Preprint

TAYLOR COEFFICIENTS AND SERIES INVOLVING

HARMONIC NUMBERS

QING-HU HOU AND ZHI-WEI SUN

arXiv:2310.03699v2 [math.CO] 26 Oct 2023

Abstract. During 2022–2023 Z.-W. Sun posed many conjectures on

infinite series with summands involving generalized harmonic numbers.
Motivated by this, we deduce 31 series identities involving harmonic
numbers, three of which were previously conjectured by the second au-
thor. For example, we obtain that
∞
(−1)k π4
 
X 7k − 2 (2) 3
H k−1 − = .
k2 2k 3k 2k − 1 4k2



k k
720
k=1

and
∞  
X 1 30k − 11 (3) (3) 27
(H2k−1 + 2Hk−1 ) + 4 = 4ζ(3)2 ,
2k 2 k(2k − 1) 8k


2
k=1 k k
(m)
where Hn denotes 0<j⩽n j −m .
P

1. Introduction

For each m ∈ Z+ = {1, 2, 3, . . .}, the mth harmonic numbers are those
rational numbers
X 1
Hn(m) = (n ∈ N = {0, 1, 2, . . .}).
km
0<k≤n
(1)
The numbers Hn = (n ∈ N) are the usual harmonic numbers. Z.-W.
Hn
Sun [12, 13] formulated many conjectural series identities whose summands
involve generalized harmonic numbers of small orders. Motivated by this,
we confirmed some conjectures of Sun and evaluate more series involving
harmonic numbers of small orders.
Pilehroods [10] used the WZ method to prove the following identity pro-
posed by the second author in [11]:
∞ ∞
(−27)k−1 (15k − 4) X k3


X

2 3k
= ,
k 3 2k k2
k=1 k k k=1

Key words and phrases. Binomial coefficients, combinatorial identities, harmonic num-
bers, infinite series.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 05A19, 11B65; Secondary 33B15.
Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 11921001 and
12371004, respectively).
1
2 Q.-H. HOU AND Z.-W. SUN

where (−) denotes the Legendre symbol. Motivated by their method, we

confirm Conjecture 3.8(i) in [12]. Namely, we have the following theorem.
Theorem 1.1. We have the identity
∞
X (−27)k 4π 3

2 3k
((15k − 4)(3H3k−1 − Hk−1 ) − 9) = − √ . (1.1)
3 2k 3
n=1 k k k

Our next theorem confirms Conjectures 6.1(i) and 6.4(i) of Sun [13].
Theorem 1.2. We have
∞ (2)
X (21k − 8)Hk−1 + 2/k π4

3 = (1.2)
k 3 2k 360
k=1 k
and
∞
16k π4
 
X (2) 1
3 (6k − 2)Hk−1 + = . (1.3)
3 2k

k 24
k=1 k k

Recently, Wei and Xu [16] confirmed the idenities

∞ 2k 5

 
X
k 2 (3) 8 64ζ(3)
(20k + 8k + 1)Hk + =
(−4096)k 2k + 1 π2
k=0
and
∞ 2k 5

 
X 
(3) (3)
 125 ζ(3)
k
(820k 2 + 180k + 13) 9H2k − Hk + = 1024 2 ,
(−220 )k 2k + 1 π
k=0
conjectured by Sun [13, Conjectures 6.20 and 6.22(i)].
Our third theorem gives similar results involving harmonic numbers of
order 4 conjectured by Sun [13, Conjectures 6.21(i) and the first identity of
6.23(i)].
Theorem 1.3. We have
∞ 2k 5


X (4) (4) 56
k
k
(20k 2 + 8k + 1)(64H2k − 3Hk ) = − π 2 (1.4)
(−4096) 45
k=0
and
∞ 2k 5

 
X (4) (4) 195 896 2
k
(820k 2 + 180k + 13)(49H2k − 3Hk ) − =− π .
(−220 )k (2k + 1)2 45
k=0
(1.5)

Chu and Zhang [4] presented several transformation formulas. By taking

suitable linear combinations of the Taylor coefficients and using Au’s package
on multiple zeta functions [2], we are able to derive some identities involving
 TAYLOR COEFFICIENTS AND SERIES INVOLVING HARMONIC NUMBERS 3

harmonic numbers which are similar to some conjectures in Sections 4 and

5 of Sun [12].
[4, Example 84] has the equivalent form:
∞
X 16k (6k − 1)

