Tense of a sentence gives you an idea of the time when the incident

mentioned in a statement takes place. At the same time, it is that critical

factor that can most commonly leads people to mistakes while framing a
sentence or while identifying the time of events. With your knowledge of
tenses strong, fluent English and flawless grammar isn't too far away from
you. Here, in this article, all the various types of tenses are explained, along
with their structure and examples, to help you get a much clearer picture of
this important part of speech; it would also provide you the confidence to pick
the right type of tense. Though it might seem complicated when you try to
glance through the write-up, tenses aren't that difficult to understand; spend
some time on each tense mentioned and see yourself framing better
sentences than before. Read the following section carefully. The examples
mentioned below can guide you through for sure.

Tenses In English

Present Tense

Simple Present Tense

A sentence is presented in simple present tense when it is used to describe
an action that's happening at present and does not indicate when the action is
expected to end. Simple present tense is used when:

 The action that is taking place in general.

 The action is not only occurring now; it repeats after regular intervals of
time.
 To indicate facts those are generally true.
 The action for relating habits and routines that happen all the time, be
it in the future, past or present.

Structure:
Verb "+s/es" form is used;

 If subject is 3rd person singular.

The verb is used in its original form;
 If subject is 1st and/or 2nd person singular.
 If subject is 1st and/or 2nd person plural.
 If subject is 3rd person plural.

Some Examples:

 The sun sets in the west.

  All the cars stop at this crossing.
 Michael teaches social studies in a school.
 That notice reads, “No parking”.
 Rajdhani leaves at seven in the morning.
 The teacher said if she works hard she will pass.
 There goes the taxi.
 Do you play tennis?
 He does not go to the temple.
 Does he write novels?

Present Progressive Or Present Continuous

Though the simple present and present continuous tenses are used
interchangeably, present continuous usually defines an act that is going on at
the time of speaking.

The sentences with present progressive tense are used when:

 Something is taking place now, while speaking and has a definite end
as well.
 When something is already decided and arranged as well to perform it.
 To indicate an undesirable habit.

Structure:

 Use first form of the verb “+ing”

 Singular 3rd person subject — use ‘is’
 Plural 1st, 2nd and 3rd person and singular 2nd person subject — use
‘are’
 1st person singular — use ‘am’

In other words, it is "Subject + be (is, am, are) + Verb+ -ing + Object"

Some Examples:

 Please wait for a moment, Shyam is talking to Mary.

 We are late; he will be waiting for us at the restaurant now.
 Mom, I am playing football.
 Are they still living here?
 She is having her breakfast now.
  I’m planning to meet the Director tonight.

Present Perfect Tense

It's probably the most used tense form in English Grammar and is also
considered difficult to understand. The Present Perfect Tense explains the
incident that has happened in the past and that continues until the present
time.

Examples

 For almost five generations, my family members have been engineers.

 In order to avoid delays in my work, I have been doing it regularly.
 I have always wanted to ride on this vehicle.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense 

Usually, Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used for a situation that has
occurred in the past and which continues until that moment.

Structure:

 Use the first form of the verb + “–ing”

 Singular subject (has been), Plural subject or I (have been)
 ‘Since’— if the point of time is mentioned.
 ‘For’ — if the duration of time is specified.

Examples:

 I have been eating apples today.

 You have not been studying for the past month.
 We haven’t been playing with Mary since Tuesday.

Past Tense

Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense is used to narrate an action of the past. The verb in the
past tense ends with an '-ed' and hence, there are seven ways of marking the
irregular verbs in the past tense. The most common being the change of the
vowel as in 'drink' - 'drank'.

Construction
Subject + verb + Object

Examples:
  Katie worked in that office for almost four years.
 He passed away in 1999.
 We went for the movie yesterday.
 Three years ago, I studied at the Canada University.

Past Continuous Tense

This from of tense indicates activities that have already happened in the past
and have been completed before the time of mention. These sentences are
formed with the help of an auxiliary verb and giving the main verb an 'ing'
ending.

Structure 
Subject + was/were + Verb in its -ing form + Object

Examples:

 He was washing the dishes, while she was cooking dinner.

 I was working at 11p.m yesterday.
 We were playing football when it started to rain.
 She was reading a thriller novel when I called her.
 What were you doing when Sam arrived?
 I was walking down the street yesterday when the police van was
patrolling the city.

