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Unit 4 PDF
Unit 4 PDF
In a counter flow double pipe heat exchanger, oil is cooled from 85˚C to 55˚C by water
entering at 25˚C. The mass flow rate of oil is 9,800 kg/h and specific heat f oil is 2000 J/kg K.
The mass flow rate of water is 8,000 kg/h and specific heat of water is 4180 J/kg K. Determine
the heat exchanger area and heat transfer rate for an overall heat transfer co-efficient of 280
W/m2 K.
Given:
--------------------------
--------------------------
--------------------------
9,800
kg / s
3600
mh = 2.72 kg/s
8,000
kg / s
3600
mc = 2.22 kg/s
Solution:
We know that,
Heat lost by oil (Hot fluid) = Heat gained by water (cold fluid)
Qh = Qc
mh C ph T1 T2 mc C pc t 2 t1
2.72 200085 55 2.22 4180 t 2 t1
163.2 10 3 9279.6t 2 231.9 10 3
t 2 42.5 C
Heat transfer,
We know that,
Where
==> A = 16.16 m2
Result:
2. Water flows at the rate of 65 kg/min through a double pipe, counter flow heat exchanger.
Water is heated from 50˚C to 75˚C by oil flowing through the tube. The specific heat of the oil
is 1.780 kJ/kg K. The oil enters at 115˚C and leaves at 70˚C. The overall heat transfer co-
efficient is 340 W/m2K. Calculate the following
Given:
65
kg / s
60
mc = 1.08 kg/s
Entry temperature of water, t1 = 50˚C
To find:
Solution:
We know that,
Q mh C pc T2 T1
Q 1.08 418675 50
We know that,
Where
==> A = 11.54 m2
Result:
3. In a counter flow single pass heat exchanger is used to cool the engine oil from 150˚C to
55˚C with water, available at 23˚C as the cooling medium. The specific heat of oil is 2125 J/kg
K. The flow rate of cooling water through the inner tube of 0.4 m diameter is 2.2 kg/s. The
flow rate of oil through the outer tube of 0.75 m diameter is 2.4 kg/s. If the value of the overall
heat transfer co-efficient is 240 W/m2 K, how long must the heat exchanger be to meet its
cooling requirement?
Given:
To find:
Solution:
We know that,
Heat lost by oil (Hot fluid) = Heat gained by water (cold fluid)
Qh Qc
mh C ph T1 T2 mc C pc t 2 t1
2.4 2125150 55 2.2 4186 t 2 23
484.5 10 3 9209.2t 2 211 10 3
Heat transfer, Q mc C pc t 2 t1 or mh C ph T1 T2
Q 484.4 10 3 W
We know that,
Where
T1 t 2 T2 t1
T m
T t
In 1 2
T2 t1
T m
150 75.6 55 23
150 75.6
In
55 23
T m = 50.2˚C
==> A = 40.20 m2
We know that,
Area, A = D1 L
40.20 = 0.4 L
==> L = 31.9 m
Result:
4. In an oil cooler for a lubrication system, oil is cooled from 70˚C to 40˚C by using a cooling
water flow at 25˚C. The mass flow rate of oil is 900 kg/h and the mass flow rate of water is 700
kg/h. Give your choice for a parallel flow or counter flow heat exchanger, with reasons. If the
overall heat transfers co-efficient is 20 W/m2K, find the area of the heat exchanger. Take
specific heat of oil is 2 kJ/ kg˚C.
Given:
Hot fluid – oil, (T1, T2) Cold fluid - water (t1, t2)
900
kg / s
3600
0.25kg / s
700
kg / s
3600
0.197kg / s
= 2 103 J/kg˚C
To find:
Solution:
We know that,
Heat lost by oil (Hot fluid) = Heat gained by water (Cold fluid)
Qh Qc
mh C ph T1 T2 mc C pc t 2 t1
0.25 2 10 3 70 40 0.194 4186 t 2 25
==> t2 = 43.47˚C
Exit temperature of water, t2 = 43.47˚C > T2
We know that,
T1 t 2 T2 t1
T m
T t
In 1 2
T2 t1
T m
70 43.47 40 25
70 43.47
In
40 25
11.53
0.569
T m = 20.26˚C
…….. (2)
We know that,
Heat transfer,
Q mh C ph T1 T2 ormc C pc t 2 t1
Q mh C ph T1 T2
0.25 2 10 3 70 40
Q UAT m
15,000 20 A 20.26
==> A = 37.02 m2
Result:
5. In a refrigerating plant water is cooled from 20˚C to 7˚C by brine solution entering at - 2˚C
and leaving at 3˚C. The design heat load is 5500 W and the overall heat transfer co-efficient is
800 W/m2 K. What area required when using a shell and tube heat exchanger with the water
making one shell pass and the brine making two tube passes.