4k
= 8G, (1.6)
k=1
(2k − 1)k 2 2k
k 2k

where G = ∞ k 2
P
k=0 (−1) /(2k + 1) is the Catalan constant. In contrast, we
obtain the following result.
Theorem 1.4. We have
∞
X 16k (6k − 1)(4H2k−1 − Hk−1 )
= π3. (1.7)
2 2k 4k



k=1
(2k − 1)k k 2k

[4, Example 11] has the equivalent form:

∞
X 30k − 11

2 = 4ζ(3). (1.8)
(2k − 1)k 3 2k
k=1 k
Wei [14] deduced some variants of this identity involving harmonic numbers
of order 1 or 2. In contrast, we obtain the following result.
Theorem 1.5. We have
∞  
X 1 30k − 11 (3) (3) 27
(H2k−1 + 2Hk−1 ) + 4 = 4ζ(3)2 . (1.9)
2k 2 k(2k − 1) 8k


2
k=1 k k

[4, Example 21] has the equivalent form:

∞
X (−1)k−1 (56k 2 − 32k + 5)
= 4ζ(3). (1.10)
(2k − 1)2 k 3 2k

3k

k=1 k k
Motivated by this and Conjectures 4.5 and 4.6of Sun [13], we establish the
following theorem.
Theorem 1.6. We have
∞
(−1)k−1 56k 2 − 32k + 5 π4
 
X 1
H 2k−1 + = (1.11)
k 3 2k 3k (2k − 1)2



k k
2k 20
k=1
and
∞ 46
(−1)k (56k 2 − 32k + 5)(H3k−1 −


X H2k−1 − Hk−1 ) − 12k 7 4

3

2k 3k
= π .
(2k − 2 3
1) k k k 10
k=1
(1.12)

[4, Example 24] has the equivalent form:

∞
X (−1)k (7k − 2) π2
2k

3k
= − . (1.13)
(2k − 1)k 2 k k 12
k=1
4 Q.-H. HOU AND Z.-W. SUN

Motivated by this and Conjecture 4.2 of Sun [13], we establish the following
theorem.
Theorem 1.7. We have
∞
(−1)k
 
X 7k − 2 1 3
2k 3k
(2H2k−1 − Hk−1 ) + = − ζ(3) (1.14)
2k − 1



2
k k k k 2
k=1
and
∞
(−1)k π4
 
X 7k − 2 (2) 3
2k 3k
Hk−1 − 2 = . (1.15)
2k − 1



k2 k k
4k 720
k=1

[4, Example 1] has the equivalent form:

∞
X (−16)k (20k 2 − 8k + 1)


= −14ζ(3). (1.16)
(2k − 1)2 k 3 2k 4k
k=1 k 2k
Motivated by this and Conjecture 4.11 of Sun [13], we get the following
result.
Theorem 1.8. We have
∞
(−16)k (20k 2 − 8k + 1)(2H4k−1 − 9H2k−1 ) − 8k


X
2k 4k


= π4. (1.17)
2 3
(2k − 1) k k 2k
k=1

[4, Example 50] has the equivalent form:

∞
X 256k (22k − 1)


= 128G. (1.18)
(2k − 1)k 2 3k 6k
k=1 k 3k
Motivated by this and Conjecture 4.15 of Sun [13], we obtain the following
theorem.
Theorem 1.9. We have
∞
256k (22k − 1)H(k) − 50


X
3k 6k


= −16π 3 , (1.19)
2
(2k − 1)k k 3k
k=1
where H(k) = 10H6k−1 − 5H3k−1 − 16H2k−1 + 5Hk−1 .

[4, Example 41] has the equivalent form:

∞
X (−256)k (86k 2 − 21k + 2)
= −224ζ(3). (1.20)
2 k 3 3k 6k



k=1
(2k − 1) k 3k
Motivated by this, we establish the following theorem.
Theorem 1.10. We have
∞
(−256)k (86k 2 − 21k + 2)H2k−1 + 25k(6k − 1)/(2k − 1)


X
= −8π 4
2 k 3 3k 6k



k=1
(2k − 1) k 3k
(1.21)
 TAYLOR COEFFICIENTS AND SERIES INVOLVING HARMONIC NUMBERS 5

and
∞
(−256)k (86k 2 − 21k + 2)ck + 2k(232k − 45)/(2k − 1)


X
= −32π 4 ,
2 k 3 3k 6k



k=1
(2k − 1) k 3k
(1.22)
where ck = 2H6k−1 − H3k−1 + Hk−1 . Also,
∞ (2)
(−256)k (86k 2 − 21k + 2)H2k−1 − 61k(6k − 1)/(2k − 1)2


X
= 992ζ(5)
2 k 3 3k 6k



k=1
(2k − 1) k 3k
(1.23)
and
∞ (3) (3)
(−256)k (86k 2 − 21k + 2)(15H2k−1 − 2Hk−1 ) − 83k(6k − 1)/(2k − 1)3