Past Perfect Tense

This tense refers to a non-continuous action that was already completed in
the past. Such sentences are formed by using the Simple Past form of the
auxiliary verb 'to have', followed by the past participle form of the verb.

Structure 
Subject + had + past participle form of verb + Object

Example:

 I had never seen such a beautiful before.

 She understood the movie only because she had read the book.
 Clara had never been to a club before last night.
 We didn’t get a room in the hotel because we had not booked in
advance.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
A continuous action that was completed sometime in the past falls under Past
Perfect Continuous tense. Such sentences are framed by using the modal,
'had' + 'been' + the present participle of the verb (-ing).

Structure:
Subject + had + been + Verb (ing) + object

Example:

 I had been playing the guitar all morning.

 I had been sleeping all the way from the beginning of the class.
 He had been trying to call her.
 Until this year, Neha had been going to a village school.
 The baby had been crying out loud for minutes when her mother fed
her.

Future Tense

Simple Future Tense

This tense is used for those sentences which refer to the actions which will
occur later, in future. This requires a future tense auxiliary verb even though
the verb would be unmarked.

Examples:

 You will be done before me.

 She will not come tomorrow.
 Will you come to play with me after school?
 I will keep in touch with you.
 I will reach home by 7p.m.
 He will stay with us for 3 days.

Future Continuous Tense

This tense defines those acts which will be continued at a future point of time.
In order to form a future continuous tense sentence, a future auxiliary verb is
required followed by a main verb that ends with -ing.

Structure:
'will' + 'be' + present participle of the verb (ing).

Construction
  Use first form of the verb (+ing)
 1st and 2nd person — ‘Shall be’
 3rd person — ‘Will be’

However, nowadays this distinction of 'will' and 'shall' is not followed. Instead,
'will' is used wherever absolute conviction is required to be expressed while
the usage of 'shall' depends on individual writing style.

Examples:

 We assume that our representative will be winning the elections that

are to be held at the end of April.
 Today, she will be walking all the way to her house from her office.
 I will be watching the new movie next week.
 By this time tomorrow, I will be at home watching T.V.

Future Perfect Tense

This tense is used to express an act that is predicted to be finished within a
certain span of time in the future. Such sentences are formed by 'will' + 'have'
+ 'past participle of the verb'.

Examples:

 By the end of the year, he will have saved enough for his sister’s
wedding.
 You will have left for London by the time this bridge gets renewed.
 Calvin will have gone by the time you reach there by bus.
 I will have walked 15 kms by this time.
 How long will it have been since we were here together?

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

This tense form indicates an action that is continuous and, at some point in
the future, it will be completed. It is formed using the modal 'will/shall' + 'have'
+ 'been' + 'the past participle of the verb (-ing)'.

Examples:

 Next Saturday, I will have been working on this assignment for three
years.
 Tomorrow, at this time, I shall have been playing cricket since morning.
  I will have been studying English for two hours by the time you arrive
here. 

Tenses are critical to sensible and flawless language. They help you
convey your ideas clearly by way of words. They help indicate the time of
the statement and provide the reader with a crystal-clear picture of incidents.
With mere practice, you will be able to grab all the concepts of the correct
usage of the tenses.

