Answerkey Longmancompletecourseforthetoefltest616 687 191123151420 PDF

RECORDING SCRIPT
RECORDING SCRIPT
LISTENING DIAGNOSTIC PRE TEST (man) We haven't see rain like this for many
years!
(Paper)
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
Part A, page 3 13. (man) Professor Martin, what do you think
1. (woman) Are you enjoying your coffee? of the composition that I turned in
last week?
(man) It tastes extremely bitter this morn-
ing! (woman) Without question, you need to

(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? improve the quality of your writing.
(narrator) WHAT DOES PROFESSOR MARTIN
2. (woman) Can you tell me how often the philos-
SAY ABOUT THE STUDENT?
ophy class meets?
(man) Itmeets twice a week, for an hour and 14. (woman) Where should I go next?
a half each time. (man) You must stand in this line so that the
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? agent can check your passport.
3. (man) I'm tired of just sitting here!
(woman) Relax. I'm sure that the flight will 15. (man) Did Paul get his work done?
depart within a few minutes. (woman) He couldn't finish the assignment
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? because the library was closed.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY
4. (woman) The science project is due next week. ABOUT PAUL?
(man) I suppose I'll have to start working on
it now. 16. (woman) The lawyer spent hours and hours
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? working on that case.

(man) It's true that he prepared hard for the
5. (man) I'd like to order a dozen roses. Do you case, but his work was for nothing.
deliver?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
(woman) Yes. We can deliver anywhere in the
city by this afternoon. 17. (woman) Do you know when the papers for
WHERE DOES THIS CONVERSA- Professor Jenkins' history class are

( narrator)
TION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE? due?
(man) They're due next week, aren't they?
6. (woman) Did you enjoy the biology lecture? WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
( narrator)
(man) The professor droned on and on
about cell division. 18. (woman) Are you happy with the work that the
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? contractor did on your house?
(man) I'm rather dissatisfied with it.
7. (man) What do I need to cash a check?
(woman) I have to see a driver's license and a
credit card. 19. (man) I can't find a typist to finish my term
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? paper by tomorrow morning.
(woman) Why not do it yourself?
8. (woman) Have you been able to find an apart- (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SUG-
ment yet? GEST?
(man) It's difficult to find affordable hous-
ing in New York. 20. (man) I can't get this television set con-
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? nected to the cable.

(woman) Oh, it's as easy as pie.
9. (woman) Why were you so late in getting home (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
from work?
(man) My boss had me finish all the month- 21. (man) Is Bob doing good job in the office?
a
end reports. (woman) He never manages to turn in his bud-

WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? get reports on time.
( narrator)
10. (man) Ms. Jones did not look too happy as
ABOUT BOB?
she left her classroom.
(woman) She was angered by her rowdy stu- 22. (man) Has the auto mechanic told you how
dents. much work the car needs?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (woman) He indicated that the repairs would
be quite extensive.
11. (woman) The prices at this store are really out-
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
rageous!
(man) You can say that again! 23. (woman) Did Betty listen to what her boss said?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (man) She followed the directions to the let-
ter.
12. (woman) don't like this weather very much.
I
RECORDING SCRIPT 605
24. (woman) How's Walter doing in his new busi- ( man) You mean, if I want to specialize in
ness? American literature, I still must take
(man) Well, he hasn't exactly been unsuc- two semesters of World literature?
cessful. ( woman) Yes,because the two semesters are
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? required for all literature majors.
( man) But I only want to study American lit-
25. (woman) Are you going to organize that closet
erature!
this morning?
(woman) At least you can take all of your five
(man) I wish I didn't have to.
elective courses in the area that you
want.
26. (man) Did Sally finish that difficult assign- (man) That's what I'll do, then.
ment?
(woman) She gave up before she really got
31. WHAT IS THE WOMAN'S STATUS AT THE UNI-
VERSITY?
started.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY 32. WHAT DOES THE MAN WANT TO LEARN
ABOUT SALLY? FROM THE WOMAN?
33. HOW MANYTOTAL COURSES MUST A STU-
27. (woman) What did Peggy say about the job I DENT TAKE FOR A LITERATURE MAJOR?
did? 34. THE MAN WILL PROBABLY TAKE HIS ELEC-
(man) She couldn't have said nicer things. TIVE COURSES IN WHICH AREA?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT
PEGGY? Questions 35-38
28. (man) Your new secretary seems to be doing (narrator) Listen to a conversation between two
a great job. friends.
(woman) Rarely do new employees take such (woman) Wasn't that a fascinating lecture on
initiative. dolphins? I didn't know that dolphins
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? traveled in such large groups, or were
29. (woman) Did you enjoy taking care of the chil- able to communicate with other mem-
dren all afternoon? bers of their group with those whistle-
(man) If you had gotten here any later, I'd like sounds.
have been a wreck. (man) And they also use clicks as a sort of
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? sonar.

(woman) Ireally couldn't understand that part
30. (man) I just got back from the market.
of the lecture. You could?
(woman) So you did do the shopping!
(man) Yes, the dolphins use clicks to identify
( narrator) WHAT HAD THE WOMAN objects in the water; they can even
ASSUMED ABOUT THE MAN? identify tiny objects more than 100
meters away using these clicks. Scien-
Part B, page 7
tists believe that a dolphin may even
Questions 31-34 have a sonar-like image in its brain of
(narrator) Listen to a conversation on a univer- a distant object so that it can identify
sity campus. the object long before the dolphin
can actually see the object.
(man) You seem to know your way around
campus. Have you been here long? (woman) So the dolphins use these clicks
mostly to identify objects in the water?
(woman) I'm a senior literature major. I'll be
(man) I think so, and they have considerably
graduating next June.
(man) Your major is literature? Mine is, too. more ability to do this than humans
do.
But I'm just beginning my work in my
(woman) It is hard to believe that, in addition
major. I just transferred to this univer-
to these sonar clicks, dolphins are
sity from a junior college. Perhaps you
could tell me about the courses you've
actually learning some human lan-
guage.
got to take for a literature major.
( man) Yes, I believe that the lecturer said
(woman) Well, for a literature major you need
to take eight courses, three required
that some dolphins had already
courses and five electives. First, you learned around fifty human com-
mands, and that those dolphins were
have to take "Survey of World Litera-
able to understand not only individual
ture, Parts One and Two." This is
really two courses, and it'll take two
words but words clustered together in
sentences!
semesters, and it's required for all lit-
(woman) Dolphins must certainly be amazing
erature majors. The other course
animals to do all of that.
required for all literature majors is
(man) I'm sure they are, and we're only just
"Introduction to Literary Analysis."
beginning to find out how intelligent
they are.
RECORDING SCRIPT
35. WHERE DID THE WOMAN LEARN ABOUT eral student use, except when the
DOLPHINS? swim team, the diving team, or the
36. WHY DO DOLPHINS USE CLICKS? water polo team is practicing.
37. APPROXIMATELY HOW MANY HUMAN COM- To the left, you can see the tennis
MANDS HAVE SOME DOLPHINS LEARNED? courts and outdoor volleyball courts.
38. WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT DOLPHIN It is possible to take instruction classes
INTELLIGENCE? in these sports, or you are welcome to
sign up for court time at the Athletic
Part C, page 8
Department office if you just want to
Questions 39-42 play with some of your friends.
(narrator) Listen to a welcome address by a
These are just some of the sports facil-
member of a club. ities that are available to you here, but
(woman) Welcome to this introductory meeting I think you can see that this university
for new members of the Sierra Club. makes an effort to provide the best
The Sierra Club is an organization opportunity for its students to take
whose goals are centered on the pro- part in sports. Now, let's continue on
tection of the environment. It was to the Art Center.
founded San Francisco by
in 1892 in
43. WHO IS PROBABLY LISTENING TO THIS
naturalist John Muir,who was intent TALK?
on preserving the natural beauty and
44. WHAT IS NEEDED TO GET INTO THE EXER-
harmony of the Sierra Nevadas in
CISEROOM?
eastern California.
45. WHERE SHOULD A STUDENT GO TO
Today the Sierra Club boasts almost RESERVE A TENNIS COURT?
200,000 members in all fifty states of 46. WHAT WILL THE STUDENTS PROBABLY DO
the United States. Through activities NEXT?
such as conferences, lectures,
exhibits, and films, the organization Questions 47-50
works to continue the effort begun by (narrator) Listen to a talk given by a professor.
John Muir. The Sierra Club also pub- (woman) Today's lecture is on the difference
lishes a weekly newsletter, a bimonthly
between the two literary styles of real-
magazine, and various books.
ism and naturalism. These two styles
39. WHAT IS THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE have in common a faithfulness to
SIERRA CLUB? actual experience and a mistrust of
40. APPROXIMATELY HOW LONG HAS THE idealism.
SIERRA CLUB BEEN IN EXISTENCE? Although they do have several similar-
41. WHAT AREA WAS JOHN MUIR ESPECIALLY ities, realism and naturalism should
INTERESTED IN SAVING? be clearly differentiated. The realist
42. WHERE DOES THE SIERRA CLUB HAVE MEM- objectively reports on events, with the
BERS? accuracy of the description as the
prime motive. The naturalist, on the
Questions 43-46
other hand, has more of a philo-
(narrator) Listen to a talk by a university
sophic bent; naturalist writings
employee.
express the writer's philosophy that
(man) The next stop on our campus tour for human actions are determined by nat-
new freshmen is the university sports ural laws such as heredity and envi-
complex. This university has extensive ronment.
sports facilities and is dedicated to
47. THIS TALK WOULD PROBABLY BE GIVEN IN
providing maximum student access to
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COURSES?
these facilities.
48. WHAT POINT IS THE SPEAKER TRYING TO
On the you can see the univer-
right MAKE ABOUT REALISM AND NATURALISM?
sity stadium, which is used for football 49. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST
and soccer as well as track and field. DESCRIBES REALISM?
The gymnasium straight ahead con- 50. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DOES NOT
tains the arena that is used for basket- INFLUENCE HUMAN ACTIONS, ACCORDING
ball and gymnastics. The gymnasium TO NATURALIST IDEAS?
also includes an up-to-date exercise
room with a large variety of the latest
equipment; the exercise room is open
to any student with valid student I.D.,
not just members of athletic teams.
The pool complex is behind the gym-
nasium, and that is also open for gen-
4
LISTENING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 10. (woman) The conference last weekend was
really great!
(Computer)
(man) I heard that it was. I really wish I had
Part A, page II
been able to go.
1. (man) How would you like to go skiing this
weekend? Part B, page 1
(woman) Iwas kind of scared the last time I

Questions 11-12
tried it, but I'd like another chance to
try it again.
(man) Did you see Carl?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (woman) Yes, I did. His leg was in a cast, and he
was on crutches.
2. (woman) You couldn't get into your apartment? (man) Do you know what happened to him?
Why not? (woman) I heard that he tripped and fell down
(man) The key they gave me wouldn't fit into the stadium steps at the football game
the lock. last Saturday evening.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (man) That's how he broke his leg? He
3. (man) Is Professor Nash a good lecturer? tripped and fell down in the stadium?
(woman) He doesn't speak very loudly, but oth- (woman) That's just what happened.
erwise he's great. 11. WHAT HAPPENED TO CARL?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY 12. HOW DID CARL BREAK HIS LEG?
ABOUT PROFESSOR NASH?
4. (woman) You got a ticket? How did that hap- Questions 13-15
pen? (woman) This is an interesting assignment we
(man) The car was parked in a no-parking have for psychology class.
zone. (man) Interesting? It's going to be a lot of
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? work.
(woman) What's so hard about it? We just have
5. (woman) Did you see Sally's presentation?
to make up a survey questionnaire
(man) I sure did.
related to theories from the class.
(woman) Was she prepared for her presenta-
(man) Making up a survey questionnaire
tion? I'm not sure she spent much
isn't so hard. But we have to find 50
time working on it.
people to fill out the questionnaire
(man) Trust me. She couldn't have been
and then write up a report analyzing
more prepared.
the data.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT (woman) It'll be easy 50 people to fill
to find
SALLY?
out the questionnaire. We can do that
6. (man) Can you believe that tuition has gone in one afternoon at the Student
up for next year? Union. That actually sounds like fun
(woman) I can believe it. The fee increase was- to me.
n't exacdy unexpected. (man) That's good. I don't mind preparing
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? the questionnaire and analyzing the
(woman) can't believe how fast the professor

data, but getting50 people to answer
7. I
the questionnaire does not seem like
spoke during the lecture on physiol-
fun to me.
ogy-
(man) You can say that again! 13. WHAT DO THE STUDENTS HAVE TO PRE-
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? PARE?
8. (man) So you have a part-time job on the 14. HOW MANY PEOPLE MUST RESPOND TO THE
newspaper? QUESTIONNAIRE?
(woman) Well, I do for now. But I've heard that
15. WHAT DOES THE MAN NOT WANT TO DO?
some of the employees are getting
Questions 16-20
laid off. I hope I still have a job after
(narrator) Listen to a discussion about a history
that.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY course. The discussion is on the Outer
Banks.
ABOUT THE EMPLOYEES?
9. (woman) Could I borrow your notes from yes-
(woman 1) We certainly have a lot of questions to
review for our history exam.
terday's lecture?
(man) Sorry, I'd let you borrow my notes if I (man) Yes, we do, but we're almost finished.
had them, but I don't. We only have two questions to go.
(woman) Then you weren't in class yesterday (woman 2) Only two more questions? That's
great. Let's get going on them, and
either.
we'll be finished preparing for this
(narrator) WHAT DID THE WOMAN BELIEVE?
exam soon Now, what's the next
. . .
question on the study list?

RECORDING SCRIPT
(woman 1) The next question on the study list Island, Ocracoke Island, and Kitty
asks about famous historical places on Hawk.
the Outer Banks. (man) I agree. Why don't we leave the ques-
(woman 2) The Outer Banks? Where are the tion on the Outer Banks and move on
Outer Banks? to another question?
(man) Look at the map book. The
in the (woman 2) That's great! There's only one more
Outer Banks are a of islands
series question on our study list. After we
stretching along the coast of North finish that question, we'll be done
Carolina. with the list.
(woman Now, the question asks about famous

1)
16. WHAT ARE THE STUDENTS DOING?
historical places on the Outer Banks.
17. WITH WHAT PLACE ARE THESE PEOPLE
Can you come up with any? ASSOCIATED?
(man) Let's see. There's the Lost Colony on
18. WHEN DID THESE PEOPLE LIVE?
Roanoke.
19. WHAT IS STATED ABOUT THE INHABITANTS
(woman 1) Can you see Roanoke Island on the OF THE LOST COLONY?
map? That was where the Lost Colony
20. HOW LONG WAS THE LONGEST FLIGHT
was located.
THAT THE WRIGHT BROTHERS TOOK ON
(woman 2) Wait a minute. The Lost Colony?
DECEMBER 3, 1903?
What was the Lost Colony?
(man) The Lost Colony was the group of set- Questions 21-25
tlers from England that landed on
(narrator) Listen to a lecture in a zoology class.
Roanoke Island in 1587. When a sup-
The professor is talking about hiber-
ply ship returned there three years
nation.
later, the colonists had disappeared.
To this day, no one knows what hap- (professor) When it begins getting cold in the
pened to them. north as winter approaches, different
(woman Okay, I think Roanoke Island is one types of animals deal with the
1)
good answer to a question about approach of the cold weather in dif-
famous historical places on the Outer ferent ways. Some animals move south
Banks. Now, what about Ocracoke to warmer weather, some animals
Island? Isn't Ocracoke Island famous increase their activity to stay warm,
for something? and other animals hibernate during
(woman All I know about Ocracoke Island is the cold weather. Today, we'll be dis-
2)
that it's where Blackbeard had his cussing this third category of animals,
hideout. the animals that hibernate. These are
(man) Blackbeard, the pirate? the animals like groundhogs and
(woman Yes. Blackbeard had his hideout on bears that go into a state of uncon-
2)
Ocracoke Island, early in the eigh- sciousness during the cold winter
teenth century. He
used to move up months.
and down the coast from his hideout The first animal we'll look at is the
on Ocracoke and attack ships and groundhog. The groundhog is one of
steal their goods. the best-known hibernators. It goes
(woman 1) Okay, so we've got historical places on into its burrow four or five feet under-
Roanoake Island and Ocracoke Island ground sometime in the fall, and it
for answers to the question. Can you doesn't come out until spring. A
come up with any other historical groundhog stays in its underground
places on the Outer Banks? burrow for the entire winter, without
(man) What about the Wright brothers? Did- coming out. Because the groundhog
n't they make their flights on the hibernates so completely, it's the
Outer Banks? groundhog that has achieved promi-
(woman 2) Yes, it was at Kill Devil Hill, outside of nence in our folklore as the animal
Kitty Hawk, that the Wright brothers that is responsible for determining
made their flights. whether or not winter is over and it's
(man) On December 7, 1903, they managed safe to come out of hibernation.

to get a power-driven plane in the air,
According to folklore, the groundhog
for just a short time. But the plane was
will come out of the burrow where it's
flying.
hibernating on Groundhog Day in
(woman 2) Their first flight was only 12 seconds
February. If winter is over, the
long. They tried four flights on the
groundhog will remain out of its bur-
same day, and by the end of the day,
row, but if winter is going to last for a
they got the plane to stay up for fifty-
while longer, the groundhog will see
nine seconds, almost a full minute.
its shadow and scurry back into its
(woman 1) Okay. I think we have enough infor-
burrow.
mation to answer that question. We've
got historical places on Roanoke
We've discussed the groundhog, (professor) Today, I'll be talking about an acci-
which hibernates throughout the cold dent at a nuclear power plant. The
weather. Other animals that hibernate accident be discussing is the one
I'll
in a similar fashion are bats and squir- that occurred at Three-Mile Island in
rels. Now we'll look at the bear, which 1979. By the end of the lecture, you
hibernates in a different manner. should understand what factors con-
tributed to the accident there.
Bears do not hibernate as completely
as groundhogs, bats, or squirrels. In You can see Three-Mile Island in this
the southern half of the United photograph. The nuclear reactor at
States, bears do not hibernate at all Three-Mile Island is in the middle of a
because the weather doesn't get cold river in the state of Pennsylvania. This
enough for them to hibernate. In the nuclear reactor has two PWRs, which
northern half of the United States, means that it has two pressurized
bears may not stay in hibernation for water reactors. The problem that
the entire winter. They may come out occurred in 1979 was in the Number
of their hibernation during the winter Two pressurized water reactor.
and wander about before returning to
Now we're going to discuss what hap-
hibernation.
pened in the Number Two reactor at
A very important point that I'd like Three-Mile Island.
you to understand is that hibernation
The important thing to understand
is from sleep, and these dif-
different
about the accident was that there was
ferences between sleep and hiberna-
a series of problems rather than a sin-
tion are seen in body temperature
gle problem.
and heart rate. The main characteris-
tics of hibernation, which are very dif- The series of problems occurred in
ferent from sleep, are that body the water-cooling system. The initial
temperature and heart rate decrease problem was that a cooling system
significantly. valve stuck open and cooling water
ran out.
When an animal comes out of hiber-
nation, the heart rateand body tem- Unfortunately, the problem did not
perature increase to the levels normal end when the cooling valve stuck
during waking hours. During the open because operators misinter-
period when a large animal such as a preted the instrument readings. They
bear is coming out of hibernation, the knew there was a problem. They
animal's entire body does not warm at thought the cooling system had too
once. much water rather than too little
water. Because they thought that

The area around the heart warms up
there was too much water, they shut
first.As the heart warms up, it begins
off the emergency cooling water. As a
beating at its normal rate, and it is
result, there was no water to cool the
then able to pump blood around the
nuclear reactor.
rest of the body and heat up the rest
of the body. There wasn't a complete nuclear melt-
down when the emergency cooling
These are the main points that we
water was turned off, but there was a
need to cover about hibernation.
partial nuclear meltdown. A nuclear
Now, we'll take a short break before
meltdown would exist if the uranium
moving on to the next subject.
in the fuel core melted completely. In
21. WHAT IS NOT MENTIONED BY THE PROFES- this situation, heat built up in the fuel
SOR AS A WAY THAT VARIOUS TYPES OF ANI- core until the uranium began to melt,
MALS PREPARE FOR THE COLD WEATHER? but it didn't melt down completely.
22. WHAT IS NOT STATED IN THE LECTURE Ihope you can understand the series
ABOUT GROUNDHOG DAY? of events that led to the problem at
23. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A GOOD Three-Mile Island. It all started with
HIBERNATOR? the stuck valve in the cooling system
24. WHAT HAPPENS TO BODY TEMPERATURE and was exacerbated by the misinter-
AND HEART RATE DURING HIBERNATION? preted readings and the improper
25. WHAT PART OF THE BEAR WAKES UP FIRST shutdown of the emergency cooling
FROM HIBERNATION? system.
Questions 26-30 Fortunately, the meltdown that did

(narrator) Listen to a lecture in a science class. occur was only partial and not com-
The professor is talking about Three- plete.
Mile Island.
RECORDING SCRIPT
26. WHAT DO THE INITIALS PWR STAND FOR? 10. (woman) Do we have enough food for all the
27. HOW MANY PWRS ARE THERE ON THREE- guests who are attending the recep-
MILE ISLAND? tion this evening?
28. WHAT DOES THE LECTURER SAY ABOUT THE (man) The refrigerator's about to burst.
PWRS DURING THE ACCIDENT? ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
29. WHAT ERRORS DID THE OPERATORS MAKE?
30. THE PROFESSOR EXPLAINS A SERIES OF TOEFL EXERCISE 2, page 32
EVENTS. PUT THE EVENTS IN THE ORDER IN 1. (woman) What did you think of the final exam
WHICH THEY OCCURRED. in algebra?
(man) It was too easy!
SHORT DIALOGUES (Paper and 2. (woman) How are you feeling today?
Computer) (man) I'm really feeling rather sick.
TOEFL EXERCISE I, page 30

(narrator) HOW IS THE MAN FEELING?
3. (man) Has your family been in business for
1. (woman) How soon will you be leaving?
quite some time?
(man) I'm on my way now.
(woman) No, the family business was just estab-
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? lished last year.
2. (man) Was Steve able to get into the house? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY
(woman) I left the door unlocked for him. ABOUT THE FAMILY BUSINESS?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN 4. (woman) Did you have to wait at the airport for
ASSUME STEVE DID?
a long time?
3. (man) The dinner special is roast turkey with (man) No, the plane landed right on sched-
mashed potatoes and gravy, and apple ule.
pie for dessert. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
(woman) That doesn't sound good to me.
5. (man) Do you want to join me in the pool?
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (woman) Oh, I'll just run and put my suit on.
4. (woman) Could you help me with my physics (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN IMPLY?
homework tonight? I'm really having
6. (man) Last night's fire burned the entire
trouble with it.
hillside.
(man) Sorry, I'm busy tonight.
(woman) At least the homes were saved.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN IMPLY? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
5. (man) What did you think of Professor Mar-
7. (man) Should I add more salt and pepper to
tin's lecture on the migratory habits
the soup?
of whales?
( woman) No, I think there's enough.
(woman) my eyes open.
I couldn't keep
8. (woman) How are you able to pay your college
6. (woman) Have month's bills been paid, or
this
fees?
is that something we need to take care
(man) I was fortunate to get a scholarship.
of now?
I paid the phone and electricity, but
(man)
not the credit cards. 9. (man) How successful was the corporation
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? last year?
(woman) It made quite a big profit.
7. (man) Will you be able to get back from run-
ning all your errands by four o'clock?
ABOUT THE CORPORATION?
(woman) I'll be back as quickly as I can.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY 10. (woman) Chuck is on his way to the bank now,
THAT SHE'LL DO? isn't he?
(man) Yes, he is. He thinks his bank account
8. (man) Have you seen Tim? I really need to
is overdrawn.
talk with him about the phone bill.
(woman) Well, ... he was here just a minute ago.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY TOEFL EXERCISE 3, page 34
ABOUT TIM?
1. (man) How long until you'll be ready to
9. (man) There's a car parked in my spot even leave?
though the sign says that this space is
(woman) First, I need to water the grass.
reserved.
(woman) I guess we'll have to park somewhere
else. 2. (man) Do you think I should buy this
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? sweater?

(woman) But it doesn't really seem to fit right.
3. (woman) Is Walter's job near here?
RECORDING SCRIPT
(man) Walter's been commuting to Boston (woman) But we've been standing in line for
on a regular basis. almost an hour!
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
WALTER? 6. (woman) The conductor is coming down the
4. (woman) Did Bob memorize every detail in the aisle.
chapter? (man) Yes,he is collecting the train fare

(man) He wasn't able to master the lesson. from the passengers.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT (narrator) WHAT IS HAPPENING?
BOB? 7. (woman) Have you heard about the new man-
5. (man) It's so sad what happened to the ani- agement training program?
mals. (man) It will start later this week.
(woman) Yes, it is. Whenever there's a forest (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
fire, many animals die.
(man) Does anyone know where the
8. fire got
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? started?
6. (woman) Do you want to take a look in this ( woman) It must have started in the attic.
store? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
(man) You bet. The shoes are on sale for
9. (woman) Aren't you going to tell me exacdy
twenty dollars a pair!
what happened?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (man) I assumed that you already knew the
7. (woman) Why didn't Tom come with us this truth.

afternoon? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
(man) He was attending a required biology
10. (man) Have you seen any of the sketches
lab.
Dave did for his art professor?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (woman) I've seen some of them, and they were
8. (woman) Why are you waiting here by the front fantastic!
door? ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY
(man) The mail should arrive at noon, and ABOUT DAVE?
I'm expecting something important.
( narrator) WHY IS THE MAN WAITING? TOEFL EXERCISE 4, page 38
9. (woman) Do you think it'll rain today? 1. (woman) I didn't bring my laboratory manual
(man) I heard on the news that a bad storm today.
is heading in. (man) You can share mine. Today we're con-
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? ducting the experiment on photosyn-
thesis, and we can work together.
10. (woman) Is there any way I could help you with
dinner?
(narrator) WHERE DOES THIS CONVERSA-
TION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE?
(man) Would you mind chopping vegetables
for salad? 2. (man) This is flight 707 requesting permis-
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN ASK THE sion to land.
WOMAN? (woman) Right 707, you are cleared for land-
ing.
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 1-3), page 35 (narrator) WHO IS THE MAN?
1. (woman) and get something
Let's stop to drink. 3. (woman) Do you want to do the dishes now or
(man) Some coffee would be nice. later?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (man) I'd rather put them off as long as pos-
sible.
2. (man) Let's go for a walk in the park.
(woman) No, not today. It's too cloudy and
(narrator) WHAT WILL THE MAN PROBABLY
cold.
DO?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? 4. (man) How much of a tip should I leave?
3. (man) Ihave trouble sleeping at night.

(woman) Oh, a dollar's plenty. The service was-
n't very good.
(woman) You could try counting sheep.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SUG- (narrator) WHERE DOES THIS CONVERSA-
GEST TO THE MAN? TION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE?
4. (woman) Have you heard that the department

5. (woman) Can I pick up my shoes on Tuesday? I
need them for a party that night.

ischanging the graduation require-
(man) They should be fixed by then.
ments for our major?
(man) Yes, and I just can't believe it!
(narrator) WHO IS THE MAN?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 6. (woman) Did you get pictures of the lions?
(man) Yes, and now let's go to the other side
5. (man) I think we're going to be here for a
of the park. I want to see the exotic
while.
birds.
RECORDING SCRIPT
(narrator) WHERE DOES THIS CONVERSA- (woman) Their car was left in the airport lot.
TION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
7. (man) Could you put the letters in the pend- 9. (man) Has the chosen a representative?
class
ing file now? (woman) The other students appointed Mac
(woman) Yes. Then I can answer them tomor- class representative.
row. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
( narrator) WHAT WILL THE WOMAN PROBA- 10. (woman) Wasn't the building damaged in the
BLY DO TOMORROW? earthquake?
8. (man) The lights are flashing, and every- (man) Yes, it was. And when this happened,
one's going in. the inhabitants were paid by the insur-
(woman) We should take our seats now before ance company.
the second act starts. ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
( narrator) WHERE DOES THIS CONVERSA-
TION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE? TOEFL EXERCISE 6, page 42
9. (woman) Have you responded to Bob's dinner 1. (man) The passenger arrived in a taxi.
invitation yet? ( woman) Yes, and then she had the taxi driver
(man) I'll take care of it right away. wait at the corner.
( narrator) WHAT WILL THE MAN PROBABLY ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
DO NEXT? 2. (man) Did you go to the concert last night?
10. (man) Can you fill this prescription for me? (woman) Yes, it was great, and I got to hear Jane
(woman) If you leave the prescription, I can play the harp.
have it filled in about ten minutes. ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
(narrator) WHO IS THE WOMAN? 3. (woman) Did the children like the new baby-sit-
ter?
TOEFL EXERCISE 5, page 40 (man) Not really, because she made them go
1. (man) Would you like to go to the new to bed early.
restaurant on the corner? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
(woman) Is that the one that serves vegetarian
4. (man) Why is that man throwing the ball so
food?
carefully?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN WANT (woman) He is tossing the ball to his young son.
TO KNOW? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY
2. (man) Has Harry heard from the law school ABOUT THE FATHER AND SON?
yet?
5. (man) Did the professor tell her students
(woman) Yes, he was admitted by the law school
about the lecture this evening?
for the fall semester.
(woman) Yes, she directed her students to
(narrator) WHAT HAPPENED TO HARRY? attend it.
3. (man) Mark said that you were a

of help. lot (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
(woman) Well, I took care of his plants while he
6. (woman) I cannot find the clerk.
was out of town.
(man) The floor manager sent him back to
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? the supply room.
4. (woman) Do you know what happened during (narrator) WHAT HAPPENED, ACCORDING
the lightning storm? TO THE MAN?
(man) Yes, several trees were destroyed.
7. (woman) Will the students be able to get hold
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? of the books that they need?
5. (man) Did you see Sally? Her leg's in a cast. (man) The librarian had them reserve the
(woman) Yes,I know. She told me that she books for two days.
broke her leg skiing in the mountains. ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
(narrator) WHAT HAPPENED TO SALLY? 8. (man) Were elections held last night, as
6. (woman) The horses are not in very good shape scheduled?
now. (woman) Yes, and the board elected Tony chair-
(man) They were ridden too long and too man for another year.
hard. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 9. (woman) At the trial the defendant was found
7. (woman) Why didn't you order coffee? guilty.
(man) I thought it had already been (man) Yes, the judge called the defendant a
ordered. murderer.
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
8. (man) How are your friends going to get 10. (woman) Have the names of the new committee
home from the airport after their members been announced?
trip?
RECORDING SCRIPT
(man) Congratulations! You've been (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
appointed to serve on the committee.
3. (woman) I'd like some unleaded gas, please.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (man) Would you like me to fill it up?
(narrator) WHERE DOES THE MAN PROBA-
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 4-6), page 43
BLY WORK?
1. (woman) Can I help you?
4. (man) What do you suggest for breakfast?
(man) I need two stamps and a padded mail-
(woman) Well, you could have cereal or eggs, or
ing envelope, please.
both.
( narrator) WHERE DOES THIS CONVERSA- (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
5. (woman) Did Ellen help you a lot with your
2. (man) Why were the students coming to the
training?
teacher's office?
(man) She really urged me to do my best.
(woman) They had to hand in their papers.
6. (man) Did you hear what happened to Rob's
3. (man) Did Mark stop at the service station?
car last night?
(woman) Yes, he had the attendant check the
(woman) Yeah, I heard that it was stolen.
oil in his car.
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
7. (woman) We need to get some milk for tomor-
4. (woman) I'd like a burger and fries, please.
row morning. What about this carton?
(man) To stay, or to go?
(man) Maybe we should get the large one
( narrator) WHO IS THE MAN? instead of the small one.
5. (woman) Maybe we should make some more (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SUGGEST?
copies now, just in case.
8. (man) What happened when the business-
(man) Additional copies can be printed as
people arrived in the office?
needed.
(woman) Well, first they were greeted by the
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? receptionist.
6. (man) What did the professor ask the stu- (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
dents to do?
9. (woman) Did you see that? The police officer
(woman) He required them to buy two books.
was talking to the tourist.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (man) Yes, and then he made the tourist
7. (woman) Did Jim see a doctor this morning? come to the station.
(man) Yes, and the doctor told him to return (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
to the office to see him next week.
10. (woman) Do you want to go up to Carmel for
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? the weekend?
8. (man) Have you sent the tissue samples to (man) That seems like a terrific idea to me!
the laboratory? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
( woman) Not yet, but I'll get it done in the next
half hour. TOEFL EXERCISE 7, page 46
( narrator) WHAT WILL THE WOMAN PROBA- 1. (man) Are you going to take out the trash?
BLY DO NEXT? (woman) I have no time to do it.
9. (man) Has there been a change in senior (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
class president?
2. (woman) Are you worried about the interview?
(woman) Yes, Mary replaced Sue in that posi-
(man) It's unimportant to me.
tion.
3. (woman) Do you have all the notes for Psychol-
10. (man) Did you find that television program
ogy 101?
interesting?
(man) I didn't miss a single lecture.
(woman) I certainly did. The current political (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
situation was analyzed effectively by
the panel. 4. (woman) Do you know the library's summer
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? hours? I need to go there this
evening.
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-6), page 44 (man) It's never open past six o'clock in the
summer.
1. (man) Why do you think Peter said that?
(woman) I think he was really angry.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY (woman) How often should I water the plants
ABOUT PETER? while you're gone?
(man) No more than once a week.
2. (man) Why is Hannah so happy?
(narrator) WHAT SHOULD THE WOMAN DO?
(woman) Her parents have allowed her to stay
up late.
RECORDING SCRIPT
6. ^man) Did you enjoy your meal? That restau- 7. (man) Can you believe that George walked
rant is very famous. out of the restaurant without paying
(woman) The food was good, but I was dissatis- for his share of the meal?
fied with the service. (woman) It was irresponsible of him not to pay
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? the bill.
7. (woman) Do you think that Bob really wanted (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
me to go home? 8. (man) What happened when Harry applied
(man) He wasn't kidding when he told you to Milhouse University?
to leave. (woman) It was unfortunate that he wasn't
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT admitted to the university.
BOB? ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY
8. (woman) Can we finish this project before clos-
ABOUT HARRY?
ing time? 9. (woman) What did you think of the essay that I
(man) If we work on nothing else. wrote?