Given:
To find:
Solution:
Shell and tube heat exchanger – One shell pass and two tube passes
For shell and tube heat exchanger (or) cross flow heat exchanger.
Where
F – Correction factor
T1 t 2 T2 t1
T m
T t
In 1 2
T2 t1
20 3 7 2
20 3
In
72
T m = 12.57˚C
From graph,
t 2 t1 3 2 5
X axis value, P
T1 t1 20 2 22
P = 0.22
T1 T2 20 7 13
Curve value, P
t 2 t1 3 2 5
R = 2.6
Xaxis value is 0.22, curve value is 2.6, and corresponding Y axis value is 0.94.
==> A = 0.58 m2
Result:
Take
Given:
mh = 0.07 kg/s
C ph 3.5 10 3 J / kgK
C pc 4.18 10 3 J / kgK
Inlet temperature of cooling water, t1 = 15˚C
mc = 0.28 kg/s
Overall heat transfer co-efficient, U = 1100 W/m2K
Area, A = 0.30 m2
To find:
Solution:
0.07 3.5 10 3
……….. (1)
C = 245 W/K
Capacity rate of water, C mc C ph
0.28 4.18 10 3
………… (2)
C = 1170.4 W/K
From (1) and (2),
C min 245
0.209
C max 1170.4
Cmin
= 0.209
Cmax ……………. (3)
UA
Number of transfer units, NTU =
C min
1100 0.03
NTU
245
From graph,
i.e.,
0.64
Qmax = 28,175 W
Q Qmax
0.64 28,175
Q = 18,032 W
We know that,
Heat transfer, Q mc C pc t 2 t1
18,032 0.28 4.18 10 3 t 2 t 5
18,0323 1170.4t 2 17556
t 2 30.40 C
We know that,
Result:
1. T2 = 56.4˚C
2. t2 = 30.40˚C
3. = 0.64
7. In a counter flow heat exchanger, water at 20˚C flowing at the rate of 1200 kg/h. it is heated
by oil of specific heat 2100 J/kg K flowing at the rate of 520 kg/h at inlet temperature of 95˚C.
Determine the following
Take
Given:
0.33 4186
C pc 4.18 10 3 J / kgK
C min 302.4
0.218
C max 1381.3
Cmin
= 0.218
Cmax ……………. (3)
UA
Number of transfer units, NTU =
C min
1100 1
NTU
302.4
C min
Curve 0.218
C max
i.e.,
0.95
C min
0.218
C max
Qmax = 22,680 W
Q Qmax
0.95 22,680
Q = 21,546 W
We know that,
Heat transfer, Q mc C pc t 2 t1
21,546 0.33 4186 t 2 20
C pc 4186 J / kgK
21,546 1381.38t 2 27,627.6
==>
t2 = 35.5˚C
We know that,
==> T2 = 23.75˚C
Result:
1. T2 = 21,546W
2. T2 = 23.75˚C
3. t2 = 35.5˚C
8. In a counter flow heat exchanger, water is heated from 20˚C to 80˚C by an oil with a
specific heat of 2.5 kJ/kg – K and mass flow rate of 0.5 kg/s. The oil is cooled from 110˚C to
40˚C. If the overall heats transfer co-efficient is 1400 W/m2K, find the following by using
NTU method
To find:
Solution:
We know that,
Qh Qc
mh C ph T1 T2 mc C pc t 2 t1
0.5 2.5 10 3 110 40 mc 4186 80 20
……… (1)
C = 1250 W/K
C = 1456.73 W/K
………… (2)
C min 1250
0.858
C max 1456.73
Cmin
= 0.858
Cmax ………… (3)
We know that,
T1 T2
Effectiveness,
T1 T1
110 40
110 20
0.77
From graph,
Xaxis 0.77
C min
Curve 0.858
C max
Corresponding Xaxis value is 3.4, i.e., NTU = 3.4
We know that,
UA
NTU =
C min
UA
NTU
C min
==> A = 3.03 m2
Result:
1. mc = 0.348 kg/s
2. = 0.77
3. A = 3.03 m2