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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW

HEAT TRANSFER
PSE MODULE 21.1(SOLUTION)
1.A furnace wall consist of 35 cm firebrick (k = 1.557 W/m-K). 12 cm
insulating refractory (k = 0.346) and 20 cm common brick ( k = 0.692 )
covered with 7 cm steel plate (k=45). The temperature at the inner
surface of the firebrick is 1,230°C and at the outer face of the steel plate is
60°C. Atmosphere 27°C. What is the value of the combined coefficient
for convection and radiation from the outside wall?
A. 31.13 W/m2-K C. 41.3 W/m2-K
B. 30.13 W/m-K D. 40.13 W /m-K
Soluion:

Qcond,= ) 1230-60
0.35 0.12 0.2 0.07
1.557 0.346 0.692 45
W
Qnd1357.02
m

then: condQu Conv rad

1357.02=heR (udeam
W
1357.02 m =heR (60 27°C)
W
hCR=41.12
m-°C

Ans.C

2.In heat exchanger design, one transfer unit implies:

A. one fluid which is exchanging with another fluid of the same
chemical composition
B. the section of heal exchanger which will cause temperature drop of

one degree centigrade

C. the section of heat exchanger where heat transfer surface area has
been one square meter
D. condition when the change in temperature of one steam 1s

numerically equal to the average driving force

Answer: D
 3. A dry ice storage chest is a wooden box lined with glass fiber insulation
5 cm thick. The wooden box (k = 0.069) is 2 cm thick and cubical 60 cm
on an edge. The inside surface temperature is -76°C and the outside
surface temperature is 18°C. Use k = 0.035 for glass fiber insulation.
Determine the heat gain per day.
A. 10,211 kJ C. 12.211 kJ
B. 11,195 kJ D. 9,185 kJ

Solelion:
AAT
Q=
2
k k
60.60 m18--76) K((3600 24 ) x
Q
0.02 0.05 m day
0.069 0.035 W/m- K
Q 10,208.56 kJ/day

Ans. A
4.What is thermal diffusivity ?
A. a mathematical formula
B. a physical property of the material
C. a configuration for heat conduction
D. a dimensionless parameter

Answer: B

5.Which of the following is a unit of thermal diffusivity?

A. m'/hr C. kcal/m hr
B.kcal/m hr °C D. m/hr °C

Answer: A
 6.Hot gases at 280°C flow on one side of a metal plate of 10 mm thickness
and air at 35°C flows on the other side. The heat transfer coefficient of the
gases is 31.5 W/m*-K and that of the air is 32 W/m--K. Calculate the
over-all transfer coefficient if the value of thermal conductivity is 0. 01
A. 15.82 W/m2-K C. 14.82 W/m2-K
B. 16.82 W/m2-K D. 17.82 W/m?-K

Solution:
U
R 1A +
h, k h,

= 15.82
U 0.01 1
31.5 50 32
Ans. A
7. Calculate the heat transfer per hour through a solid brick wall 6 m long.
2.9 m high, and 225 mm thick, when the outer surface is at 5°C and the
inner surface 17°C, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the brick
being 0.6 W/m-K.
A. 2,004.48 kJ C. 2,400.48 kJ
B. 3,004.48 kJ D. 3,400.48 kJ

Solulions
AT (17-5 )K(3600 s/hr)
Q Ax 0.225 m
kA
0.6
6m)(2.9 m)]
Q 2004.48 kJ
Ans. A
8. The hot gas temperature in a heat exchanger is 350°C (ho = 220 W/m

K). What is the surface temperature on the wall if the heat transferred is
1500 W/m2?
A. 350°C C. 343°C
B. 338°C D. 358°C

Selion

Q=hA (T, -7,) Q/A =h (T. T)

W W
IS00=220
m m- K
(350 T)
T= 343.18° C
Ans.C
8. The hot gas temperature in a heat exchanger is 350°C (ho =220 W/m
K). What is the surface temperature on the wall if the heat transferred is
1500 W/m22
A. 350°C C. 343°C
B. 338°C D. 358°C