TENSE CHART

TENSE    CHART  

Verb
Tense Use Example
to play)
▪ Anne and Sophie play tennis on
I play  Present simple                    ▪ Regular activities - routine - habits
Saturday afternoons.
 ▪ Continuous action now or at the ▪ Anne and Sophie are playing at the
I am playing  Present continuous     
present time. moment.
▪ So far they have played two sets.
 ▪ Finished part of a continuous action
▪ They have played several other
 ▪ Completed actions in an unfinished
matches this month.
period of time
 Present Perfect Simple ▪ Their parents have just arrived. 
I have played  ▪ Recent events (no time mentioned)
                                              ▪ Sophie has broken her racket so
 ▪ Past action with a result in the
she's got to change it.
present.
▪ They have played in many
 ▪ Experiences (no time mentioned)
tournaments.
I have been  ▪ Actions begun in the past which ▪ They have been playingtennis
 Present Perfect Continuous 
playing continue today. since 2 pm.
 ▪ Finished actions at a specific time ▪ Last Saturday Sophie played in
I played  Past Simple                          
in the past. another tournament.
 ▪ Continuous actions at a specific ▪ At 2.30 pm they were starting the
I was playing  Past Continuous                   
time in the past. second set.
 ▪ Actions before a specific time in ▪ Before they arrived, two other
I had played  Past Perfect Simple             
the past. people had played a match.
I had been ▪ When their parents arrived,
 Past Perfect Continuous        ▪ Past continuous actions
playing they were already playing.
 ▪ Predictions  ▪ Sophie will win the match today.
I will play  Future simple                        
 ▪ Spontaneous decisions or offers ▪ I'll lend you my tennis racket!
▪ Next Saturday they will be
I will be playing  Future continuous               ▪ Future continuous actions
playing in another town.
▪ By September, they will have
I will have played  Future perfect                     ▪ Completed future action.
played 12 matches.
I will have been  ▪ Continuous future action completed ▪ At 4 pm Anne and Sophie will
 Future perfect continuous
playing at a given time. have been playing for 2 hours.
  ▪ Probable action in an imaginary ▪ I would play tennis if I had a
I would play  Conditional Simple              
situation racket.
I would be  ▪ Continuous action in an imaginary ▪ Anne would be playing tennis if
 Conditional Continuous
playing situation. you came on a Saturday afternoon.
I would have  ▪ Speculating about hypothetical ▪ I would have played
 Conditional  Perfect
played situations in the past. yesterday if you had asked me.
I would have ▪ I would have been playing with
 Cond. Perfect Continuous  ▪ Continuous hypothetical situations.
been playing Anne if I had won my last match.

Definition:
tense (noun): a form of a verb used to indicate the time, and
sometimes the continuation or completeness, of an action in
relation to the time of speaking. 
Tense is a method that we use in English to refer to time -
past, present and future. Many languages use tenses to talk
about time. Other languages have no tenses, but of course
they can still talk about time, using different methods.
So, we talk about time in English with tenses. But, and this is
a very big but:

 we can also talk about time without using tenses (for

example, going to is a special construction to talk about
the future, it is not a tense)
 one tense does not always talk about one time
(see Tense & Time for more about this)

Here are some of the terms used in discussing verbs and

tenses.
Definition of Tense
Definition:
The time of a verb's action or state of being, such as present or
past.
Many contemporary linguists equate tenses with
the inflectional categories of a verb. English maintains an
inflectional distinction only between the present (for
example, laugh or leave) and the past (laughed,left). (See
Observations, below.)
For a discussion of the relation of tense and aspect, see
Observations, below.
 See also:
Tense and Aspect: Present, Past, and Future
         A Broader Definition
"Some grammarians define a tense as an inflection of the verb--a
change of meaning you achieve by altering the form of the verb. So
the past tense of win is won. In this sense, English has only two
tenses, present and past. But for everyday use--especially for those
who are studying foreign languages--this strict definition of tense
is not very helpful. There is a broader use of the word [tense]: a
form of the verb phrase which gives information about aspect and
time."
(John Seely, Grammar for Teachers. Ox pecker, 2007)

Misleading Labels
"In discussing tense, labels such as present tense, past tense, and
future tense are misleading, since the relationship between tense
and time is often not one-to-one. Present and past tenses can be
used in some circumstances to refer to future time (e.g. If he comes
tomorrow . . ., If he came tomorrow . . .); present tenses can refer
to the past (as in newspaper headlines, e.g. Minister resigns . . .,
and in colloquial narrative, e.g. So she comes up to me and
says . . .); and so on."
(Bas Aarts, Sylvia Chalker, and Edmund Weiner, Oxford
Dictionary of English Grammar, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press,
2014)

What is the type of tense?

The tense of a verb shows the time of an event or action.

There are four types of tenses. Simple, Perfect, Continuous and
Present Perfect Continuous and each of these has a present, past
and future form.

What Is the Past Tense? (with Examples)

The past tense describes a past event or a state of being.