(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (man) The first draft of the essay wasn't well
written, and the second wasn't much
9. (man) Would you mind staying an hour
better.
more?
(woman) I'd rather not.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY 10. (man) Has Roger been disturbed by all of
ABOUT STAYING? the recent problems?
10. (woman) Would you recommend the hotel

(woman) He hasn't been unaffected.
where you stayed in New York? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
(man) The hotel provided service that was
unequaled!
TOEFL EXERCISE 9, page 50
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT 1. (woman) Do you expect a lot of rain this
THE HOTEL? month?

(man) It hardly ever rains in July.
TOEFL EXERCISE 8, page 48 (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
1. (man) Do you think Ron Rogers will be 2. (man) Were all three students accepted to
elected? the university?
(woman) Well, it's not completely impossible. (woman) Only John was accepted.
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN IMPLY (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
ABOUT RON? 3. (man) Did Mark do well in Professor
2. (woman) How was your tennis match today? Franks's class?
(man) I didn't serve well, and I didn't volley (woman) Mark barely passed the history exam
well either. that Professor Franks gave.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
HIS TENNIS GAME?
4. (woman) I can't believe how long we've been
3. (man) Was Gary prepared for the debate? here.
(woman) It is no surprise that he was unpre- (man) Dr. Roberts almost never keeps his
pared. patients waiting long.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
ABOUT GARY? 5. (man) I can't believe Betty is not at work this
4. (man) Did you go out dancing with everyone week!
else last night? (woman) Only rarely does Betty take a vacation
(woman) I was not feeling well, so I didn't go in winter.
out. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? 6. (man) Does Steve study very much?
5. (woman) Do you think Paula understands what (woman) He hardly ever opens a book.
she's done? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY
(man) She isn't unaware of the trouble she's ABOUT STEVE?
caused.
7. (woman) Was the philosophy exam very long?
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT (man) I scarcely had time to finish it.
PAULA? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
6. (man) Did your friends finish the term paper
8. (man) I was so bored at the staff meeting!
for history class?
(woman) Seldom have staff meetings lasted this
(woman) Steve wasn't able to finish it, and Paul
long.
wasn't either.
9. (woman) Are you enjoying the barbecue?
RECORDING SCRIPT
(man) Only rarely have I tasted such deli- ( woman) Not once on this trip has the bus left
cious meat. on time.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
10. (woman) Does your broken arm hurt very 3. (man) Was enough soup to go around?
there
much? ( woman) There was barely enough soup for
(man) Only if I try to move. everyone at the table.
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
4. (man) Do you really want to move to Florida?
couldn't want anything more!
( woman) I
1. (man) Are you pleased with the exam (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
results?
5. (man) Did you turn in your research paper
(woman) I couldn't be happier.
for history class?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? woman) I couldn't turn it in because it was
(
2. (woman) IsPaula lazy, as usual, this semester? incomplete.
(man) She's never tried harder. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 6. (woman) Do you think that your friends
3. (man) Was it a good
Did you buy a lot?
sale? enjoyed their trip to the Museum of
( woman) Prices couldn't have been any lower. Modern Art?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY (man) Sylvia doesn't care for modern art,
ABOUT THE SALE? and neither does Tim.
4. (woman) What do you think of Betsy? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
(man) I don't know a more intelligent 7. (woman) Can your friends go with us this after-
woman. noon, or do you think they will be too
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT busy?
BETSY? (man) They hardly ever work in the after-
noon.
5. (woman) Did the patient really need the
surgery? ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT
(man) It couldn't have been more unneces- HIS FRIENDS?
sary. 8. (woman) Do you think we could turn the air-
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? conditioner on? I'm really uncomfort-
able?
6. (man) Did any of you get hurt in the acci-
dent?
(man) The air-conditioner never works when
(woman) We couldn't have been luckier. it gets warm.
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN IMPLY? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN IMPLY?
9. (woman) Iheard that your exam results were
7. (woman) How do you think you did on the final
not too bad.
exam in biology?
(man) Nothing could have been more diffi-
(man) Actually, I've never done worse.
cult than that exam!
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 10. (man) Did the committee come to a decision
about the parking problem?
8. (man) Are you ready to accept the new posi-
tion?
(woman) The committee shouldn't have
decided the issue when so many mem-
(woman) Nobody wants that job more than I
bers weren't present.
do.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
9. (man) How did you do in the race? TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills I -10), page 54
(woman) Only one person was faster.
(man) What should I do to get over this?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? 1.
(woman) You should drink plenty of fluids, take

10. (woman) Do you think that the math project this medicine once every eight hours,
semester was easy?
this and return here to my office next
(man) Seldom has a math project been more week.
complicated. (narrator) WHERE DOES THIS CONVERSA-
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? TION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE?
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 7-10), page 53 2. (man) Did you find anything at the store?
(woman) I just bought a great shirt!
1. (man) Do you think you could try a little
harder?
3. (man) Did you enjoy the hotel where you
(woman) It's impossible for me to do more.
stayed in Hawaii?
(woman) The view of the ocean couldn't have
2. (man) What are you so upset about? been better.
RECORDING SCRIPT
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
4. (woman) You look like you're not feeling too 6. (man) I'm not about to condone what she
well. did!
(man) Actually, I'm just kind of tired. All I ( woman) I'm not either.
need is a bit of rest. ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
(narrator) WHAT WILL THE MAN PROBABLY 7. (woman) Those people upstairs always have
DO NEXT? such loud parties.
5. (woman) Do you think that Mary will forgive (man) Don't they!
me for what I did? ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
(man) She isn't exactly an unforgiving per-
8. (man) This meal is really delicious!
son.
( woman) Isn't it!
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
( narrator)
MARY?
9. (man) Ican't imagine what he was thinking
6. (man) Has Martha already gone on vacation?
about when he bought that car.
(woman) She can't take her vacation until next
(woman) Neither can I!
week.
ABOUT MARTHA? 10. (woman) This should be a two-semester course.
One semester is just not enough time
7. (man) I'm looking for some people who just to learn all the material.
came into the restaurant. (man) You can say that again!
(woman) The waitress seated them at a table in
the back.
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? TOEFL EXERCISE 1
2, page 59
8. (man) Let's go to the market and get some 1. (woman) Are we supposed to read all ten chap-
fresh fruit.
ters before the exam?
(woman) I was there morning, and the mar-
this
(man) As far as I can tell, we are.
ket scarcely had any.
ABOUT THE MARKET? 2. (man) You're out of apple pie!
(woman) Why not try the cherry pie?
Sorry.
9. (man) I'm thinking about taking a few WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SUG-
( narrator)
classes at the local adult school.
GEST?
(woman) It's never too late to go back to
school. 3. (woman) Do you know when the movie starts?
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (man) It starts at 8:00, doesn't it?

10. (man) I don't think can make it all the way
I
to the top of the mountain. 4. (woman) We can't leave now. We have to do the
(woman) I dare you to try!
dishes.
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (man) Let's leave the dishes until later.
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SUGGEST?
TOEFL EXERCISE 1
1, page 56 5. (man) Do you think Matt has enough talent
1. (man) I'd like to take a trip down the coast for the role?
this weekend. (woman) As far as I can tell.
(woman) Me, too. ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?

( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? 6. (woman) Did you hear that Mary's in the hospi-
2. (woman) Iwould like to see Matt elected to the tal with a broken leg?
town council next month. (man) Let's go visit her.
(man) So would I. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SUGGEST?

( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 7. (man) Where are the children?
3. (man) I'm not sure if I should take begin- (woman) They've gone to the park to play ball,
ning or intermediate French next haven't they?

semester. ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
(woman) Neither am I.
8. (man) I need some graph paper for my math
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? assignment.
4. (man) The food in the cafeteria is not (woman) I'm all out. Why don't you check with
exactly the best food I have ever Tom next door?
tasted. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SUG-
(woman) You can say that again! GEST?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? 9. (woman) Is the utilities bill due on the first or
(woman) This party certainly has been fun! the fifteenth?
(man) I'll say! (man) On the fifteenth, as far as I know.
1
RECORDING SCRIPT
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 2. (woman) I saw Bill in calculus class this morn-
ing.
10. (man) We need decide whether or not we
to
(man) Then he's not sick anymore.
are going to buy that house.
(woman) It's such a big decision. Let's sleep on
(narrator) WHAT HADTHE MAN ASSUMED?
it before we decide. 3. (man) I know how I'm going
don't to get this
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SUG- paper done by Monday.
GEST? (woman) Why not stay home tonight instead of
going out?
TOEFL EXERCISE 1
3, page 6 (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SUG-
1. (man) Greg should be here any moment. GEST?
(woman) Then, he is coming to the party! 4. (woman) The cafeteria is closed in the morn-
(narrator) WHAT HAD THE WOMAN ings.
ASSUMED? (man) So, the cafeteria doesn't serve break-
fast!
2. (woman) My motorcycle is over there. That's
how I got to school today.
(narrator) WHAT HAD THE MAN ASSUMED?
(man) So you can ride a motorcycle. 5. (woman) Do you think we can park in that lot
(narrator) WHAT HAD THE MAN ASSUMED? without getting a ticket?
(man) As far as I know.
3. (man) I'm having a few friends over for din-
ner tonight. Would you like to come?
(woman) So you do know how to cook! 6. (woman) I'm so glad to be finished with that
(narrator) WHAT HAD THE WOMAN class!
ASSUMED? (man) You can say that again!
4. (woman) I'm so tired from all that exercise.

(man) Then, you did run three miles this 7. (woman) I couldn't finish any of the math prob-
morning. lems that Professor Allen assigned for
(narrator) WHAT HAD THE MAN ASSUMED? today.
(man) Neither could I.
5. (man) I just spent five hours working on my
research project.
(woman) Bob, you were in the library. 8. (man) I just got back from the post office.
(narrator) WHAT HAD THE WOMAN (woman) Then, you did remember to mail the
ASSUMED ABOUT BOB? package!
6. (man) I just finished carrying the last piece

(narrator) WHAT HAD THE WOMAN
of furniture.
ASSUMED?
(woman) Then, you have moved into a new 9. (woman) I'm afraid there won't be enough
apartment! space in my car.
(narrator) WHAT HAD THE WOMAN (man) Let's take my car instead; it's bigger
ASSUMED ABOUT THE MAN? than yours.
7. (woman) Would you like to share some of this (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SUGGEST?
piece of chocolate cake? 10. (woman) These muffins taste really great.
(man) So you do eat sweets. (man) They were freshly made this morning,
(narrator) WHAT HAD THE MAN ASSUMED? weren't they?
8. (man) I'm studying now for my driver's (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
license test.
woman) Then, you will take the test this after-

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-13), page 63
(
noon. 1. (man) Here are all your phone messages.
( narrator) WHAT HAD THE WOMAN (woman) I need to respond to these right away.
ASSUMED? (narrator) WHAT WILL THE WOMAN PROBA-

now.
BLY DO NEXT?
9. (woman) I'm heading off to physics class
(man) Then you did register for that course! 2. (man) Can we meet next Tuesday at 3:00?
(narrator) WHAT HADTHE MAN ASSUMED (woman) I'll my calendar.
have to check
ABOUT THE WOMAN? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
10. (woman) The plumber just left. 3. (woman) Did you have enough to pay for the
(man) Then the pipes have been cleared. bicycle?
(narrator) WHAT HAD THEMAN ASSUMED? (man) Only barely.
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 1 1-13), page 62
4. (man) Did the television get fixed?
1. (man) The phone bill is certainly high this (woman) I had Bob look at it, and now it works.
month! (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
(woman) I'll say!
RECORDING SCRIPT
5. (man) Did your new assistant do a good job 7. (man) Do you have a good schedule of
today? classes this semester?
(woman) I couldn't say that he was helpful. (woman) I wish I didn't need to take this alge-
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY bra course. I'm not very good at
ABOUT THE ASSISTANT? math.
6. (man) Walk-through registration took me

(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN IMPLY?
three hours to complete. 8. (woman) Your apartment is in a really great
(woman) Why not try registering by mail next location!
semester? (man) But I wish I had been able to find
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SUG- something cheaper.
GEST? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
7. (woman) Were you able to get in touch with 9. (woman) Why are you sitting all the way in the
Paula? back of the auditorium?
(man) I wasn't able to give her a call because (man) I hadn't arrived so late. Then
wish I I
her number was unlisted. could have gotten a better seat.

(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN IMPLY?
8. (man) Did you have a problem when you 10. (woman) Are you going to the football game
arrived at the train station? this weekend?
(woman) There was nowhere to store my lug- (man) I wish I could, but I have to work on
gage. my sociology paper.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
9. (woman) I just sent in my forms to the psychol-
ogy department.
TOEFL EXERCISE 1
5, page 67
(man) So you are going to major in psychol- 1. (woman) I'm glad I called and told you about
ogy! the meeting.
( narrator) WHAT HAD THE MAN ASSUMED? (man) If you had not called me, I would not
have known.
10. (man) That exam couldn't have been more
difficult!
(woman) I'll say! 2. (man) I always seem to get stopped by the
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? police.
(woman) If youdrove more slowly, the police
TOEFL EXERCISE 1
4, page 65 would not stop you so often.
1. (man) Do you think we'll be able to get tick-
ets for the concert? 3. (man) Do you know that some offices are
(woman) I wish there weren't so many people closed next Friday?
in line in front of us. (woman) Wouldn't it be nice if we didn't have
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? to work on Friday?
2. (woman) I'm sorry I didn't tell you about the ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
parking ticket. 4. (woman) I don't think that the letter that I
(man) I me about
wish you had told it. mailed last week arrived.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (man) If you had put enough postage on it,
the letter would have arrived.

3. (man) Did you see the work schedule for
next week? ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
(woman) I wish I didn't have to work so many 5. (woman) Do you have a pet dog?
hours then. (man) I would like to have one, if it didn't
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN IMPLY? require so much attention.
4. (man) Are you happy with the changes in the ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
requirements for graduation? 6. (man) Did the other students know we were
(woman) I wish the department had not made having a psychology exam today?
the changes. (woman) Had they known about the exam, they
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? would 've prepared for it.
5. (woman) Are you going to the theater with us
this weekend?
ABOUT THE OTHER STUDENTS?
(man) I wish I had enough money to go. 7. (woman) We're all going out to a great restau-
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN IMPLY. rant tonight. Do you want to come
with us?
6. (woman) Did you hear how Harry did on the
(man) If it didn't cost so much, I would.
astronomy exam?
(man) I bet he wishes he had studied harder.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 8. (woman) Do you think Joe saw the car coming
around the corner so fast?
1
RECORDING SCRIPT
(man) Had he
seen the car coming, he (man) Ifshe had taken the medicine that the
would've been able to get out of the doctor prescribed, she might be feel-
way. ing a lot better.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
9. (woman) I want to be here now.
really don't
(man) If you didn't want to be here, then
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-15), page 69
why are you here? 1. (man) This tea is awfully hot.
(narrator) WHAT DID THE MAN ASSUME? (woman) Why not wait a few minutes?
10. (man) Kathy couldn't have known that the
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SUG-
GEST?
first prize in the contest was a trip to
Hawaii. 2. (woman) I'd like two tickets to the six o'clock

(woman) She would've worked harder on her show, please.
art project if she had known what first (man) That will be ten dollars.
prize was. (narrator) WHERE DOES THIS CONVERSA-
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? TION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE?
3. (woman) Are you glad that the semester's about
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 14-15), page 68
over?
1. (man) Did you enjoy the film? (man) I'm not exacdy sad that it's ending.
(woman) I wish it had not been so violent. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? 4. (woman) How much damage did the storm do?
2. (woman) Did you remember to close the win- (man) The behind the house were
trees
dows before we left? knocked down.
(man) If I had left the windows open, the (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
rain would have gotten in.
5. (woman) I hear the football team lost again.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (man) As usual.
3. (man) Are your parents able to come to the (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
graduation ceremonies?
6. (man) Ihave to be at the office at 8:00 every
(woman) I wish they were able to come.
morning.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? woman) Then, you did get a job!
(
4. (woman) Are you going on vacation next week? (narrator) WHAT HADTHE WOMAN
(man) I would miss the conference if I took ASSUMED ABOUT THE MAN?
my vacation next week. 7. (woman) How was your vacation in the islands?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (man) If I had not lost my passport, I would
5. (woman) You have chemistry lab this afternoon, have enjoyed it a lot more.
don't you? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
(man) Yes, and I really wish I didn't have to
8. (woman) Can you tell me which bus I should
go there.
take to get to Riverdale?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (man) The number 8 bus, I think.
6. (man) How could they have run out of gas? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN INDICATE?
(woman) Had they filled up the tank at the last
9. (man) Did the laboratory assistant get a lot
service station, they wouldn't have
done?
run out of gas.
(woman) He couldn't finish more than one
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? experiment.
7. (woman) You have such a heavy schedule this (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
semester.
10. (man) I really wish the semester would end
(man) I really wish I had not registered for
soon!
so many courses. (woman) You can say that again!
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
8. (man) Do you take the bus to work every
day? TOEFL EXERCISE 1
6, page 7
(woman) If I didn't take the bus, I don't know 1. (man) The new neighbors have just moved
how I would get there.
in.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (woman) Maybe we should call on them.
9. (man) Do you have any eggs that
could bor- I (narrator) ACCORDING TO THE WOMAN,
row? I need them for a dish I'm WHAT SHOULD THEY DO?
preparing.
2. (woman) You know, I'm really enjoying this
(woman) I wish I had bought some when I was
class now.
at the store.
(man) I am, too. At first it was kind of bor-
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? ing, but now it's turning into some-
10. (woman) How is Teresa feeling? thing fascinating.
RECORDING SCRIPT
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 5. (man) I know you like this restaurant, but I
just don't like the food here.

3. (man) I heard you had a bad headache this
morning.
(woman) To each his own.
(woman) Yes, but I think I'm getting over it

now. 6. (man) Would be possible for you to drop
it
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? these letters in the mailbox for me?
4. (man) I'd like to stop smoking, but it's really

(woman) No sooner said than done.
hard for me.
( woman) Well, at least you should try to cut 7. (woman) Did you hear that Abbie won the art
down. scholarship?
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (man) You could have knocked me down
with a feather.
5. (man) Why was the client unhappy?
(woman) The lawyer turned down his case.
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? 8. (man) I have to read all six chapters this
weekend.
6. (woman) I really like Marsha.
(woman) We're all in the same boat.
(man) Me, too. She is just so friendly with
everyone.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT 9. (woman) Anne's project for the science fair was
MARSHA? incredible.
(man) She's really head and shoulders above
7. (woman) Are you going out or staying here
the rest.
tonight?
(man) I can't go out. I have to look after the
children.
ANNE?
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 10. (man) I can't believe how many forms I have
to fillout to apply for the scholarship.
8. (woman) Did you see in the paper this morning
(woman) Yes, and you should be sure to dot all
that one section of the factory is clos-
the i's and cross all the t's.
ing down today?
(man) Yes, and some of the workers will be
laid off.
WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 1 6- 1
7), page 74
( narrator)
THE WORKERS? 1. (man) Do you do the cooking every night?

(woman) No, my roommate and I take turns.
9. (woman) I heard that you're trying out for the
football team. Won't that be difficult?
(man) Yes, but I'm really going to try to pull 2. (man) Did you meet Hank's father at the
it off. game last night?
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (woman) Yes, I did. You know, Hank's really a
chip off the old block.
10. (man) Ilocked the keys in the car again.
woman) Oh, I don't know why I put up with
(
you.
ABOUT HANK?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? 3. (man) Do you want to go to the football
game with us tonight?
TOEFL EXERCISE 1
7, page 73 (woman) No, thanks. I think I'm coming down
with something.
1. (man) I was fifteen minutes late for class
today.
( woman) Better late than never. 4. (woman) I can't believe what Hal said to the
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? teacher!
(man) Yeah, he really put his foot in his
2. (woman) Do you want to work on the biology
mouth.
experiment together?
(man) Two heads are better than one. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? HAL?
5. (man) I'm going to the market now.
3. (man) I really don't want to work on the
( woman) Could you hold off going for a few
report now.
minutes? I'd like to go with you.
(woman) There's no time like the present.
6. (man) Igot a parking ticket, but I don't
4. (man) I just sold the last copy of that book
think I want to pay it.
thismorning. You'll have to try again
(woman) You know, you're really playing with
next week.
fire.
(woman) my luck.
Just
RECORDING SCRIPT
man) The noise from those machines is (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
really bothering me.
10. (woman) Icould not believe the story in the
woman) Yeah, Iwish we could just ask them to
news about the problem with the air-
cut it out.
plane.
narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (man) Yeah, saw it, too! The pilot was
I
man) Did Fred you his theory about

tell forced to land the plane in a field.
who took the money? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
woman) Yes, and I really think he's barking up
the wrong tree.
narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? LONG CONVERSATIONS (Paper)
man) This course is too hard for me. I think
I'll drop it.
just
EXERCISE 20, page 82
woman) Even though it's hard, you should 1. (narrator) The first part of Conversation 1 is:
keep at it as long as you can.

(man) I'm looking for a part-time job on
narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN TELL campus.
THE MAN?
(narrator) WHAT IS THE TOPIC OF CONVER-
man) How's the chemistry homework com- SATION 1?
ing?
2. (narrator) The first part of Conversation 2 is:
woman) It's like trying to swim upstream.
narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (woman) Hi, Jack. It's good to see you again.
Are you ready to get down to business
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-17), page 74 again after spring break?
(man) Not really, but I guess I don't really
1. (woman) Could you put some more wood in
have too much choice, do I? And it's
the fireplace?
going to be particularly hard to get
man) I'll have to bring some in from out-
back to work since I just had the most
side.
fantastic vacation ever.
narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN IMPLY?
(woman) Really? What did you do?
man) Alice, I thought you were working late (man) I went kayaking on the Klamath River.
tonight. (narrator) WHAT IS THE TOPIC OF CONVER-
woman) Iwas supposed to, but my conference SATION 2?
was called off.
3. (narrator) The first part of Conversation 3 is:
narrator) WHAT HAPPENED TO ALICE?
(man) Did you read the article that the pro-
woman) Why are you getting out of the water?
fessor assigned for tomorrow's class?
man) The lifeguard motioned that we
It was really interesting.
should move in that direction.
(woman) No, not yet. What was it about?
narrator) WHERE DOES THE CONVERSA-
(man) It was about pollution, specifically one
kind of pollution called acid rain.
woman) Did you enjoy the evening at the (narrator) WHAT IS THE TOPIC OF CONVER-
nightclub? SATION 3?
man) Iwish there had been a little more
room on the dance floor. EXERCISE 2 1, page 83
narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? Conversation 1
man) I just sent off the letter that you wrote.
(narrator) Listen to the beginning of Conversa-
woman) Then, you did figure out how to use
tion 1 , and try to imagine the situa-
the fax machine.
tion.
narrator) WHAT HAD THE WOMAN
ASSUMED ABOUT THE MAN? (man) I'm looking for a part-time job on
campus.
woman) I guessed that you would buy that new
(woman) Then you've come to the right place.
car.
The campus employment office is
man) And you hit the nail on the head.
here just to help students like you
narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? find jobs on campus.
woman) Is that your research paper for Eng- (man) I'm glad to hear that, because I really
lish Lit.? need to start earning some money.
man) Yes,and it's almost finished. Do you
think you could look it over for me?
1. WHO IS PROBABLY TALKING?
2. WHERE DOES THE CONVERSATION TAKE
narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN WANT? PLACE?
man) Has everyone been informed?
woman) No one is unaware of the situation. Conversation 2
narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (narrator) Listen to the beginning of Conversa-
woman) Did you sleep well last night? tion 2, and try to imagine the situa-
man) If the alarm were not so loud, I would tion.
never have woken up.
RECORDING SCRIPT
(woman) Hi, Jack. It's good to see you again. you can call me back tomorrow, and
Are you ready to get down to business maybe I'll have some news for you.
again after spring break? (man) Thanks for your help.
(man) Not really, but I guess I don't really
1. WHAT DOES THE MAN WANT TO DO?
have too much choice, do I? And it's WHERE DOES THE CONVERSATION PROBA-
2.
BLY TAKE PLACE?
back to work since I just had the most 3. HOW MANY HOURS OF WORK DOES THE
MAN WANT PER WEEK?
(woman) Really? What did you do? 4. WHEN CAN THE MAN WORK?
(man) I went kayaking on the Klamath River.
5. WHAT DOES THE WOMAN TELL THE MAN TO
1. WHO IS PROBABLY TALKING? DO TOMORROW?
2. WHEN DOES THE CONVERSATION TAKE
PLACE? Questions 6-10
3. WHAT IS THE SOURCE OF THE MAN'S INFOR- (narrator) Listen to a conversation between two
MATION? friends.
(woman) Hi, Jack. It's good to see you again.

Conversation 3 Are you ready to get down to business
(narrator) Listen to the beginning of Conversa- again after spring break?

tion 3, and try to imagine the situa- (man) Not really, but I guess I don't really
tion. have too much choice, do I? And it's

(man) Did you read the article that the pro-
back to work since I just had the most
fessor assigned for tomorrow's class?
It was really interesting.
(woman) Really? What did you do?
(woman) No, not yet. What was it about?
(man) I went kayaking on the Klamath River.
(man) It was about pollution, specifically one
(woman) Kayaking ?
kind of pollution called acid rain.
(man) Yes, you know what a kayak is, don't
1. WHO IS PROBABLY TALKING? you? It's a long, narrow boat, the kind
2. WHEN DOES THE CONVERSATION TAKE first used by the Eskimos. It's quite
PLACE? popular now on white-water rivers.
3. WHAT IS THE SOURCE OF THE INFORMA- (woman) Oh, I know what a kayak is. I was just
TION? surprised that you would take a trip
like that. Weren't you scared?
TOEFL EXERCISE 22, page 85 (man) At first, I was. But after I learned some
Questions 1-5 techniques for maneuvering the
(narrator) Listen to the following conversation kayak, it wasn't so bad. We didn't start
about a part-time job. out on the river. We had three whole
days of instruction in a shallow pool
(man) I'm looking for a part-time job on
first. Then, when we finally got out on
campus.
the river, I felt ready for it.
(woman) Then you've come to the right place. (woman) Did you spend the nights camping
The campus employment office is
outside on the ground? That alone
here just to help students like you
would make the trip unappealing to
find jobs on campus.
me.
(man) I'm glad to hear that, because I really
(man) Oh, no. The accommodations were
need to start earning some money. fantastic. Each person on the trip had
(woman) Let me ask you some questions to
a private cabin, and the facilities
help determine what kind of job
included a hot tub, a lodge where you
would be best. First of all, how many could have a drink and relax, and a
hours a week do you want to work?
top-notch cafeteria with great food.
(man) Ineed to work at least ten hours a
(woman) Now, that part of the trip does sound
week, and I don't think I can handle
good to me. But I don't think I'd like
more than twenty hours with all the
the part that involves riding through
courses I'm taking.
rough water in a small kayak.
(woman) And when are you free to work? (man) Oh, you should try it; I know you'd
(man) All of my classes are in the morning,
like it. I'm going to do it again myself,
so Ican work every weekday from
as soon can afford to spend the
as I
noon on. And of course I wouldn't time and the money.
mind working on the weekends. Well, better you than me.
(woman)
(woman) I'll try to match you up with one of
our on-campus student jobs. Please fill 6. WHEN DOES THE CONVERSATION PROBABLY
out this form with some additional TAKE PLACE?
information about your skills, and 7. WHAT ARE THE MAN AND WOMAN DIS-
leave the form with me today. Then CUSSING?
RECORDING SCRIPT
8. HOW MUCH INSTRUCTION DID THE MAN (man) How long will it take to get there?
HAVE BEFORE GOING OUT ON THE RIVER? (woman) About twenty minutes.
9. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT PART OF (man) What's my other choice?
THE KAYAKING TRIP? (woman) If you don't mind waiting around for
10. HOW DOES THE WOMAN FEEL ABOUT TAK- a while, you can take the shutde bus.
ING A KAYAKING TRIP? The bus only takes about five minutes
to get there.
Questions 11-15 (man) But I have to wait for the bus?
(narrator) Listen to a conversation between two ( woman) That's right.
classsmates. (man) Well, I guess I might as well walk.
(man) Did you read the article that the pro- 1 . WHERE DOES THE MAN WANT TO GO?
fessor assigned for tomorrow's class? 2. HOW MANY DIFFERENT ROUTES TO THE
It was really interesting. MUSIC BUILDING DOES THE WOMAN SUG-
(woman) No, not yet. What was it about? GEST?
(man) It was about pollution, specifically one 3. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH TAKING THE
kind of pollution called acid rain. SHUTTLE BUS?
(woman) Why is it called acid rain? 4. WHAT DOES THE MAN FINALLY DECIDE TO
(man) It's called acid rain because the rain DO?
or some other kind of precipitation
has been polluted with acid. Questions 5-9
(woman) Where does the acid come from? (narrator) Listen to a woman talk to a friend
(man) From cars or factories, anything that about her vacation.
burns coal or oil. These are made up
(man) How was your trip to Wyoming last
mosdy of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen
summer?
oxides, which react with water vapor
(woman) It was fantastic. Some of the most
toform sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
beautiful scenery in the country is in
(woman) You mean that when coal or oil is
Wyoming.
burned, acid gets formed. And when (man) Where Wyoming?
did you go in
it rains or snows, the acids fall back on
(woman) We drove by Devil's Tower National
earth.
Monument, and we spent a few days
(man) Exacdy. That's why it's so dangerous.
in Laramie. But we spent most of our
Acid rain has been falling over areas
vacation in Yellowstone National Park.
of northern America and northern
(man) You went to Yellowstone? I wish I
Europe, and if this isn't checked, the
could 've gone! I've heard that Yellow-
effect on the water supply and plant
stone is just magnificent.
and animal life could be disastrous.
(woman) It's the oldest and largest national
(woman) This is something important. I really
park in the United States. And it's got
need to read that article.
spectacular waterfalls, hot springs,
11. WHAT IS THE TOPIC OF THIS CONVERSA- and geysers.
TION? (man) Did you see Old Faithful?
12. WHAT ENERGY SOURCES CAUSE ACID RAIN? (woman) Of course we saw Old Faithful. It's the
13. HOW IS SULFURIC ACID FORMED? best known of the geysers there. We
14. ACCORDING TO THE MAN, WHERE IS ACID couldn't visit Yellowstone without see-
RAIN A PROBLEM? ing Old Faithful.
15. WHAT ACTION DOES THE WOMAN THINK (man) Do you think you'll be taking another
SHE SHOULD TAKE NEXT? vacation in Yellowstone again? If you
do, I'd like to go next time.
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 18-22),
5. HOW DOES THE WOMAN DESCRIBE HER
page 86
WYOMING VACATION?
Questions 1—4 6. HOW DID THE WOMAN PROBABLY TRAVEL
(narrator) Listen to a man asking a woman for ON VACATION?
directions. 7. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DID THE
(man) Can you tell me how to get to the WOMAN DO ON VACATION?
Music Building from here? I have a 8. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A WELL-
lecture to attend there. KNOWN SIGHT IN YELLOWSTONE?
(woman) Oh, are you new to campus? 9. WHAT WOULD THE MAN LIKE TO DO?
(man) Yes, I just got here last night.
Questions 10-13
(woman) Well, to get to the Music Building, you
have two choices. If you want to go (narrator) Listen to a conversation between two
friends.
right now you can walk straight down
this street until you're past the Com- (man) How are you going to spend this
mons, and then turn right. The Music year's Thanksgiving vacation?
Building will be straight ahead.
RECORDING SCRIPT
(woman) I'm going to spend it with my family. Today, we are going to discuss the vol-
We celebrate very traditionally. We go canoes of Hawaii, which are quite dif-
to my grandparents' house and have a ferent from the volcanoes in the Ring
big Thanksgiving dinner. It's really of Fire.
the only time in the year that my 2. (narrator) WHAT IS THE TOPIC OF TALK 2?
whole family gets together.
(man) In my family we just have a big feast,
3. (narrator) The first part of Talk 3 is:
too. We don't really stop and think
about how Thanksgiving Day devel- (woman) I hope you've enjoyed your visit so far
oped, how new colonists in Massachu- inWashington, D.C. Today, we're

setts had a three-day feast to give going on a tour of the Smithsonian.
thanks for surviving the first terrible 3. (narrator) WHAT IS THE TOPIC OF TALK 3?
winter and for gathering their first
corn harvest the following year. EXERCISE 26, page 94