Solution
Q hA (T,-T,) >Q/A =h (T, -T,)
W W
1500
m
= 220 m-K
(350 -T)
T. = 343.18° C

Ans. C

9. A counterflow bank of boiler tubes has a total area of 900 ft and its
over-all efficiency of heat transfer is 13 Btu/hr-ft.°F. Calculate the
heat transferred if the log mean temperature difference is 1380°F.
A. 16,146,000 Btu/hr C. 18,148,000 Btu/hr
B. 17,147,000 Btuhr D. 15,145,000 Btu/hr
Solution
Q= UAAT

Btu
Q-13hr -ft-°F (900 ft (1380 °F)
Btu
Q= 16 146 000 Btu
hr

Ans.A
10. A pipe 200 mm outside diameter and 20 m length is covered with a
layer, 70 mm thick of insulation having a thermal conductivity of 0.05
W/m-K and a thermal conductance of 10 W/m-K at the outer surtace It
the temperature of the pipe is 350°C and the ambient temperature 15°C
calculate the external surface temperature of the lagging.
A. 32.6°C C. 42.6°C
B. 22.6°C D. 53.6°C
Solution:
 Qraser
At
where:ransfer R
350 15
Qranfer 3758.42 W
In 0.20+2(0.07)
0.2
27 (0.05)(20) 10(T)(0 34)(20)
QnhAAT
3758.42 (10)(7)(0.2+2(0.07))(20)(t, -15)
o=32.59°C

Ans. A

11. Calculate the energy transfer rate across 6 in. wall of firebrick with a
temperature difference across the wall of 50°C. The thermal
conductivity of the firebrick is 0.65 Btu hr-ft-°F at the temperature
interest.
A. 285 W/m2 C. 112 Wm
B. 369 W/m2 D 429 Wm
Solution:
O= KAAT
Ax
Btu (50c9F1.055kJ
0.65
hr-hr-ft-°F, 5 C 1 Btu
Q=
lm Y3600 s
93.28 f) Ihr
Q=0.36888- kJ369369 W/m
m-s

Ans.B
blacksmiths
12. A thin square steel plate, 10 em on a side, is heated in a
is 0.60, what is the
forge to a temperature of 800°C. If the emissivity
total rate of radiation of energy?
A. 900 Watts C. 300 Watts
B. 400 Watts D. 700 Watts

Solution:
Q= EoA(T) -> where o = 5 67x10 *W/m'K*

Q= (0.6)(o)(2 x0.1')(800+ 273)

Q=902 W

Ans. A
13. A liquid to liquid counterflow heat exchanger is used to heat a cold
fluid from 120°F to 3 10°F. Assuming that the hot fluid enters at 500°F
and leaves at 400°F, calculate the log mean temperature difference for
the heat exchanger.
A. 132°F C. 332°F
B. 232°F D. 432°F

Solution:

LMTD = ax-n
0max
In
in

A 400-120 280° F
5 0 0 310 -
=
190°F
280- 190232.1°F
LMTD=
In
280)
190
Ans. B

14. Calculate the heat loss per linear foot from a 10 in. nominal pipe (
outside diameter = 10.75 in. ) covered with a composite pipe insulation

consisting of 1 % in of insulation I placed next to the pipe and 2 in. ot

insulation II placed upon insulation I. Assume that the inner and outer
surface tenperatures ofthe composite insulation are 7o0°F and 110°F
respectively, and that the thermal conductivity of material I is 0.05
Btu/hr-ftF and for material II is 0.039 Buhr-t-°F
A. 323.13 Bu/hr-ft C. 120 Btu/hr-ft
B. 123.13 Btu/hr-ft D. 126 Btu/hr-ft
Solution:
QT-T where:R R,+R,
L R
In
D24 In
10.752(1.5)|
10.75 hr ft -F
R 0.7835
2Tk Btu Btu
2 0 05
hr fi °F )
In D,+24,+ 21,
R
D+2,
27 k