Examples of the Types of Past Tenses

The past tense is categorized further depending on whether the action was in
progress or has been completed. The four past tenses are:

The 4 Past Examples Uses

Tenses
 simple past      I went. The simple past tense is used to describe
tense      The Martians landed a completed activity that started in the
near the aqueduct. past and ended in the past.

past      I was going. The past progressive tense is used to

progressive      He was painting the describe an on-going activity in the past.
tense door when a bird Often, it is used to set the scene for
struck the window. another action.

past perfect      I had gone. The past perfect tense is used to
tense      Silver finger had emphasize that an action was completed
taken the pill before before another took place.
the team reached him.

past perfect      I had been going. The past perfect progressive tense is
progressive      She had been used to show that an on-going action in
painting the door the past has ended.
before the dog
scratched it.

What Is the Present Tense? (with Examples)

The present tense predominantly describes a current event or
state of being. However, somewhat unusually, the present
tense can also be used to describe past and future events (more
on this below). For example:

         I jump in the lake every Saturday.

(present event)
         I am happy.
(present state of being)
         The meeting ends at 6 o'clock.
(future event)
(See "Uses" for Simple Present Tense in the table below.)
         A man walks into a bar. Ouch!
(past event)
(See "Uses" for Simple Present Tense in the table below.)
The tense of a verb is determined by when the action took place.
The three main tenses are:
         past tense
         present tense
         future tense

Examples of the Types of Present Tense

The present tense is categorised further depending on whether
the action is in progress or completed. The four present tenses
are:

The 4 Present Examples Uses

Tenses

simple present tense      I go. The simple present

      I like chocolate. tense is used:
      The train gets in
at 5 o'clock. (1) To describe facts
      A horse walks into and habits.
a bar, and the (2) To describe
barman says, "why scheduled events in the
the long face?" future.
(3) To tell stories to
make your listener or
reader feel more
engaged with the story.

present_progressive       I am going. The present

tense       Barny is looking progressive tense is
for the latest used for an on-going
brochure. action in the present.

present perfect       I have gone. The present perfect

tense       David has worked tense is used to
alongside two of describe actions that
the world's finest began in the past and
 scientists in the are still continuing into
field of the present.
entomology.

present perfect       I have been going. The present perfect

progressive       Amanda has been progressive tense is
relying on a pay used for:
rise to pay her
student loan. (1) a continuous
activity that began in
the past and continues
into the present, or
(2) a continuous
activity that began in
past but has now
finished (usually very
recently).

The future tense expresses a future event or a future state of

being. For example:

         I will jump in the lake.

(future event)
         I will be happy.
(future state of being)
The tense of a verb is determined by when the action took place.
The three main tenses are:

         past tense

         present tense
         future tense

Examples of the Types of Future Tense

The future tense is categorized further depending on whether the
action will be in progress or will be completed. The four future
tenses are:

The 4 Future Examples Uses

Tenses

simple future       I will go. The simple future tense is

tense       We will celebrate used for an action that will
our anniversary by occur in the future.
flying to New York.

future       I will be going. The future progressive tense

progressive       The Moscow State is used for an on-going
tense Circus will be action that will occur in the
performing in future.
Cheltenham for the
next 3 weeks.

future perfect      I will have gone. The future perfect tense is

tense       By the time you used to describe an action
arrive, we will have that will have been
finished the meal completed at some point in
and the speeches. the future.

future perfect      I will have been The future perfect

progressive going. progressive tense is used for
      In July next year, an on-going action that will
you will have been be completed at some
studying for 3 specified time in the future.
years.

Structure of All Tense, Structure of the Tense.

Structure of All Tense

Tense of a sentence gives you an idea of the time when the incident
mentioned in a statement takes place. At the same time, it is that critical factor
that can most commonly leads people to mistakes while framing a sentence
or while identifying the time of events. With your knowledge of tenses strong,
fluent English and flawless grammar isn't too far away from you. Here, in this
article, all the various types of tenses are explained, along with their structure
and examples, to help you get a much clearer picture of this important part of
speech; it would also provide you the confidence to pick the right type of
tense. Though it might seem complicated when you try to glance through the
write-up, tenses aren't that difficult to understand; spend some time on each
tense mentioned and see yourself framing better sentences than before. Read
the following section carefully. The examples mentioned below can guide you
through for sure.