(woman) Did you know that the original
Talk 1
Thanksgiving Day was celebrated in
(narrator) Listen to the beginning of Talk 1, and
July?
try to imagine the situation.
(man) No, thought Thanksgiving had
I
always been in November. (woman) Welcome to Biology 101. I'm Profes-

(woman) The first Thanksgiving was celebrated sor Martin, and your laboratory
this is
on July 30, 1623. After that, Thanks- assistant, Peter Smith. This course
giving was celebrated at many differ- meets twice a week for lecture and
ent times. It wasn't until 1863 that once a week for laboratory assign-
Abraham Lincoln declared the last ments.
Thursday in November as a day of 1. WHO IS PROBABLY TALKING?
thanksgiving, and this holiday has
2. WHERE DOES THE TALK PROBABLYTAKE
been celebrated in November ever PLACE?
since.
3. WHEN DOES THE TALK PROBABLYTAKE
10. WHAT IS THE SUBJECT OF THIS CONVERSA- PLACE?
TION? 4. WHAT COURSE IS BEING DISCUSSED?
11 . HOW WILL THE WOMAN SPEND THANKSGIV-
ING? Talk 2
12. WHAT WERE THE MASSACHUSETTS (narrator) Listen to the beginning of Talk 2, and
COLONISTS THANKFUL FOR? try to imagine the situation.
13. ACCORDING TO THE SPEAKER, WHEN IS (man) In yesterday's class, we discussed the
THANKSGIVING CELEBRATED TODAY? volcanoes located in the area known as
the Ring of Fire, an area which basi-
cally encircles the Pacific and includes
LONG TALKS (Paper) the United States's Mount St. Helens
as well as Japan's Mt. Fuji and
EXERCISE 25, page 93 Argentina's Aconcagua, the highest
1. (narrator) The first part of Talk 1 is: mountain in the Western Hemisphere.
Most of the world's approximately 500
(woman) Welcome to Biology 101. I'm Profes-
active volcanoes are located along the
sor Martin, and this is your laboratory
Ring of Fire, and the eruptions that
assistant, Peter Smith.
take place there are among the most
1. (narrator) WHAT IS THE TOPIC OF TALK 1? violent in the world.
Today, we are going to discuss the vol-

2. (narrator) The first part of Talk 2 is:
canoes of Hawaii, which are quite dif-
(man) In yesterday's class, we discussed the ferent from the volcanoes in the Ring
volcanoes located in the area known of Fire.
as the Ring of Fire, an area which basi-
1. WHO IS PROBABLY TALKING?
2. WHERE DOES THE TALK PROBABLYTAKE
the United States's Mount St. Helens
PLACE?
3. WHEN DOES THE TALK PROBABLYTAKE
Argentina's Aconcagua, the highest
PLACE?
mountain in the Western Hemi-
4. WHAT COURSE IS BEING DISCUSSED?
sphere. Most of the world's approxi-
mately 500 active volcanoes are
Talk 3
located along the Ring of Fire, and
(narrator) Listen to the beginning of Talk 3, and
the eruptions that take place there
try to imagine the situation.
are among the most violent in the
world.
RECORDING SCRIPT
(woman) I hope you've enjoyed your visit so far Today, we are going to discuss the vol-
in Washington, D.C. Today, we're canoes of Hawaii, which are quite dif-
going on a tour of the Smithsonian. ferent from the volcanoes in the Ring
of Fire. Hawaiian volcanoes are not
1. WHO IS PROBABLY TALKING? located along the Ring of Fire and are
2. WHERE DOES THE TALK TAKE PLACE?
therefore not caused by the move-
3. WHEN DOES THE TALK TAKE PLACE?
ment of the Earth's plates against
each other. Instead, Hawaii is located
in the middle of the Ring of Fire,
Questions 1-5 above a massive plate rather than
(narrator) Listen to a talk given by a professor. where two plates meet. The result is
(woman) Welcome I'm Profes-
to Biology 101. that Hawaiian volcanoes are much
sor Martin, and this is your laboratory gentler than those in the Ring of Fire:
assistant, Peter Smith. This course Hawaiian volcanoes have much less
meets twice a week for lecture and gas in them, which causes less explo-
once a week for laboratory assign- sive eruptions, and the lava in Hawai-
ments. ian volcanoes is thinner, which results

in mounds that are long and low
The text for this course is Introduction
rather than high and steep because
to by Abramson. You
Biological Sciences,
the lava flows farther and builds
should get the text and read the first
mounds gradually with long, low
chapter before the next class. You will
slopes. Mauna Loa, the name of one
also need to get the laboratory man-
of Hawaii's most famous volcanoes,
ual that accompanies the text.
actually means "long mountain."
I've passed out a copy of the course
6. WHAT WAS THE TOPIC OF YESTERDAYS LEC-
syllabus. This syllabus lists the reading
TURE?
assignments and exam dates. Note
7. WHAT IS THE TOPIC OF TODAYS LECTURE?
that we will cover one chapter a week
8. WHERE ARE MOST OF THE WORLD'S ACTIVE
for each of the next fifteen weeks in
VOLCANOES LOCATED?
the semester, and there will be three
9. WHAT IS CHARACTERISTIC OF HAWAII'S VOL-
exams throughout the course.
CANOES?
Grades in this course are based on 10. WHAT IS MAUNA LOA?
your exam grades and your grades on
the laboratory assignments. Are there Questions 11-15
any questions? (narrator) Listen to a talk about the Smithson-
ian.
1. WHEN DOES THIS TALK PROBABLY TAKE
PLACE? (woman) I hope you've enjoyed your visit so far
2. HOW OFTEN WILL PROFESSOR MARTIN GIVE inWashington, D.C. Today, we're
LECTURES? going on a tour of the Smithsonian,
3. WHAT IS THE ASSIGNMENT FOR THE NEXT The Smithsonian is actually several
CLASS? museums, each with a different focus,
4. WHAT INFORMATION IS GIVEN IN THE SYL- situated together on a mall. These
LABUS? museums in total havemore than
5. WHAT WILL THE PROFESSOR USE TO DETER- sixty million items on exhibit. The
MINE THE FINAL COURSE GRADES? firstSmithsonian museum we'll visit is
the Museum of Natural History, which
Questions 6-10 has various types of stuffed animals,
(narrator) Listen to a lecture given by a profes- and exhibits showing the lifestyles of
sor. early American Indians and Eskimos.
(man) In yesterday's class, we discussed the
From the Museum of Natural History,
we'll go on to the National Air and
volcanoes located in the area known
Space Museum, where we'll see dis-
as the Ring of Fire, an area which basi-
plays that show the development of
flight. In this museum you can see the
the United States's Mount St. Helens
airplane that Orville Wright used to
Argentina's Aconcagua, the highest
make his first flight and the airplane
that Charles Lindbergh used to cross
mountain in the Western Hemi-
sphere. Most of the world's approxi-
the Adantic. After we visit those two
mately 500 active volcanoes are

museums have free
as a group, you'll
time to visit some of the other Smith-
located along the Ring of Fire, and
sonian museums: the Museum of
the eruptions that take place there
American History, the Smithsonian
are among the most violent in the
Arts and Industries Building, and the
world.
various art museums located on the
RECORDING SCRIPT
Smithsonian Mall. After our trip to 3. WHAT TWO AREAS WILL THE TOUR CON-
the Smithsonian today, we'll go on to CENTRATE ON?
the White House and Capitol Build- 4. WHAT ARE THE STUDENTS PROBABLY GOING
ing tomorrow. TO DO NEXT?
11. WHO IS PROBABLY GIVING THIS TALK? Questions 5-8
12. HOW MANY ITEMS ARE ON EXHIBIT IN THE (narrator) Listen to a talk in a lecture series.
SMITHSONIAN MUSEUMS?
13 ACCORDING TO THE TALK, WHICH MUSEUM (man) This is the fourth lecture in a series of
HAS EXHIBITS OF EARLY ESKIMOS? Personal Health Care lectures pre-
14 WHICH MUSEUM WILL THEY VISIT AS A sented by Student Health Services.
GROUP? I'm Dr. Hall, a dermatologist, and
15 WHERE WILL THEY GO TOMORROW? tonight I will be speaking about the
effects of stress on the skin.
The relationship between skin prob-
page 97 lems and stress is rather complicated:
Questions 1-4 skin problems often accompany stress,
(narrator) Listen to a talk by a librarian. but it is not the stress itself that
directly causes the skin problems.
(woman) Hello and welcome to the library. I'm
Instead, it is the side effects of stress,
Ms. Martin, the assistant librarian, and
such as the use of alcohol, tobacco,
this is the library orientation tour for
and caffeine, that are often to blame.
new graduate students in the business
department. If you are not a newly Alcohol consumed in large quantities
admitted graduate student or your can cause problems with the skin by
major is not business, then you are in increasing the flow of blood to the
the wrong place. skin; this makes the skin feel warmer
and can worsen the itching that
really
Now let's get started.I'm sure you
accompanies conditions such as hives
understand that, as graduate students,
or rosacea. Nicotine and caffeine, on
you will be required to do a tremen-
the other hand, cause problems by
dous amount of research. Here at the
reducing the supply of blood to the
library, we try to make this process as
skin; this in turn keeps the skin from
easy as possible for you. The library is
being properly nourished.
open for extensive hours, from 7:00
a.m. until midnight seven days a week, Thank you very much for your atten-
so that you have access to library
will tion, and I hope that you will return
research facilities almost any time that next week for the next lecture in the
you want. During final exam week, the series.
library is open twenty-four hours a
and there are library staff mem-
5. WHO IS THE SPEAKER?
day,
6. WHAT IS THE TOPIC OF THE TALK?
bers available to help you whenever
7. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN WORSEN
the library is open.
ITCHING?
During this tour, we will be concen- 8. HOW DOES CAFFEINE IRRITATE THE SKIN?
trating on two areas of the library.
The first area is the computerized Questions 9-12
search facilities, which are located on (narrator) Listen to a lecture given by a profes-
the second floor of the library. On the sor.
computer systems located in this area,

(woman) In today's class, we will be discussing
you can conduct computer searches
the nineteenth century crash of the
for books as well as articles in maga-
gold market. When the U.S. gold mar-
zines, newspapers, and journals. On
ket crashed on September 24, 1869,
the floor above the computer area are
the day became known as Black Fri-
reference materials devoted specifi-
day. What set the stage for the crash
cally to business. In this area, you can
was the excessive amount of paper
find references for books and periodi-
currency issued by the government to
cals related to business and annual
finance the Civil War. At the end of
reports on major corporations.
the war, speculators in New York tried
Now that we have completed this little to capitalize on the inflated price of
introduction, we are ready to start the gold in relationship to paper currency
tour. Please follow me. by cornering the gold market. Their
effort to corner the market was based
1. WHO IS MS. MARTIN TALKING TO? on what turned out to be false assur-
2. WHAT ARE THE LIBRARYS HOURS DURING
ances from the president's brother-in-
FINAL EXAM WEEK?
law that the United States government
RECORDING SCRIPT
would not sell off any of its gold Questions 6-8

reserves. When the U.S. Treasury (man) Can you me
about parking on
tell
announced $4 million in gold sales, campus? I don't have a car yet, but
the bottom fell out of the gold market I've decided to get one.
and the price of gold crashed. (woman) Parking is kind of difficult on campus
because there just aren't enough
9. WHEN WAS THE DAY KNOWN AS BLACK FRI-
spaces for all the people who want to
DAY?
park. You do know that if you're going
10. WHAT HAPPENED ON THE DAY KNOWN AS
to park on campus, you'll need a
BLACK FRIDAY?
parking sticker?
11. WHO SUPPLIED THE GOLD SPECULATORS
WITH FALSE INFORMATION? (man) A parking sticker? What kind of park-
ing sticker?
12. WHAT DID THE GOLD SPECULATORS WANT
(woman) Well, if you're only going to park on
THE U.S. GOVERNMENT TO DO?
campus once you can get a
in a while,
daily sticker each day that you park.
But if you're going to be parking on
CASUAL CONVERSATIONS campus often, then you really should
(Computer) get a permanent sticker.
(man) Well, I guess I need a permanent
sticker then.
Questions 1-3
6. WHAT IS TRUE ABOUT THE MAN?
(woman) Where are you heading now? You
7. WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY ABOUT PARK-
seem to be in a bit of a hurry.
ING ON CAMPUS?
(man) I'm on my way to the Music Building.
8. WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY THAT HE NEEDS?
I have a rehearsal in about fifteen
minutes.
Questions 9-11
(woman) A rehearsal? For what? (man) What a hard exam that was!
and
(man) I play in the university orchestra,
there are orchestra rehearsals three
(woman) It wasn't just hard — it was long. I
couldn't believe that we had fifty true-

times a week.
false questions plus two essay answers
(woman) You play in the orchestra? What
to write, all in only an hour.
instrument do you play?
(man) I didn't mind the true-false questions.
(man) I actually play two instruments. I play
In fact, I kind of enjoyed them. But I
the violin in the orchestra, and I also
don't like writing essay answers, so I
play the piano.
really didn't like an exam with two
(woman) I can't believe you can play two instru-
essays to write.
ments. I can't even play one.
(woman) Well, I did mind the true-false ques-
1. WHERE IS THE MAN GOING? tions. I spent too much time on them,
2. HOW OFTEN DOES THE ORCHESTRA MEET and then I didn't have enough time to
FOR PRACTICE? write the essays. I knew the answers to
3. HOW MANY MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS DOES the essays, but wrote the information
I
THE WOMAN PLAY? so quickly that I'm not sure if my

answers made any sense.
Questions 4-5 (man) I guess we'll just have to wait and see
(woman) Do you know how many papers we're how we did when we get the exams
going to have to write in this course? back. After all, everyone in the class
I'm a little confused about this. had the same time limit we did.
(man) The professor said in class that there
9. WHAT WAS TRUE ABOUT THE EXAM?
would be two papers.
(woman) That's what he said in class, but the
10. HOW DID THE MAN FEEL ABOUT THE TRUE-
FALSE QUESTIONS?
syllabus says that there are three
papers.
1 1 . HOW DID THE WOMAN DO ON THE ESSAY
QUESTIONS?
(man) Oh, that's right. did see that on the
I
syllabus. I can understand why you're

confused. I am, too.
(woman) I think we had better ask the profes-
sor about this at the next class. It's
important.
(man) Yes, it is. We do need to know for sure
how many papers we have to write.
4. WHAT IS THE WOMAN CONFUSED ABOUT?

5. WHAT DO THEY DECIDE TO DO?
RECORDING SCRIPT
ACADEMIC DISCUSSIONS (instructor) Now, we're going to review the infor-

(Computer) mation on various types of fractures,
or broken bones. Yesterday, we talked
EXERCISE 29, page 1 14 about three types of fractures. Do you
TOEFL EXERCISE 29, page 1 15 remember what they were? Clair?
(Clair) They were simple, compound, and
Questions 1-2
greenstick fractures.
(narrator) Listen to a discussion by a group of
(instructor) Yes, exactly. Now can you tell me how
students taking a meteorology class.
a simple fracture and a compound
The discussion is on the formation of fracture differ? Are they different
hail.
because of the number of fractures?
(woman 1) Okay, I think we understand how Dave?
snow and rain are formed. Now, we (Dave) No, the difference between a simple
need to discuss the formation of hail. and a compound fracture refers to
(man) What is hail exactly? How does it dif- how much damage there is to the tis-
fer from snow and rain? sue around the broken bone rather
(woman 2) Hail is drops of rain.
really frozen than the number of breaks in the
(man) And how do the drops of rain get bone. In a simple fracture, the bone is
frozen? broken, but there is litde damage to
(woman 1) They get frozen when they are pushed the tissue around the bone. In a com-
up into higher elevations where it is pound fracture, the bone is broken
colder. and there's a lot of damage to the tis-
(man) And how does happen? that sue around the broken bone.
(woman 2) Hailstones develop in cumulonimbus (instructor) How much tissue damage is there in a
clouds that have grown very tall. They compound fracture? Gail?
can actually be as tall as six miles. (Gail) In a compound fracture, the broken
(man) That's right. The cumulonimbus bone comes through the skin.
clouds are so tall that they are much (instructor) So, when we talk about the difference
warmer bottom than at the top.
at the between a simple and a compound
(woman 1) And sometimes air currents blow fracture, this doesn't refer to the
drops of water in a cloud up higher number of breaks in a bone; instead,
into the cloud. it refers to the amount of tissue dam-
(man) Where it's colder, so the drops freeze age. How do we refer to the number
into ice Do the drops fall to the of breaks in a bone? Clair?
earth then? ( Clair) To talk about the number of breaks in
(woman 2) Usually not just after one trip up. Usu- a bone, we talk about a single, a dou-
ally the drops are not heavy enough ble, or a multiple break. A single frac-
then to fall to the earth. ture means one break, a double
(man) So the drops rise and fall a number of fracture means two breaks, and a mul-
times within the cloud. tiple fracture means more than two
(woman 1) And each time a drop rises and falls, it breaks.
adds another layer of ice. (instructor) Okay, I hope this distinction is clear,
(man) So a hailstone actually has a number that we talk about single and double
of layers of ice on it? One layer for fractures to refer to the number of
each time that it is pushed up and fractures and simple and complex
freezes again. fractures refer to how much tissue
(woman 2) Yes, and after it builds up enough lay- damage there is around the break.
ers, it gets too heavy. Now, we have just one more type of
(man) And that's when it falls to earth. fracture to discuss, and that's the
(woman 2) Exactly. greenstick fracture. Dave, can you tell
1. IN THE DISCUSSION, THE STUDENTS me who generally suffers from green-

stick fractures?
EXPLAIN THE INITIAL STAGES IN THE FOR-
(Dave) Greenstick fractures are usually found
MATION OF A HAILSTONE FROM A DROP OF
in children.
WATER. SUMMARIZE THE PROCESS BY
(instructor) That's true. And what is a greenstick
PUTTING THE STEPS IN ORDER.
fracture? Gail?
2. IN THE DISCUSSION, THE STUDENTS
EXPLAIN HOW A HAILSTONE HITS THE (Gail) A greenstick fracture means that the
bone bends and maybe it breaks part
EARTH. SUMMARIZE THE PROCESS BY
of the way, but it doesn't break all the
PUTTING THE STEPS IN ORDER.
way through. The name "greenstick"
refers to a young green plant that
Questions 3-5
might bend instead of breaking.
(narrator) Listen to a discussion in a physiology
(instructor) So, is a greenstick fracture a very seri-
class. The discussion is on types of
ous fracture? Clair?
fractures.
RECORDING SCRIPT
(Clair) No, a greenstick fracture is usually the (man 1) Scopes was a high school biology
least serious type of fracture because teacher who was charged with break-
the bone is not broken all the way ing the law because he taught evolu-
through. The compound fracture, tion in school.
where the broken bone comes (woman) And Clarence Darrow was the defense
through the skin, is the most serious attorney in this trial?
type of fracture. (man 1) Yes, he was.

(man think we have covered the informa-
HOW MANY BREAKS IN THE BONE ARE 2) I
tion we need to know about Darrow.

THERE IN EACH OF THESE FRACTURES?
HOW ARE EACH OF THESE FRACTURES We know about three of the trials in
which he served as defense attorney.
DESCRIBED?
HOW SERIOUS IS EACH OF THESE FRAC- (woman) And we also know about the strike he
helped to arbitrate.
TURES?
6. WITH WHAT EVENT WAS EACH OF THE
Questions 6-7 DEFENDANTS ASSOCIATED?
( narrator) Listen to a discussion by a group of 7. A HISTORICAL SERIES OF EVENTS IN THE
students taking a law class. The stu- LIFE OF CLARENCE DARROW IS PRESENTED
dents are discussing Clarence Darrow. IN THE DISCUSSION. PUT THE EVENTS IN
(man 1) We need know about Clarence Dar-
to
THE CORRECT CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER.
row and some of his more famous
cases. Why don't we go over this now?
EXERCISE 30, page 1 19
(woman) Okay, I know that Clarence Darrow
was a famous lawyer. What were some Questions 1-5
of his most famous cases? (narrator) Listen to a discussion by some stu-
( man 2) He was famous for Eugene Debs the dents who are taking a drama class.
case, and the Loeb-Leopold case, and They are discussing their class project
the Scopes trial. on the play Our Town.

(woman) He was also famous for his part in (Bill) We need going on our class
to get
resolving a coal strike. project for drama class. We have to
(man 1) Okay, let's go over each of these cases present a scene from one of the plays
and make sure we understand them. we're studying in class, in costume
The first one was the Eugene Debs and with props. Our performance is
case in 1895. Darrow defended Debs, in only three weeks, and that's not
who was the president of the railroad very much time for all we have to do.
workers union, after the railroad (Tina) Let's see.We've already decided on a
workers went on strike. scene. We're going to do one of the
(man 2) Wasn't the strike by the railroad work- scenes from Thornton Wilder's play
ers called the Pullman strike? Our Town.
(man 1) Yes, it was; it was named after the Pull- ( Chuck) And we know who's going to play
man, which was a type of railroad car. each part. Bill, you're going to be the
(woman) The next situation was the Pennsylva-
nia coal strike in 1902. Clarence Dar-
Stage Manager — that's a big part in
this play. Tina, you're going to play
row was asked by the president of the Emily,and I'm going to play George.
United States to arbitrate the coal
We're going to do a scene from the
strike.
part of the play that takes place before
(man 1) So this wasn't actually a trial; it was an George and Emily's wedding. I've
arbitration.
already started learning my lines.
(woman) That's true. Now, there are two other What about you two?
trials we need to know about: the (Bill) I've already started working on my
Loeb-Leopold trial and the Scopes lines.
trial.
(Tina) And I'm familiar with mine, too. I
(man 2) The Loeb-Leopold trial was in 1924. think we're ready to read through the
This was a very famous murder trial. scene together.
(woman) And Clarence Darrow was the defense Why don't we what we're
( Chuck) discuss
attorney in this trial?
going to do about costumes and props
(man 2) Exactly.
first, and then we can run through
(woman) Now, the last case we need tobe famil- the scene together.
iar with is the Scopes trial, but I don't (Tina) That sounds like a good idea.
know much about that. (Bill) I think so, too.
(man 1) The Scopes trial in 1925 also known — WHEN IS THE STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE?
as the Scopes Monkey trial was — 1.
2. WHICH OF THESE IS NOT A CHARACTER IN

about evolution, about whether
mankind evolved from monkeys. THE SCENE?
(woman) And who was Scopes?
RECORDING SCRIPT
3. IT IS MOST LIKELY THAT THE STUDENTS ARE 8. WHAT IS IRON PYRITE COMPOSED OF?
HOW FAMILIAR WITH THEIR LINES? 9. HOW DOES IRON PYRITE REACT TO HEAT?
4. WHAT IS STATED ABOUT THE SCENE? 10. HOW DOES GOLD MOST LIKELY REACT TO
5. WHAT ARE THE STUDENTS PROBABLY GOING HEAT?
TO DISCUSS NEXT? 1 1 . WHERE DID THE WORD PYRITE COME FROM?
12. WHAT CAN BE INFERRED FROM THE DISCUS-
Questions 6-12 SION ABOUT GOLD IN ANCIENT CULTURES?
(narrator) Listen to a discussion about a geology
class. The students are discussing iron Questions 13-18
pyrite. (narrator) Listen to a discussion in a history
class. The discussion is on the history
(woman 1) The next type of mineral we need to
behind the name California.
talk about is iron pyrite.
(man) Iron pyrite? Isn't that what's also (instructor) Today, we'll be talking about Califor-
called fool's gold? nia and where California got its name.
(woman 1) Yes, it is. First of all, who was it who actually
(woman 2) Why is iron pyrite called fool's gold? gave California its name? Lynn?
(man) It's called fool's gold because it can (Lynn) California was given its name by a
look something like gold, and some Spanish explorer.
people who found iron pyrite thought (instructor) And which Spanish explorer gave Cal-
they had found gold. ifornia its name? Rick?
(woman 1) So iron pyrite sort of looks like gold? (Rick) Itwas Spanish explorer Hernan
What exacdy does it look like? Cortes who gave California its name.
(man) It can be shiny golden in color, but its Cortes visited the lower part of Cali-
crystals have a different shape from fornia in the first half of the sixteenth
gold crystals. Iron pyrite crystals are century and named the area Califor-
cubical in shape, while crystals of gold nia.
are not. (instructor) How did Cortes decide on name the
(woman 2) How does iron pyrite get its shiny California} Did he just make the name
golden color if it's not made of gold? up, or did he take it from another
(woman 1) I know the answer to that. Iron pyrite source? Pam?
gets its shiny golden color from the (Pam) He got the name California from a
mix of elements in it. series of stories that were popular in
(man) Iron pyrite is made from a mix of ele- Spain at the time.
ments? (instructor) And what kind of series contained a
(woman 1) Yes, iron pyrite is a compound of iron place called California? Lynn?
and sulfur, so it's very different from (Lynn) The series was a fantasy was
serial that
gold because it's made of this com- a best-seller at the time. It was about a
pound. knight and his son who traveled the
(woman 2) And it's also quite different from gold world looking for new lands and new
in how it reacts to heat. Iron pyrite adventures. One of the places that
has a strong reaction to heat. came across in the story was an
(man) Why? What happens when iron pyrite unusual place called California.
is heated? (instructor) And what was California like in the
(woman 2) When iron pyrite is heated, it smokes best-selling stories?
and develops a strong odor. (Rick) In the stories, California was an island
(man) And gold doesn't have that kind of that was populated by Amazons.
reaction to heat? (Pam) The Amazons were all women.
(woman 1) No, it doesn't. (Lynn) And they were tall and powerful war-
(woman 1) Do you know where the name pyrite riors.
came from? (Rick) And the only metal on the island was
(man) I think I know that. It came from the gold.
Greek word for fire, didn't it? (Pam) So all the utensils and ornaments
(woman 1) Yes, it did. If you strike iron pyrite were made out of gold.
with metal, then it produces sparks. (Lynn) And the female warriors wore armor
Some ancient cultures used to use made of gold and carried weapons
iron pyrite to start fires. They couldn't made of gold.
use gold that way. (instructor) So Cortes named the place that he vis-
(man) So iron pyrite did have some use, even ited California because he thought it
if it really wasn't gold. was like the fictional place from the
fantasy series, even though he didn't
6. IN WHAT WAY IS IRON PYRITE SIMILAR TO
see any inhabitants resembling those
GOLD?
of the fictional California. He incor-
7. IMPLIED IN THE DISCUSSION THAT
IT IS
rectly assumed that it was an island,
WHAT TYPE OF PEOPLE THOUGHT IRON
like the fictional place, and I think he
PYRITE WAS GOLD?
RECORDING SCRIPT
hoped that it was also full of gold, like counterclockwise direction, which
the fictional California. means that they move in the opposite
direction from the direction that a
13. WHO GAVE THE AREA OF NORTH AMERICA clock moves.
KNOWN AS CALIFORNIA ITS NAME?
(instructor) That's a good description of Red-
14. INWHICH OF THESE YEARS WAS THE AREA
about how the winds in a
field's ideas
OF NORTH AMERICA KNOWN AS CALIFORNIA
storm behave. Now, for the most
MOST LIKELY GIVEN ITS NAME?
important question. We've already
15. HOW WAS THE NAME CALIFORNIA FIRST said that Espy's theory on how the
USED?
winds in a storm behave wasn't very
16. WHAT WAS THE FICTIONAL CALIFORNIA
accurate. What about Redfield's the-
LIKE?
ory? Was his theory accurate or inac-
17. WHAT IS NOT STATED IN THE DISCUSSION
curate? Anne?
ABOUT THE INHABITANTS OF THE FIC-
(Anne) I think that Redfield's description was
TIONAL CALIFORNIA?
quite close to what actually happens
18. WHAT CAN BE INFERRED ABOUT THE CALI-
in a storm.
FORNIA THAT CORTES VISITED?
(instructor) Exacdy.
EXERCISE 3 1 ,
page 124 1. HOW DID REDFIELD BELIEVE THAT THE
TOEFL EXERCISE 3 page
1 ,
1 25 WINDS IN STORMS BEHAVE?
Questions 1-3 2. HOW DID ESPY BELIEVE THAT THE WINDS IN
(narrator) Listen to a discussion by a group of
STORMS BEHAVE?
students in a meteorology class. The 3. WHICH OF THESE DIAGRAMS MOST CLOSELY
discussion is on theories about the
REPRESENTS WHAT WINDS ACTUALLY DO
behavior of storms. DURING A STORM?
(instructor) We have just one more topic to cover Questions 4—6
before we finish for today. I'd like to Listen to agroup of students dis-
( narrator)
look at some early theories about how cussing information from a zoology
storms develop. The two men I'd like class. The discussion is on the opos-
to discuss are William Redfield and sum.
James Espy. Redfield and Espy were
two American meteorologists from (man 1) The next animal we need to discuss is
the opossum. The opossum is another
the nineteenth century, and they had
differing theories on how storms
kind of marsupial.
behave. Espy argues that centripetal
(woman) A marsupial? What's a marsupial?
force was at work in storms. Can any- (man 2) A marsupial is an animal that carries
its young in a pouch.
one explain what direction these
winds would be moving if centripetal (woman) Oh, like a kangaroo.
force were involved? Anne?
(man 2) Exacdy.
(Anne) Centripetal force would cause winds

(woman) And how long do young opossums
stay in their mother's pouch?
to be moving inward from all direc-
tions toward the center of the storm.
(man 1) For about two months. Then, when
not what the babies are about two months old,
But that's really happens, is
they come out of their mother's
it?
(instructor) No, Espy's theory was that centripetal pouch, but they don't go very far. For
the next few months, they go every-
force pushed the winds of a storm
inward toward the center from all where with their mother
directions. Espy's theory has not
(man 2) They just ride along on their mother's
back.
proven to be very accurate. Now, who
was involved in a debate with Espy in (woman) So young opossums spend the first
the nineteenth century? Lee?
two months in their mother's pouch
(Lee) Redfield was the other meteorologist. and the next two months hanging on
Did he agree or disagree with Espy? her back?
(instructor) Redfield disagreed with Espy. Redfield (man 1) That's right. Now, aren't opossums
argued that the winds in a storm animals that play dead?

rotated around the center of the (man 2) Yes, they are.
storm in a counterclockwise direction. (woman) And that's why we talk about playing
Can you explain Redfield's ideas to 'possum if we're talking about pre-
me? Chris? tending that we're asleep or dead.
(Chris) Redfield believed that the winds in a (man 2) Exacdy.
storm rotated around the center of (man 1) So when an opossum is frightened by

the storm, so the winds would be mov- an attacker, it doesn't run away?
(man 2) That's right. It just rolls over on its
ing in a circular path. And he
back, kind of curls up, and pretends
believed that the winds move in a
that it's dead.
RECORDING SCRIPT
(woman) I guess it's just hoping that the TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 29-3 1),
attacker will thinkit's dead and will go page 128
away and leave it alone. Questions 1-5
4. WHERE WOULD A ONE-MONTH-OLD BABY (narrator) Listen to a discussion in an American
OPOSSUM MOST LIKELY BE FOUND? history class. The discussion is about
5. WHERE WOULD A THREE-MONTH-OLD an early American coin.
OPOSSUM MOST LIKELY BE WHILE ITS (instructor) Today we're going to talk about a coin
MOTHER IS WALKING AROUND? from early in the history of the United
6. WHAT DOES AN OPOSSUM DO WHEN IT IS States. It was the first coin issued by
THREATENED? the United States government, and it
was issued in 1787. This coin was

