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bounded.
Hence,
by
theorem
2.6-‐3
(
In
a
finite
dimensional
normed
space
X,
any
subset
M
⊂
X
is
compact
⇔
M
is
closed
and
bounded.
),
they
are
also
not
compact.
2.
Show
that
a
discrete
metric
space
X
(cf.
1.1-‐8)
consisting
of
infinitely
many
points
is
not
compact.
Proof:
Let
M
⊂
X
such
that
M
is
countable.
Then
M
=
{x1,
x2,
...}n
and
∀
i,
j
∈
i
≠
j,
xi
–
xj
=
1.
∈
∴
(xn)
does
not
have
any
convergent
subsequence,
hence
X
is
not
compact.
3.
Give
examples
of
compact
and
noncompact
curves
in
the
plane
2.
Examples:
Compact:
A
=
{(x,
y)
∈
2|
x2
+
y2
=
1}
Noncompact:
B
=
{(x,
y)
∈
2|
y
=
x2}
Proof:
∀
(x1,
y1),
(x2,
y2)
∈
A,
(x1,
y1)
–
(x2,
y2)
≤
2,
hence
A
is
bounded.
Let
(xn)n
⊂
A',
then
xn
→
x
for
some
x
∈
2
where
xn
=
(xn,
yn)
and
x
=
(x,
y).
∈
4.
Show
that
for
an
infinite
subset
M
in
the
space
s
(cf.
2.2-‐8)
to
be
compact,
it
is
necessary
that
there
are
numbers
γ1,
γ2,
...,
such
that
for
all
x
=
(ξk(x))
∈
M
we
have
|ξk(x)|
≤
γk.
(It
can
be
shown
that
the
condition
is
also
sufficient
for
the
compactness
of
M.)
Proof:
Define
for
each
i
∈
,
xi
=
( (ξn(i) ) n ).
Let
k
∈
.
∈
Suppose
∃
(xn)n
∈
M
where
the
kth
term,
(ξk(i) ) ,
of
each
xi
forms
an
unbounded
∈
And
since
is
( ξk(1), ξk(2), ξk(3),...)
unbounded,
∃
N2
∈
∀
n
≥
N2,
| ξk(n ) |
>
1
+
|ξk|.
(n )
1 ξk − ξk ∞ 1 ξk(n ) − ξk 1
Let
n
≥
max{N1,
N2}.
Then
k (n )
<
∑ k (n )
<
k +1 .
2 1+ ξk − ξk
€ k =1 2 1+ ξk − ξk 2
(n )
€ ξk − ξk 1 € (n )
So
then
<
⇒ 2 ξk
(n )
− ξ k < 1+ ξ (n )
k − ξk
⇒
ξk − ξk < 1.
1+ ξk(n ) − ξk 2
But
1
<
|| ξk(n ) |
–
|ξ€ €
k||
≤
| ξk
–
ξk|
a
c
€ontradiction.
(n )
€ €
€∴
There
are
numbers
γ1,
γ2,
...,
such
that
for
all
x
=
(ξk)k
∈
M
and
∀
k
∈
,we
have
∈
|ξk|
≤
γk.
€ €
€