Tenses In English

Present Tense

Simple Present Tense

A sentence is presented in simple present tense when it is used to describe
an action that's happening at present and does not indicate when the action is
expected to end. Simple present tense is used when:
  The action that is taking place in general.
 The action is not only occurring now; it repeats after regular intervals of
time.
 To indicate facts those are generally true.
 The action for relating habits and routines that happen all the time, be
it in the future, past or present.

Structure:
Verb "+s/es" form is used;

 If subject is 3rd person singular.

The verb is used in its original form;
 If subject is 1st and/or 2nd person singular.
 If subject is 1st and/or 2nd person plural.
 If subject is 3rd person plural.

Some Examples:

 The sun sets in the west.

 All the cars stop at this crossing.
 Michael teaches social studies in a school.
 That notice reads, “No parking”.
 Rajdhani leaves at seven in the morning.
 The teacher said if she works hard she will pass.
 There goes the taxi.
 Do you play tennis?
 He does not go to the temple.
 Does he write novels?

Present Progressive Or Present Continuous

Though the simple present and present continuous tenses are used
interchangeably, present continuous usually defines an act that is going on at
the time of speaking.

The sentences with present progressive tense are used when:

 Something is taking place now, while speaking and has a definite end
as well.
 When something is already decided and arranged as well to perform it.
  To indicate an undesirable habit.

Structure:

 Use first form of the verb “+ing”

 Singular 3rd person subject — use ‘is’
 Plural 1st, 2nd and 3rd person and singular 2nd person subject — use
‘are’
 1st person singular — use ‘am’

In other words, it is "Subject + be (is, am, are) + Verb+ -ing + Object"

Some Examples:

 Please wait for a moment, Shyam is talking to Mary.

 We are late; he will be waiting for us at the restaurant now.
 Mom, I am playing football.
 Are they still living here?
 She is having her breakfast now.
 I’m planning to meet the Director tonight.

Present Perfect Tense

It's probably the most used tense form in English Grammar and is also
considered difficult to understand. The Present Perfect Tense explains the
incident that has happened in the past and that continues until the present
time.

Examples

 For almost five generations, my family members have been engineers.

 In order to avoid delays in my work, I have been doing it regularly.
 I have always wanted to ride on this vehicle.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense 

Usually, Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used for a situation that has
occurred in the past and which continues until that moment.

Structure:

 Use the first form of the verb + “–ing”

 Singular subject (has been), Plural subject or I (have been)
  ‘Since’— if the point of time is mentioned.
 ‘For’ — if the duration of time is specified.

Examples:

 I have been eating apples today.

 You have not been studying for the past month.
 We haven’t been playing with Mary since Tuesday.

Past Tense

Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense is used to narrate an action of the past. The verb in the
past tense ends with an '-ed' and hence, there are seven ways of marking the
irregular verbs in the past tense. The most common being the change of the
vowel as in 'drink' - 'drank'.

Construction
Subject + verb + Object

Examples:

 Katie worked in that office for almost four years.

 He passed away in 1999.
 We went for the movie yesterday.
 Three years ago, I studied at the Canada University.

Past Continuous Tense

This from of tense indicates activities that have already happened in the past
and have been completed before the time of mention. These sentences are
formed with the help of an auxiliary verb and giving the main verb an 'ing'
ending.

Structure 
Subject + was/were + Verb in its -ing form + Object

Examples:

 He was washing the dishes, while she was cooking dinner.

 I was working at 11p.m yesterday.
 We were playing football when it started to rain.
 She was reading a thriller novel when I called her.
  What were you doing when Sam arrived?
 I was walking down the street yesterday when the police van was
patrolling the city.

Past Perfect Tense

This tense refers to a non-continuous action that was already completed in
the past. Such sentences are formed by using the Simple Past form of the
auxiliary verb 'to have', followed by the past participle form of the verb.

Structure 
Subject + had + past participle form of verb + Object

Example:

 I had never seen such a beautiful before.

 She understood the movie only because she had read the book.
 Clara had never been to a club before last night.
 We didn’t get a room in the hotel because we had not booked in
advance.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

A continuous action that was completed sometime in the past falls under Past
Perfect Continuous tense. Such sentences are framed by using the modal,
'had' + 'been' + the present participle of the verb (-ing).

Structure:
Subject + had + been + Verb (ing) + object

Example:

 I had been playing the guitar all morning.