X
(2k − 1)2 k 3 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k
= −1568ζ(3)2 . (1.24)

[4, Example 93] has the equivalent form:

∞ 2k 2
(−1)k−1 (112k 3 − 8k 2 − 6k + 1)


X 2
k
= π2. (1.25)
(2k − 1)3 k 2 3k

6k

k 3k
3
k=1
Motivated by this and the spirit of Sun [13], we establish the following
theorem.
Theorem 1.11. Let P (k) = 112k 3 − 8k 2 − 6k + 1. Then
∞
2
(−1)k−1 2k P (k)H2k−1 + 20k 2 (6k − 1)/(2k − 1)


X
k
= 11ζ(3) (1.26)
(2k − 1)3 k 2 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k
and
∞ 2k 2
(−1)k−1 P (k)(2H6k−1 − H3k−1 + Hk−1 ) + 8k 2 86k−11



X k 2k−1
= 50ζ(3).
(2k − 1)3 k 2 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k
(1.27)

We are unable to prove the second author’s following conjectural identi-

ties:
∞
2 (2) (2)
X (−1)k 2k
k (P (k)(6H2k−1 − Hk−1 ) − 172k 2 (6k − 1)/(2k − 1)2 ) 11
3k

6k
= π4
(2k − 1)3 k 2 k 3k 60
k=1
(1.28)
and
∞
2 (3) (3)
X (−1)k 2kk (P (k)(7H2k−1 − Hk−1 ) − 136k 2 (6k − 1)/(2k − 1)3 )
(2k − 1)3 k 2 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k (1.29)
165 11 2
= ζ(5) − π ζ(3).
4 3
6 Q.-H. HOU AND Z.-W. SUN

[4, Example 25] has the equivalent form:

∞
X (−16)k (112k 3 − 116k 2 + 35k − 3) π2
= − . (1.30)
k 2 (2k − 1)(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k 6k



4
k=1 k 3k
Motivated by this and the spirit of Sun [13], we establish the following
theorem.
Theorem 1.12. Let P (k) = 112k 3 − 116k 2 + 35k − 3. Then
∞ (−16)k P (k)H (4k−1)(6k−1)(8k−3)

X 2k−1 − 4(2k−1) π2 7
3k 6k


= log 2 − ζ(3) (1.31)
2
k (2k − 1)(4k − 1)(4k − 3) k 3k 2 2
k=1
and
∞
(−16)k P (k)(2H6k−1 − H3k−1 − 3Hk−1 ) − 64k 2 + 46k − 17/2


X
2 (2k − 1)(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k 6k



k=1
k k 3k
= 7ζ(3) − 2π 2 log 2. (1.32)

We are unable to prove the second author’s following conjectural identity:

∞ 2 −2k−3)

X (−16)k P (k)(H2k−1 − 2Hk−1 ) − (4k−1)(64k 21
3k 6k


8k
= ζ(3) − π 2 log 2.
2
k (2k − 1)(4k − 1)(4k − 3) k 3k 4
k=1
(1.33)
[4, Example 72] has the equivalent form:
∞
X (3k − 1)4k 7
2k

2 = 4 ζ(3). (1.34)
3
k=1 (2k − 1)k k
Motivated by this and conjecture 4.1(i) of [13], we establish the following
theorem.
Theorem 1.13. We have
∞
4k π4
 
X 2k

2 (3k − 1)(2H 2k−1 − 3Hk−1 ) + = , (1.35)
3 2k 2k − 1 16
k=1 (2k − 1)k k
∞
X (3k − 1)4k  (2) (2)
 31
2 4H 2k−1 − 5H k−1 = 4 ζ(5), (1.36)
3 2k


k=1 (2k − 1)k k
and
∞
X (3k − 1)4k  (3) (3)
 49
2
8H2k−1 + 7Hk−1 = 4 ζ(3) . (1.37)
2k 2


(2k − 1)k 3
k=1 k

[4, Example 47] has the equivalent form:

∞
(22k 2 − 17k + 3)16k 4k


X
2k


= 2π.
3k 6k
(1.38)
k=1
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) k 3k
 TAYLOR COEFFICIENTS AND SERIES INVOLVING HARMONIC NUMBERS 7

Motivated by this and the spirit of Sun [13], we establish the following
theorem.
Theorem 1.14. Let Q(k) = (2k − 1)(11k − 3) = 22k 2 − 17k + 3. We have
∞
16k 4k



2k Q(k)Hk−1 + (6k − 1)(4k − 3)/(2k − 1)
X
3k 6k


= 16G − 4π log 2,
k=1
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) k 3k
(1.39)
∞ k 4k