Questions 7-9
known by two names: it was known as
(narrator) Listen to a discussion from an Ameri-
both the Fugio coin and the Franklin
can history class. The discussion is on coin. First of all, can you tell me why it
Chimney Rock.
was called the Fugio coin? Laura?
(instructor) What I want to discuss next is Chim- (Laura) It was called the Fugio coin because it
ney Rock. What can you tell me about had the word fugio on the front of the
Chimney Rock? coin. Fugio is a Latin word which
(woman 1) Chimney Rock was one of the major means "I fly."
landmarks for pioneers traveling west (instructor) And this coin was also called the
in the nineteenth century. Franklin coin. Why was it called the
(man) It was on the Oregon Trail. Pioneers Franklin coin? Was Benjamin Franklin
on the Oregon Trail would stop at on it?
Chimney Rock because it was close to (Doug) No, it was called the Franklin coin
the Platte River. It was a good place to because Franklin was given credit for
stop because of the water supply. the wording on the coin.
(instructor) And what does Chimney Rock look (instructor) Now, let's look at the front of the
like? coin. Can you describe the front of it
(woman 2) Chimney Rock is a giant spire of sand- forme? Sarah?
stone on top of a large mound. (Sarah) The front of the coin has a sundial in
(woman 1) It kind of looks like a large candle on the middle with a sun shining down
top of a birthday cake. on the sundial.
(man) A very large candle; it's 500 feet high. (instructor) Yes,both a sun and a sundial are
(instructor) And where Chimney Rock located?
is there.And what else? Laura?
(woman 2) As we said before, it's on the Oregon (Laura) There's a date along one side and the
Trail close to the Platte River; it's just word fugio along the other side. And
south of the Platte River, actually. then there's some wording at the bot-
(woman 1) And it's on the Great Plains, so the tom.
area around it is flat. That's one rea- (instructor) And what words are along the bot-
son why it is so noticeable. tom?
(man) But it's not in the middle of the Great (Doug) The wording along the bottom is
Plains. It's close to where the Great Mind your business. The coin is called
Plains run into the Rocky Mountains. the Franklin coin because Franklin is
(instructor) And what did it mean to the pioneers given credit for this wording.
when they saw Chimney Rock? (instructor) Now let me describe the back of the
(woman 2) When the pioneers saw Chimney coin for you because we don't have a
Rock, it meant that they had almost photograph of the back of the coin.
finished the long trip across the On the back of the coin, there's a
prairie. large circle made up of thirteen
(woman 1) It also meant were almost at
that they linked circles, and in the middle of
the next stage of their trip, the Rocky the circle are the words We are one.
Mountains. (Sarah) So there are thirteen circles linked
into one circle on the back?
7. WHICH OF THESE MOST CLOSELY RESEM-
(instructor) Yes, and do you understand the sym-
BLES CHIMNEY ROCK?
bolism of the thirteen circles linked
8. WHERE IS CHIMNEY ROCK LOCATED IN
RELATION TO THE PLATTE RIVER? on the back of the coin?
(Laura) I think so, particularly with the words
9. WHERE IS CHIMNEY ROCK LOCATED IN
RELATION TO THE GREAT PLAINS AND THE We are one. This design on the back of
the coin symbolizes the thirteen origi-
ROCKY MOUNTAINS?
nal colonies linked into one country.
(Doug) That's a very appropriate idea for the
first coin issued by the United States
after the country won its indepen-
dence.
RECORDING SCRIPT
1. BY WHAT TWO NAMES IS THIS COIN KNOWN? facecloths. It used famous actresses in
2. WHEN WAS THIS COIN FIRST ISSUED? itsmarketing, and women who
3. FOR WHICH PART OF THE COIN WAS wanted to be glamorous like the
FRANKLIN GIVEN CREDIT? celebrities used Kleenex in place of
4. WHAT DO THE CIRCLES ON THE BACK OF facecloths.
THE COIN LOOK LIKE? (woman) Now, on While
to the third phase.
5. WHAT WORDS ARE ON THE BACK OF THE Kimberly-Clark was marketing
COIN? Kleenex only for use as a facecloth, a
number of people began writing in to
Questions 6-10 the company saying that there was
(narrator) Listen to a group of students dis- another use for Kleenex besides its
cussing a presentation for a business use as a facecloth: Kleenex was even
class. The discussion is on the market- more useful as a replacement for
ing of Kleenex. handkerchiefs. In 1930, the com-
pany's marketing department decided
(man 1) Our presentation for marketing class
to conduct consumer testing to deter-
is in a few days. Let's see what infor-
mine if the product should be pre-
mation we have come up with.
sented as a facecloth or as a
(woman) Okay. Our topic for the presentation
handkerchief. The results of the con-
is the marketing of Kleenex early in
sumer testing showed that a large
its We're supposed to show
history.
how the early marketing of Kleenex majority thought Kleenex was more
useful as a handkerchief than as a
helped to turn it into such a success-
facecloth.
ful product.
(man 2) There seem be three clear phases
to 6. WHAT ARE THE STUDENTS DOING?
in the early history of Kleenex. First, 7. MATCH THE USE OF THE PRODUCT TO THE
its use during World War I, second its PERIOD OF TIME WHEN THAT USE PREDOMI-
use as a substitute for facecloths dur- NATED.
ing the 1920s, and third, its use as a 8. WHAT WAS THE SITUATION AT KIMBERLY-
substitute for handkerchiefs during CLARK AT THE END OF WORLD WAR I?
the 1930s. For the presentation, how 9. HOW DID KIMBERLY-CLARK LEARN THAT ITS
about about the first phase,
if I talk PRODUCT HAD A USE AS A HANDKERCHIEF?
the use of Kleenex during World War 10. MATCH THE USE OF THE PRODUCT TO THE
I. MARKETING STRATEGY ASSOCIATED WITH
(man 1) And I'll talk about the second phase, THAT USE.
its use as a substitute for facecloths.
(woman) And that leaves me with the third Questions 11-15
phase, the use of Kleenex as a substi- (narrator) Listen to a discussion by a group of
tute for handkerchiefs. students in an oceanography class.
(man 2) Now, don't forget that we're supposed The discussion is on atolls.
to focus on the marketing of the prod-

(instructor) In this course, we have discussed a
uct during each of the phases, not just
number of the ocean's unusual fea-
the history.
tures. Today, we're going to discuss
(man 1) Okay, why don't we review the key
atollsand how they're formed. First,
points for each of these phases now,
can you tell me what an atoll is? Beth?
with an emphasis on the marketing of
(Beth) An atoll is a ring-shaped mass of coral
the product during each phase.
and algae.
(woman) Sounds like a good idea to me.
(instructor) An atoll is made of coral
That's right.
(man 2) So, I'll go first. The first phase of the
and algae. And where are atolls
product was its use during World War
found? Jim?
I. Cotton was in short supply during
(Jim) Atolls are found in tropical and sub-
the war, so the Kimberley-Clark com-
tropical areas of the ocean, where the
pany developed Kleenex for use in
water temperature is fairly warm. The
bandages and gas masks. During this
coral and reef-building algae grow
first phase, the company did not need
best in fairly warm water.
to worry about marketing the prod-
(instructor) Now, look at how atolls are
let's
uct. Because it was during a war, there
formed. We'll look at a series of three
was very high demand for the prod-
diagrams and discuss what is happen-
uct.
ing in each. This diagram shows the
(man 1) Now, for the second phase. After the
first step in the process. What does
war, the company had a huge surplus
the diagram show? Linda?
of Kleenex, and it had to market the
(Linda) This diagram shows a new volcanic
product. During the 1920s, Kimberly-
island that has formed.
Clark decided to market Kleenex as a
(instructor) And what's growing around the vol-
high-end and glamorous substitute for
canic island?
—
RECORDING SCRIPT
(Linda) A coral reef is growing around this The first lake I'm going to discuss is
new volcanic island. the Caspian Sea, which is the largest

(instructor) Now let's look at the second diagram. inland body of water in the world.
Beth, can you describe what's happen- The Caspian Sea is a saltwater lake
ing in this diagram? between Europe and Asia. It's
(Beth) The second diagram shows that the believed that this lake was originally
volcanic island has started to erode connected to the world's oceans,
it's worn down. which would account for its saltwater
(instructor) And what's happened with the coral content. As the earth's plates moved,
reef while the volcanic island has this arm of the ocean was cut off.
eroded?
The next lake I'm going to discuss is
(Beth) The coral reef has continued to grow.
Lake Superior, which is one of the
(instructor) Now let's look at the third diagram in
Great Lakes in North America and is
the series. What's happening in this
the largest freshwater lake in the
diagram? Jim?
world. Lake Superior, along with the
(Jim) In this diagram, you can see that the
other Great Lakes, was formed by
volcanic island has worn down so far
glaciers. Glaciers covered the north-
that it's below the of the ocean.
level
ern part of North America until
The coral has built up even further, so
10,000 years ago and were responsible
the coral above the water, and the
is
for carving out the Great Lakes,
remains of the volcano are under
including Lake Superior.
water.
(instructor) Yes, and it's at this stagewhen the ring The third lake I'm going to discuss is
of coral is called an atoll. The volcano Lake Baikal, which is in Russia. Lake
has sunk, and there's a pool of water Baikal formed when the earth's crust
inside the atoll. Now, what do we call broke apart at a fault. Because Lake
the pool of water that remains inside Baikal formed over a split in the
an Linda?
atoll? earth's crust, it is a very deep lake, the
(Linda) The pool of water inside the atoll is deepest lake in the world. Lake Baikal
called a lagoon. is so deep that, even though its sur-
(instructor) That's correct. The body of water face area is much smaller than the
inside an atoll is called a lagoon. You surface area of Lake Superior, it could
seem to understand quite clearly how hold the water of all the Great Lakes
atolls result when coral reefs around combined.
volcanic islands continue to grow as 1. HOW ARE EACH OF THESE LAKES DESCRIBED
the volcanic islands themselves dimin- INTHE LECTURE?
ish. That's all for today. I'll see you 2. HOW WAS EACH OF THESE LAKES FORMED?
next class.
11. WHAT IS AN ATOLL MADE OF? Questions 3-5

12. WHICH OF THESE IS AN ATOLL? (narrator) Listen to a lecture in an archeology
13. WHERE DO ATOLLS TEND TO GROW? class. The professor is talking about
14. IN THE DISCUSSION, THE PROCESS OF THE the formation of fossils.

FORMATION OF ATOLLS IS DISCUSSED. SUM- (professor) Fossils are generally considered to be
MARIZE THE PROCESS BY PUTTING THE the remains of plants and animals that
STEPS IN ORDER. have turned to stone. There are a
15. WHERE IS THE LAGOON? number of processes by which a living
organism can be converted to a fossil,
but each of the known processes gen-
ACADEMIC LECTURES (Computer) erally have a number of characteristics
in common.
After an animal dies, its soft tissues
break down. After the have
soft tissues
Questions 1-2 decomposed, only the hard parts of
(narrator) Listen to a lecture in a geography the body, such as the bones and teeth,
class. The professor is talking about remain.
lakes.
Over a long period of time, the hard
(professor) Today, we're going to look at three of tissue becomes buried under layers of
the world's largest lakes, the Caspian sediment. As more layers of sediment
Sea, Lake Superior, and Lake Baikal. cover the hard tissue, it becomes
Each of these lakes was formed in a buried more and more deeply.
different way, and these three lakes
clearly demonstrate the three major
When the bones are buried deep in
the earth, they come into contact with
ways that a lake can form.
ground water, and a change begins to
RECORDING SCRIPT
occur. Minerals from the ground because it comes from a later press-
water seep into the bones and, over ing.
long periods of time, the minerals
Now, we'll talk about pure olive oil.
eventually replace the bones. This is
Some olive oil is called pure olive oil
the actual step when fossilization
rather than virgin oil or cold-pressed
occurs, when minerals from the
olive oil. If an olive oil is called pure
ground water have replaced the actual
olive oil, this means that it contains
hard tissue from the original body.
only olive oil, but it was not obtained
The buried fossilized remains, which through a cold-press process. A prod-
are buried deep within the earth, may uct called pure olive oil has often
then make their way back to the sur- been obtained from a heat process,
face. As the earth moves, the remains which has an effect on the color and
are pushed around. If they get closer taste of the oil.
to the surface, they may either actu- The final type of olive oil I'd like to
allyreach the surface, where they can
mention briefly is light olive oil. When
been seen, or get near enough to the
the label of a bottle of olive oil says
surface, where they can be dug out.
that it is light olive oil, this probably
INTHE LECTURE, THE PROFESSOR means that the oil in the bottle not is
DESCRIBES HOW THE PROCESS OF FOS- pure olive oil. Some other type of oil
SILIZATION GETS STARTED. SUMMARIZE THE has been added to the olive oil to
PROCESS BY PUTTING THE STEPS IN ORDER. lighten the taste.

IN THE LECTURE, THE PROFESSOR EXPLAINS INTHE LECTURE, THE PROFESSOR
6.
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BURIED BONES. DESCRIBES THE COLD-PRESS PROCESS. SUM-
SUMMARIZE THE PROCESS BY PUTTING THE MARIZE THE PROCESS BY PUTTING THE
STEPS IN ORDER. STEPS IN ORDER.
5. INTHE LECTURE, THE PROFESSOR EXPLAINS 7. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT GRADES OF
WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THE HARD TISSUE OLrVE OIL?
HAS FOSSILIZED UNDERGROUND. SUMMA- 8. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF OIL
RIZE THE PROCESS BY PUTTING THE STEPS
PRODUCED BY THE COLD-PRESS PROCESS?
IN ORDER.
Questions 6—8
(narrator) Listen to a lecture in a nutrition class.
Questions 1-8
The professor is talking about olive
(narrator) Listen to a lecture in a botany class.
oil.
The professor is talking about
(professor) Today, I'll be talking about various conifers.
types of olive oil and the processes by
which they are produced. Olive oil (professor) Today, be talking about conifers,
I'll
can be produced by a cold process or which are the type of trees, such as
pines, that have cones instead of col-
by a heated process; the highest qual-
ity oils are produced by the cold-press
orful flowers. About a third of the
world's trees are conifers, and the vast
process.
majority of conifers are found in the
Let me explain the cold-press process. great conifer forests of North America
Olive oil can be made without heat by and Siberia.
pressing very ripe olives. Because no
heat used in this process, the color
is
Both the oldest and the biggest trees
in the world belong to the conifer
and taste of the olive oil is not
affected. What results from this first
family. The oldest known living tree is
pressing of the olives is called virgin a four-thousand-year-old bristlecone

pine, which is located in California.
olive oil. You may also have heard of
extra virgin olive oil. Like virgin olive The giant redwoods, which are also
oil, extra virgin olive oil is from the found in California, are the largest
trees; they can be several hundred
first cold pressing. Extra virgin olive
oil is made from special olives with a
feet tall and weigh as much as 2,000
low acid content. Thus, extra virgin tons. An interesting note about the
giant redwoods even though
is that,
olive oil has a lower acid level than vir-
the trees are so large, they have rela-
gin oil, but they both come from the
tively small cones.
first cold pressing of the olives.
After the olives have been pressed

What is true of most, but not all,
conifers is that they are evergreens

once, they are pressed again, numer-
ous times. Olive oil that comes from a with needle-like leaves. The needle-
later pressing is called cold-pressed

like shape to tree leaves evolved as a
olive oil; it is not called virgin olive oil

reaction to drought. When compared
RECORDING SCRIPT
with a flat leaf, a needle presents a action a teacher wanted to take could
much smaller surface area, which be regulated. Teachers could be for-
decreases the amount of water lost bidden to smoke or to drink; they
through the leaves. Because most were also sometimes forbidden to
conifers are evergreens, they lose and spend time with men or to marry if
replace their needles throughout the they wanted to remain teachers.
year, rather than shedding all their
9. WHO IS LISTENING TO THIS LECTURE?
leaves in one season, as deciduous
10. THE RULES DISCUSSED IN THIS LECTURE
trees do.
RELATE TO WHAT PERIOD OF TIME?
1 . WHAT IS TRUE ABOUT ALL CONIFERS? 11. IT IS IMPLIED IN THE LECTURE THAT THE
2. WHAT PERCENT OF THE WORLD'S TREES TEACHERS DISCUSSED IN THE LECTURE HAD
ARE CONIFERS? WHAT KIND OF LIFESTYLE?
3. IT IS IMPLIED IN THE LECTURE THAT MOST 12. WHAT RULES ABOUT CLOTHING ARE DIS-
CONIFERS ARE FOUND IN WHICH HEMI- CUSSED IN THE LECTURE?
SPHERE? 13. WHERE WOULD A TEACHER FROM THE ERA
4. WHAT IS TRUE ABOUT THE BIGGEST AND DISCUSSED IN THE LECTURE MOST LIKELY
OLDEST TREES? BE AT 9:00 IN THE EVENING?
5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST LIKELY 14. WHERE WERE THE TEACHERS IN THE LEC-
A GIANT REDWOOD? TURE FORBIDDEN TO GO?
6. WHAT CAN BE INFERRED FROM THE LEC-
TURE? Questions 15-22
7. WHY DID NEEDLE-SHAPED LEAVES EVOLVE? (narrator) Listen to a lecture in an astronomy
8. WHAT CAN BE DETERMINED FROM THE LEC- class. The professor is talking about
TURE ABOUT DIFFERENT TYPES OF TREES? Venus.
(professor) Today, we'll be discussing the planet

Questions 9-14
Venus, which is the second planet in
(narrator) Listen to a lecture in an education
our solar system and is almost the
class. The professor is talking about
same size as our Earth, which is the
early teachers.
fifth largest planet in the solar system.
(professor) All of you are enrolled in this intro-
The planet Venus is easily visible in
ductory education course because you
the sky from Earth, although not
want to become teachers. I'd like to
always as a complete globe. It goes
introduce this course with a little
through phases, just like the Moon.
information about the life of a
Sometimes it's fully visible, like a full
teacher a century ago. I hope you'll
moon, sometimes it's half visible, and
appreciate how much the life of a
sometimes it is only a small crescent.
teacher has changed over the past
It's actually at its brightest when it's a
century.
crescent.
Early in the twentieth century, the life
Venus is a very hot planet. The tem-
of a teacher was quite different from
perature there can reach almost to
what it is now. There were very strict
500 degrees centigrade, or 900
rules thatgoverned every aspect of
degrees Fahrenheit. It's so hot on
the teacher's life. The rules were not
Venus for two primary reasons: first,
just about how a teacher could con-
it's hot because of its closeness to the
duct herself in the classroom and on
Sun, and second, it's hot because of
the school grounds. There were also
its atmosphere. Its atmosphere is
numerous rules that governed just
almost entirely carbon dioxide, which
about everything a teacher did.
holds in the heat from the Sun
Here are some of the rules. Teachers extremely well.
had to follow strict rules about their
Venus is also well-known for the
appearance; they were sometimes told
clouds that cover As you know,
it.
not to wear colorful clothing, not to
Venus is visible to us on Earth, but it's
dye their hair or wear it loose, and not
not actually the planet that we see; it's
to wear their skirts above the ankle.
the clouds. The surface of Venus can't
Teachers' whereabouts during after-
be seen, even with a telescope,
school hours were also strictly regu-
because of the clouds that surround
lated; there were rules forbidding
x teachers the planet. The clouds on Venus are
to go to bars and to ice
very different from the clouds on
cream were rules
parlors, there
Earth. Earth's clouds are made of
requiring teachers to be at home after
water vapor, but on Venus there is no
8:00 in the evening, and there were
water. The clouds on Venus are actu-
rules forbidding them to leave town
ally made of sulfuric acid. These
without permission. Just about any
clouds help to contribute to the
brightness of Venus in our sky. When 3. HOW DOES THE PROFESSOR DESCRIBE THE
Venus appears to shine so brightly, it's STOCKADE SURROUNDING AN IROQUOIS
because the light of the sun is reflect- VILLAGE?
ing off of Venus's clouds of sulfuric
acid. Questions 4-6
(narrator) Listen to a lecture in a biology class.
15. ITCAN BE INFERRED FROM THE LECTURE
The lecture on tropism in plants.
THAT VENUS IS HOW LARGE IN RELATION is
TO THE OTHER PLANETS IN OUR SOLAR SYS- (professor) Today, I'll be talking about the con-
TEM? cept of tropism as it relates to plants.
16. HOW DOES VENUS COMPARE WITH THE Tropism, for those of you who don't
MOON? know, refers to a bending of a plant or
17. WHAT CAN BE INFERRED ABOUT VENUS a part of a plant, in response to an
WHEN IT IS IN A FULL PHASE? outside stimulus.
18. WHAT ARE THE HIGHEST TEMPERATURES There are three important kinds of
ON VENUS? tropism. They are phototropism, geo-
19. WHY IS IT HOT ON VENUS? tropism, and hydrotropism. In each of
20. WHAT IS IMPLIED IN THE LECTURE ABOUT these kinds of tropism, a plant, or a
THE CLOUDS THAT SURROUND VENUS? part of the plant, bends in response to
21. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE TRUE, a different kind of outside stimulus.
ACCORDING TO THE LECTURE?
22. WHY IS VENUS SO BRIGHT? First, we'll discuss phototropism. The
outside stimulus in phototropism is
EXERCISE 34, 155 light. When a plant is affected by pho-

TOEFL EXERCISE 34, page 156 totropism, it grows in the direction of
a light source such as the Sun.
Questions 1-3
(narrator) Listen to a lecture in a course on The second kind of tropism is geotro-
Native American studies. The lecture pism. In geotropism, the outside stim-
is on Iroquois houses. ulus is gravity. In a plant affected by
geotropism, the affected part of the
(professor) Iroquois houses were very sophisti-
plant grows directly downward
cated buildings known as long houses.
because of the pull of gravity. When a
These houses were long, single-story
plant is affected by geotropism, it's
houses with U-shaped roofs. They
often the root structure that's
were windowless, but they did have
affected.
some vents in the roof.
The finalkind of tropism that I'll dis-
There was a doorway at the end of a
cuss today is hydrotropism. When
longhouse, and above the doorway
hydrotropism affects a plant, this
was a carving of an animal. This
means that the plant is drawn toward
carved animal just above the doorway
water. A plant under the effect of
indicated the clan, or family, that the
hydrotropism will grow in the direc-
group living insidebelonged to. The
tion of its water source.
insignia above the doorway might be
a turtle if the inhabitants were part of 4. WHICH OF THESE PLANTS IS EXHIBITING
the clan of the turtle, or it might be a PHOTOTROPISM?
bear if the inhabitants were a part of 5. WHICH OF THESE ROOT SYSTEMS IS
the clan of the bear. EXHIBITING GEOTROPISM?
6. WHAT IS THE STIMULUS FOR HYDROTRO-
An Iroquois village consisted of a
PISM?
number of these longhouses. Around
an Iroquois village, there was usually a
Questions 7-10
stockade, which is a defensive wall or
(narrator) Listen to a lecture in an archeology
barrier made of wooden posts. The
class. The lecture is on some archeo-
stockade around an Iroquois village
logical finds at Little Salt Spring.
was typically hexagonal in shape,
which means that it was six-sided. It (professor) Little Salt Spring in Florida has pro-
had vertical wood around the
posts vided some very important archeolog-
outside of the stockade, and these ical finds. Little Salt Spring was once
posts had sharpened ends pointing believed to be just a shallow lake, but
upward for further protection. then a deep sinkhole with almost ver-
tical sides was discovered beneath the
1. HOW DOES THE PROFESSOR DESCRIBE AN lake. Twelve thousand years ago, the
IROQUOIS HOUSE?
water level was much lower, down to
2. WHAT PART OF THE HOUSE INDICATES the level of the sinkhole, and the sink-
WHAT CLAN THE INHABITANTS BELONG TO? hole provided drinking water for
humans and animals. In the sinkhole,
RECORDING SCRIPT
archeologists have discovered a num- sion Memorial. It's a memorial

ber of items that give clues to the because it was built in memory of the
lifestyle of the inhabitants around the expansion of the nation beyond St.
sinkhole 12,000 years ago. Louis. It's named after Jefferson
because it was under the presidency
I'd like to talk about two of the impor-
of Thomas Jefferson that the greatest
tant archeological discoveries from
expansion of the country took place.
the sinkhole. One was a weapon, and
the other was an animal trap. These In 1804, several years after the start of
discoveries provide insight into the Jefferson's presidency, Lewis and
type of hunter society that lived Clark set out from St. Louis to explore
around the sinkhole. new territories to the west. Their
expedition was a 4,000-mile trip from
The weapon that was found was a
St. Louis to the Pacific Northwest and
boomerang, which is a very ancient
type of weapon. The boomerang was
back that lasted a little more than two
years. In the years following the expe-
found deep in the sinkhole. It was on
dition of Lewis and Clark, thousands
a ledge in the vertical side of the sink-
of pioneers set off from St. Louis and
hole. The boomerang that was found
headed west.
in Little Salt Spring is the world's old-
est known boomerang. In was to honor
period of expan-
this
sion that the arch was constructed.
The second discovery was an animal
trap that consisted of wooden stakes
The arch itself was
designed to repre-
sent a gateway, or a doorway, to the
dug into the earth at the edge of the
west. At the base of the arch there's a
sinkhole. This animal trap was at the
subterranean museum. This museum
top of the sinkhole, where the sink-
is named the Museum of Westward
hole meets the lake. In ancient times,
Expansion because it honors all the
when the water level was down at the
pioneers who headed west from St.
level of the sinkhole, animals would
Louis. In the middle of the museum is
come to the sinkhole to drink. The
a statue of the president who was
inhabitants of the area had built a
responsible for much of this expan-
trap at the top of the sinkhole to trap
animals that came there to drink.
sion, Thomas Jefferson.
7. WHAT TYPE OF WEAPON WAS FOUND AT THE 1. WHAT DOES THE PROFESSOR SAY ABOUT
SINKHOLE? THE ARCH?
8. WHERE WAS THE WEAPON FOUND? 2. WHERE ARE EACH OF THESE FEATURES OF
9. WHERE WAS THE WATER LEVEL 12,000 YEARS THE ARCH LOCATED?
AGO? 3. WHY IS THE ARCH NAMED AFTER JEFFER-
10. WHERE WAS THE TRAP FOUND? SON?
4. THE LECTURE THAT IT IS
IT IS IMPLIED IN
APPROXIMATELYWHAT DISTANCE BETWEEN
page 159 ST. LOUIS AND THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST?
5. THE PROFESSOR EXPLAINS A HISTORICAL
Questions 1-5
SERIES OF EVENTS. PUT THE EVENTS IN
(narrator) Listen to a lecture in an American his-
ORDER.
tory class. The lecture is on the St.
Louis Arch. Questions 6-10
(professor) Today, we'll be looking at a structure (narrator) Listen to a lecture in a geology class.
that is popularly called the St. Louis The lecture is on the structure of the
Arch. We'll be looking at how it was earth.
constructed and, more importantly, Today, I'm going to give you a brief
(professor)
why it was constructed and what it
overview of the structure of the earth.
commemorates. The earth is made up of a number of
In this photo you can see the 630-foot layers. From the outside to the inside,
high stainless steel arch. It's remark- the main layers are the crust, the man-
able for its engineering; it has no tle, and the core.
inner form; instead it is dependent on Let's look at a diagram of the earth's
its two hollow legs for support. There
main layers. The crust is the thin
are"trams inside the legs to take visi-
outer layer, then there is the mantle,
tors to an observatory at the top of
and which is
finally there's the core,
the arch.
divided into the outer core and the
Most people call it Louis Arch
the St. inner core.
because it is in St. Louis, but its real First, let's talk about the crust. The
name is the Jefferson National Expan- crust is a thin, hard layer of rock. As
RECORDING SCRIPT
you can see in the diagram, the crust these early alphabets, from early
is quite thin. The crust is about 20 Semitic,from Phoenician, and from
miles thick under land masses. Under early Greek. These letters were the
the oceans, the crust is even thinner. predecessors of the letter c. They were
The crust is only about 4 miles thick each the third letter in their respec-
under the oceans. tive and they were all
alphabets,
formed with a shorter and a longer
Now, about the mantle. The
let's talk
line meeting at a sharp angle. In each
mantle makes up the greatest part of
of these languages, the letter was pro-
the earth. The mantle is about 1,800
nounced with a hard g sound, as in go
miles deep. It's made of stony materi-
or get. This letter did not have an s or
als that were created from silicate
k sound.
minerals. The mande is a huge mass
of stony material. As languages developed, this early c
was used for both the g sound as in go
Now, we'll look at the core, which
and get and the k sound as in kite or
actually has two distinct parts, the
kid. The angular letter seen here from
outer core and the inner core. Nei-
early Latin had two sounds, a k sound
ther the outer core nor the inner core
and a g sound. By the classical Latin
is as wide as the mande; the outer
period, these two sounds were differ-
core is than 1,400 miles wide, and
less
entiated. The early Latin angular let-
the inner core has a radius of 800
ter was rounded to create the letter c
miles. The outer core is a layer of liq-
of today; this letter was pronounced
uid metal; it definitely has liquid
nickel and iron, and it may have other
with a k sound. A new letter was cre-
ated by adding a line to the c. This
substances. The outer core is the only
new letter had a g sound. Thus, in
liquid layer. The inner core is com-
cwas pro-
classical Latin, the letter
posed of nickel and iron, as the outer
nounced only with a k sound.
core is, but the inner core is not a liq-
uid layer like the outer core. It is The change was the addition of
final
extremely hot at the inner core, but the 5 sound to the letter c. This hap-
there's also an extreme amount of pened because of the French influ-
pressure on the minerals in the inner ence on English. There was a major
core that keeps them firm rather than influence of French on the English
liquid. language with the victory of the Nor-
mans over the Saxons in Britain in
That is all for our overview of the vari-
1066. Because of this French influ-
ous layers that make up the earth.
ence, the letter c took on the s sound
We'll be having a quiz on the material
in addition to the k sound that it
next class, so be prepared.
already had.
6. HOW THICK IS THE CRUST? Let's look at this chart of the pronun-
7. WHAT ARE EACH OF THE LAYERS COMPOSED
ciation of the letter c. At this point in
OF?
the English language, the letter chas
8. WHICH LAYER IS 1,800 MILES WIDE?
a k sound when it precedes the vowels
9. WHAT MINERALS ARE IN THE CORE?
a, o, u, or a consonant such as The
10. APPROXIMATELY HOW FAR IS IT FROM THE I.
letter c generally has an s sound in

SURFACE OF THE EARTH TO ITS CENTER?
front of the vowels e, i, and y.
Questions 11-16 To summarize, there were four stages

(narrator) Listen to a lecture in a linguistics in the development of the pronuncia-
class. The professor is talking about tion of the third letter of the alpha-
the history of the letter c. bet. In the beginning, the third letter
of the alphabet was pronounced with
(professor) The letter c in today's English has two
a g sound. Then, in early Latin, the
very different pronunciations. It can
third letter had two sounds, gznd k.
be pronounced like a k, as in the
In later Latin, a new letter was created
words car, can, or coal. It can also be
pronounced like an s, as in the words
for the g sound, and the letter c had
only a k sound. Finally, because of the
cent, circle, or cease. Let's look at the
French influence on English, the let-
history and development of the letter
ter c also took on an s sound.
c to understand how these two very
different pronunciations for one let- 11. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING LETTERS WAS
ter came to be. NOT A PREDECESSOR OF THE LETTER C?
Precursors of the letter c existed as
12. HOW WAS THE THIRD LETTER OF THE
the third letter of a number of early
ALPHABET PRONOUNCED IN PHOENICIAN
alphabets. Look at the letters from
AND EARLY GREEK?
RECORDING SCRIPT
13. IN WHICH LANGUAGE WAS THE LETTER G 11. (woman) Are you really hungry?
CREATED? (man) I feel like I haven't eaten in weeks.
14. THE LETTER C TOOK ON AN S SOUND (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
BECAUSE OF AN INFLUENCE FROM WHICH 12. (man) The traffic outside is really loud!
LANGUAGE? (woman) I'll say!
15. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
WORDS BEGIN WITH AN S SOUND?
16. THE PROFESSOR DISCUSSES STAGES IN THE 13. (man) Have you seen the headlines yet
HISTORY OF THE THIRD LETTER OF THE today?