In 10.75+2(1.5)+2(2)
10.75+2(1.5) = 1.042 r - fi -
°F
Btu Btu
27 0.039
hr ft °FF
(700 110 )°F
0.7835+1.042 hr -ft-°F
Btu

Q 323.20 Bu/hr
Ans.A

15. At what rate does to sun lose energy by radiation? The temperature of
the sun is about 6000 K and its radius is 6.95 x 10' km.
A. 3.48 x 1026 W C. 5.48 x 1026 W
B 4.48 x 10 WN D. 6.48 x 1020 W

SJnon
9A(1' -o
(4a )(T")
W
Q 5.67x10 (4)(6 95 s 10") m (o000)' K
4.46 x I0 W
Ans. B
16. How many watts will be radiated from a spherical black body 15 cm in
diameter at a temperature of 800°C?
A. 5.34 kW C. 6.34 kW
B. 4.34 kW D. 3.34 kw

Soledion:
Q=o AT = 5.67x 10(47r)(T*)

0.15
Q=o (4) (800+273K) = 531306 W = 5.31 kw

Ans. A
17. A surface condenser serving a 50,000kW steam turbo-generator unit
receives exhaust steam at the rate of 196.000 kg/hr. Vacuum in
condenser is 702 mm Hg. Sea water for cooling enters at 29.5°C and
leaves at 37.5°C. For steam turbine condenser, manufacturers consider
950 Btu/lb of steam turbine condensed as heat given up to cooling
water. Calculate the logarithnnic mean temperature difference.
A. 4.57C C. 6.57°C
B. 5.57°C D. 7.57°C
Solution
P= Pam-P, = 760 702 = 58 mm Hg

58 mm (101.325 kPa=7.73kPa
Hei 760 mm Hg )
7.73 kPa =41.02°C
LMTD= - in

In

4 1 02 29 5°C = 115171
4 1 02 375° C 3 5171
LMTD-1.5171 - 3.51I7
6.74 °C
In (11.517
3.5171
Ans. C
18. A turbo-generator, 16-cylinder, Vee type diesel engine has an air
consumption of 3000 kg/hr per cylinder at rated load and speed. This air
is drawn in thru a filter by a centrifugal compressor direct connected to
the exhaust gas turbine. The temperature of the air from the compressor
is 145°C and a counterflow air cooler reduces the air temperature to
45°C before it goes to the engine suction header. Cooling water enter
air cooler at 30°C and leaves at 38°C. Calculate the arithmetic mean
temperature difference.
A.41°C C. 61°C
B.51°C D. 71°C

Soludion
max Iin
AMTD=
2
1 4 5 - 38 = 107 °C
i n 4 5 - 30 15 °C

10715
AMTD
2
AMTD = 61 °C

Ans.C
19. All heat transfer processes require a medium of energy exchange
except:
A. conduction C. natural convection
B. forced convection D. radiation

Answer: D

20. At an average temperature of 100°C, hot air flows through a 2.5 m long
tube with an inside diameter of 50 mm. The temperature of the tube is
20°C along its entire length. Convective film coefficient is 20.1 W/m-
K. Determine the convective heat transfer from air to the
tube
A. 900 W C. 624 W
B. 909 W D. 632 W
Sdution:
Qb A(T,,T) where: A =nD
W
Q 20. K (0.05)(2.5)| (100-20 )K
631.5 W
Ans. D
21.It refers to the ratio ofthe intemal thermal resistance of a solid to the
boundary layer thermal resistance (or external resistance of the body).
A. Biot number C. Prandtl number
B. Nusselt number D. Reynolds number

Answer: A

22. A cubical tank of 2 m sides is constructed of metal plate 12 mm and

contains water at 75°C. The surrounding air temperature is 16°C.
Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient from water to air. Take
the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the metal as 48 W/m-K, the
coefficient of thermal conductivity of the metal as 48 W/m-K, the
coefficient of heat transfer of water is 2.5 kW/m>-K and the coefficient
of heat transfer of the air is 16 W/m--K.
A. 15.84 W/m2°C C. 16.84 W/m2°C
B. 14.84 W/m2°C D. 13.84 W/m2°C
Solution:

where:R =R, + R, +R,

m.K
R 250
2500 0.0004
W

R 0.012 m. K -0.00025 m- K
48 W W
I60.0625 m.K
R,
16 W
then:

