11.

7 Exercises
Test the following series for convergence or divergence:

8.
∞ k
∑ (2k +2
.k !
)!
k =1

Answer: By ratio test, series is proven to diverge.

Steps:
Since there is a factorial and a constant to the kth power, it is easiest to use ratio test.
Applying ratio test to the series, yields:

∞
2k . k ! 2k +1 ( k + 1 ) ! ( k + 2 ) !
lim
∑ ( k +2 ) ! = k→
k =1
|
∞ ( k +1+2 ) !
. k
2 .k ! |
Rearranging the exponents and simplifying:

2k+1 ( k +1 ) ! ( k +2 ) ! 2k +1 ( k +1 ) ! ( k +2 ) !
lim
k→∞ | . k | |=lim k .
( k + 1+ 2 ) ! 2 . k ! k → ∞ 2 k!
.
( k +3 ) ! |
2k+1 ( k +1 ) ! ( k +2 ) ! 2k .2 ( k + 1 ) . k ! ( k +2 ) !
lim
k→∞ | 2
k
.
k!
. | |
= lim
( k +3 ) ! k→ ∞ 2 k
.
k!
.
( k +3 ) .(k +2)! |
2k .2 ( k +1 ) . k ! ( k +2 ) ! 1
lim
k→∞ | 2 k
.
k!
. | |= lim 2. ( k +1 ) .
( k +3 ) .(k + 2)! k → ∞ k +3 |
1 k +1
|
lim 2. ( k +1 ) .
k→∞
| |
=lim 2.
k + 3 k → ∞ k +3 |
1
Multiplying the top and bottom of the limit by , simplify and apply limits to find L
k
 1

k→∞
|
lim 2.
k +1
k +3| k→∞
| ||
=lim 2.
1+

1+
k
3
k
=2.
1+0
1+0 |
=2>1

Since L > 1, the series is proved to diverge, using the ratio test.
 10.
∞
3

∑ n2 e−n
n =1

Answer: By integral test, series is proven to converge.

Steps:

n2
f ( x )= 3is positive for x ≥ 1
en
Since the denominator increases rapidly as compared to the numerator, it can be concluded
that f(x) is decreasing. Hence, integral test is applicable. Applying integral test to the given
series:
∞ 2
∫ xx . dx3

1 e
Substitute x 3=u∧3 x 2 dx=du
∞ 2 ∞ ∞

∫ xx . dx=∫ 3.1eu .du= 13 ∫ e−u . du

3

1 e 1 1

Integrating and applying the upper and lower limit of integration:

∞
1 1 ∞ 1
∫ e−u . du= [ −e−u ]1 =
31 3 3e

Since the integral converges, it can be concluded that the series also converges.
 11.
∞

∑ ( n13 ¿ +1
3n
)¿
n =1

Answer: By p-series test and determining common ratio, series is proven to converge.
Steps:
Splitting the terms and rewriting as two separate summations:
∞ ∞

∑ ( n13 ¿ )+∑ (¿ 31n )¿ ¿

n =1 n=1

The left term is a p-series, where p = 3. Since p > 1, the series converges.
∞

∑ ( n13 ¿ ) is convergent since p>1 ¿

n =1

The second term can be expanded to show that is a geometric series:

∑ (¿ 31n )= 13 + 312 + 313 +… ¿

n =1

1 1
The common ratio for this series is r = . Where |r|= <1
3 3

∑ (¿ 31n )is convergent since|r|<1 ¿

n =1

Since both parts of the series converge, the whole series must also converge.
 13.

∞ n 2
∑ 3 n.!n
n =1

Answer: By p-series test and determining common ratio, series is proven to converge.
Steps:
The presence of a factorial suggests that it is easiest to use the ratio test to determine
convergence or divergence of the given series. Applying ratio test to the given series:
∞
3n . n2 3 n+1 ( n+1 )2 n!
|
∑ n ! n →∞ ( n+ 1 ) ! . 3n n2
n =1
=lim |
Rearranging the exponents and simplifying:

3n+1 ( n+1 )2 n ! 3 n .3 . ( n+1 )2

lim
n→∞ | . n 2 =lim
( n+1 ) ! 3 n n→ ∞ | | n
3 .n 2
.
n!
( n+1 ) . n ! |
3n .3 . ( n+1 )2 3. ( n+1 )2
lim
n→∞ | 3 .n
n 2
.
n!
| |
=lim
( n+1 ) . n ! n →∞ n
2
.
1
( n+1 ) |
3. ( n+ 1 )2 1
lim
n→∞ | n 2
. =lim | | |
3 n+3
( n+1 ) n → ∞ n2

1
Multiplying the top and bottom of the limit by , simplify and apply limits to find L.
n2

3 3

lim
n→∞
3 n+3
| |
n2
=lim
n→∞
+
n n2
1
=0<1 | |
Since L < 1, the series converges, using the ratio test.