ALPHABET. PUT THE FOLLOWING HISTORI- (woman) I haven't had a chance to read a word.
CAL STAGES IN ORDER. (narrator) WHAT ARE THEY PROBABLY DIS-
CUSSING?
14. (man) I'm not ready yet, and it's going to
LISTENING POST-TEST (Paper) take me a while longer.
(woman) You'd better hurry. Take five minutes
Part A, page 165 too long, and you'll miss the bus.
1. (woman) Are the exams corrected yet? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
(man) No, but they'll be corrected by noon. 15. (woman) I think it's impossible for me to pass
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? this class.
2. (woman) Has Martha's visa arrived yet? (man) You should never say "impossible."
(man) I think it arrived last month.

(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 16. (man) Why were you thanking Tom?
3. (man) What did the professor do in the first
(woman) He lent me enough money to pay the
rent.
class? missed it because I was late.
I
(woman) She outlined the course require- ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
ments. 17. (woman) Are you enjoying the dessert?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (man) Never have I tasted such delicious
cake!
4. (woman) How did Chuck look when you visited
him in the hospital?
(man) He's looked better.
THE CAKE?
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 18. (man) Why are you so late getting here?
5. (man) How much was tuition increased for
(woman) Oh, I ran into my cousin Carl, and we
next month? stayed and talked for a while.
(woman) More than I can afford. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? 19. (woman) Do you know where Debbie is?
6. (woman) How were the grades on the history (man) Her purse is still here, so she must still
exam. be in the apartment.

(man) No one got above a C. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? DEBBIE?
7. (woman) You know, this is the second time this 20. (man) Do you know when rent is due?
week that you've been late to class! (woman) The landlord collects it on the first of
the month, without fail.
(man) Itwas impossible to find a place to
park before the ten o'clock class! ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 21. (woman) My car is making some funny noises.
8. (man) Can help you find something?
I
(man) Why not take it to a mechanic?
(woman) Yes, thank you. I need to get a new
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SUGGEST
rug.
TO THE WOMAN?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? 22. (man) Martha's holding down two jobs at the
9. (woman) I'd like to open an account.

same time.
(man) Would you like a savings account or (woman) She'd better take it easy.
an interest-bearing checking account? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?

( narrator) WHERE DOES THIS CONVERSA- 23. (woman) Did you get to the airport in plenty of
TION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE? time?
10. (woman) Why does Jane spend so much time in

(man) There was scarcely enough time to get
there.
San Francisco?
(man) She has a cousin there, so she likes to (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN IMPLY?
visit, especially during the holidays. 24. (woman) You should put some money in the
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? parking meter.
(man) Parking fees aren't necessary on the
weekend, are they?
25. (man) How is your boss feeling about his on Sunday, that doesn't leave much
retirement? time for studying.
(woman) Oh, he isn't too unhappy to be retir- (man) Oh, well. Maybe I can do that the
ing. weekend after this one.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN IMPLY 31. WHAT IS THE WOMAN PLANNING TO DO SAT-
ABOUT HER BOSS? URDAY?
26. (woman) Oh, I see you have a new car. 32. WHY DOES THE MAN WANT TO GO TO THE
(man) I wish I had been able to buy the car I FOOTBALL GAME?
really wanted. 33. WHAT IS AT THE SAME TIME AS THE MUSIC
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? DEPARTMENT'S CONCERT?
27. (woman) Did you hear the president's
34. WHEN DOES THE MAN PLAN TO STUDY?
announcement this morning?
Questions 35-38
(man) Yes, the president appointed Mr. Drew
(narrator) Listen to a conversation between a
head of the newly formed commis-
sion.
man and a woman.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (woman) Have you ever thought about all the
tons of garbage that's out in space cir-
28. (man) Were you upset by what Richard said
cling the Earth?
to vou?
(man) Tons of garbage circling the Earth?
(woman) I couldn't have been more infuriated!
What do you mean?
(woman) I saw a television program about it last
29. (man) Let me just get these last plates put night, and according to the program,
away.Then, I'll be ready to go. there's about 3,000 tons of metal out
(woman) So you did do the dishes. there in space, traveling at speeds
(narrator) WHAT HAD THE WOMAN around 17,000 miles per hour.
ASSUMED? (man) Where did all this garbage come
30. (woman) Why did you get that kind of fruit? from?
(man) Iwouldn't have bought these cherries (woman) Well, it comes from all those space
had I known that grapes were so missions that have gone up since
cheap. 1957. Every time a rocket ship goes up
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? into space, it leaves a lot behind, and
this stuff goes into orbit around the
Part B, page 1 68 Earth: booster rockets, solar panels,

remnants of satellites, and even
Questions 31-34
nuclear reactors.
(narrator) Listen to a conversation between two
(man) Isn't it dangerous to have all this stuff
friends who are making plans.
out there?
(woman) Do you have any plans this weekend? (woman) Some space scientists are worried
(man) There's so much to choose from on about possible collisions between this
campus that I'm not sure what I'm orbiting junk and spaceships, particu-
going to do. larly manned spacecrafts; however, so
(woman) The game's on Saturday
football far there haven't been any such acci-
night, and I'm going with a group of dents.
friends. Do you want to go with us? (man) Well, I hope that they're going to do
(man) Of course I'd like to go to the football something about both for the
this,
game: it's the biggest game of the sea- sake of safety and for the sake of the
son. And it sounds like fun to go with environment.
a large group of people. (woman) Me, too. I know that right now the
(woman) Good. We'll be meeting at the cafete- problem is being studied by numer-
ria fordinner at six o'clock on Satur- ous scientists; hopefully, they'll be
day night, and then we'll go on to the able to find solutions before the prob-
game together. lem gets too much worse.
(man) That takes care of my plans for Satur-
35. WHAT ARE THE MAN AND WOMAN DIS-
day night. But now I need to make a
CUSSING?
decision about Sunday afternoon.
36. WHERE DID THE WOMAN LEARN ABOUT
The music department is sponsoring a
THIS PROBLEM?
concert then, and I'd really like to
37. APPROXIMATELY HOW MUCH METAL IS IN
hear that concert. But there's also a
ORBIT IN SPACE?
play being presented by the drama
38. WHAT DOES THE WOMAN HOPE WILL HAP-
department that I really wanted to
PEN?
see. It's too bad those two events are
at the same time.
(woman) You know, if you go to the game on
Saturday night and a concert or play
RECORDING SCRIPT
Part C, page 1 69 turn into a cooling breeze in the
Questions 39-42 evening. The trade winds also keep

the humidity down, which makes the
(narrator) Listen to a sociology professor talk to
weather even more pleasant.
her class.
I hope this informationhelp you

will
(woman) Before I start today's sociology lec-
to understand the weather conditions
ture, I'd like to talk with you about
that you're going to encounter next
the papers that you should be working
week on your trip; it should also help
on. As you know, the topic for the
you decide what types of clothes you
paper is the relationship between gun
should be packing for your trip.
control and violence. The paper itself
is due in two weeks, but I would like 43. IN WHAT SEASON OF THE YEAR WILL THE
to seeyour oudines by Friday of this TRIP TAKE PLACE?
week so that I can be sure that you are 44. WHAT IS THE WEATHER LIKE IN HAWAII?
on the right track with the assign- 45. WHAT IS TRUE ABOUT THE TRADE WINDS?
ment. 46. WHAT WILL THE PEOPLE LISTENING TO THE
You need do some research for this
to
TALK PROBABLY BE DOING SOON?
paper, so you should be spending
Questions 47-50
some time in the library. I would like
(narrator) Listen to an instructor talk to her class
you to have at least three books and at
about Walt Whitman.
least three recent journal articles as
sources. (woman) The topic of today's lecture is Walt
Whitman, an American poet and
The paper should be pages long;
five
author of the renowned collection of
in addition to the five pages of com-
poems Leaves of Grass. This volume of
position, you should have a tide page
poems is a celebration of America,
and a one-page reference list of the
fullof pride in the United States and
sources that you used in preparing
reverence for the goals of American
the paper.
democracy.
39. WHEN DOES THIS TALK PROBABLY TAKE
PLACE? Whitman began writing Leaves of Grass
in the middle of the nineteenth cen-
40. WHEN IS THE PAPER DUE?
tury, and the first edition appeared in
41. WHAT TYPES OF REFERENCES SHOULD BE
1855 with only twelve poems. Several
USED IN WRITING THE PAPER?
other editions of Leaves of Grass
42. HOW MANY TOTAL PAGES SHOULD BE IN
appeared throughout Whitman's life-
THE PAPER, INCLUDING THE TITLE PAGE
time with additional poems; Leaves of
AND THE REFERENCE LIST?
Grass grew and matured right along
Questions 43-46 with Whitman.
(narrator) Listen to a talk about Hawaii. The longest and best-known poem in
Leaves of Grass is "Song of Myself,"
(man) For those of you taking part in the
which appeared in the first edition.
trip to Hawaii next week, I'd like to
give you a litde information about the
The poem "When Lilacs Last in the
Dooryard Bloomed" was added to a
weather that you can expect there.
later edition. This poem was written at
You can expect the average daily tem- the time of Abraham Lincoln's death
perature there to be about 80 degrees in 1865 and contained Whitman's
Fahrenheit or 26 degrees Celsius. This reflections on that event. Lincoln's
is the average daily temperature in the death occurred in April, in the spring,
springtime, when we will be there; it is in a season of new life. This poem
interesting to note that it only gets a reflects that spring can be at the same
few degrees warmer in the summer time a period of death and a period of
and a few degrees cooler in the win- rebirth.
ter.
47. THIS LECTURE WOULD PROBABLY BE A PART
One important factor that keeps the OF WHICH COURSE?
temperature so constant and moder- 48. WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON THEME IN
ate in Hawaii is the trade winds. These LEAVES OF GRASS?
are winds that blow in on the north- 49. WHAT BEST DESCRIBES LEAVES OF GRASS?
east, or windward, side of the islands 50. WHICH IS THE LONGEST AND BEST-KNOWN
on an almost daily basis; the trade POEM BYWHITMAN?
winds blow through the islands an
average of slighdy more than 300 days
per year, and they are the strongest
during the heat of the afternoon and
RECORDING SCRIPT
LISTENING POST-TEST (Computer) appointment, and I'll need to borrow

someone's notes.
Part A, page 172 (woman) Well, you can certainly borrow mine,
if you don't mind my messy handwrit-
1. (man) Are you ready to work on the history
ing.
paper?
(man) Thanks very much. Notes in messy
(woman) I couple of minutes. I
will be, in a
handwriting are much better than no
have to finish the math problems
notes at all.
before I start on history.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 11. WHAT PROBLEM DOES THE MAN HAVE?
12. WHAT PROBLEM DOES THE WOMAN HAVE?
2. (man) Do you know what time it is?
(woman) I just heard the clock strike noon.

Questions 13-15
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (woman) Do you enjoy playing chess?
3. (woman) Why did the class move to a different (man) Yes, I really do.
room? (woman) Well, you might think about joining
(man) We couldn't get into our regular class- the chess club. I belong to it, and it's a
room. Someone lost the key to it. lot of fun.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (man) What does the chess club do?
4. (man) Should we leave for class now? (woman) The members get together once a
(woman) But it's not time for class yet. week for friendly competitions. Then
each semester, the three best players
from the club compete in a tourna-
5. (woman) Ihope we don't have a quiz today. I'm ment with players from other schools.
not really very prepared on the mater- (man) The meetings once a week sound like
ial for today. a lot of fun, but I don't think I'm
(man) I don't think we will. This professor ready to take part in a tournament
rarely, if ever, gives quizzes. against other schools.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (woman) Well,why don't you come with me this
6. (man) Is the rent check due on the first of Wednesday and try out one of the
the month? weekly meetings? You can come to the
(woman) It is, as far as I know. meetings for a while and then see if
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? you're ready to compete in a tourna-
ment in a few months.
7. (woman) Did your nieces and nephews like the
gifts you got for them? 13. HOW OFTEN DOES THE CHESS CLUB MEET?
(man) They couldn't have been more 14. HOW OFTEN ARE TOURNAMENTS HELD?
excited when they saw what I got. 15. WHO COMPETES IN THE TOURNAMENTS?
HIS NIECES AND NEPHEWS? Questions 16-20
(narrator) Listen to a lecture in a botany class.
8. (man) Have you been studying for long?
The professor is talking about leaf
(woman) For hours, and I'm all worn out.
arrangements.
(professor) Today we're going about phyl-
to talk
9. (woman) Did you go to the party last night?
lotaxy. Phyllotaxy is a scientific term
(man) If I had known about it, I would have.
that refers to the arrangement of
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT leaves on the stem of a plant. On most
THE PARTY? plants, leaves are arranged in a defi-
10. (man) What are you doing during break next nite pattern. It is very unusual for a
week? plant to have randomly placed leaves.
(woman) I'll be staying at the beach with my One of the main reasons leaves on a
family. plant stem are arranged in an orderly
(man) So you did decide to take the trip way is to ensure that each leaf is
after all. exposed to the maximum amount of
(narrator) WHAT DID THE MAN BELIEVE light with a minimum amount of
ABOUT THE WOMAN? interference from other leaves.
The first type of leaf arrangement is

Part B, page 1 75
the alternate arrangement. You can
Questions 11-12 see this type of leaf arrangement in
(man) I have a problem, and I hope you can the diagram. In this type of leaf
help me out. arrangement, there is only one leaf at
(woman) What's your problem? each node, which is the spot where
(man) I need to be absent from class on next the leaf is attached to the stem.
Friday because I have a doctor's
The next type of leaf arrangement is
the opposite arrangement, which you

RECORDING SCRIPT
can see in the diagram. In this type of 19. WHAT DOES THE PROFESSOR SAY ABOUT
leaf arrangement, there are two leaves THE BOTANICAL GARDEN?
at each node, and these two leaves are 20. HOW MANY EXAMPLES DO THE STUDENTS
opposite each other on the stem. This HAVE TO FIND FOR THEIR ASSIGNMENT?
type of leaf arrangement is not as
common as the alternate arrange- Questions 21-25
ment, with one leaf at each node. (narrator) Listen to a discussion from a geogra-
phy class. The discussion is about the
The last type of leaf arrangement that
Great Salt Lake.
we're going to look at is called the
whorled leaf arrangement. This type (instructor) Today we're going to talk about two
of leaf arrangement is the least com- lakes, the Great Salt Lake and Lake
mon of all. It is not as common as Bonneville. Most people are quite
either the opposite or the alternate familiar with the Great Salt Lake, but
arrangement. In this type of arrange- not everyone is quite as familiar with
ment, three or more leaves are Lake Bonneville.
attached to the stalk of the plant at
First look at a map that
of all, let's
the same node. In the diagram, you
shows both the Great Salt Lake and
can see three leaves at the same node;
Lake Bonneville. Now, Gwen, what
it's also possible for there to be more
can you tell me about the Great Salt
than three leaves at the same node,
Lake and Lake Bonneville?
and the arrangement would still
leaf
(Gwen) Lake Bonneville was a lake during
be considered a whorled arrange- prehistoric times. The Great Salt Lake
ment. is the largest surviving remnant of the
Now that we have looked at these prehistoric Lake Bonneville.

three different types of leaf arrange- (instructor) Yes, and how old is Lake Bonneville?
ments, I have an assignment for you. ( Gwen) Lake Bonneville came into existence a
Your assignment is to visit the univer- million years ago.
sity's botanical garden. Were you (instructor) And how big was it?
aware that this university has quite an ( Gwen) It was an enormous lake that covered
extensive botanical garden? In the about 20,000 square miles.
botanical garden, there are examples (instructor) Gwen has explained that the Great
of many different kinds of plants, and Salt Lake is a small remnant of Lake
each plant is labeled with the name of Bonneville and that Lake Bonneville
the plant as well as other information was 20,000 square miles in size. Now,
about the plant. For your assignment, Nick, just how big is the Great Salt
you're to find three examples of each Lake?
of these different types of leaf struc- (Nick) The present Great Salt Lake is much
tures, write down the names of the smaller than Lake Bonneville was.
plants that have these leaf structures, The Great Salt Lake covers about
and turn in your lists on Friday. It will 1 ,700 square miles. This seems like a
be quite easy for you to find examples rather large lake today, but it is much
of the alternate leaf structure smaller than the lake that preceded it.
because, as I said before, this is the (instructor) Exactly. The Great Salt Lake is much
most common type of leaf structure. smaller than Lake Bonneville, less
It willbe a bit more difficult to find than 10% of the size of Lake Bon-
examples of the opposite structure, neville, in fact. And there is another
but by far the most difficult leaf big difference between the two lakes,
arrangement for you to find will be besides the size. It has to do with the
the whorled structure because this water. Can you tell me how the water
leaf arrangement is so rare. You'll in the Great Salt Lake differs from the
have to spend some time finding water in Lake Bonneville? Pat?
examples of the whorled leaf arrange- (Pat) A big difference between Lake Bon-
ment in our botanical garden. See you neville and the Great Salt Lake is that
on Friday with your lists. Lake Bonneville was a freshwater lake,
while the Great Salt Lake (as you can
16. THE PROFESSOR DISCUSSES FOUR TYPES OF
tell from is name) is a saltwater lake.
LEAF ARRANGEMENTS. MATCH THE TYPE OF
(instructor) Exactly. Now let's look at the reasons
LEAF ARRANGEMENT TO ITS DESCRIPTION.
why this lake has become a saltwater
17. IDENTIFY THE NODE.
lake and, in fact, has water much
18. THE PROFESSOR DESCRIBES HOW COMMON And what is it
saltierthan ocean water.
THESE LEAF ARRANGEMENTS ARE. MATCH
that makes the Great Salt Lake so
THE LEAF ARRANGEMENT TO ITS DESCRIP-
Gwen?
salty,
TION.
(Gwen) What makes the Great Salt Lake so
salty is that it has no outlet. Three
RECORDING SCRIPT
rivers feed into it, the Bear River, the the eighteenth century, various
Weber River, and the Jordan River. islands in the chain were under the
These rivers carry a million tons of control of different native kings.
minerals and salts into the Great Salt
The next person we're going to look
Lake each year.
at is King Kamehameha. Kame-
(instructor) And what about these three rivers, the hameha spent almost thirty years unit-
Bear River, the Weber River, and the
ing the Hawaiian Islands under one
Jordan River? Nick?
ruler,and by 1810, a few decades after
(Nick) These rivers feed into the Great Salt
Captain Cook's arrival, all of the
Lake. They don't provide any outlet
islands were united under one king,
from the lake.
King Kamahameha. King Kame-
(instructor) And how does this make the lake so
hameha was the first ruler to reign
salty? Pat?
over of the islands together. He
all
(Pat) There's no way for these minerals and
ruled over all the islands until 1819. A
salts to exit from the lake because the
number of other kings of the Hawai-
lake has no outlet. The water that
ian Islands followed Kamehameha
flows into the lake from these three
during the nineteenth century.
rivers evaporates and leaves the salts.
(instructor) And how much salt is there in the lake Now we'll discuss Queen Liliuokalani,
today? monarch of Hawaii. Lili-

the last
(Pat) Over the lifetime of the lake, six bil- uokalani became queen after her
lion tons of salts have built up. That is brother, King Kalakaua, died in 1891.
why the Great Salt Lake has a much Liliuokalani was the first and only
higher content than the oceans.
salt female monarch to rule the Hawaiian
(instructor) Excellent. You seem to understand Islands, and she was the final
the important points about the Great monarch of Hawaii. Liliuokalani

Salt Lake and Lake Bonneville. Now became queen during a period when
let's move on to another topic. a large percentage of the population
believed that it was better to have a
21. WHEN DID LAKE BONNEVILLE COME INTO democratic government than a
EXISTENCE? monarchy. Liliuokalani refused to
22. HOW DOES THE GREAT SALT LAKE COMPARE consider ending the monarchy and
IN SIZE TO LAKE BONNEVILLE?
also refused to consider limiting the
23. WHAT IS STATED IN THE LECTURE ABOUT power of the monarchy and initiating
THE WATER IN THE TWO LAKES? a democratic government. In 1893,
24. IN WHICH DIRECTION DOES THE WATER IN
two years after she became queen, she
THE RIVERS FLOW? developed a constitution granting
25. HOW MUCH SALT HAS BUILT UP IN THE complete power to the monarch. At
GREAT SALT LAKE? that point, she was removed from the
monarchy. Over the next few years,
Questions 26-30
there were a number of plots to try to
(narrator) Listen to a lecture in an American his-
reinstitute the monarchy. By 1898, Lil-
tory class. The professor is talking
iuokalani had renounced her claim to
about Hawaii.
the royal throne of Hawaii. She
(professor) Today we're going about the
to talk received a pension from the govern-
last monarch to rule in the land that ment and returned to her royal
today makes up the United States. estates, where she lived out her life for
This last monarch was a queen; she the next 20 years with the title of
was Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii. To queen but without the authority as the
understand Queen Liliuokalani's situ- last monarch of the Hawaiian Islands.
ation, I'm going to give you some
I know names are a
that the Hawaiian
background about the history of
bit difficult to remember, but I hope
Hawaii before I discuss Queen Lili-
you understand the important main
uokalani. The two people I'd like to
points, that was King Kamehameha
it
discuss to help you to understand
who unified the Hawaiian Islands
Queen Liliuokalani's situation are
under one monarch and it was Queen
Captain James Cook and King Kame- Liliuokalani who was the final
hameha.
monarch of the Hawaiian Islands.
Captain James Cook arrived in the That's all for today.
Hawaiian Islands in 1778 and gave the
26. WHEN DID EACH PERSON LIVE?
islands the name Sandwich Islands in
27. WHAT DOES THE PROFESSOR SAY ABOUT
honor of a British nobleman, the Earl
JAMES COOK?
of Sandwich. When
Captain Cook
28. THE PROFESSOR EXPLAINS A SERIES OF
arrived in the islands near the end of
EVENTS. PUT THE EVENTS IN ORDER.
RECORDING SCRIPT
29. WHAT DID LILIUOKALANI BELIEVE, ACCORD- 11. (man) Do you know where your sweater is?
ING TO THE PROFESSOR? (woman) I think I left it at my sister's house, but
30. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DID NOT HAP- I'm not sure.
PEN TO LILLUOKALANI? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
12. (man) I need for you to work on these new
accounting reports.
LISTENING COMPLETE TEST (Paper) (woman) But I scarcely have time to finish the
ones I already have.
Part A, page 515
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN IMPLY?
1. (woman) Carla said that you were rather rude.
13. (woman) How much longer do you think
(man) It's unfair of her to say that about me.
you're going to stay on that exercise
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? machine?
2. (man) I don't think this painting is very (man) I give up!
good. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
(woman) It's better than the first one, isn't it?
14. (woman) Look at those waves coming in.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY They're as huge as I've ever seen
ABOUT THE PAINTING? them.
3. (woman) Your graduation ceremony is this (man) You can say that again!
afternoon. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
(man) I can't believe it. I've graduated at 15. (man) Are you ready for the political science
last!
exam today? I stayed up all night
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? studying for it.
4. (woman) I got this dress for only five dollars! (woman) Didn't you know that the professor
(man) Five dollars! How did you get it so put it off until next week?
cheap? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? 16. (woman) I haven't turned in my schedule
5. (man) I just got my third parking ticket this change form yet. Do you think that's a
week. problem?
( woman) Why don't you try putting more (man) You haven't turned it in yet? It's
money in the parking meter when you absolutely essential that you turn the
park your car? form in immediately.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SUG- (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
GEST THAT THE MAN DO? 17. (woman) I'd like to try on some rings, please.
6. (woman) Were you able to get hold of the book (man) Do you prefer rings in gold or silver?
that you wanted? (narrator) WHERE DOES THIS CONVERSA-
(man) I couldn't. At the bookstore, they told TION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE?
me that it wasn't available yet.
18. (man) Look at this. You made an awful lot of
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? long distance calls last month.
7. (woman) Professor Mitchell's lecture certainly (woman) I called my family even more than
went on and on for quite some time. usual. That's why the bill's so much
(man) I thought he was never going to fin- higher than usual.
ish. (narrator) WHAT ARE THE MAN AND
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN IMPLY WOMAN PROBABLY DISCUSSING?
ABOUT THE LECTURE? 19. (man) What do you think of your new boss?
8. (man) You don't have the notes from yester- (woman) I couldn't be more impressed with
day's physics class? him.
(woman) No, I don't. Do you think I could bor- (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?
row yours?
20. (woman) Mike, do you know when the recital
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? starts?
9. (man) You said that you wanted go shop-
to (man) It starts at three o'clock, doesn't it?
ping this afternoon. What do you (narrator) WHAT DOES MIKE MEAN?
want to get?
21. (woman) If your hurting you so much,
tooth is
(woman) I think I'd like to get my dad a new perhaps you should see your dentist
wallet for his birthday.
right away.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? (man) Idon't really want to, but I guess I
10. (woman) You didn't go into the pool, even for a don't have much choice.
quick dip? (narrator) WHAT WILL THE MAN PROBABLY
(man) Iput my big toe in and decided that DO NEXT?
the water was too cold for me.
22. (man) I need to buy some stamps.
8
(woman) Then you'd better get to the post looked down at the floor, there were
office quickly, because it closes at five piles of hair, my hair, on the floor. I
o'clock. couldn't believe it!
( narrator) WHAT CAN BE INFERRED FROM (woman) Well, what did you say to the hairstyl-
THE CONVERSATION? ist?
23. (woman) Do you know how I can find the jour-

( man) What could I say? The hair was
already cut off. I couldn't exactly say,
nal article that we're supposed to read
"Please put it back on," although
for class tomorrow?
that's exactly what I did want to say.
(man) The professor copied it and put it on
( woman) Well, at least your hair'll grow back
reserve in the library.
soon.
(man) That's what everyone is saying to me,
24. (woman) I really think you should try to be a lit-

grow back, it'll grow back. But it
"It'll
tle calmer. won't grow fast enough to make me
(man) If I were any calmer, I'd be asleep. happy.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (woman) Maybe after you get used to it, you'll
25. (man) I don't think that news report can pos- like it a bit more.
sibly be true. 31. WHAT SEEMS TO BE TRUE ABOUT BOB'S
(woman) Neither do I!
HAIRCUT?
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? 32. HOW DOES BOB SEEM TO FEEL ABOUT HIS
26. (woman) Has management decided on a new HAIRCUT?
policy for pay raises? 33. WHAT DID BOB SEE ON THE FLOOR?
(man) It's still up in the air. I think be it will 34. WHAT DO PEOPLE KEEP SAYING TO BOB?
discussed again at the meeting next
Friday.
Questions 35-38
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? (narrator) Listen to a conversation about a man's
great-grandmother.
27. (woman) I can't believe snowing today.
it's
(man) It wasn't exactly unexpected. (man) I talked to my great-grandmother on

(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? the phone morning.
this
(woman) Your great-grandmother? Do you talk
28. (man) How do you think you did on the lit-
with her often?
erature exam that you had this morn-
I try to call her at least once a week.
(man)
ing?
She's a really wonderful woman, and
(woman) I really wish I could take it over again.
she's over eighty-five years old. I enjoy
( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN IMPLY? talking to her, because she's so under-
29. (woman) You didn't have to wait outside. You standing and because she gives me
could 've just opened the door and good advice.
walked right in. ( woman) What advice did she have for you
(man) So the door was not locked! today?
(narrator) WHAT HAD THEMAN ASSUMED? (man) (laughs) She told be carefulme to
because a big storm is coming.
30. (man) My guess is that you're leaving the
(woman) She said that a big storm is coming? Is
office now and heading straight
she a weather forecaster?
home.
(man) Not exactly. She says that she can feel
(woman) You've hit the nail on the head!
it in her bones when a storm is com-
ing. I know it sounds funny, but when
ABOUT THE MAN?
she feels it in her bones that a storm is
coming, she's usually right.
Part B, page 5 1
(woman) That's not actually so funny. When

Questions 31-34 people get older, the tissue around
(narrator) Listen as a man and woman discuss a their joints can become stiff and
haircut. swollen. Just before a storm, the air
(woman) Hi, Bob. Your hair looks nice. It's a bit pressure often drops, and this drop in
shorter than usual, isn't it? air pressure can cause additional pres-
(man) A bit shorter? I don't think so. It's a sure and pain in swollen joints. So
lot shorter. When I look in the mirror, when your great-grandmother tells
I don't even know who is looking back you she thinks a storm coming, she is
atme. probably has some aching in her

(woman) So you got your hair but you did-
cut, joints from the decreasing air pres-
n't get the haircut that you wanted? sure.
(man) This is not even close to the haircut (man) Then, I had better pay more attention
that I wanted. I asked to have hair to my great-grandmother's weather
trimmed just a little bit, and the hair- forecasts!
stylist really went to town. When I

—
RECORDING SCRIPT
35. HOW OFTEN DOES THE MAN USUALLY TALK Today, we be discussing one of the
will
TO HIS GREAT- GRANDMOTHER? more elegant and distinct forms of

36. WHAT DID THE MAN'S GREAT-GRAND- nineteenth-century transportation
MOTHER TELL HIM ON THE PHONE THIS the clipper ship.
MORNING? Clipper ships of the nineteenth cen-
37. WHERE DOES THE MAN'S GREAT-GRAND- tury were the graceful, multisailed,
MOTHER SAY THAT SHE FEELS A STORM oceangoing vessels that were designed
COMING? for maximum speed. They were given
38. WHAT WILL THE MAN PROBABLY DO IN THE the name "clipper" ship in reference
FUTURE? to the fact that they "clipped along" at
such a fast rate of speed.
Part C, page 519
Clipper ships were constructed with a
Questions 39-42
large number of sails in order to max-
(narrator) Listen to a talk by a tour guide in the
imize their speed. They often had six
Everglades National Park.
to eight sails on each of the masts,
(man) Today we're going to be taking a tram and ships commonly had three and
tour through part of the Everglades perhaps four masts. The speeds that
National Park. Quite probably we'll be they achieved were unbelievably fast
seeing a number of crocodiles sun- for the era; clipper ships could, for
ning themselves by the side of the example, accomplish the amazing feat
water or poking their heads up of traveling from New York to San
through the water. Needless to say, we Francisco in less than a hundred days.
will not be getting off the tram at any
Clipper ships first came into use in
time until we leave the area because
the United States in the 1840s. They
of the danger posed by the crocodiles.
were originally intended to make the
By the way, you've probably heard of trip from New York, around the tip of
the expression "crying crocodile South America, and on to China in
tears." It is common to say that some- order to transport tea to the United
one is crying crocodile tears when he States. Once gold was discovered in
or she pretending to be sad or full
is California in 1848, clipper ships were
of regret. Crocodiles always appear to immediately put into use to carry
have tears in their eyes, but they are large numbers of gold prospectors
not crying because of sadness, or even and large amounts of mining supplies
pretended sadness. Instead, a croco- from the East Coast to California.
dile uses its tear ducts to get rid of With the success of the American clip-
extra salt from its body. A crocodile per ships, the British began their own
does not sweat the same way that of clipper ships to transport
fleet
humans do and must get rid of extra goods from the far reaches of the
salt through tears. So if you see a cry- British Empire.
ing crocodile, do not think that it's
That's all for today's class. Don't for-
feeling sad; it is basically sweating
get that there's a written assignment
through its eyes.
due on Friday.
Look! Over there on the right. There
43. IN WHICH COURSE WOULD THIS LECTURE
are two large crocodiles on the water's
MOST PROBABLY BE GIVEN?
edge, right next to the fallen trees.
44. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY MEANING OF
You can get out your cameras and
THE EXPRESSION "TO CLIP ALONG"?
take pictures from here on the tram,
45. WHAT WERE CLIPPER SHIPS FIRST USED FOR
but no, you cannot get off the tram to
IN THE UNITED STATES?
get any closer.
46. WHAT DOES THE PROFESSOR REMIND THE
39. WHERE DOES THIS TALK TAKE PLACE? STUDENTS ABOUT?
40. WHAT DOES THE EXPRESSION "CRYING
CROCODILE TEARS" MEAN WHEN IT IS USED Questions 47-50
TO DESCRIBE HUMANS? (narrator) Listen to the following talk by a drama
41. WHY DO CROCODILES HAVE TEARS IN THEIR coach to a group of actors.
EYES?
(man) Iknow that some of you are feeling
42. WHAT DOES THE TOUR GUIDE RECOM- more than a little nervous about
MEND? tonight's performance, and I want
you to understand that this is quite a
Questions 43-46
natural feeling. You are going
be to
(narrator) Listen to the following lecture by a
on a stage in front of a lot of people
university professor.
tonight, and it's normal to be experi-
(woman) Please take your seats now because I encing some nerves. I would like to
would like to begin today's lecture. help you to understand these feelings
RECORDING SCRIPT
and not to let them interfere with 2. (man) Do you have the book that you bor-
your performance. rowed from Jim? I need to use it.
(woman) No, sorry. I don't. I already returned
What you are experiencing is called
it to Jim.
stage fright. Stage fright is the fear
that develops before you give a perfor-
mance an audience. Stage
in front of 3. (man) Where are you going now?
fright is not just experienced by actors (woman) I'm heading to a talk by Dr. Barton.
and actresses; it can also be experi- (man) Oh, what's the talk on?
enced by musicians, athletes, teach- (woman) There's going to be a solar eclipse
ers —anyone who performs in front of later this month. Dr. Barton's giving a
a group of people. It occurs before a talk on what to expect during the
performance when a performer is eclipse.
concerned about looking foolish in (narrator) WHO IS DR. BARTON MOST
front of others. Just before tonight's LIKELY TO BE?
performance, if you are feeling a bit
4. (woman) That exam's going to be really diffi-
tense, if your knees are shaking, if
cult.
your stomach has butterflies in it, and
(man) It is. We have a lot of work to prepare
if you are thinking about how bad
for it.
your performance could be, then you
(woman) Let's get going on it now.
have a major case of stage fright.
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SUG-
To control stage fright, you can work GEST?
to control both the physical reactions
5. (man) Did you enjoy the theater perfor-
and the negative thoughts. To combat mance last night?
the physical reactions, you can try
( woman) It wasn't all I had hoped for.
techniques such as deep breathing,
muscle relaxation, or even just laugh-
ABOUT THE PERFORMANCE?
ing to relieve some of the pressure. To
combat the negative thoughts, you 6. (woman) Do you understand what we're sup-
should force yourself to focus on what posed to do for tomorrow?