 I had been sleeping all the way from the beginning of the class.
 He had been trying to call her.
 Until this year, Neha had been going to a village school.
 The baby had been crying out loud for minutes when her mother fed
her.

Future Tense

Simple Future Tense

This tense is used for those sentences which refer to the actions which will
occur later, in future. This requires a future tense auxiliary verb even though
the verb would be unmarked.

Examples:

 You will be done before me.

 She will not come tomorrow.
 Will you come to play with me after school?
 I will keep in touch with you.
 I will reach home by 7p.m.
 He will stay with us for 3 days.

Future Continuous Tense

This tense defines those acts which will be continued at a future point of time.
In order to form a future continuous tense sentence, a future auxiliary verb is
required followed by a main verb that ends with -ing.

Structure:
'will' + 'be' + present participle of the verb (ing).

Construction

 Use first form of the verb (+ing)

 1st and 2nd person — ‘Shall be’
 3rd person — ‘Will be’

However, nowadays this distinction of 'will' and 'shall' is not followed. Instead,
'will' is used wherever absolute conviction is required to be expressed while
the usage of 'shall' depends on individual writing style.

Examples:

 We assume that our representative will be winning the elections that

are to be held at the end of April.
 Today, she will be walking all the way to her house from her office.
 I will be watching the new movie next week.
 By this time tomorrow, I will be at home watching T.V.

Future Perfect Tense

This tense is used to express an act that is predicted to be finished within a
certain span of time in the future. Such sentences are formed by 'will' + 'have'
+ 'past participle of the verb'.
Examples:

 By the end of the year, he will have saved enough for his sister’s
wedding.
 You will have left for London by the time this bridge gets renewed.
 Calvin will have gone by the time you reach there by bus.
 I will have walked 15 kms by this time.
 How long will it have been since we were here together?

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

This tense form indicates an action that is continuous and, at some point in
the future, it will be completed. It is formed using the modal 'will/shall' + 'have'
+ 'been' + 'the past participle of the verb (-ing)'.

Examples:

 Next Saturday, I will have been working on this assignment for three
years.
 Tomorrow, at this time, I shall have been playing cricket since morning.
 I will have been studying English for two hours by the time you arrive
here. 

Tenses are critical to sensible and flawless language. They help you convey
your ideas clearly by way of words. They help indicate the time of the
statement and provide the reader with a crystal-clear picture of incidents. With
mere practice, you will be able to grab all the concepts of the correct usage of
the tenses.

In Simple Present, the action is simply mentioned and there is

nothing being said about its completeness. It is used to talk about
an action which happens on a regular basis.

What is Simple Present Tense?

USE: We use PRESENT SIMPLE to talk about:
1) PERMANENT SITUATIONS: An action or a situation is generally or permanently
true.
Example:
- We are English teachers at International School.
- Bopha lives in Cambodia.
- They have a lot of friends in the class.
2) ROUTINES: An action or something which we do regularly.
Example:
- Ratha always gets up at 5.30 and does exercises every morning.
- He goes to school by bicycle everyday.
- When he has free time, he plays football with his friends.
3) FACTS: Something which is in scientific.
Example:
- The earth moves round the sun.
- Spiders have eight legs.
- Aspirin is a medicine used to relieve headache.
4) PROGRAMS AND TIMETABLES: Something which is already prepared and
organized with definite time expression in the schedule for the future action.
Example:
- The train to Sihanouk Ville leaves at 7.30 and gets in to the station at 10.30.
- The call in program starts at 8.25.
- My work starts at 7:00 a.m. and finishes at 5:00 p.m.
FORMULA
Positive Sentence1:
Subject + bare infinitive + (object/complement)
Example:
- She cries.
- All Cambodian people are very friendly.
- Children eat ice-cream.
Positive Sentence1:
Sub + modal verb + bare infinitive + (obj/comp)
Example:
- They can listen in English.
- You should study hard.
Negative Sentence1:
Sub + be + not + obj/comp
Example:
- We are not students.
- That man is not happy.
Negative Sentence2:
Sub + modal verb + not + bare infinitive + (obj/comp)
Example:
- It may not rain.
- Students should not do bad things.
- You cannot be happy.
Negative Sentence3:
Sub + do/does + not + normal verb + (obj/comp)
Example:
- They do not laugh.
- Dara does not drink beer.
- Many people do not get up late.
Question1:
Be + Sub + obj/comp ?
Example:
- Is Chenda a businesswoman?
- Are your students clever?
Question2:
Modal verb + sub + bare infinitive + (obj/comp) ?
Example:
- Should you smile?
- Can Sitha speak English?
- May you move away from here?
Question3:
Do/Does + sub + bare infinitive + (obj/comp) ?
Example:
- Do people have to marry?
- Does John teach English?
- Do you feel exhausted?

