Within the process industries, significant attention has been given to the

development of comprehensive safety management systems (SMSs) or

SHE management systems with the objective of protecting workers, the
public, and the environment. There are also requirements within legislation
such as the Seveso II Directive, European Union (EU) Directive 96/82/
EC,9 and subsequent country-specific legislation, requiring those companies
handling hazardous materials to have in place an adequate SMS and
to fulfill specified obligations. These requirements range from the preparation of
Major Accident Prevention Policies to submission of detailed safety
reports to a competent authority. Other non-EU countries have similar
legislation�for example, the Office of Safety and Health Administration
(USA) (OSHA) regulation 29CFR, Part 1910.119 (1992), Process Safety
Management (PSM)10 in the USA. An integral element of such systems is
the use of systematic techniques for the identification of hazards. In addition to
meeting legal requirements, there are considerable business benefits
to be gained from the use of a systematic and thorough approach to
hazard identification. These benefits include improvement of quality, faster
start-up, and a reduction of subsequent operability problems.
For a new project, the greatest benefit is obtained by carrying out
a number of studies throughout the design process. One such sequence
is the Hazard Study (HS) methodology developed by ICI which used
six stages.4,11 Each study verifies that the actions of previous studies
have been carried out and signed off, and that the hazard and environmental issues
have been identified and are being addressed in a timely
and detailed manner.
2.1 HS 1�CONCEPT STAGE HAZARD REVIEW
In this first study, the basic hazards of the materials and the operation
are identified and SHE criteria set. It identifies what information is
needed and the program of studies required to ensure that all SHE
issues are adequately addressed. The aspects covered may include
HAZOP: Guide to Best Practice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-39460-
4.00002-5
Copyright � 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Within the process industries, significant attention has been given to the
development of comprehensive safety management systems (SMSs) or
SHE management systems with the objective of protecting workers, the
public, and the environment. There are also requirements within legislation
such as the Seveso II Directive, European Union (EU) Directive 96/82/
EC,9 and subsequent country-specific legislation, requiring those companies
handling hazardous materials to have in place an adequate SMS and
to fulfill specified obligations. These requirements range from the preparation of
Major Accident Prevention Policies to submission of detailed safety
reports to a competent authority. Other non-EU countries have similar
legislation�for example, the Office of Safety and Health Administration
(USA) (OSHA) regulation 29CFR, Part 1910.119 (1992), Process Safety
Management (PSM)10 in the USA. An integral element of such systems is
the use of systematic techniques for the identification of hazards. In addition to
meeting legal requirements, there are considerable business benefits
to be gained from the use of a systematic and thorough approach to
hazard identification. These benefits include improvement of quality, faster
start-up, and a reduction of subsequent operability problems.
For a new project, the greatest benefit is obtained by carrying out
a number of studies throughout the design process. One such sequence
is the Hazard Study (HS) methodology developed by ICI which used
six stages.4,11 Each study verifies that the actions of previous studies
have been carried out and signed off, and that the hazard and environmental issues
have been identified and are being addressed in a timely
and detailed manner.
2.1 HS 1�CONCEPT STAGE HAZARD REVIEW
In this first study, the basic hazards of the materials and the operation
are identified and SHE criteria set. It identifies what information is
needed and the program of studies required to ensure that all SHE
issues are adequately addressed. The aspects covered may include
HAZOP: Guide to Best Practice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-39460-
4.00002-5
Copyright � 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.