you have to do rather than on what (man) Not really. The professor barely talked
other people are going to think. about the assignment.
That's have to say for now. I'll see
all I
you back here at six o'clock because 7. (man) There's a great new exhibit at the
the performance starts at eight museum. Do you want to go?
o'clock. Just remember that if you (woman) Do you know if we have to pay a fee to
begin to feel at all nervous, try some see the exhibit?
deep breathing to relax and focus (man) Not as far as I know.

your thoughts on the performance (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
that you are about to give. See you 8. (woman) That lecture on the realities of entre-
this evening. preneurship in the twenty-first cen-
47. WHO WOULD PROBABLY NOT EXPERIENCE tury was really fascinating, wasn't it?
STAGE FRIGHT IN THEIR WORK? (man) I'm not sure if it was or not. I didn't
48. WHAT PHYSICAL REACTION MIGHT SOME- understand a word.
ONE WHO IS EXPERIENCING STAGE FRIGHT (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
COMMONLY HAVE? 9. (man) I forgot to send the scholarship appli-
49. HOW CAN SOMEONE COMBAT THE NEGA- cation in on time.
TIVE THOUGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH STAGE (woman) You really missed the boat!
FRIGHT? (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY TO
50. WHEN SHOULD THE ACTORS ARRIVE AT THE THE MAN?
THEATER?
10. (man) John will pick us up at 7:30 for the
concert. That should give us plenty of
time to get there.
LISTENING COMPLETE TEST (woman) So John is going after all!
(Computer) (narrator) WHAT HAD THE WOMAN
EXPECTED?
Part A, page 540
11. (woman) Did you enjoy the trip?
1. (woman) Have you looked at the chemistry
(man) Not really. If the water hadn't been so
problem? rough and the boat hadn't rolled
(man) No, I haven't, have you?
around so much, I would've enjoyed it
(woman) and
Yes, it was impossible to compre- more.
hend it. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
RECORDING SCRIPT
Part B, page 543 There are two points that I would like
Questions 12-14 to make about Washington, D.C. First
of all, this unusual in the

city is
(man) Do you want to go out to Clark's
United States because it is the only
Restaurant tonight?
U.S. city that is not part of any state.
(woman) I'd like to go out, but maybe not to
Second of all, this city was the only
Clark's.
U.S. city which, for quite some time,
(man) Why not Clark's? The food's great
was not self-governing.
there.
(woman) Well, I really like the food at Clark's, Now, let's look at a map of Washing-
but the meals are just too big for me. ton, D.C. as we discuss the first point.
(man) How about if we share a meal since In the early years of the country, the
they're so big? founding fathers believed that the
( woman) That sounds like a good idea. Half of capital of the United States should
a dinner from Clark's is just the right not be part of any state. When a loca-
amount for me. tion was chosen for the capital city,
two states were asked to give up land
12. WHAT DOES THE MAN WANT TO DO?
for a capital city. You can see on the
13. WHAT DOES THE WOMAN NOT LIKE ABOUT
CLARK'S?
map that the District of Columbia was
originally a square, with the Potomac
14. WHAT DO THEY FINALLY DECIDE TO DO?
River cutting through the square. The
Questions 15-17 area to the northeast of the Potomac

originally belonged to the state of
(woman) Do you know how I can get a copy of
Maryland, and the area to the south-
my transcript? I need one for a schol-
west of the Potomac originally
arship I'm applying for.
belonged to the state of Virginia. In
(man) Yes, I You can get a copy of your
do.
the middle of the nineteenth century,
transcript from the registrar's office.
the portion of the square that had
(woman) I just go to the registrar's office and
previously belonged to Virgina, the
ask for a copy of my transcript and I'll
portion to the southwest of the
get one?
Potomac, was returned to the state of
(man) Well, it's not quite that easy.You need
Virginia. Today the District of Colum-
to go to the registrar's office and fill
bia no longer a square. Instead, the
is
out a form, a transcript request form.
District of Columbia is the portion of
Then you turn in the form with a five
the square to the northeast of the
dollar fee.
Potomac.
(woman) So I have to fill out a form and pay a
fee. Then will I get the transcript? The second unusual point that I
(man) You turn in the form and pay a fee, would like to make about Washington
and then you have to wait several days D.C. is that, for most of its history, it
for the transcript to be processed was not a self-governing city. When

before you can get it. the city was established, it was decided
that its government would be
15. WHY DOES THE WOMAN NEED HER TRAN-
appointed by the president of the
SCRIPT?
United States; the citizens of Washing-
16. WHAT DOES THE WOMAN NEED TO DO?
ton, D.C, would not elect their own
17. WHEN CAN THE WOMAN GET THE TRAN-
city government. In addition, the citi-
SCRIPT?
zens of Washington, D.C. for quite
Questions 18-21 some time had no representation in

Congress, and they were ineligible to
(narrator) Listen to a lecture in a government
vote for the president of the United
class. The professor is talking about
States. The citizens of Washington,
Washington, D.C.
D.C. were given the right to vote for
(professor) Today we'll be talking about the city their government only relatively
of Washington, D.C. First of all, let me recendy. Citizens of Washington, D.C.
give you a litde background about its were first eligible to vote for the presi-
name. The original name of the city dent of the United States in the 1964
was Washington City; it was, of course, election; they did not have a represen-
named after the first president of the tative in Congress until 1970, and they
United George Washington. In
States, did not elect their own city officials
later years, the name was changed to until 1974.
the District of Columbia, and today it
Please read the chapter on Washing-
is most commonly called Washington,
ton, D.C. in your textbook and answer
D.C, where D.C. is the abbreviated
the questions at the end of the chap-
form of District of Columbia.
ter before next class. I'll see you then.
RECORDING SCRIPT
18. WHICH NAME HAS NOT BEEN USED FOR THE (man 2) In a warm front, the warm air moves
CITY DISCUSSED IN THE LECTURE? slowly over the cold front, and there is
19. THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, D.C. BELONGS ongoing rain or snow.

TO WHICH STATE? (woman 2) An moves
in a cold front, the cold air
20. IDENTIFY THE PART OF THE MAP THAT USED suddenly under the warm air, and
TO BELONG TO WASHINGTON, D.C. BUT NO there is violent weather that moves
LONGER DOES. rapidly into and out of an area.
21. WHAT IS STATED IN THE LECTURE ABOUT (man 1) That sounds like all we need to know
THE GOVERNMENT OF WASHINGTON, D.C? about weather fronts. See you in class.
Questions 22-25
22. WHAT IS A WEATHER FRONT?
23. WHERE DO FRONTS ORIGINATE?
(narrator) Listen to a discussion about a geogra-
24.. WHAT IS STATED ABOUT A WARM FRONT?
phy lecture. The discussion is on
25. WHAT IS STATED ABOUT A COLD FRONT?
weather fronts.
(man 1) We need to discuss the information Questions 26-30

from our geography class about (narrator) Listen to a lecture in a gemology class.
weather fronts. First of all, what is a The professor is talking about the his-
weather front? tory of gem-cutting.
(woman 1) A weather front is a leading or front (professor) Today I'll be talking about different
end of a mass of air. This mass of air
styles of gem-cutting, particularly
could be cold or warm.
about how these different styles devel-
(man 2) If the mass is cold air, then it's called
oped historically. The various styles of
a cold front.
gems that I'll be talking about are the
(woman 2) And if the mass of air is warm air, then
cabochon, the table cut, the rose cut,
it's called a warm front. and the brilliant cut.
(man 1) And where do the different types of
air masses come from? The first style of gem-cutting, which
(woman 1) Cold air masses come from polar air. you can see in this drawing, is the
(man 2) This means that cold air fronts come cabochon. The cabochon is a
from the north in the northern hemi- rounded shape, without facets. The
sphere and from the south in the cabochon style is quite old. It was the
southern hemisphere. earliest style used to finish gems. The
(woman 2) Warm air masses come from the trop- cabochons in these drawings are
ics. They move north from the equa- shown from the side. A cabochon
tor in the northern hemisphere and could be a simple cabochon, with a
south from the equator in the south- rounded top and a flat bottom, or it
ern hemisphere. could be a double cabochon, which is
(man 1) Now, let's look at the diagram of a rounded on both the top and the bot-
warm front. What happens at a warm tom. It was discovered early on that
front? powders of harder materials such as
(woman 1) At a warm front, warm air moves diamonds could be used to polish
slowly over cooler air. gemstones, and many ancient cultures
(man 2) When this happens, there's a layer of used this method to finish gems.
low grey clouds, and it rains or snows The cabochon cut was not a faceted
steadily. cut. A facet, for those of you who do
(woman 2) And the cloud and wet weather at a not know, is a flat surface cut into a
warm front can last for days at a time. gem. It's not clear when faceting of
(man 1) Let's look now at a cold front. There's stones first developed. Stones were
a diagram of a cold front here. faceted as early as the fifteenth cen-
(woman 1) At a cold front, fast-moving cold air tury in Europe, and they may have
cutsunder the warm air. been faceted earlier than that in other
(man 2) The warm air is pushed up rapidly, cultures.
and this sudden movement causes vio-
Now, we'll look at one of the earliest
lent weather.
styles of faceted gems, the table cut.
(woman 2) Exactly.At a cold front, there can be
You can see a table cut stone, from
strong winds and thunderstorms. The
the top and from the side, in these
storms caused by a cold front arrive
drawings. Early stones faceted in this
quickly and leave quickly.
way were probably not actually cut but
(man 1) Finally, let's summarize what we need
were polished to this shape, using
tounderstand about weather fronts.
powders of harder stones such as dia-
There are two types of fronts, cold
monds. Some stones, including dia-
fronts and warm fronts.
monds, occur naturally in an
(woman 1) In both of these types of fronts, the
eight-sided double pyramid. To create
cold air is under the warm air.
a table cut from an eight-sided double
RECORDING SCRIPT
pyramid, it's necessary only to polish a APPENDIX

flat surface on the top of one side of
the naturally occurring eight-sided APPENDIX EXERCISE Al

shapes.
1 . He put his head on the pillow.
The next stage in the development of 2. His pet rat got out of the cage.
gem-cutting is the rose cut. In a rose 3. The soup was cooking in a pot on the stove.
cut, a stone is actually cut rather than 4. When the child didn't get what he wanted, he
polished. This was one of the earliest began to pout.
methods of faceting the entire surface 5. When you wash your face, you should pat it gently
of a diamond, or other gem. The rose to dry it.
cut involved cutting up to 32 triangu- 6. When he bit into a cherry, his tooth struck a pit.
lar facets on the top of a diamond and
a flat surface on the bottom. This type APPENDIX EXERCISE A2
of cut was beneficial because it main-
1 . The water was too hot to enjoy.
tained much of the original stone.
2. He was impressed by the height of the building.
However, it does not reflect light in a
3. He hit the ball as hard as he could.
way that maximizes the stone's shine
4. They hut near the beach.
lived in a grass
and brilliance. Because it does not
5. The heat was too much
for him.
reflect light as well as other cuts, the
6. He was filled with hate because of what happened.
rose cut is no longer used much
today.
APPENDIX EXERCISE A3
The last type of cut we'll look at is the
1 . The children were trying to fly their kite.
brilliant cut. The came
brilliant cut
He went to sleep on a cot.
2.
into use after the other styles. You can
3. There is a cat stuck up in a tree.
see a brilliant cut from the top and
4. Because of the cold, she decided to wear her coat.
the side. The brilliant cut is faceted
5. He cut the sandwich in half.
on the side and top and also on the
6. I caught a cold last week.
bottom. A stone with a brilliant cut in
the correct proportions reflects the
maximum amount of light out
through the top of the stone and cre- 1. She had a bowl of cereal for breakfast.
ates a stone that, as its name indicates, 2. The bill needs to be paid immediately.
shines the most brilliantly. This style 3. The bell announces the start of classes.
of stone is used quite often today 4. The farmer gave the horses a bale of hay.
because it's so reflective. 5. The bull ws standing in the field.
6. I had a ball at the party.
We have seen four different styles of
gems today, in the order that they APPENDIX EXERCISE A5
were developed historically. Two of
them, the cabochon and the table cut, .1 A cop stopped at the scene of the accident.
are polished rather than cut to create
2. She pulled on her cape before going out in the
snow.
the style, while the other two are actu-
Before next class, please look
ally cut.
3. I am afraid that I just can't cope with all these
problems.
over the photos of gems at the end of
the chapter and identify the style of
4. He pulled the cap down over his eyes.
each stone. 5. A cup of broth would taste good now.
6. He needs to keep on trying.
26. WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH
OF THESE GEMSTONES? APPENDIX EXERCISE A6
27. WHICH STYLES OF STONES WERE POLISHED
too bad the weather isn't better.
AND NOT CUT? 1. It's
28. THE PROFESSOR EXPLAINS THE ORDER 2. The bud was a soft pink color.
rose
3. She's been in bed for over twelve hours.
THAT EACH OF THESE STYLES OF GEMS
APPEARED IN HISTORY. PUT THE STYLES OF 4. One large bead came off of her dress.
GEMS IN THEIR HISTORICAL ORDER. 5. He made a bid on the property.
29. WHICH STYLE OF GEM IS NO LONGER USED 6. The musician bowed after the performance.
BECAUSE IT DOES NOT REFLECT LIGHT
WELL? APPENDIX EXERCISE A7
30. WHAT IS THE ASSIGNMENT FOR THE NEXT 1 . The weather is much cooler at night.
CLASS? 2. They need a new net to play badminton.
3. The note just arrived in the mail today.
4. He tied the two strings together in a tight knot.
5. She keeps her room extremely neat.
6. Her specialty in the kitchen is a nut pie.
1
RECORDING SCRIPT
1 . All she wants is to soak in the tub.
2. The sandwich is in a paper sack.
3. The parents are staying together for the sake of
the children.
4. The politician will seek another term in office.
5. She's relaxing because she feels rather sick today.
6. He put his right sock on his foot.
1. She parts her hair on the right side.
2. He sawed the large log into smaller pieces.
3. What happened last night was too sad.
4. She sighed when she heard the news.
5. The seed that she planted has begun to sprout.
6. I can't believe what was said.
APPENDIX EXERCISE AIO

1 . The officedown the hall.
is
2. The rabbit jumped into a hole in the ground.

3. She climbed up to the top of the hill.
4. He ate the whole piece of cake.
5. She tried to haul the heavy suitcases up the steps.
6. Suddenly a wolf began to howl.
7. The hull of the ship needs to be repaired.
8. The rain was accompanied by some hail.
9. The wound has not yet begun to heal.
APPENDIX EXERCISE A 1
1 . The boat was docked in the harbor.

2. The strongest hitter picked up a bat.
3. Before the game the woman made a bet.
4. He needs some bait to go fishing.
5. Her heart skipped a beat.
6. No one but Tom has shown up yet.
7. At the store she bought some vegetables.
8. he took a large bite of the apple.
9. It does not matter one single bit.
ANSWER KEY
ANSWER KEY
LISTENING EXERCISE 4
1. B 2. C 3. D
LISTENING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST (Paper)
1. c 11. D 21. B 31. A 41. C TOEFL EXERCISE 4
2. B 12. A 22. B 32. C 42. B 1. B 3. D 5. B 7. A 9. C
3. D 13. B 23. D 33. C 43. B 2. A 4. B 6. C 8. C 10. A
4. A 14. C 24. C 34. C 44. C
5. B 15. D 25. C 35. D 45. D EXERCISE 5
6. B 16. A 26. A 36. B 46. A
1. C 2. C 3. A
7. B 17. B 27. D 37. C 47. C
8. A 18. A 28. B 38. D 48. B
9. C 19. D 29. D 39. B 49. A
TOEFL EXERCISE 5
10. A 20. C 30. A 40. C 50. C 1. D 3. A 5. C 7. C 9. D

2. B 4. B 6. C 8. B 10. D
LISTENING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST
(Computer) EXERCISE 6
1. 2 5. 4 9. 1 13. 1 1. D 2. C 3. A
6. 2 10. 3 14. 3
3. 3 7. 3 . 11. 4 15. 2 TOEFL EXERCISE 6
4. 2 8. 2 12. 3 16. 2 1. C 3. B 5. A 7. D 9. C
17. Roanoke Island: Lost Colonists 2. B 4. B 6. C 8. D 10. D
Ocracoke Island: Blackbeard
Kitty Hawk: Wright Brothers TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 4-6)
18. 16th century: Lost Colonists 1. C 3. A 5. B 7. D 9. A
18th century: Blackbeard 2. B 4. C 6. B 8. C 10. B
20th century: Wright Brothers
19. 1, 3 22. 2 25. B 28. 2 TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-6)

20. 2 23. B 26. 4 29. 1
1. D 3. B 5. C 7. A 9. B
21. 4 24. 2, 4 27. 2
2. D 4. D 6. B 8. A 10. D
30. The cooling valve stuck open.
Instruments were misread. EXERCISE 7
The cooling water was shut off. C 2. A 3. C
1.
A partial meltdown occurred.
TOEFL EXERCISE 7
EXERCISE I
1. A 3. B 5. D 7. B 9. D
1. D 2. B 3. C 2. D 4. C 6. C 8. A 10. B
TOEFL EXERCISE I
EXERCISE 8
A
1. 3. D 5. C 7. D 9. D l.A 2. D 3. B
2. C 4. B 6. A 8. C 10. A
TOEFL EXERCISE 8
EXERCISE 2
1. D 3. B 5. C 7. C 9. D
1. D 2. B C
3.
2. A 4. D 6. B 8. D 10. A
TOEFL EXERCISE 2 EXERCISE 9
1. D 3. A 5. C 7. B 9. B 1. D 2. B 3. D
2. A 4. C 6. D 8. A 10. D
TOEFL EXERCISE 9
EXERCISE 3
1. A 3. A 5. D 7. C 9. C
1. C 2. D 3. B 2. D 4. C 6. A 8. A 10. D
TOEFL EXERCISE 3
EXERCISE 10
1. c 3. D 5. B 7. C 9. A 1. A 2. C 3. C
2. A 4. B 6. C 8. D 10. C
TOEFL EXERCISE 10
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-3)
1. D 3. A 5. A 7. B 9. A
1. C 3. D 5. A 7. B 9. C 2. C 4. D 6. B 8. A 10. A
2. A 4. D 6. D 8. C 10. B
1 1
ANSWER KEY
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 7-10) EXERCISE 17

1. C 3. C 5. D 7. B 9. A 1. D 2. B 3. B
2. B 4. B 6. D 8. C 10. B
TOEFL EXERCISE 17
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-10) 1. D 3. C 5. D 7. C 9. D
1. A 3. B 5. C 7. C 9. B 2. C 4. B 6. A 8. C 10. D
2. B 4. A 6. C 8. D 10. D
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 16-17)
EXERCISE 1
1. B 3. D 5. A 7. C 9. C
1. D 2. B 3. A 2. A 4. C 6. C 8. D 10. B
TOEFL EXERCISE 1 TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-17)
1. D 3. A 5. D 7. C 9. A A
1. 3. C 5. A 7. C 9. D
2. B 4. D 6. C 8. B 10. C 2. B 4. C 6. C 8. C 10. A
EXERCISE 12 EXERCISE 1 8 (answers may vary)

1. A 2. D 3. D Questions 1 through 5: lookingfor a job on campus
Questions 6 through 10: a trip taken during a school vacation
TOEFL EXERCISE 12 Questions 11 through 15: one type ofpollution, acid rain
1. B 3. B 5. D 7. D 9. A
2. B 4. A 6. A 8. A 10. A EXERCISE 19
1. What... to do?
EXERCISE 13 2. Where does the conversation probably take place?
1. A 2. C 3. B 3. How many...}
4. How often...}
5. What... to do}
TOEFL EXERCISE 13
6. When does the conversation probably take place?
1. C 3. A 5. A 7. A 9. D 7. What kind of trip is it?
2. D 4. D 6. C 8. C 10. A 8. How long?
9. What were they doing during the trip?
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 11-13) 1 0. How does she feel about. . . ?
1. D 3. C 5. A 7. D 9. D 11. What is the topic of the conversation?

2. B 4. A 6. D 8. B 10. B 12. What energy source?
13. How is... formed?
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-13) 14. Where...}
15. What should she do?
1. B 3. D 5. C 7. A 9. A
2. A 4. B 6. C 8. D 10. C
EXERCISE 20
EXERCISE 14 Conversation 1: lookingfor a part-time job on campus
Conversation 2: a kayaking trip that the man took on the Kla-
1. C 2. D 3. D math Fiver
Conversation 3: one kind ofpollution called acid rain
TOEFL EXERCISE 14
1. C 3. C 5. B 7. A 9. C EXERCISE 2 (Answers
1 may vary)
2. D 4. D 6. A 8. B 10. C Conversation 1
1 .a student and an employment office worker
EXERCISE 15 2. in the campus employment office
1. A 2. D 3. C Conversation 2
1. two students
TOEFL EXERCISE 15 2. during the spring semester, right after spring break
1. B 3. D 5. C 7. A 9. B 3. a trip that he just took
2. A 4. A 6. B 8. D 10. A Conversation 3
1. two students
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 14-15) 2. sometime during the semester
1. C 3. A 5. D 7. C 9. B 3. an article that the man read
2. B 4. C 6. D 8. B 10. C
TOEFL EXERCISE 22
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-15) 1. A 4. B • 7. C 10. D 13. B
1. C 3. B 5. A 7. A 9. A 2. C 5. D 8. B 11. D 14. C
2. D 4. C 6. B 8. B 10. D 3. C 6. D 9. A 12. C 15. D
EXERCISE 16 TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 18-22)

1. D 2. C 3. D 1. C 4. A 7. D 10. A 13. D
2. B 5. B 8. C 11. C
TOEFL EXERCISE 16 3. D 6. A 9. B 12. B
1. D 3. C 5. B 7. C 9. B
2. A 4. B 6. A 8. C 10. A
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 23 (Answers may vary) 2. a. classification
Questions 1 through 5: the requirements of a biology class b. classification by number of fractures:

Questions 6 through 10: the volcanoes in the Ring ofFire or • single fracture (one fracture)
Hawaii • double fracture (two fractures)
Questions 11 through 15: a tour of the Smithsonian • multiple fracture (numerous fractures)
classification by types of fractures:
EXERCISE 24 • simple fracture (complete fracture, not through the skin)
1. When does the talk probably take place? • compound fracture (complete fracture, through the skin)
2. How often...} • greenstick fracture (partial fracture, with bending)
3. What are the students told?
classification by degree of seriousness
4. What...?
• greenstick fracture (less serious)
5. What...? • simple fracture (serious)
6. What is the topic of the talk? • compound fracture ( more serious)
7. What is the topic of the talk?
8. Where...? 3. a. both classification and ordering (chronology)
9. What is true about volcanoes? b. classification of types of trials:
10. Whatis...? • Eugene Debs(trial of a union leader)
1 1 . Who is the speaker? • Loeb and Leopold (murder trial)
1 2. How many ? • John Scopes (evolution trial)
13. Which museum?
chronological ordering of events:
14. Which museum? • 1895: trial ofEugene Debs, president of the railroad
15. Where are they going next?
workers union (Pullman Strike)
• 1902: arbitration of the Pennsylvania Coal strike
EXERCISE 25 (Answers may vary) • 1924: trial of Loeb and Leopold for the murder
of a
Talk 1: the day of class in Biology 101
first teenager
Talk 2: the volcanoes of Hawaii • 1925: trial ofJohn Scopes for teaching evolution (Mon-
Talk 3: a tour of the Smithsonian key Trial)
EXERCISE 26 (Answers may vary) TOEFL EXERCISE 29

Talk 1 1 . It rises within a cloud.
1. Professor Martin It freezes for the first time.
2. in biology class It falls within the cloud.

3. on the first day of class It picks up water.
4. Biology 101
2. It rises and falls repeatedly in the cloud.
Talk 2 It adds new layers of ice.
1. a professor It becomes too heavy.
2. in a university class It falls to the ground.
3. sometime during the semester
3. One break: single fracture
4. maybe geology (because the topic is volcanoes) Two breaks: double fracture
Talk 3 Numerous breaks: multiple fracture
1 a tour guide
.
4. Complete fracture with no broken skin: simple fracture
2. in Washington, D.C. Partialfracture: greenstick fracture
3. in the middle of a tour Complete fracture with broken skin: compound fracture
5. Less serious: greenstick fracture

TOEFL EXERCISE 27
Serious: simple fracture
1. C 4. C 7. C 10. C 13. B More serious: compound fracture
2. B 5. D 8. C 11. B 14. D 6. Pullman Strike: Eugene Debs
3-D 6. B 9. A 12. D 15. A Evolution in the classroom: John Scopes
Murder trial: Loeb and Leopold
7. He defended the railway union president.
1. D 4. D 7. A 10. C He arbitrated a coal strike.
2. D 5. C 8. C 11. C He defended the murderers of a teenager.
3. A 6. B 9. B 12. D He took part in the Monkey Trial.
TOEFL EXERCISE 28
EXERCISE 30 (Answers may vary)
1. 4 4. 2 7. 2 10. 3
1 . a. in three weeks
2. 3 5. 1 8. 3 11. 1
b. the Stage Manager, George, Emily
3. 1 6. 4 9. 2
c. before George and Emily 's wedding
d. slightly familiar (just started learning lines)
EXERCISE 29 (Answers may vary) e. discuss costumes and props and then run through the
1. a. ordering (process) scene (one suggests this, and the other two agree)
b. process of the formation of hail 2. a. looks like gold, with a shiny golden color
• A
drop of water rises and falls repeatedly within a cloud. b. a compound of iron and sulfur
• Each time it rises and falls, it adds a new layer of ice. c. it smokes and develops a strong odor
• After it builds up enough layers, it becomes too heavy. d. from the Greek word for 'fire'
• Then, it falls to the earth. e. they were fools (from fool's gold)
1 1
ANSWER KEY
f. it does not smoke or develop a strong odor (iron pyrite • Layers of sediment cover the bones.
smokes and smells, and gold does not have the same kind • The bones sink to the level of the ground water.
of reaction) • Minerals from the ground water enter the bones.

g. it does not start fires easily (iron pyrite was used to start • Minerals eventually replace the bones.
fires, and gold could not be used that way)
3. a. both classification and ordering (process)
3. a. a Spanish explorer b. classification by types of olive oil:
b. in a best-selling Spanish fantasy series
• extra virgin olive oil ( cold-pressed from the first pressing,
c. an
island full of gold
lower acid)
d. Amazons, who were powerful female warriors • virgin olive oil (cold-pressed from the first pressing,
e. sometime between 1500 and 1550 (in the first half of the
higher acid)
sixteenth century)
• cold-pressed olive oil (cold-pressed from a later pressing)
f. no Amazons and not an island ( no inhabitants like those
• pure olive oil (heat processed)
in the fictional work, and an incorrect assumption that • light olive oil (a mix of olive oil and some other type of
California was an island)
oil)
process for making cold-pressed olive

TOEFL EXERCISE 30 oil:
• The olives are pressed for the first time.
1. 3 5. 2,4 9. 1,2 13. 1 17. 4 • Virgin olive oil results.
2. 3 6. 1 10. 3 14. 2 18. 1,3 • The crushed olives are repressed.
3. 2 7. 2 11. 4 15. 1 • Cold-pressed olive oil results.
4. 1,3 8. 2,4 12. 2 16. 2,4
TOEFL EXERCISE 32
EXERCISE 3
1. Largest lake: Caspian Sea
(Various answers are possible.) Deepest Lake: Lake Baikal
Largest freshwater lake: Lake Superior
TOEFL EXERCISE 3
2. Cut offfrom the oceans: Caspian Sea
1. D 3. D 5. B 7. A 9. C Carved out by glaciers: Lake Superior
2. A 4. C 6. A 8. C Created over a fault in the crust: Lake Baikal
3. An animal dies.
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 29-3 1)
Soft tissues decompose.
1. 2,4 Hard tissues remain.
2. 3 Hard tissues become buried.
3. D 4. Layers of sediment cover the bones.
4. A The bones sink to the level of the ground water.
5. 4
Minerals from the ground water enter the bones.
6. 2
Minerals eventually replace the bones.
7. Before 1920: gas mask
In the 1920s: facecloth 5. The fossilized remains are buried.
In the 1930s: handkerchief The earth moves the buried remains.
8. 1,4 The remains may be pushed close to the surface.
9. 1 Humans may discover the remains.
10. Famous actresses: facecloths 6. The olives are pressed for the first time.
No marketing: bandages Virgin olive oil results.
Consumer testing: handkerchiefs The crushed olives are repressed.
11. 1 Cold-pressed olive oil results.
12. D 7. Olive oil of the highest quality: virgin olive oil
13. 1,3
Olive oil affected by heating: pure olive oil
14. A volcanic island forms.
Olive oil mixed with other oils: light olive oil
Coral begins to grow.
The volcano erodes. 8. From the first pressing, with lower acid: extra virgin olive oil
The volcano disappears underwater. From the first pressing, with higher acid: virgin olive oil
15. C From a later pressing: cold-pressed olive oil
EXERCISE 32 (Answers may vary) EXERCISE 33 (Answers may vary)

1. a. classification 1. a. trees with cones instead offlowers
b. one-third
b. classification by outstanding characteristic:
c. a conifer, a 4,000-year-old bristlecone pine in California
• Caspian Sea (largest lake)
d. conifers, giant redwoods in California several hundred
• Lake Baikal (deepest lake)
feet tall and weighing 2,000 tons
• Lake Superior (largest freshwater lake)
e. evolved as a reaction to drought
classification by type of formation: f. Conifers lose and replace their needles throughout the year,
• Caspian Sea (cut offfrom oceans) deciduous trees shed their leaves in one season.
• Lake Superior (carved out by glaciers)
g. in the northern hemisphere (in North America and
• Lake Baikal ( created over a fault) Siberia)
2. a. ordering (process) h. very big (several hundred feet tall and weighing 2,000
tons)
b. process of the formation of fossils:
• An animal dies. 2. a. students in an introductory education course
• Soft tissues decompose. b. early twentieth century
• Hard tissues remain. c. no colorful clothing, no skirts above the ankle
• Hard tissues become buried. d. no bars, no ice cream parlors
ANSWER KEY
e. very strict (had of rules)

to follow lots LISTENING POST-TEST (Computer)
f. at home (had to be at home by 8:00) 7. 4 10. 1 13. 1
1. 1 4. 1
3. a. both visible from Earth 2. 4 5. 3 8. 2 11. 4 14. 4

b. 500 degrees Centigrade, or 900 degrees Fahrenheit 3. 2 6. 3 9. 4 12. 1 15. 2
c. its closeness to the Sun and its atmosphere