U = 15.84 W/mK
0.00004 0.000025 +0.0625
Ans.A

STS. CEBU CITY TEL NO 032 416

8175
EDO 4" FLR. GMT BLDG. COR P. DEL ROSARIO & JUNQUERA
23. Calculate the quantity of heat conducted per minute through a
duralumin circular disc 127 mm diameter and 19 mm thick when the
temperature drop across the thickness of the plate is 5°C. Take the
coefficient of thermal conductivity of duralumin as 150 W/m-K.
A. 30 kJ C. 35 kJ
B. 40 kJ D. 45 kJ

Solecdion:
AT 5 °C
Q= = 500 WN
0.019mn
kA W
150-K0.127)
m-K 4 m
60s
Q500 =30 000 J/min = 30 K
s min nin

Ans.A
24. Water enters the condenser at 20°C and leaves at 35°C. What is the log
mean temperature difference if the condenser temperature is 45°C.
A. 16.37°C C. 15.37°C
B. 13.37°C D. 17.37°C

Solution:
LMTD= .A (45-20)- (45-35)
In hax
In
45-20)
45-35
LMTD = 16. 37° C

Ans. A

25. Least value of Prandt'I number can be expected in case of

A. liquid metals C. sugar solution

B. salt solution D. water

Answer: A
26. A counterflow heat exchanger is designed to heat fuel oil from 45°C to
100°Cwhile the heating fluid enters at 150°C and leaves at 115°C.
Calculate the arithnmetic mean temperature difference.
A.40°C C. 60°Cc
B.50°C D. 70°C
Solulion

AMTD= max_ +mi(115 - 45)+(150-100)

2 2
AMTD 60° C

Ans. C

27. The statement that the emissivity and absorptivity of a surface is

surrounded by its own temperature are the same for both
monochromatic and total radiation is called
A. Lambert's law C. Kirchhoff's law
B. D' Alambart's D. Law of emissivity
Answer: C

28. What is the usual value of transmissivity for opaque materials?

A. 0 C. Indeterminate
B. D. Infinity
Answer: A

29. An air-cooled condenser has an expected U value of 30 W/m*-K based

on the air side area. The condenser is to transfer 60 kW with an airflow
rate of 15 kg/s entering at 35°C. If the condensing temperature is to be
48°C, what is the required air-side area?
A. 184 m C. 174 m
B. 194 m D. 164 m
Sduion
Q= UA (LMTD) and Q mC, (T, - T)
I.062 kJ
60 kW =
(-35)c
T38.77 C
 PRIME REVIEW ONLINE
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW

then:LMTD =
In
nri
4 8 -35 = 13°C
max

48-38.77
in 9.23 °C
13-9.23
LMTD= =1 1°C = 11 K
In(13/9.23)
thus:

60 000 W =
30
A 182 m

Ans.A
30. Heat is transferred from hot water to an oil in a double-pipe counter-
flow heat exchanger. Water enters the outer pipe at 120°C and exits at
55°C while the oil enters the inner pipe at 26°C and exits at 65°C
Compute the log-mean temperature difference (LMTD).
A. 42.80C C. 40.62C
B. 46.20°C D. 42.06°C

Solutioni
LMTD = (120 65)-(55-26)
max In
(120-65
In
. 55-26
LMTD= 40.62°C

Ans. C
31. What do you call the first stage of crystal fornmation?
A. nucleation C. toamng
B. separation D. vortexing