What is Present Continuous Tense?

USE: We use PRESENT CONTINUOUS to talk about:
1) MOMENT OF SPEAKING: An activity that is taking place right now.
Example:
- They are reading newspaper.
- She is writing a letter to her friend.
- I am listening to the radio.
2) TEMPORARY SITUATION: An action which is occurring temporarily or around
now.
Example:
- John is staying in Cambodia.
- I am studying at Phnom Penh International University.
- Dara and Kanitha are building a new house.
3) FUTURE PLAN: An action that we have already arranged to do in the future.
Example:
- I am flying to the USA this afternoon.
- Kanha is visiting her homeland next week.
- They are having a party tonight.
FORMULA
Positive Sentence:
Subject + be + verb-ing + (object/complement)
Example:
- I am laughing.
- He is speaking English.
- We are feeling bored.
Negative Sentence:
Sub + be + not + verb-ing + (obj/comp)
Example:
- The car is not running properly.
- They are not sleeping.
- I am not going to the market.
Question:
Be + sub + verb-ing + (obj/comp) ?
Example:
- Am I listening to music?
- Is that man talking to Jame?
- Are those people playing sport?
In the Present Perfect tense, the action is complete or has ended
and hence termed Perfect. The exact time when the action
happened is not important and hence, it is not mentioned in this
tense.

What is Present Perfect Tense?

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
USE: We use PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE to talk about:
1) The action which has happened in the past and continue until now.
Example:
- I have learned English for three years.
- He has become a doctor since 2009.
- Jame has stopped working for two years until now.
2) The action that happened in the past, but the result is in present.
Example:
- We have built a house for our children.
- Michael has written a letter to his friend in Cambodia.
- I have made a company.
3) The action which has just finished at the moment of speaking (recent past action).
Example:
- John has just arrived home this morning.
- We have eaten rice at the moment.
- They have just finished work now.
FORMULA
Positive Sentence:
Subject + have/has + past participle + object/complement
Example:
- They have gone home now.
- A lot of people have moved their houses.
- Jany has arranged his office today.
Negative Sentence:
Sub + have/has + not + past participle + obj/comp
Example:
- They have not been in Cambodia.
- The global economy has not recovered yet.
- The environment problems have not completely solved.
Question:
Have/Has + sub + past participle + obj/comp ?
Example:
- Has she gotten married?
- Have you changed your work?
- Have you heard the information about our friends?

In the Present Perfect Continuous tense, the action has been taking
place for some time and is still ongoing.The duration for which the
action has been going on is usually mentioned in the present perfect
continuous tense.
What is Present Perfect
Continuous Tense?
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
USE: We use PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS to talk about:
1) Something which started in the past and has been in progress up to the present.
Example:
- We have been working all day.
- They have been waiting for an hours.
- John has been living in Cambodia for over two years now.
2) An action has been in progress up to the recent past, especially when the action has
results in the present.
Example:
- It’s been raining.
- Nancy looks well. She has been exercising a lot to lose weight.
- “Haven’t seen anything of Jimy for a while”. “No, he has been working in USA”.
3) Repeated actions or situations in a period up to the present or the recent past.
Example:
- I have been driving license for a year.
- They have been living in China for 5 years.
- Dany has been working NIS for seven months.
FORMULA
Positive Sentence:
Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing + obj/comp
Example:
- He has been watching TV all day.
- I have been looking for you for an hour.
- We have been studying English since 2008.
Negative Sentence:
Sub + have/has + not + been + verb-ing + obj/Comp
Example:
- Nara has not been feeling very well recently.
- They have not been working hard these days.
- We have not been finding out our money.
Question:
Have/Has + sub + been + verb-ing + obj/comp ?
Example:
- How long has it been snowing?
- How long have you living in Cambodia?
- What have you been doing at the moment?