16. One leaf per node: alternate
d. made of carbon dioxide Two leaves per node: opposite
e. made of sulfuric acid Three leaves per node: whorled
f. the Sun reflecting off the clouds
17. B
g. the 6th largest (almost the same size as the earth, the 5th
18. Least common: whorled
largest) Neither most nor least common: opposite
h. not at its brightest when full (at its brightest when a cres-
Most common: alternate
cent)
19. 1,4
i. must be thick (the clouds hide the surface of Venus)
20. 3
21. 3
TOEFL EXERCISE 33 22. 4
1. 4 6. 2,4 11. 2 16. 3 21. 1,4 23. 1, 4
2. 2 7. 1 12. 2,3 17. 2 22. 4 24. D
3. 1 8. 2,3 13. 1 18. 1,4 25. 4
4. 1,3 9. 4 14. 2, 4 19. 2, 4 26. End of the eighteenth century: James Cook
5. 2 10. 3 15. 4 20. 1 Beginning of the nineteenth century: Kamehameha

End of the nineteenth century: Liliuokalani
EXERCISE 34 (Various answers are possible.) 27. 4

28. The islands had different monarchs.
Kamehameha became king.
TOEFL EXERCISE 34
Liliuokalani became queen.
1. C 3. D 5. A 7. D 9. C The monarchy disappeared.
2. B 4. B 6. A 8. B 10. C 29. 4
30. 2
1. 1,2
2. At the top: observatory STRUCTURE
In the legs: trams
Under the ground: museum STRUCTURE DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST (Paper)
3. 3 1. D 4. B 7. A 10. C 13. D
4. 2 2. D 5. C 8. A 11. A 14. B
5. Jefferson became president. 3. D 6. C 9. B 12. A 15. A
Lewis and Clark set out to explore the west.
16. B are 29. C and
Thousands of settlers set out from St. Louis.
17. C became 30. B was designed by
The arch was built.
18. B was declared 31. B short courses
6. 1,4
19. A the brightest star 32. D moved
7. Compressed minerals: inner core
20. C rest 33. A actor
Stony silicates: mantle
21. C materials 34. C live
Liquid minerals: outer core
22. B previously 35. C result of
8. C B
23. C used 36. the project
9. 1,4
24. D their 37. B profitable
10. 2
25. A imported 38. D been mined
11. B C
26. C the 39. other
12. 2
27. C their 40. B making
13. 4
28. D amount
14. 3
15. 2, 4
16. It had only a g sound.
STRUCTURE DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST
It had both ak and a g sound.
(Computer)
It had only a k sound. 1. 3 recorded 11. 3
It had both a k and an s sound. 2. 2 was 12. 2 number
3. 4 13. 2 officially opened
LISTENING POST-TEST (Paper) 4. 3 them 14. 4
D 5. 3 15. 1 A typical
1. D 11. A 21. D 31. B 41.
6. 2 but 16. 2 made
2. D 12. C 22. D 32. C 42. D
7. 2 larger than 17. 2
3. A 13. D 23. A 33. A 43. B
on
8. 4 18. 2 relies
4. D 14. C 24. D 34. D 44. B
9. 4 died 19. 3 expensive
5. C 15. C 25. A 35. A 45. B
10. 3 razed 20. 1
6. D 16. B 26. C 36. D 46. A
7. A 17. A 27. C 37. B 47. D
8. C 18. C 28. D 38. C 48. B EXERCISE I
9. B 19. B 29. D 39. B 49. D 1. I missing subject (could be he went)

10. A 20. B 30. B 40. C 50. B 2. C
3. I missing verb (could be is available)
4. I double verb (has and provides)
5. C
ANSWER KEY
6. I double subject (text and it) 6. I missing verb (could be is in the shopping
7. C mall)
8. I missing verb (could be departure is sched- 7. C
uled) 8. I missing subject (could be he threw)
9. I missing subject (could be /found) 9. I double subject ( construction and it)
10. I double verb (is and processes) 10. C
EXERCISE 2 TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 1-5)
1. C 1. B 3. A 5. C 7. A 9. D
2. I missing subject (could be he took) 2. A 4. D 6. C 8. B 10. A
3. C
4. C EXERCISE 6
5. I missing subject (could be the doctor has been
1. C
practicing)
2. I missing subject (could be no rain has fallen)
6. C 3. I missing connector (could be and it has been)
7. I double subject (shopping and it)
4. I misplaced connector (should be The quality. ..so I
8. C changed)
9. I missing subject (could be she took)
5. C
10. C 6. I missing subject (could be yet it is)
7. C
EXERCISE 3 8. C
1. C 9. I misplaced connector (should be You can drive.
2. I missing subject (could be Bob, a friend) or you can get)
3. C 10. I missing connector (could be so he flew)
4. I missing subject (could be Mr. Smith, the
chief executive officer) EXERCISE 7
5. C 1. C
6. C 2. I missing subject (could be before they are
7. I missing subject (could be the electric heater,
admitted)
a wall heating unit)
3. C
8. C 4. I missing connector (could be After the ground
9. I missing comma ( computer, the most powerful)
had been prepared)
10. C 5. C
6. I missing verb (could be The building is)
EXERCISE 4 7. I missing subject (could be it can be sent)
1. C 8. C
2. I double verb (are completing and should 9. C
report) 10. I missing comma (counted, the outcome)
3. C
4. I double verb (are giving and attract) EXERCISE 8
5. C 1. C
6. I double verb (was trying and was often
2. I missing connector (could be Though the com-
interrupted)
mandant left)
7. C 3. I missing verb (could be unless he or she
8. C meets)
9. I double verb (were announcing and.
4. C
received)
5. I missing subject (could be wherever you need)
10. C 6. C
7. I missing verb (could be your application
EXERCISE 5 is)
1 . I double verb (was offered and was not 8. I missing comma (explained, all visitors)
accepted) 9. C
2. C 10. C
3. I double verb ( were taught and will be)
4. C EXERCISE (Skills 6-8)
5. I double verb ( were reached and were)
1. C
6. C 2. I unnecessary connector (omit Or)
7. I double verb (is and is)
served
3. I missing verb (could be a problem
8. I double verb (are listed and have)
occurred)
9. C 4. I incorrect connector (should be as soon as)
10. C 5. C
6. I missing connector (could be so the king has not
EXERCISE (Skills 1-5)
returned)
1. C 7. C
2. I missing subject (could be she went) 8. C
3. I double verb (were grown and were har- 9. I missing subject (could be while it is)
vested) 10. C
4. C
1
ANSWER KEY
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 6-8) 7. I incorrect connector (thatshould be what)

8. I missing connector (could be That he was)
1. D 3. C 5. D 7. C 9. B
9. I extra subject (omit it)
2. D 4. B 6. B 8. D 10. D
10. C
1. C 3. C 5. A 7. C 9. D
2. B 4. C 6. D 8. B 10. A 1. A 3. B 5. C 7. A 9. B
2. D 4. D 6. C 8. B 10. C
EXERCISE 9
1. C
2. I missing verb (could be manual describes)
1. A 3. B 5. B 7. C 9. D
3. C 2. C 4. A 6. B 8. C 10. B
4. I missing connector (could be Why he refused)
5. I missing subject (could be We talked)
EXERCISE 13
6. I extra subject (omit it) 1. C
7. C 2. I (sat should be sitting)
8. I missing verb (could be when the paper is 3. C
due is certain) 4. I (purchasing should be purchased)
9. I missing connector (could be When the contract 5. I (omit who)
mil be awarded) 6. I (omit were)
10. C 7. I (placing should be placed)
8. C
EXERCISE 10 9. I (heard should be hearing)
10. I (illogical reduction)
1. C
2. I missing verb (could be which is)
3. C EXERCISE 14
4. I missing verb (signing could be must sign) 1. C
5. I extra subject (omit he) 2. I (left should be leaving)
6. C 3. C
7. C 4. C
8. I missing verb (could be whatever is) 5. I (selecting should be selected)
9. C 6. I (illogical reduction)
10. I missing verb (could be whoever is) 7. C
8. I (buy should be buying)
EXERCISE 1 9. C
1. C 10. C
2. I missing verb (could be is for sale)
3. I incorrect connector (whom could be which) EXERCISE (Skills 13-14)

4. C 1. I (was)
5. I extra subject (omit it) 2. C
6. C 3. C
7. C 4. I (needed should be needing)
8. I missing verb (could be was funny ) 5. C
9. I missing subject (could be we were having) 6. I (omit was)
10. C 7. C
8. I (decided should be deciding)
EXERCISE 12 9. C
1. C 10. C
2. I missing connector/ (could be which are trying)
subject
3. I missing verb (could be who is) 1. A 3. B 5. D 7. B 9. B
4.1 incorrect connector/ ( which should be who) 2. A 4. B 6. D 8. D 10. B
subject
5. I extra subject (omit it) TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-14)
6. C 1. D 3. D 5. D 7. C 9. A
7. I missing connector/ (could be which is)
2. A 4. B 6. B 8. D 10. D
subject
8. I extra subject (omit they)
EXERCISE 15
9. C
10. I missing verb (could be that was on sale 1. I (should be the new directories will)
are also on sale) 2. C

3. I (should be can new students)
EXERCISE (Skills 9-12) 4. C
5. I (should be the plane can)
1. I missing subject (could be he was coming)
6. C
2. C 7. C
3. I extra subject (omit she)
8. I (should be has it)
4. C 9. C
5. I missing subject (could be we want)
10. C
6. I incorrect connector (whom could be which)
1
668 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 16 EXERCISE 20
1. € 1. C
2. I (should be is a big house) 2. I (have should be has)
3. C 3. I (is should be are)
4. I (should be is the stream) 4. C
5. C 5. C
6. I (should be the food was) 6.1 ( have should be has)
7. I (should be can farmers) 7.1 ( have should be has)
8. I (should be are the two trees) 8. C

9. C 9.1 ( are should be is)
10. I (should be were a man and a woman) 10. C
1. I (should be did the boy write) 1. C
2. C 2. I (was should be were)
3. C 3. I (is should be are)
4. I (should be have I gone) 4. I (are should be is)
5. I (should be He went) 5. C
6. I (should be has their secretary) 6. C
7. C 7. I (was should be were)
8. I (should be did she leave) 8. I (was not changed should be were not changed)
9. C 9. C
10. C 10. C
1. C 1. C
2. I (could be you should) 2. I (is should be are)
3. I (should be If he has) 3. I (is should be are)
4. C 4. C
5. I (should be ifyou could) 5. I (do should be does)
6. I (should be had he not) 6. I (was so many should be were so many)
7. C 7. I (has should be have)
8. C 8. I (have should be has)
9. C 9. C
10. c 10. I (was should be were)
1. C 1. I (admire should be admires)
2. I (should be were the other members) 2. C
3. C 3. I (were should be was)
4. C 4. I (are should be is)
5. I (should be that the condition of the:
5. C
6. C 6. I (take should be takes)
7. C 7. C
8. C 8. I (are should be is)
9. C 9. C
10. I (does he need should be he needs) 10. I (have should be has)
EXERCISE (Skills 15-19) EXERCISE (Skills 20-23)

1. (should be land developers have) 1. I has should be have)
(
2. I (should be did I believe) 2.1 (was should be were)
3. C 3. I (have should be has)
C 4. C
I (should be are the offices) 5. (was should be were)
C 6. (have should be has)
I (should be does it snow) 7.
C 8. (have should be has)
C 9. (doesshould be do)
10. I (should be Should he) 10. I (have should be has)
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 15-19) TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 20-23)

1. D 3. A 5. D 7. C 9. C 1. B 6. C have
2. A 4. C 6. B 8. A 10. B 2. D 7. D involves
3. B is 8. A were
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-19) 4. A are trying 9. B is
1. B 3. A 5. D 7. C 9. D 5. C is 10. B are
2. D 4. A 6. C 8. B 10. B
1
ANSWER KEY
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills I -23) TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-26)
1. A 6. C qualify 1. B 6. A
2. C 7. B was 2. A 7. C endowed
3. C 8. A which 3. B 8. B is
4. C 9. A a flag is 4. A 9. D bone
5. B 10. B documents 5. B 10. C there are
1. I (in a restaurant should be a server) 1. I (abundanter should be more abundant)
2. C 2. C
3. C 3. I (importantest should be important)
4. I {finishing should be finished) 4. C
5. C 5. I (more long should be longer)
6. C 6. I (than should be of)
7. I (that we go by train should be taking the train) 7. C
8. C 8. I (omit more)
9. I (those letters should be answered should be letters to 9. C
answer) 10. C
10. C
EXERCISE 28
EXERCISE 25 1. C
1. (you can take should be take) 2. I (more should be the most)
2. C 3. C
3. I (or should be nor) 4. I (should be more difficult than the second)
4. C 5. I (more should be most)
5. I (should be but also to) 6. C
6. I (you wrote should be what you wrote) 7. I (the best of should be better than the food in)
7. I (or should be and) 8. C
8. C 9. C
9. I (omit the second you can graduate) 10. I (the longest of should be longer than)
10. I (omit was it)
EXERCISE 29
EXERCISE 26 1. I (should be the harder)
1. C 2. C
2. I (to eat should be eating) 3. I ( the worst should be the worse)
3. C 4. C
4. I (should be what you did yesterday) 5. I (should be the less the noise comes through)
5. I (should be the one we had before) 6. I (should be The faster you run)
6. C 7. C
7. C 8. C
8. I (should be music in my country) 9. I (The earliest should be The earlier)
9. I (should be the one in the high school) 10. I (should be the better time you '11 have)
10. I (How to buy should be Buying)
EXERCISE (Skills 24-26) 1. I (omit more)
1. I (dine should be dining) 2. I (should be taller than the other tree)
2. C 3. C
3. I (should be what had come before) 4. I should be the closer)
(the closest
4. I (or shouldbe nor) 5. I (bigger should be the biggest)
5. I should be mediocre)
(mediocrity 6. I (most hot should be hottest)
6. I (should be but also in the afternoon) 7. C
7. C 8. c
8. I (helps you should be helpful) 9. c
9. C 10. c
10. C
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 24-26) 1. B 6. C in
1. D 2. D 7. C most controversial
2. C 3. D 8. B more
3. D 4. D than 9. B milder
4. B 5. D the most 10. A The most widely
5. D water
6. D and TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-29)
7. D the prison population in any other state
1. A 6. A are cactus plants
8. D philosophical
2. D 7. A who
9. B to preserve
3. D 8. B the largest
10. D or
4. D than 9. B is
5. C was 10. A earlier

1
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 30 7. C
8. I (goesshould be went)
1. I (drunk should be drank)
9.1 (intended should be intends)
2. C
3. C 10. C
4. I ( broke should be broken)
5. I ( completes should be completed)
EXERCISE 34
6. C 1. C
7. I (rodeshould be ridden) 2. I (had should be has)
8. I (saw should be seen) 3. I (have should be had)
9. C 4. C
10. I (respond should be responded) 5. I (finish should be had finished)
6. C
EXERCISE 3 7. C
8. I (were should be had been, had been should be was)
1. I (eat should be eating)
9. I (have worked should be worked)
2. C
(took should be taken)
10. C
3. I
4. C
5. I ( build should be building)
EXERCISE 35
6. C 1. C
7. I (submit should be submitted) 2. I (have should be had)
8. I ( merge should be merging) 3. I (have arrived should be arrived)
9. C 4. C
10. I (duplicates should be duplicated) 5. C
6. I (have been should be were)
EXERCISE 32 7. I (are should be have been)
8. I (votes should be voted)
1. C
should be finish)
9. C
2. I (finishes
10. I (had should be have)
3. C
4. C
5. I (clicks should be click)
EXERCISE 36
6. C 1. I (will should be would)
7. C 2. C
8. I (liked should be like) 3. I ( should be would)
will
9. C 4. I ( would should be will)

10. I (has should be have) 5. C
6. I ( has should be had)
8. I should be would)
(will
1. I (gave should be given)
9. I (would should be will)
2. C
3. C
10. C
4. I (drunk should be drank)
5. I (has should be have)
6. C 1. I (receives should be received)
7. C 2. C
8. I (has should be have) 3. I (was should be is)
9. I (fo should be been) 4. I (have left should be left)
10. I (rose should be risen) 5. I (would should be will)
6. I (has should be had)
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 30-32) 7. C
D 8. C
1. C been 6. hold
9. I (will should be would)
2. C established 7. D been
10. C
3. C would have 8. B made
4. D coming 9. C have
5. B won 10. D tried
1. C spent 6. C will
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-32) 2. A became 7. C lost
1. A 6. B lowest
3. C would 8. D became
2. D 7. A are
4. B served 9. D will potentially raise
3. C 8. B was ordered
5. A has 10. D is
4. B 9. C nor
5. D 10. C are
1. B 6. C is
EXERCISE 33 2. D 7. B have been working
1. I (tell should be told)

3. C 8. A country is in
2. C
4. D 9. B planted
3. I (goes should be went)

5. D measured 10. A Inasmuch as
4. I (reads should be read)

5. I (went should be goes)
6. I (is should be was)
ANSWER KEY 671
EXERCISE 37 7. I {much should be many)

8.1 {less pages should be fewer pages)
1. I {be should be been)
2. C 9. C
10. I {less should be fewer)
3. I {lending should be lent)
4. I { chose should be chosen)
5. c EXERCISE 41
6. I {playing should be played) 1. I {is should be are)
7. c 2. C
8. c 3. I {is should be are)
9. I { clean should be cleaned) 4. I {were should be was)
10. C 5. C
6. C
EXERCISE 38 7. I { were should be was)
8. I { should be tooth)
teeth
1. I {parked should be was parked)
9. I {fungi should be fungus)
2. C
3. I {done should be been done)
10. C
4. C
5. I {sent should be been sent) EXERCISE 42
6. I {will plan should be will be planned) 1. I {poets should be poems)
7. I {left should be was left) 2. C
8. I {won should be was won) 3. I {sculpture should be sculptor)
9. I {made should be were made) 4. I {engineer should be engineering)
10. I {do not drive should be are not driven) 5. C
6. C
EXERCISE (Skills 37-38) 7. I {critics should be criticisms)
1. I {be should be been)

8. C
9. I {statistic should be statistician)
2. I {struck should be was struck)
10. I {acting should be actor)
3. I {feeds should be fed)
4. C
5. I {been leasedshould be leased) EXERCISE (Skills 39^*2)
6. I {placed should be been placed) 1. I {exam should be exams)
7. I (finishing should be finished) 2. I {analyses should be analysis)
8. I {pay should be are paid) 3. I {musical should be musician)
9. I {rode should be ridden) 4. C
10. C 5. I {nurse should be nursing)
6. C
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 37-38) 7. C
1. C 6. D replaced
8. C
9. I {producer should be production)
2. D 7. B added
10. I {excursion should be excursions)
3. B 8. D was lost
4. D covered 9. A have been

5. C be picked 10. D had been protected TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 39^*2)
1. D respects 6. C planet
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-38) 2. D year 7. C number
A
1. 6. D but also
3. A many 8. A investigations
2. B 7. C more
4. C phenomenon 9. C is used
3. B 8. B spent
5. B hero 10. C applicant
4. B (omit have) 9. B as
5. B aresound waves 10. C should
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1—42>
1 B. 6. A indicated is
EXERCISE 39 2. D 7. A Much
1. I {part should be parts)

3. C 8. C (omit has)
2. C 4. C 9. C projects
3. I {way should be ways)

5. D 10. C diseases
4. I {piece should be pieces)

5. I {days should be day)
EXERCISE 43
6. I {days should be day) 1. C
7. C 2. I (/should be me)
8. I {dress should be dresses) 3. I { they should be them)
9. I { bills should be bill) 4. C

10. C 5. I (Act
-
should be she)
6. C
EXERCISE 40 7. C
8. I {them should be they)
1. C
2. I {amount should be number)
9. C
10. I (Act should be she)
3. C
4. C
5. I {much should be many)
6. C
1
672 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 44 6. C
7. I (unhappily should be unhappy)
1. I (her should be hers)
8. I (quick should be quickly)
2. C
(theirs should be their)
9. c
3. I
10. I (difficultly should be difficult)
4. C
5. I (theirs should be their)
6. C EXERCISE 48
7. C 1. I (should be a fantastic sale)
8. I (our should be ours) 2. C

9. C 3. C
10. I (yours should be your) 4. I (should be has carefully selected)
5. C
EXERCISE 45 6. I (should be an expensive restaurant)
should be he or she)
7. C
1. I (they
8. I (should be has subsequently altered them)
2. C
9. I (should be the intensive program)
3. I (them should be it)
them should be
10. C
4. I ( it)
5. C
7. I should be their)
(its 1. I (should be dim lights)
the
8. I (them should be it) 2. I (exhaustedly should be exhausted)
9. C 3. I (remarkable should be remarkably)
10. I (them should be him or her) 4. I ( careful should be carefully)
5. C
EXERCISE (Skills 43-45) 6. I (should be had regularly attended)
should be their)
7. C
1. I (its
(his should be he)

8. C
2. I
9. I ( should be certain)
certainly
3. C
10. I (should be immediately put out)
4. I (they cost should be it costs)
5. C
6. C TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 46-48)
7. I (/should be me) 1. D unusual 6. C lengthy
8. I (theirs should be their) 2. B already adopted 7. C reliably
9. C 3. B fatal 8. B rapidly destroying

10. I (their should be his or her) 4. D heavily 9. D district banks
5. B industrial 10. C successfully

1. B his 6. B he
2. C they 7. C it 1. C 6. D and
3. C their 8. C their 2. D 7. C recently
4. C he 9. C it 3. B its 8. D are
5. A they cause 10. D them 4. C fewer 9. A was given back
5. B (omit has) 10. D equally exciting
1. B 6. C was praised
EXERCISE 49
2. C 7. D a hydrogen bomb explodes 1. C
3. A 8. B forms 2. I (seasonally should be seasonal)
4. C his (or her) 9. D becomes 3. I (lately should be late)
5. C number 10. A line 4. I (terribly should be terrible)
5. C
EXERCISE 46 6. I (negatively should be negative)
(pleasant should be pleasantly)

7. C
1. I
8. I (solitarilyshould be solitary)
2. C
9. I (regularly should be regular)
3. I (expensively should be expensive)
10. I (unhealthily should be unhealthy)
4. c
5. c
6. I ( should be completely)
complete
EXERCISE 50
7. I (truly should be true) 1. C
8. I (incorrect should be incorrectly) 2. I (aliveshould be lively
9. I (completely should be complete, terribly should be 3. I (toneshould be ahme)
terrible) 4. I (afraid should be frightened)
10. C 5. C
6. C
EXERCISE 47 7. C
8. I (asleep should be sleeping)
1. (angrily should be angry)
9. C
2. C
10. I (an atone should be a lone)
3. I (sweetly should be sweet)
4. C
5. C
1
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 5 7. I (subjects should be subject)
1. I (completing should be completed)

8. C
9. I (lessons should be lesson)
2. C
10. I (reasons should be reason)
3. (satisfied should be satisfying)
4. (filling should be filled)
5.
EXERCISE 55
6. 1. I (should be the Snake River)
7. (reducing should be reduced) 2. C
8. (worked should be working) 3. I (should be the head)
9. 4. I (should be the best grade)
10. (unpaying should be unpaid) 5. c
6. I (should be the most beautiful girl)
1. I (appreciating should be appreciated)
8. C
9. I (should be the center)
2.1 ( damaging should be damaged)
10. I (should be the Lincoln Memorial)
3. I (alike should be like)
4. I (interested should be interesting)
6. C 1. I (should be took money, should be a sweater)
7. I (asleep should be sleeping) 2. C
8. C 3. C
9. C 4. I (should be the room, should be plant)
10. I (frightened should be frightening) 5. I (should be a law)
6. I (should be the laboratory manual, should be the next
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 49-51) class)
1. C westerly 6. B sleep
7. I (mistake should be mistakes,
~
should be an honest
2. A annual 7. B disputed effort)

8. I ( indications should be indication)
3. C great 8. C nightly
4. D lone 9. A Signed
9. C
10. I (should be a group tour, should be a fee, should be
5. A viewed 10. D lively
the first of the month)

1. A 6. B evolved
2. C 7. B alike
1. D (omit a) 6. A Radar
3. B 8. D correct completion
2. C a plant 7. D the federal government
4. A 9. A Using
3. B the heart 8. A A
5. D involved 10. C which was held
4. D a 9. C other
5. C the 10. D the Army
EXERCISE 52
1. I (should be a trip)
2. C
1. D 6. C number
3. I (should be a memo)
2. B 7. A their
4. I (should be a car)
3. A 8. C made
5. C
4. D tragedies 9. D layer
6. C 5. B used 10. D graduates
7. C
8. C EXERCISE 56
9. I (should be A teacher) 1. C
10. C 2. I (should be rely on)
3. C
EXERCISE 53 4. I (should be bring up)
5. I (should be consult with)
1. I (should be an hour)
2. C 6. C
7. I (should be approve of)
3. I (should be an umbrella)
4. C 8. C
9. I (should be result in)
5. I (should be an unacceptable idea)
6. C 10. C
7. I (should be a uniform)
8. C EXERCISE 57
9. I (should be an honest mistake) 1. I (should be deal with)
10. I (should be an account) 2. C
3. I (should be sided with)
EXERCISE 54 4. I (should be turned down)
5. I (should be depend on)
1. C
6. I (should be looked after)
2. I (pills should be pill)
3. C
7. C
8. I (should be beware of)
4. I ( members should be member)
5. C 9. C
10. I (should be blamed his brother for)
6. C
ANSWER KEY

8.1 doing should be making)
1. C (
9. I {did should be made)

2. I (should be forgive you for)
(should be excels in)
10. I {others should be other)
3. I
4. C
5. I (should be reminds me of) TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 58-60)
6. C 1. B alike 5. C other 9. C like
7. C 2. A Another 6. A Like 10. A Another
8. I (should be interfere with) 3. D make 7. B done
9. I (should be waited for) 4. A Unlike 8. D alternative
10. I (should be laughs at, should be looks at)
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 56-57) 1. A 5. C taken 9. C romance
1. C in 6. D as 2. A 6. B piece 10. D of
2. A occurrence of edema 7. B means of strings 3. D other 7. A like
3. C of 8. D close to Fort Sumner 4. C known 8. B fans
4. A According to legend 9. D according to
5. B to 10. D with STRUCTURE POST-TEST (Paper)

1. A 21. D recorded
2. D 22. A unlike
1. C 6. C became 3. A 23. D (omit a)
2. A 7. C and 4. D 24. A Many
3. B 8. A will Antarctic icebergs 5. C 25. C it was
4. B on 9. A the largest 6. C 26. B other
5. D bulletin 10. D effect of water 7. C 27. C than
8. B 28. B recently
EXERCISE 58 9. B 29. D (omit it was built)

10. D 30. B have there
2. C 11. B 31. A the mobility
3. I {makes should be does)

12. D 32. B as

13. C 33. D battle fatigue
5. C 14. A 34. C a damaged

6. C 15. C 35. C gravitational
7. C 16. B travel 36. D are not determined
8. I {do should be make)

17. B has 37. B the revoution
9. I {makes should be does)

18. C types 38. B such as
10. C 19. C to verify 39. D electricity
20. A were 40. B made

EXERCISE 59
1. I {like should be alike)
STRUCTURE POST-TEST (Computer)
2. C
1. 1 than 11. 3 were
3. I {Alike should be Like)
2. 3 became 12. 4 the cells of smaller
4. C
3. 1 13. 3
5. I {alike should be like)
4. 2 rode 14. 4 the
6. C
5. 3 their 15. 3 were issued
7. C
6. 3 16. 2
8. I {alike should be like)
7. 3 include 17. 1 alone
9. C
10. c 8. 1 A 18. 4
9. 1 Like 19. 3 suitable
10. 2 20. 2 nucleus
EXERCISE 60
1. C
2. I
3. C
{the another should be another) READING
4. I {others should be other)
READING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST (Paper)
5. C
6. C 1. c 11. B 21. C 31. C 41. B
7. C 2. B 12. A 22. B 32. D 42. C
8. I {a other should be another) 3. A 13. D 23. A 33. A 43. B
9. C 4. C 14. C 24. C 34. B 44. A
10. I { cartridges should be cartridge)
5. A 15. A 25. D 35. A 45. B
6. B 16. D 26. D 36. D 46. A
EXERCISE (Skills 58-60) 7. D 17. B 27. B 37. B 47. A
8. A 18. C 28. B 38. A 48. B
1. C 9. B 19. D 29. A 39. D 49. D
2. I {does should be makes) 10. B 20. D 30. C 40. C 50. D
3. C
4. I {routes should be route)
5. I {like should be alike)
6. C
1
ANSWER KEY
DIAGNOSTIC PRE TEST (Computer) TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 6-7)

1. 4 16. unattached 31. C 1. A 4. A 7. A 10. C
2. battle 17. 3 32. P2 2. D 5. B 8. C 11. B
3. 1 18. t/V radiation 33. 4 3. A 6. B 9. C 12. A
4. 1 19. 1 34. 1
5. 3 20. A 35. 2 TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-7)

6. P2, S3 21. P3, S6 36. 4
1. D 1 3. mood elevation
7. 2 22. 2 37. 1
2. Mason-Dixon Line 14. C
8. fought 23. 1 38. 3
3. A 15. A
9. 4 24. uncomplicated 39. publications
4. B 16. B
10. C 25. 3 40. 2
5. C 17. medium (of television)
11. P4 26. 4 41. E 6. A 18. B
12. 2 27. P4, S3 42. P4, S4
7. P2 19. D
lo. 4 Zo. 2. 43. numerous
A A Ti A
8. B 20. D
14. 3 29. 4 44. r4 9. B 21. A
15. C 30. 4
10. D 22. A
11. A 23. P2
TOEFL EXERCISE 1
12. B
1. D 5. D D. D
2. C 4. A 6. B TOEFL EXERCISE 8
1. D 3. set free 5. D 7. C
TOEFL EXERCISE 2 2. D 4. C 6. C 8. phenomenon
1. D o. 15 b. A
2. P3 4. P3 6. P2 TOEFL EXERCISE 9
1. C 4. B 7. A 10. B
2. D 5. turned 8. C
1. C 3. C 5. P2 7. D 9. PI 3. A 6. C 9. D
2. B 4. B 6. P3 Q A in D9
TOEFL EXERCISE 10
TOEFL EXERCISE 3 1. D 3. B 5 discern 7. C
1. C 4. C 7. C 10. B 2. globular 4. mortal 6. A 8. D
2. B 5. D 8. B 11. D
3. D 6. A 9. B TOEFL EXERCISE 1
1. C 3. B 5. C 7. line
TOEFL EXERCISE 4 2. D 4. A 6. B
1. A 3. B 5. D
2. D 4. D 6. A TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 8-11)
1. solely 7. D 13. C 19. work
TOEFL EXERCISE 5 2. D 8. C 14. D 20. keep
1. C 3. A 5. B 3. C 9. D 15. C 21. A
2. farmers 4. tourists 6. industrial average 4. B 10. teeth 16. C
5. seeped 11. C 17. clear
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 3-5) 6. die 12. A 18. B
1. B 6. D 12. B
2. George 7. D 13. Camp David TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills l-l I)
Washington 8. B 14. C 1. D 14. A

3. D 9. tar 15. B 2. A 15. C
4. B 10. C 16. C 3. C 16. B
5. C 11. D 17. C 4. D 17. B
5. B 18. D
rOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-5) 6. manner of walking 19. D
1. C 8. D 15. continents
7. C 20. C
2. D 9. A 16. D 8. B 21. B
3. B 10. A 17. D 9. P3 22. D
4. A 11. A 18. D 10. C 23. Congress
5. his speech 12. P2 19. P2

11. D 24. C
6. B 13. C 12. C 25. B
13. deal
7. C 14. B
TOEFL EXERCISE 6
TOEFL EXERCISE 12
1. A 3. D 5. B 7. A 1. B 4. D 7. P2, S3 10. P2, S2

2. C 4. D 6. D 8. B 2. PI, S3 5. A 8. A
3. P1,S5 6. P2, S2 9. C
TOEFL EXERCISE 7
TOEFL EXERCISE 13
1. A 3. C 5. C
2. C 4. B 6. A 1. A 3. C 5. D 7. C 9. B
2. D 4. D 6. A 8. A
C
ANSWER KEY
TOEFL EXERCISE 14 4. (A) First of all [L2]

(B) S5 [L7-10]
1. B 3. B 5. D 7. C
2. D 4. D 6. D 5. (A) for example [L4]
(B) for instance [L10]
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 12-14) (C) i.e. [L13]
1. D 6. P3, S3 11. D 16. D

