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    © All Rights Reserved
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    8 views19 pages

    Stinchcombe 1 y 2

    Uploaded by

    SergioHuertas

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 19
    ee x of SOC lAT 2m RESEARCH Se ee 1 Methods for Sociology and Related Disciplines What kinds of Theory Do Sciologis Saye Wt CENTHAL PURPOSE OF THs ROOK ito analy logilly and practical variooserateges oclogss hae vented to lore fog, develop, ar tet theories of eausation in so ile ‘Alot al socilopical theories aur that some sea eond sion or condos cause or produce one or mere the sia ‘condions, We ave know since Hume tat such hottie links between causes sad effets ace not easly supported by abeervation, Sociologists have wed four main kinds of laos o Hume's problem of supporting theories involving ‘sation. And they have contributed tothe neatly ine supply ofsearteions tha causrtion annette oor fone after another method has hen aacke cae it ened the question of causation (ike eveything aed abo the world by all ther theoces nal sciences) somewhat nee ‘in. Our purpose ar empital worker of diferent kinds hat cen 1 make such theories a elieable as we ca, based on the evidence we an colle or create {wie the four main methods of addressing causal ques tiosin socal cienceby their comon names] quataoe regression methods fad their analogues} on sstmatialy ‘collected observation in the word, esac obervations in surveys (2) storie methods of dying tine ode id inrerveningproceses between caus ad lectin archives of ‘arious kinds (3 evbnographic mebodsto penetrate deeply Jmosequencesof actions andthe context prondeevidence shoutaction ait develops in its maura seting and (4 exper ‘mantal methods vet that manipulations of canes have the eles that their natal analogies ae thought to have, +o verify ghanisie” n the aul theories, 2 = Chante One [sll daborate the nature of these methods biel here, before ex: plain why this book i organized noe by the methods, but by the feral lil robles the methods adds in fre ways, Tea i there are no chaps on, 8, ethoographic methods, but cater sections logical problem such a desing with caus tha ar very complex Droducs of ane ator yan author) bt ihe eoe in a tub sper ay ito the fe of another (ay, a eader). Sich pattems of causation Pervade high cure thats, the lay, medicine, and science. There ino Tewton that ll the methods mentioned above canot be ase vo aes these patterns, bu they have vo dal wie the same logical srocture of Tht there are deren strengths and weakness, for diferent pur poss of methods sich as surveys, whi adel spi the obser tions ofthe complex rods before studying heels x we might expect fom surveys of brary se, and hore tha focus on the compe: Dralion process (ay ofa ook, starting wih he authors back- [round and sting and the hisorcly developed gene in whch be ot she's writing Although they are onthe same theoretical op tests ‘of things one finds out abou that opi ae diferent, Surveys might show ‘har fundamental read more books than people of other cious esuasons, but that mot of thse ks ae on religions op. Hi ‘orcl methods mig show tat saeaie Biographies of peor ie in diferent historia periods have been likly to peodoce sagas praising famous men at some ime, family dramas acted out ina simulated bag room on tage other ties. 1. Quanta. The methods usualy called “quantacne” in soil ogy havea thee min tchniqe lining the alternatives tos prem simplecawal theory thats weakly syppored by an obervedconsation, bbexamination ofthe relations amon variables having relatively simple and abstract measures, such scan be crested bya few survey questions, Sach reladons among variables ace ordinary Collected manly by su eye or other repettine quncative observations in “natural stings” rather than in laboratone. They do that timinton by showing chat be partens of partial eoreations (or other partial etession coffe) ot compatible withthe aeratve thre, but inead supports the Simple causal theory at stake. They star f cone, by showing that the resumed cause a lease comrelted with the prewmod tect. Bat ‘hough Humein efeccaleady sud, "Correlation snot [rong evidence fof austin," one of the pol theories thar wuld peodace the Served covtlacion tha spl aul theory. Each ime one lininats Matos for Socio ad elite Diiplines ~ 3 ‘one or more ober theories ofthat conelatio, one increase he ike hood ofthe simple causal theory. Tir ia very abtacted description of ‘whats ging on so perhaps the following example wl hel. ‘Many ofthe advantages and disadvantages that cise enjoy in seboo apd in tcc placement inthe labor marke are sumo up by he ‘sources avilable thie fay of eign, byte ace that he athe fr mother oF hoth had good jos, oa the other extreme thar one oF ‘dh did nt hae jabs 07 had bre oncs. Consequently ane theory of the dsadvanag in school and the labor marker of Afcan Americans 1 thar thei parents were disadvanaged inte ara by thew os Pail standing of ser parents, and 0 on Bact the orignal fort ‘occupation in plantation ork inthe slave sytem. IF thar weetrus then the ft that slaves fe before the Civil War weremor often of mixed race hecomes relevant. This was prs sane Planers and be slave ownere more offen fod their mistress “ilgtimate children, and par because ehey more ofen ro he: holes, erafemen, and slve superior, who were more oen of mixed ace: Consequealy the “ol” of amily (a ery ough measure ‘of mixed race) isa measure of euly manumision of thle ancestors It sho measures the Inger exposure of ecsorsunde ler go thse spect of majority ature that one learns ar servant, cals ‘anervisoycren before pombe carer mansion, Tha generations sinc el slavery ofa fy, andso generation with higher man ep italas valued inthe United States, i roughly measure by color fortis process in the Caribbean, sce Stinchombe 19982, pp. 138-152 159- my The nue of gneratons ine raalervitde of famille of Amer ‘ean whites vais a god deal hy where they eame from he som ‘mercial farming environmen inthe Low Countries dem the Rhine ‘ater Ky, ad incadng England andthe Sin ale in Europe, a modem "fee peasanty” exited very ery, with more fed servile inthe inerie pin, aod more eglrian tational labor contract in mountainous areas fwept for some slavery, no of fld slays inthe (Caves unite early eighteenth century In central Europe cotive inheriable servile ene in url zen wee decaying by the easy igh eth entry whe in Raia serfdom was not abled tl the ae neteenh century Temporary serie indentured servant) conte ‘xine inthe American clones well into the eihenth centr and in avai uni she nineteenth ear, hoogh ly a fe ofthe indented servants there were Hipanis 4 = Chapter One “The varying colors of whites do not map very well he history of familie? liberation from sere tenures ad the eataled humaa cpital deprivation, so we ace forced eo lump "whites all together bere. Taki, scout ofthe mixture of sources U.S wt migrants, would hay fd anestinate of an average of soa vent Sve thirty generations, for roughy ix centuries, The eeesion sidy Jevignsupgeted below ‘doce mot depend on ths exits eset ignore al diferences ia ‘multe human capital since serie conditions infamy lines Before ‘he nineteenth ene “The accunlcon of human capital infamy nein dhe geecations since slavery or serie might, thea, be enough to explain the ei ference in achievement and placement beoveen the aes. This would ‘uth theoreti question from oe of how far Afric Americans are Chapter Tuo Aiferenses in the cause are themelres always comples, Many things Iappen o people difereny i they spend a yearn school than if they do nor, an the ference are diferent for diferent people Fue, the ‘sal arrows fom education to good jobs are very much affected by ‘what jobs people ae tying to gt For example, cation’ eect om succes ata sales job seems to be sinimal wiles effec om academic obs is maximal Sales jobs pend ‘auch on experience i interaction with ngewe acedeni ie depends on fact in ending, wetting, and perhaps mathematics. athe business world, education has very diferent effets on getting “proe Sonal” jobs suchas accountant o engin, vers joa ine manage ‘nent ere senor counts leo ersus join les where amount fold count lr, repatdlee of eno o ection). Ths the causa Aiance of yea of education depends nt only on what a person does lth yea but alto on what cannes education to succes geting or holding jobs eisclear fom studies ofthe macertat thes connections se ifferent in differen obs, and nifferent counties, The concep of distance seme modestly clear when we ace sudying Jupiter orbit around the Sin, Bees gravitation i the main concept eee ee cee ee

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