2k Q(k)H2k−1 + (6k − 1)(k − 3)/(6k − 3)
X 16 4
3k 6k


= (8G − π log 2),
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) k 3k 3
k=1
(1.40)
and
∞
16k 4k 2 − 20k + 3)/(6k − 3)



X
2k Q(k)(2H 6k−1 − H3k−1 ) + 4(18k
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k
4
= (16G + π log 2). (1.41)
3

We are unable to prove the second author’s following conjectural identity:

∞ (2) (2)
16k 4k 3



X
2k Q(k)(H2k−1 − 16 Hk−1 ) − 3(6k − 1)/(4k − 2) π3
= . (1.42)
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k 6k



k 3k
12
k=1

[4, Example 14] has the equivalent form:

∞
(60k 2 − 43k + 8) 4k


X
2k π
= . (1.43)
2k 4 3


3
k (4k − 1) k
k=1

Motivated by this and the spirit of Sun [13], we establish the following
theorem.
Theorem 1.15. Let Q(k) = 60k 2 − 43k + 8. We have
∞ 4k


2k Q(k)(3H2k−1 − 2Hk−1 ) − 34k + 25/2
X

4 = 6ζ(3), (1.44)
(4k − 1)k 3 2k
k=1 k
∞ 4k
2


2k Q(k)H4k−1 − (304k − 216k + 39)/(4(4k − 1))
X

4 = 4ζ(3), (1.45)
k=1 (4k − 1)k 3 2k
k
∞ 4k

(2)

X
2k Q(k)Hk−1 + (44k − 15)/(4k) π4
4 = , (1.46)
(4k − 1)k 3 2k

90
k=1 k
and
∞ 4k

(2)

X
2k Q(k)H2k−1 + (52k − 21)/(4k) 2π 4

4 = . (1.47)
(4k − 1)k 3 2k 45
k=1 k
8 Q.-H. HOU AND Z.-W. SUN

We are unable to prove the second author’s following conjectural identi-

ties:
∞ 4k
(3) 2 2


X
2k Q(k)Hk−1 − (184k − 114k + 19)/(8k (2k − 1)) π2

4 = ζ(3)−5ζ(5),
(4k − 1)k 3 2k 3
k=1 k
(1.48)
∞ 4k

(3) 2 2


2k Q(k)H2k−1 − (584k − 390k + 65)/(8k (2k − 1))
X
= 30ζ(5)−2π 2 ζ(3),
2k 4


(4k − 1)k k3
k=1
(1.49)
and
∞ 4k
(4) (4) 2


X
2k Q(k)(2H2k−1 + Hk−1 ) − 25(252k − 631)/(504k ) 11π 6

4 = .
(4k − 1)k 3 2k 1890
k=1 k
(1.50)
Our method to prove the identities in our theorems is to extract the
multivariate Taylor coefficients of a hypergeometric identity. We will utilize
two types of identities.
In Section 2, we focus on identities constructed through the WZ method.
Recall that a WZ pair (F (n, k), G(n, k)) refers to a pair of hypergeometric
functions that satisfy
F (n + 1, k) − F (n, k) = F (n, k + 1) − F (n, k), ∀ n, k ∈ N.
It has been demonstrated in [1] that
∞
X n
X ∞
X k
X
F (0, k) − lim F (n, k) = G(n, 0) − lim G(n, k). (1.51)
n→∞ k→∞
k=0 k=0 n=0 n=0

In most cases, both limits vanish and F (n, k) and G(n, k) involve addi-
tional parameters. By comparing the Taylor expansions of these parame-
ters, we obtain identities that involve harmonic numbers. Following this
approach, Au [2] confirmed several conjectures made by the second author.
We will prove Theorems 1.1 and 1.2 in this way. It is worth noting that if
(F (n, k), G(n, k)) is a WZ pair, then so is (F (n + a, k + b), G(n + a, k + b)).
Consequently, any WZ pair can be generalized by introducing two extra
parameters a and b.
In Section 3, we focus on identities established from summation formulas
or transformation formulas of hypergeometric series. By applying differential
operations, one can derive identities that involve harmonic numbers. This
method has been explored by Chu and his coauthor [3, 7] and Wei [14, 15].
We emphasize that symbolic computation plays an important role in our
work. We use the Maple command coeftayl to extract the Taylor coef-
ficients, the Maple package APCI (which is available at the first author’s
homepage) to compute the WZ pair (F (n, k), G(n, k)) once F (n, k) is given,
 TAYLOR COEFFICIENTS AND SERIES INVOLVING HARMONIC NUMBERS 9

and the Mathematica package MultipleZetaValue developed by Au [2] to

evaluate series involving rational functions and harmonic numbers. We also
search for proper linear combinations of the coefficients by solving linear
equations.
Let us first introduce some notations. We use the standard notation of
raising factorial
(
a(a + 1) · · · (a + n − 1), if n > 0,
(a)n =
1, if n = 0.