Answer: A
32. The combustion gases of a furnace are separated from its surrounding or
ambient air which is 29°C. The brick wall is 130 mm and has a thermal
conductivity of 1.23 W/m°C with a surface emissivity of 0.81. The
outer surface temperature of the wall is 130°C and with surface air
conductance of 15 W/m2°C. For steady state conditions, determine is
the total heat transmitted for a surface area of 30 m?
A. 70.33 kW C. 73.30 kW
B. 83.07 kW D. 77.30 kW
Solution:

where:

hAAT =|15 m.C° (30m*)(130-29)C° =

45450 W

MG AAT=(0.81)(567.x10 *)(30)| (130 +273)' -(29+273)

= 24882.956 W

Q, 45450 + 24882.956 W =
70332.956 W

Q 70.33 kW
=

Ans. A
33. How do you classify a body that has an emissivity factor of 0.7?
A Gray body C. Black body
B White body D. Theoretical body
Answer: A
54. Consider a person standing in a breezy room at 20 deg C. What is the
Lotal rate lransfer from this person of the exposed surtace area and the
average outer surface temperature of the person are l.6 m and 29 deS
C, respectively, and the convection heat transfer coetficient is 6 W/m*
with emissivity of 0.95?
A.186.20 watts C.I78.1 watts
B.181.70 watts D.I68.I walts

Solulion:
 +QRad
where: Q.=h,AAT

6 6
m
1.6m )(29 20C) =86.4W
QRE
ad
AAT" > note o =5 67x10 *W/m- K*

O (0.95)o (1.6 m) (29+273)-(20+273)= 81.72 W

Q, 81.72 86.4 W =168.12 W

Ans. D

35. The forced convective heat transfer coefficient for a hot fluid flowing
over a cold surface is 225 W/m.°C for a particular problem. The fluid
temperature upstream of the cold surface is 120 °C, and the surface is
held at 10 "C. Determine the heat transfer rate per unit surface from the
fluid to the surface.
A. 24,570 W/m2 C. 52.470 W/m
B. 27,400 W/m? D. 24.750 W/m?
Solution:
Q= hAT
W W
Q=225 m-°C
120-10C)=24 750 m
Ans.D
36. A vertical furnace wall is made up of an inner wall of firebrick 20 cm
thick followed by insulating brick 15 cm thick and an outer wall of steel
1 cm thick. The surface temperature of the wall adjacent to the
combustion chamber is 1200°C while that of the outer surface of steel
is 50°C. The thermal conductivities of the wall material in W/m-K are:
firebrick, 10; insulating brick, 0.26; and steel, 45. Neglecting the film
resistances and contact resistance of joints, determine the heat loss per

sq.m. of wall area.

A. 1.93 W/m2 C. 1.55 W/m
B. 2.93 W/m2 D. 2.55 W/m
Solution:
Q 200 50 = 1.93
A 0.20 0.15 0.01
2+ +4
k
ki2 k k4 10 0.26 45

Ans.A
37. Which of the following is used as entrainer in acetic acid - water
separation?
A. methyl alcohol C. phosphorous
B. butyl acetate D. hexane

Answer: B

38. The boiling point of a solution is a linear function of water at the same
pressure. The above statement is called
A. Dubring's rule C. Petit and Dulong's law
B. Fick's rule D. Reynolds law

Answer: A
39. A composite wall is made up of an external thickness of brickwork 1 10
mm thick inside which is a layer of fiberglass 75 mm thick. The
fiberglass is faced internally by an insulating board 25 mm thick. The
coefficient of thermal conductivity for the three are as follows:
Brickwork 1.5 W/m-K
0.04 W/m-K
Fiberglass
Insulating board 0.06 W/m-K
The surface transfer coefficients of the inside wall is 3.1 W/m2-K while
that of the outside wall is 2.5 W/m*-K. Take the internal ambient
is 27°C. Determine
temperature as 10°C and the external temperature
the heat loss through such wall 6m high and 10 m long.
A. 330.10 W C. 430.10W
B. 230.10 W D. 530.10 W

Solution
AAt
Q= where: R, =
R kk
h, 2 ku h,

0110 0075 0.025 =

=33 09
09
R t
W
31 5 O 04 0.06 25
 [6X10)II27-10)=
3.09
330.10 W
Ans. A

40. How much is the part of light that is absorbed by the body that transmits
and reflects 80% and 10% respectively?
A. 10% C. 30%
B. 20% D. 5%