2. A 7. D 12. B 17. D EXERCISE 7A
3. C 8. D 13. B 18. B 1. I meaning missing verb
4. A 9. B 14. B 2. I When you found extra subordinate clause
5. E 10. B 15. P1,S2 connector
3. C reaction was
4. I leaves missing subject
1. B 16. C
5. I indication missing verb
2. A 17. B
3. C 18. C 6. C
4. B 19. B 7. I Why committee met extra subordinate clause
5. Copland 20. C connector
6. D 21. PI
cannot submit missing subject
8. I
7. gamut 22. B
8. PI, S2 23. B 9. I refusal missing verb
9. P1.S4 24. C 10. C
10. D 25. funding
was extra subordinate clause
11. I Since each
11. C 26. canal commission
connector
12. A 27. C
13. D 28. C 12. I missing subject and verb
14. somewhat 29. P3 13. C
15. C 30. B
scheduled
READING POST-TEST (Paper) 14. I situation missing verb
1. D 11. B 21. D 31. C 41. C 15. I that books were extra subordinate clause
2. C 12. D 22. A 32. A 42. D connector
3. B 13. C 23. C 33. B 43. C 16. C dean decided
.4. B 14. A 24. A 34. C 44. A 17. I missing subject and verb
5. B 15. B 25. C 35. B 45. D
6. A 16. D 26. B •
36. B 46. B 18. I If outcome had been extra subordinate clause
7. C 17. B 27. D 37. A 47. A connector
8. D 18/ 28. B 38. B 48. C 19. C results have been posted
9. B 19. A 29. A 39. D 49. D 20. I What students were extra subordinate clause
10. D 20. D 30. B 40. A 50. B
connector
READING POST-TEST (Com puter) EXERCISE 7B

1. 2 16. nexvspapers 30. P3, S3
2. 3 and magazines 31. 3
1 . I researcher completed Q results were
3. 1 17. 3 32. C 2. C meeting did not take place , so it will have
4. 4 18. information 33. P2 3. I I expected , however it was
5. 3 19. 1 34. 2
4. C sales were ; as a result, manager has been given
6. mixed breed 20. P4, S3 35. 3
7. 2 21. P3 36. 2 5.1 We finished and then we submitted
8. Experts 22. 4 37. diamond 6. C employees come , but this does not seem
9. 4 23. 1 38. P2, S5
7. C team won . Next, it will compete
10. P3, S9 24. 3 39. 3
11. 4 25. 2 40. 4 8. I lightbulb has burned out / need
[J
12. 3 26. B 41. 1 9. I manager is hiring , then we will not have
13. 3 27. 1 42. 2
1 0. C chapter was , yet Ifinished
14. 1 28. packages 43. 4
15. B 29. 4 44. P3 1 1 . I You must turn in , otherwise grade will be lowered
12. C decision has not yet been made .Therefore, we must wait
Afterwards construction was completed moved
WRITING 13. I , traffic
1 4. C course requires \
; in contrast, course required
EXERCISE 4 15. I flight is scheduled Q we must head

1. (A) employee [L2] [L9] 16. C building has tower is [7]
(B) worker [L3]

17. C We have or we will have
2. (A) priorities [L4] [L6] [L8]
18. C I have worked ; finally, I will be
(B) them [L7]
3. (A) manner [L10]

19. I bookstore is Q we should go
style [L9] 20. I It has been raining ,
consequently, streets are
(B) It [L12]
ANSWER KEY 677
EXERCISE 7C prior to a major case. After a slow and boring period

of work (7A), all I want is to head to a fast-paced vaca-
1. I tickets (that I ordered) they will be delivered
tion in a big city. However, if my job (7A) has been
2. C (How I will be able to get all this work done) is
frantic and busy prior to my vacation, then (7A) I want
3. C excuse (that you gave me) was to head to a quiet and beautiful place where I can
relax. Thus, I enjoy different types of vacations; (7B)
4. I (What the lecturer said) it was
the type of vacation depends on the pace of my life
5. I place (where we agreed to meet) it was before the vacation. (6 errors)
6. C person (whose friendship I cherish most) is
7. I (Who is responsible for the accident) it is

EXERCISE 8A
8. I (That the story is on the front page of the paper) it is
1. Something very important for students to decide as
they near the end of their studies is (23) whether they
9. I contractor (who painted the house) he did
should (15) work for another company or to go into
10. C (Why she was the one) (who got the job) is business for themselves. As a university student, this
decision about my future is (20) one that I face soon
11. I ( What happened just before our arrival) it is
myself. To me, each of these positions has (23) clear
12. C clothes (that we purchased at the sale) were
advantages, in particular depending on the stage of
13. C room (in which the seminar will be held) is your career. (4 errors)
14. I ( What will happen to her next) it is (what concerns me 2. There are (22) numerous advantages to working
for another company, particularly early in your career.
the most)
One of the advantages is (21) that working in some-
15. C receptionist (who regularly answers the phone) is
one else's company provides (20) a situation with the
16. I (What the manager wrote in the report) it was security of a regular paycheck and less responsibility
than you would have were you (18) to be the owner of
17. I classmate (who presented the report) he did
the company. Also, not until you start your own busi-
18. C (How such a thing could happen) is
ness do you need (17) to come up with the finances to
19. C situation (in which Ifound myself) was (in which all of back the company. Thus, all of this indicates (21) that
it is better to work for other people early in your
the facts are not known)
career while you are gaining the knowledge and expe-
20. I (Why he has done) (what I told him not to do with the rience you need to start your own company. (6 errors)
money) (that I gave him) it is
3. Then, later in your career, it may be advantageous
for you to go into business for yourself. The main rea-
EXERCISE 7 (A-C) son for going into business for yourself is (20) that in
1 . What you need to do before going on a vacation your own company you are able to decide on what
(7C) is where you will go on your vacation.
to decide direction you want (15) your company to go. However,
You may decide to go to a quiet place with a quiet and only when you have gained enough knowledge and
natural setting; (7B) instead you may decide to go to a experience is it (22) a good idea to go into business
big city with a fast-paced life. Each of these types of for yourself. This is when you will (15) be ready to
vacation (7A) has something to offer. (3 errors) deal with the responsibility, pressure, and financial
needs of owning a company. (4 errors)
2. The reasons that it can be a good idea to go to a
quiet and natural location for a vacation (7C) are 4. Nothing is (23) more important
than havingto'rrie
numerous. of all, a vacation in a natural setting

First my own company one day. However, what seems very
allows (7A) you to relax and slow down the pace of clear to me now is that beginning my career working
your life for a while. Instead of hurrying from place to in someone else's company is (20) best. In this situa-
place as you are used to doing (7A), you can spend tion,not only can 1(17) work with more security and
your time doing nothing more than enjoying the but I can also build up my financial
less pressure,
beauty of the location. Then, after (7A) you are thor- resources and learn from others. Then, should I (18)
oughly relaxed, what you can do (7C) is to take part in manage to gain enough experience, knowledge, and
outdoor activities such as hiking or swimming. All of confidence and build up my financial resources, I
this will leave you completely relaxed and free of stress hope eventually to open my own company, where I
by the end of your vacation. (5 errors) can (15) determine exactly how I would (15) like the
can be nice to go to a quiet and natural spot for a
It
company to operate. (6 errors)
3.
vacation; (7B) however, it can also be quite an adven-
ture to go to a big and fast-paced city for a vacation.
EXERCISE 8B
The main reason that it can be a good idea to take a 1. I am a university student, arid I am studying in the
vacation in a big city (7C) is to take part in so many university for a number of reasons. Of course, one of
activities that are unavailable in your hometown. On a my reasons for going to school, studying hard, and
big city vacation,numerous cultural events that might obtaining (24) a university degree is to succeed finan-
not be available in your hometown, such as theatrical cially; the more money I make, the better it will be
performances, concerts, and art and museum (29) for me. However, financial success is not my most
exhibits, (7C) are available. On
a big city vacation, important (27) reason for going to the university.
(7A) you will also have access to some of the world's Instead, I am going to the university for a much
finest restaurants and shopping. After your big city broader (27) reason than that: I believe that a univer-
vacation has ended (7A), you will have a whole range sity education will give me a much richer (24) and bet-
of new experiences that are not part of your daily life. ter life, not just in a financial way. (5 errors)
(5 errors) 2. One way that a university education makes your life
4. For me, the type of vacation that I decide to take more enjoyable (27) is to give you the opportunity to
(7C) depends on my life prior to the vacation. I work have a career that you really desire and appreciate
as a legal assistant in a law office; (7B) this job is often (24) Having a career that you like is much better than
.
repetitious and dull but is sometimes quite frantic just having a job (26) that just pays the bills. I, for exam-
ANSWER KEY
pie, am studying to be a marine biologist.

I will have seems that I currently have (33) a stronger tendency
the best (28) career for me; be rewarded not I will to react with panic than with calm. (4 errors)
only in terms of money but also (25) in terms of
enjoyment of my career. (5 errors) EXERCISE 8D
3. Another way that a university education can enrich 1 . was not a very good athlete (42) in high school,
I
your life is to provide a broader (27) knowledge, but wanted with all of my (44) heart to be on the
I
understanding (24), and appreciation of the world football team. My desire to be on the team had little to
around you than you already have. It provides you do with athletics and was perhaps not for the best of
with an understanding of both the history of your own reasons; the strong stimulus (41 ) for me (43) to make
culture and the influence of (25) history on the pre- the team was that team members were well-known in
sent. It also provides you with an understanding of the school and they (45) became very popular. This
other cultures and shows you that other cultures are desire to be on the football team in high school, and
neither exactly the same as nor are they (25) com- the fact that through hard work (42) I managed to
pletely different from your own culture. Finally, it pro- accomplish something that I wanted so much, even if
vides you with an understanding of the universe it was something petty, turned out to be the sin-
(43)
around you and shows (24) you how the universe gle most valuable experience (39) of my years in high
functions. (5 errors) school. (8 errors)
4. Thus, in getting a university education, I can say 2. I had to work very hard to make the football team
that financial success is certainly one goal that I have. in high school, and for some time this seemed like an
However, the goal of financial success is not as impor- impossible goal (39). A large number (40) of students
tant as another goal that I have (26) My primary goal . in my school, more than a hundred and fifty of them,
in getting a university education is the goal of achiev- spent many of their (44) afternoons trying out for a
ing a fuller (27) life, certainly one with financial secu- team with fewer (40) than forty positions. After a lot
rity but more importantly one that is rewarding both of hard work on my part, and after I had demon-
in terms of professional opportunities and (25) in strated to the coaches that they (45) could count on
terms of awareness and understanding of life around me to keep going long after everyone was exhausted, I
me. The closer I get to achieving this goal, the happier managed to make the team as a secondary player
I will be (29). (4 errors) (42) Even with so much (40) effort, I was never going
.
to be a sports phenomenon (41) or even a member of

EXERCISE 8C the first team, but I did accomplish my goal of making
1. When something unexpected happens, different

the team. (8 errors)
people react (33) in a variety of ways. I wish I could 3. The valuable lesson that I learned through this
react (32) calmly to unexpected situations. However, experience was not the joy of competition (42) or the
unfortunately, I usually react with panic. The follow- many (40) benefits of teamwork, several lessons (39)
ing example shows my usual reaction to situations very commonly associated with participation in team
when I have been (30) completely unprepared for sports. Instead, the valuable lesson that I learned was
them. (3 errors) that hard work and determination could be very
2. This example of the way that I react to unexpected important in helping me (43) accomplish each goal
situations occurred (35) in history class last week. The (39) that I want to reach. Even if others have more tal-
ent, I can work harder than they do (45) and still per-
professor had told us that we would (36) be covering
the material in Chapters 10 through 12 in class on
haps find success (42) where the (43) do not. (8
errors)
Thursday. By the time I arrived in class, I had (34)
read all of the assigned material, and I understood
most of what I had studied (30). While I was relaxing EXERCISE 8E
(31) in my chair at the beginning of class, the profes- 1. I understand that it seems important (47) for (54)
sor announced (36) that there would be a pop quiz on students to prepare their assignments early (48)
the material in the assigned chapters. I was prepared rather than procrastinate in getting assignments done.
(38) on the material because I had (34) studied all of However, although I understand this clearly (46) , I
it thoroughly before class. (8 errors) always seem to wait until the final (46) minute to get
3. However, was faced (31) with an unexpected situ-

I
assigned (51) projects done. There are two reasons
ation, and I do not
react well to unexpected situations. why regularly (46) procrastinate on my academic
I
Instead of feeling relaxed at the announcement of the assignments (48) in spite of the fact that this is not the
unexpected quiz because I was so prepared, I was com- (55) best way to get my work done. (9 errors)
pletely filled (37) with anxiety by the situation. As the 2. One reason that I tend to be an (53) eternal pro-
professor was writing (31) the questions on the board, is that I work much more efficiently (46)
crastinator
I became (33) more and more nervous. I was unable under pressure than I do when I am not under pres-
to think clearly, and I knew
would do (32) a bad
that I sure. can accomplish so much more in
For example, I
job on the quiz because this is (33) what always hap- a two-hour period when I have
a definite (46) dead-
pens to me when I feel panic. As I stared at the ques- line in two hours than I can during a like (50) period
tions on the board, I was (34) unable to think of the without the pressure of a strict deadline (48) Without .
correct answers. It was as if I had not prepared (30) at a deadline, the two-hour period seems to fly by with
all for class. Then, the professor collected the papers minimal (46) accomplishment, but with a (53) rapidly
from the class, including my basically blank piece of (46) approaching (51) deadline I seem quite capable
paper. Just after the papers had been collected (38), (47) of making every minute of the two-hour period
the answers to all the questions came to me. (9 errors) count. (10 errors)
4. You can see (32) from this example that my usual 3. Another reason that I tend to procrastinate is that
reaction to something unexpected is to panic. In the if I start preparing early, it generally takes (48) more
future, Ihope (36) that I will learn to react more of my time. If, for example, I have a paper (52) due in
calmly, but up to now I have (34) not learned to react six weeks, I can start working on the paper now and
this way. On the basis of my past behavior, however, it work on it on a daily (49) basis, and that paper will
ANSWER KEY
take up a lot of my time and energy during the follow- LISTENING COMPLETE TEST (Paper)
ing (51) six weeks. However, if I wait to begin work on
1. B 11. C 21. C 31. A 41. C
the paper until the week (52) before it is due, I have
2. A 12. A 22. A 32. C 42. A
to go off some place where I can be alone (50) and
3. D 13. A 23. A 33. D 43. C
spend all of my time and energy that week on the
4. B 14. D 24. D 34. C 44. B
paper, but it will only take one week of my valuable
5. C 15. A 25. D 35. B 45. A
time (48) and not six weeks. (7 errors)
6. C 16. C 26. B 36. B 46. D
4. In summary, seems that I always wait until the last
it 7. D 17. B 27. B 37. A 47. A
minute to complete (54) assignments because I am 8. A 18. B 28. D 38. D 48. C
afraid that I will waste too much time by starting early. 9. B 19. B 29. C 39. C 49. D
It would be a good idea (52) however, for me to make
, 10. D 20. D 30. D 40. D 50. C
an (53) effort to get work done efficiently (46) and
early so that I do not always have to feel tense (47) STRUCTURE COMPLETE TEST (Paper)
about getting work done at the (55) last minute. (6
1. C 9. D 17. C 25. D 33. A
errors)
2. D 10. B 18. A 26. C 34. B
3. B 11. C 19. C 27. D 35. C
EXERCISE 8F 4. A 12. A 20. C 28. C 36. C
1. Some people do (58) their best to avoid confronta- 5. B 13. D 21. D 29. A 37. A
tions,while other (60) people often seem to get 6. C 14. C 22. D 30. D 38. A
involved in (57) confrontations. There can be prob- 7. A 15. B 23. A 31. B 39. C
lems with either type of behavior; thus, I always try to 8. A 16. A 24. B 32. C 40. C
be like (59) people at either extreme and remain
moderate in my approach to (56) confrontation. (5 READING COMPLETE TEST (Paper)
errors)
1. C 11. B 21. C 31. B 41. B
2. To some people, confrontation should be avoided 2. D 12. B 22. D 32. A 42. B
These people will do (58) nothing
at (56) all costs. 3. A 13. D 23. A 33. C 43. C
even after something terribly wrong has happened to 4. A 14. A 24. A 34. D 44. A
them. They, for example, stay silent when they are 5. B 15. C 25. B 35. A 45. D
pushed around or when they are blamed for (57) 6. C 16. C 26. D 36. D 46. B
something they did not do. Unfortunately, it is quite 7. D 17. A 27. A 37. C 47. D
probable that others will take advantage of (56) peo- 8. B 18. B 28. D 38. B 48. C
ple like (59) this. Thus, people who avoid confronta- 9. A 19. D 29. A 39. D 49. A
tions will find that they do not get as much out of (57) 10. D 20. B 30. D 40. D 50. C
life as they deserve because others (60) always take
advantage of them. (7 errors) LISTENING COMPLETE TEST (Computer)
3. Like (59) people who
avoid confrontations, other 1. 4 8. 3 15. 3 22. 3
(60) individuals go to the opposite extreme; they take 2. 4 9. 1 16. 2 23. 1,4
part in (56) confrontations too easily. When some- 3. 2 10. 3 17. 3 24. 1, 3
thing small happens accidentally, they become 4. 1 11. 2 18. 1 25. 4
enraged and make (58) a big deal of it as if they had 5. 3 12. 4 19. 4
been terribly wronged. Perhaps, for example, some- 6. 4 13. 4 20. B
one accidentally bumps into (56) them or mistakenly 7. 2 14. 1 21. 1,4
says something offensive; in this type of situation, they
26. Unfaceted: cabochon
create a serious confrontation. While it is true that
Faceted only on the top: rose
other people will try hard not to provoke this type of
Faceted on the top and bottom:brilliant
person, it is also true that others (60) will make (58)
27. 1, 3
an effort to avoid spending much time in the com-
28. Cabochon
pany of such a person. Thus, people who get involved
Table
in confrontations easily will find it hard to develop
Rose
close friendships and relationships with others (60).
Brilliant
(8 errors)
29. 3
4. I try to do (58) the right thing by avoiding either 30. 2
extreme type of behavior. I always try to behave in a
like (59) manner, without overreacting or underreact- STRUCTURE COMPLETE TEST (Computer)
ing. If someone offends me by (56) chance, I try to
1. 3 colors 11. 4 other
brush it off (57) and keep on (56) going as if nothing
2. 4 existed 12. 2
had happened to (57) me. If someone intentionally
3. 1 13. 2 is
succeeds in (56) bothering me, however, I try to react
4. 4 infected 14. 3 turns
without anger but with a reaction that shows that
5. 1 its 15. 1
behavior like (59) this is unacceptable. In this way, I
6. 1 16. 2 engineering
do not make (58) the mistake of wasting time on
7. 3 snakes 17. 4
unimportant situations, but I prevent other (60)
8. 2 uses 18. 4 in
instances of bad behavior toward me from (56) recur-
9. 3 19. 3 printing
ring. (11 errors)
10. 1 readily 20. 4
I J I J J
680 ANSWER KEY
READING COMPLETE TEST (Computer) EXERCISE B3

1. 3 16. 1 31. 3 1. B 3. D 5. A 7. T 9. I
O
2. 1 17. E 32. D 2.
T~*
F A
4. H
TT
6. E 8. G 10. C
3. 2 18. 3 33. 2
4. rl, o4 iy. plants o4. o
5. attack 20. 3 35. 2
o CA
1. E 3. B 5. A 7. C 9. F
^1. P9
c 91
D. C r3, 54 3D. 4
2. G 4. I 8. H 10. D
6-
7 9 99 1 S7 S
8 P2 Sfi 23 3 38 3
94 ^
EXERCISE B5
10. 1 25. D 40. 1
1. D 3. A 5. C 7. H 9. B
4 A 2. G 4. E 8. F 10. I
11. P3 26. 41. 6-
12. 1 27. 2 42. P4, S3

13. 4 28. hue 43. P2 EXERCISE CI
14. 3 29. P2, S4 44. 3 1. F 4. I 7. A 10. B
15. 2 30. 1 2. D 5. J 8. L 11. G
3. H 6. C 9. K 12. E
APPENDIXES EXERCISE C2
1. L 4. I 7. K 10. F
EXERCISE A 2. B 5. E 8. G 11. A
1. D 3. F 5. C 3. H 6. D 9. C 12-
2. B 4. E 6. A
EXERCISE C3
EXERCISE A2 1. B 4. I 10. G
7-
1. D 3. B 5. A 2. A 5. D 8. K 11. L
2. E 4. C 6. F 3. E 6. F 9. C 12. H
EXERCISE A3 EXERCISE C4
1. E 3. A 5. B 1. A 4. K 10. B
7-
2. C 4. F 6. D 2. H 5. G 8. D 11. F
3. C 6. E 9. L 12. I
EXERCISE A4
1. F 3. B 5. C EXERCISE D
2. A 4. E 6. D 1 . of; as; for; without 4. over; in; of
2. of; from; in; to; in 5. on; of; by; in; in; of
EXERCISE A5 3. of; in; of
1. E 3. F 5. C
2. B 4. A 6. D EXERCISE D2
1 . of; to; of; of; due to
EXERCISE A6 2. at; by; of; with; such as
1. D 3. C 5. B 3. of; under; under; upon; at; of; of

of;
2. E 4. A 6. F 4. with; by; of; with; around; besides

5. through; by; during; by; on; on; by; up; across; down; to
EXERCISE A7
EXERCISE D3
1. B 3. F 5. A
D 1. during; from; of; to; within
2. C 4. E 6.
2. by; at; of; in; as
EXERCISE A8 3. at; along; to; on

4. past; from; of; to; of; from; for
1. D 3. F 5. B 5. like; of; through; for; of; in; in; on; of; in; since; in;
2. C 4. A 6. E during; in
EXERCISE A9 EXERCISE El
1. E 3. C 5. A (There may be more than one possible answer.)
2. D 4. F 6. B 1. membership 9. alcoholism
2. kindness 10. permanence
EXERCISE AI0 3. reality 11. mileage
1. F 3. B 5. C 7. I 9. A 4. movement 12. confusion
2. E 4. H 6. G 8. D 5. humanity 13. leadership
6. election 14. suddenness
EXERCISE Bl 7. breakage 15. improvement
8. intelligence 16. equality
1. D 3. A 5. E 7. B 9. C
2. I 4. G 6- 8. F 10. H
EXERCISE B2
1. G 3. H 5. A 7. E 9. C
2. B 4. D 6- 8. F 10. I
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE E2 10. education; complexities; comfortable

11 . possible; addition
1. teacher 9. perfectionist
12. fatal; determination
2. typist 10. programmer
3. beautician 11. electrician
4. idealist 12. investor
EXERCISE Fl
5. inventor 13. builder 1. beat 30. forgiven 59. rise
6. clinician 14. naturalist 2. became 31. freeze 60. run
7. specialist 15. advisor 3. begin 32. got 61. said
8. rancher 16. mathematician 4. bet 33. given 62. see
5. bitten 34. gone 63. sell
EXERCISE E3 6. blown 35. grow 64. sent
(There may be more than one possible answer.) 7. broke 36. have 65. shoot
1. heartless 9. useful/less
8. brought 37. heard 66. showed
9. build 38. hidden 67. shut
2. natural 10. enthusiastic
10. bought 39. hit 68. sing
3. athletic 11. motionless
11. caught 40. held 69. sank
4. mysterious 12. traditional
12. choose 41. hurt 70. sat
5. helpful/less 13. changeable
6. impressive 14. permanent 13. came 42. kept 71. sleep
7. intelligent 15. attractive

14. cost 43. know 72. spoken
15. cut 44. lead 73. spent
8. courageous
16. dug 45. left 74. stand
17. done 46. lend 75. steal
EXERCISE E4
(There may be more than one possible answer.)
18. drawn 47. let 76. swum
19. drink 48. lose 77. took
1. darken 9. differentiate 20. driven 49. made 78. taught
2. finalize 10. identify 21. ate 50. mean 79. tore
3. justify 11. lighten 22. fallen 51. met 80. tell
4. separate 12. glamourize 23. feed 52. paid 81. thought
5. shorten 13. personify 24. felt 53. proved 82. throw
6. intensify 14. sweeten 25. fight 54. put 83. understand
7. investigate 15. liberalize 26. found 55. quit 84. wore
8. industrialize 16. demonstrate 27. fit 56. read 85. win
28. flown 57. ridden 86. written
EXERCISE E5 29. forgot 58. rung
1. finally 9. greatly
2. carefully 10. completely EXERCISE Gl
3. obviously 11. eagerly 1 . are written
4. recently 12. absolutely 2. were written
5. strongly 13. correctly 3. have been written
6. perfectly 14. suddenly 4. had been written
7. fearfully 15. doubtfully 5. would be written
8. quickly 16. regularly 6. would have been written
7. are being written
EXERCISE E6 8. were being written
1. V 9. NT 17. NT 25. ADJ 9. will be written
2. ADJ 10. NP 18. NP 26. V 10. will have been written
3. NT 11. NT 19. NT 27. NT 1 1 . are going to be written

4. ADV 12. ADJ 20. ADJ 28. NT 12. should be written
5. NP 13. ADJ 21. ADJ 29. ADJ
6. NP 14. NT 22. ADV 30. V EXERCISE G2
7. V 15. ADJ 23. NT 1 . will fight
8. ADJ 16. ADV 24. NP 2. The equipment is going to be bought
3. was digging a hole
EXERCISE E7 4. already been blown
1. B 5. A 9. A 13. C 17. B 5. should teach their children
2. A 6. C 10. B 14. A 18. A 6. Her valuable jewelry is kept
3. B 7. B 11. C 15. B 19. B 7. sank the ship
4. C 8. C 12. A 16. C 20. B 8. was what you said
. . .
9. is feeding the children
EXERCISE E8 10. It should not have been said
1. inspector; intensive
negative
EXERCISE G3
2. exactly;
3. serious; illness 1 . The club will hold next month . . .
4. (no errors) 2. The game was won by the team

5. poet; composer; autobiographical 3. are being taken of the wedding
6. encourages; assimilate; culture 4. had already stolen the passport
7. previous; establishment; great 5. is read by her
8. escalation; serious; analysts 6. (Someone) have shut off
. . .
9. society; dependent; arrangement 7. of money had been bet

J1 1 J J J JJ
682 ANSWER KEY
8. has driven the car EXERCISE 18

9. Many hours would be spent (by her)
10. could have sold the house
1. F 3. G 5. D 7. E
I. H 4. B 6. A CI
8. I
T
EXERCISE G4 EXERCISE I9A

was being brought (by the guards)
1
2.
.
is going to meet the tourists

in 4 h 7 T i u. r>
2. F 5. C 8. L 11-
3. had alreadv worn that dress
4. His clothing was torn
3. G 6. A 9. K 12. E
5. we can think of is being done
6. will ever find the money
EXERCISE I9B
7. would have been told (by him) 1 H 4 R 7 F 10 A
8. should not have ridden the horse 2. J 5. F 8. G 11. C
9. was caught by a fisherman 3. L 6. I 9. D 12. K
10. knows what he
EXERCISE I9C
EXERCISE HI 1 If A F 7 A 10 c
1. 5. I 9. C 13. C 2. G 5. L 8. B 11. F
2. C 6. C 10. I 14. I
3. H 6. J 9. I 12. D
3. C 7. I 11. C 15. C
4. I 8. C 12. I 16. C EXERCISE I9D
IP 4 K 7 F 10 F
EXERCISE H2 2. A 5. B 8. G 11- J
O r tt
1. I 5. C 9. I 13. C 3. I
T
6. H 9. D 1(] T
2. I 6. C 10. C 14. C
3. I 7. C 11. C 15. C EXERCISE I9E
4. I 8. C 12. I 16. I IT 4. I 7. K 10. c
2. E 5. B 8. L 11. A
EXERCISE H3 5. G D. r y. u Yi. ri
1. 5. I 9. I 13. C
2. C 6. I 10. I 14. I
EXERCISE I9F
3. C 7. I 11. I 15. I 1. L 4. B 7. C 10. F
4. C 8. C 12. C 16. C 2. E 5. H 8. A 11. G
3. 1 O. D y. k 1 O T
EXERCISE 1
4. K 7. I 10. A 13. H EXERCISE I9G

1-J
2. E 5. C 8. B 11. D 1. G 4. F 7. E 10. H
3. L 6. G 9. M 12. F 2.L 5. J 8. I 11. B
3-D o. K y. d 1 9 A
EXERCISE 12
1. D 4. G 7. B 10. E EXERCISE I9H
2. I 5. L 8. K 11. F 1. I 4. F 7. E 10. A
3- 6. A 9. C 12. H 2. H 5. B 8. G 11-
o c
3.
/-^
C O. L*
t
y. v
EXERCISE 13
1. E 4. I 7. A 10. B 13. D EXERCISE 191
2. M 5. K 8. L 11- 1. A 4. B 7. T 10. C
3. G 6. H 9. C 12. F 2. L 5. F 8. G 11. I
3. K O. D y. Jt 19
Yz. ur
rl
EXERCISE 14
1. I 4. H 7. L 10. E EXERCISE I9J
2. G 5. K 8. B 11. F 1. K 4. D 7. A 10. I
3-
6. A 9. C 12. D 2. G 5. E 8-J 11. L
3. C b. b y. rl 19 tr
EXERCISE 15
1. D 4. M 7. H 10. E 13. C EXERCISE I9K
2. F 5-
8. A 11. B 14. G 1. G 4. I 7. E 10. C
3. L 6. K 9. N 12. I 2. K 5. H 8. A 11. B
3. L 6. F 9. D 12-
EXERCISE 16
1. F 3. E 5. G 7. C 9. B EXERCISE I9L
2. I 4. A 6- 8. D 10. H 1. A 4. B 7. D 10. c
2. G 5. J 8. E 11. K
EXERCISE 17 3. I 6. L 9. H 12. F
1. G 4. B 7. I 10. E
2. H 5. L 8. A 11. F
3. J 6. K 9. C 12. D

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RECORDING SCRIPT

ing! (woman) Without question, you need to

(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? working on that case.

WHERE DOES THIS CONVERSA- Professor Jenkins' history class are

(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? nected to the cable.

end reports. (woman) He never manages to turn in his bud-

( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? sonar.

RECORDING SCRIPT 607

(woman) Iwas kind of scared the last time I

(woman) can't believe how fast the professor

had them, but I don't. We only have two questions to go.

question on the study list?

(woman Now, the question asks about famous

Banks. Now, what about Ocracoke to warmer weather, some animals

(man) On December 7, 1903, they managed safe to come out of hibernation.

water. Because they thought that

Questions 26-30 Fortunately, the meltdown that did

TOEFL EXERCISE I, page 30

(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? sweater?

chapter? (man) Yes,he is collecting the train fare

7. (woman) Why didn't Tom come with us this truth.

3. (man) Ihave trouble sleeping at night.

4. (woman) Have you heard that the department

need them for a party that night.

3. (man) Mark said that you were a

(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN? the bill.

(man) If we work on nothing else. wrote?

10. (woman) Would you recommend the hotel

THE HOTEL? month?

(woman) You should drink plenty of fluids, take

( narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

this weekend. (woman) As far as I can tell.

(woman) Me, too. ( narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?

town council next month. (man) Let's go visit her.

(man) So would I. (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN SUGGEST?

ning or intermediate French next haven't they?

4. (woman) I'm so tired from all that exercise.

6. (man) I just finished carrying the last piece

woman) Then, you will take the test this after-

ASSUMED? (narrator) WHAT WILL THE WOMAN PROBA-

6. (man) Walk-through registration took me

her number was unlisted. could have gotten a better seat.

the letter would have arrived.

Hawaii. 2. (woman) I'd like two tickets to the six o'clock

just don't like the food here.

(woman) Yes, but I think I'm getting over it

4. (man) I'd like to stop smoking, but it's really

THE WORKERS? 1. (man) Do you do the cooking every night?

man) Did Fred you his theory about

keep at it as long as you can.

(woman) Hi, Jack. It's good to see you again.

(narrator) Listen to the beginning of Conversa- again after spring break?

tion. have too much choice, do I? And it's

oped, how new colonists in Massachu- inWashington, D.C. Today, we're

corn harvest the following year. EXERCISE 26, page 94

always been in November. (woman) Welcome to Biology 101. I'm Profes-

Today, we are going to discuss the vol-

ments. ian volcanoes is thinner, which results

mately 500 active volcanoes are

computer systems located in this area,

would not sell off any of its gold Questions 6-8

couldn't believe that we had fifty true-

THE WOMAN PLAY? so quickly that I'm not sure if my