Ecole Nationale Polytechnique

Preparatory cycle 1st year

Mme W.DJELLADJ

Ecole Nationale Polytechnique

Preparatory cycle

Review series : Sums and products - Semester 1

2023-2024

N denotes the set of natural numbers.

Z denotes the set of integers.
Q denotes the set of rational numbers.
R denotes the set of real numbers.
C denotes the set of complex numbers.

P Q
The sign denotes the sum and denotes the product.
n
X n(n + 1)
k = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n =
2
k=1
Yn
k = 1 × 2 × 3 × ... × n = n!
k=1

Exercice 1 :
3
X m
X 3
X
1. Calculate ( ak + (m − 1)am ) − 3 ak .
m=1 k=1 k=1
P4 Pm 4
m=1 ( k=1 ak + (m − 1)am ) X
2. Calculate − ak .
4
k=1

Exercice 2 :
n n
k2
P P
∀n ∈ N, let : S1 = k and S2 =
k=0 k=0

n(n + 1)
1. Demonstrate that : ∀n ∈ N, S1 = .
2
2. Using the inequality
n+1
X n+1
X
3
k = ((k − 1) + 1)3 ,
k=1 k=1

and by expanding the second member, find the value of the sum S2 .

Exercice 3 :
n
Y 1
Calculate the following product : (1 − ).
k2
k=2