Answer: A

41. In sugar mills can just is evaporated in:

A. zigzag tube evaporators
B. long vertical tube evaporators
C. short vertical tube evaporators
D. horizontal tube evaporator

Answer: C

42. What do you call a substance that is able to absorb liquids or gases and
is usually used for removing liquds( or gases) from a given medium or
region?
A. Absorbent C. liquifier
B. Adsorbent D. Adhesive
Answer: A

43. A cubical tank of 2 m sides is constructed of metal plate 12 mm and

contains water at 75°C. The surrounding air temperature is 16°C
Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient from water to air. Take
the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the metal as 48 W/m-K, the
coefficient of thermal conductivity of the metal as 48 W/m-K, the
coefficient of heat transfer of water is 2.5 kW/m-K and the coetticient
of heat transfer of the air is 16 W/m*-K.
A. 15.84 W/m2°C C. 16.84 W/m2°C
B. 14.84 W/m2°C D. 13.84 W/m2C
Solutioni
0.012
R
R, = ,X2 =0.063 m*°C/W
2 h 2.5x10 48 16

W
U 15.84 W/m o
R, 0.063 m?

Ans. A
44. Dritus Boelter equation can be applied in case of fluids flowing in
A. transition region C. turbulent region
B. laminar region D. any of the abovve

Answer: C

45. One insulated wall of a cold-storage compartment is 8 m long by 2.5 m

high and consists of an outer steel plate 18 mm thick. An inner wood
wall 22.5 mm thick, the steel and wood are 90 mm apart to form a
cavity which is filled with cork. If the temperature drop across the
extreme faces of the composite wall is 15°C. Calculate the heat transfer
per hour through the wall and the temperature drop across the thickness
of the cork. Take the coefficients of thermal conductivity for steel, cork
and wood as 45, 0.045, and 0.18 W/m-K respectively.
A. 408.24 kJ, 12.12°C C. 608.24 kJ, 13.12°C
B. 708.24 kJ , 11.12°C D. 508.24 kJ, 14.12°C

Soltion:
AAt
Q
R

where:
k23
R = 0.018 0.09 0.0225 2.125
45 0.045 0.18

O82X)-141.176
2.125
J / s =508.24 kJ/ hr
 AAt 141.176=20(At)
0.09
0.045
At=14.12°C
Ans.D

46. Which of the following requires the greatest amount of heat per
kilogram for a given increase in temperature?
A. Ice C. Water
B. Steam D. Copper
Answer: C

47. A wall with an area of 10 m- is made of a 2

thickness of white pine
cm
(k= 0.113 W/m°C) followed by 10 cm of brick (k = 0.649 W/m°C). The
pine is on the inside where the temperature is 30°C while the outside
temperature is 10°C. Assuming equilibrium conditions exist, what is the
temperature at the interface between the two metals?
A. 15.65°C C. 18.21°C
B. 17.64C D. 19.31°C

Solution:

0.02 010
R, = + = 0.331 moC/ W
0.113 0.649
AAt_(10)X30 -10) =604.23 W
R 0.331
Q Q12
604.23 k,At-t)
X12
604.23 = 0.113X10X30-1,)
0.02
t = 19.31°

Ans. D
48. What is the value of the Prandt'l number for air?
A. 10 C. 6.7
B. 67 D. 0.7
Answer: D
 48. What is the value of the Prandt'l number for air?
A. 10 C.6.7
B. 67 D. 0.7
Answer: D

49 According to Prevost theory of heat exchange

A. It is impossible to transfer heat from low temperature source to high
temperature source
B. Heat transfer by radiation needs no medium
C. All bodies above absolute zero emit radiation
D. Heat transfer in most of the cases occurs by combination of
conduction, convection and radiation

Answer: C

50. A fur coat on an animal will help the animal to remain

A. warm in winter C. cool in winter
B. warm in summer D. cool in summer
Answer: A

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