism plays a vital role in
understanding the morals of those practices and understanding the perception of them
from others. It may exaggerate how it will be illustrated from the other practices, but it
strengthens their folkways on another level of understanding towards proper morals.

2. What are Mores and how do they relate to the discussion of ethics?
Mores are the developed version of folkways where it now has extended
constructive influence over society. The connection between ethics and mores is knowing
the right standard. In addition, the creation of the basic principles of some established
doctrines was based on the “morals” taught to a specific society. As a result, these, which
are mores and ethics, are studied through discussions and factual deliberations amongst
various community sectors because morals are yet to be defined.

3. How are Laws formed and what implications do they have in morality?
Laws are formed from ideas, notions, discussions, and concepts from the mores.
Regarding its implication in morality, the law is constantly progressing concerning some
philosophical principles in a community. These laws continuously clash with some
people's traditional customs, resulting in delayed enactments. Moreover, the balance of
morality in-laws is sometimes ratified through "public opinion" so that it can align with the
values of the progressive society. It is always a debate on whether these new enactments
are to prevent evil or to pronounce it even further. The public will not see laws as too lax
or too strict as long as it conforms to the mores