We will use [xi y j ]f (x, y) to denote the Taylor coefficient of xi y j in f (x, y).
If there is no confusion, we write notions as a[x2 ] + b[xy] to denote the linear
combinations of these coefficients.

2. Identities from WZ pairs

Proof of Theorem 1.1. Let (F (n, k), G(n, k)) be the WZ pair given by
Pilehroods in [10]:
F (n, k) = (−1)n (n + 2k + 1)H(n, k),
18k 2 + 54kn + 45n2 + 36k + 63n + 22
G(n, k) = (−1)n H(n, k),
18(2n + 1)
where
(1/3)2k (2/3)2k (2/3)n (4/3)n n!2
H(n, k) =
.
(1/3)2n+k+1 (2/3)2n+k+1 2n n
For the WZ-pair (F (n, k + b), G(n, k + b)), we have
∞
X ∞
X
F (0, k + b) = G(n, b).
k=0 n=0

The Taylor coefficient [b1 ] at b = 0 of the right hand side is

∞
X (−27)n
2

((15n − 4)(3H3n−1 − Hn−1 ) − 9) .
3n 2n 2
n=1 n3 n n

While the Taylor coefficient [b1 ] at b = 0 of the left hand side is

∞  ∞
( k3 )

X 1 1 X
162 − = −162 .
(3k − 1)3 (3k − 2)3 k3
k=1 k=1

It is known that
∞
X (k) 3 4π 3
= √ .
k3 81 3
k=1
Therefore we obtain the desired (1.1).
10 Q.-H. HOU AND Z.-W. SUN

Proof of Theorem 1.2. Let

Γ(a + k + 1)Γ(b + k + 1)
H(a, b, c, d, k) = (−1)a+b
Γ(−a − b + c + d + 1))
Γ(−a + c + 1)Γ(−a + d + 1)Γ(−b + c + 1)Γ(−b + d + 1)
× . (2.52)
Γ(c + k + 2)Γ(d + k + 2)

(i) Au [2] showed that for

F (n, k) = H(a, b, c + n, d + n, k + n)

there exists a hypergeometric term G(n, k) such that (F (n, k), G(n, k)) forms
a WZ pair. One can compute the explicit G(n, k) by the Maple package APCI.
By the WZ pair

F̃ (n, k) = F (n, k)/F (0, 0), G̃(n, k) = G(n, k)/F (0, 0),

we derive from (1.51) that

∞ ∞
X (a + 1)k (b + 1)k X (a + 1)n (b + 1)n
= p1 (n)
(c + 2)k (d + 2)k (c + 2)2n+1 (d + 2)2n+1
k=0 n=0
(−a + c + 1)n (−a + d + 1)n (−b + c + 1)n (−b + d + 1)n
× , (2.53)
(−a − b + c + d + 1)2n+2
where p1 (n) is a polynomial in n with parameters a, b, c, d.
Now consider the Taylor expansion in a, b, c, d at a = b = c = d = 0. For
the left hand side of (2.53), we have
∞ (2) ∞ (2)
X Hk XH ζ(2)2 + ζ(4) π4
[ab] − 2[b2 ] = = k
− ζ(4) = − ζ(4) = .
(k + 1)2 k2 2 120
k=0 k=1

For the right hand side of (2.53), we have

∞ (2)
2
X (21n − 8)Hn−1 + 2/n
[ab] − 2[b ] = 3
3 .
n=1 n3 2n
n

Therefore, (1.2) follows immediately.

(ii) For
F (n, k) = H(a, b, c + n, d + n, k),
it is routine to compute G(n, k) such that (F (n, k), G(n, k)) forms a WZ
pair. By the WZ pair

F̃ (n, k) = F (n, k)/F (0, 0), G̃(n, k) = G(n, k)/F (0, 0),
 TAYLOR COEFFICIENTS AND SERIES INVOLVING HARMONIC NUMBERS 11

we derive from (1.51) that

∞
X (a + 1)k (b + 1)k
(c + 2)k (d + 2)k
k=0
∞
X (−a + c + 1)n (−a + d + 1)n (−b + c + 1)n (−b + d + 1)n
= p2 (n) ,
(c + 2)n (d + 2)n (−a − b + c + d + 1)2n+2
n=0
(2.54)
where p2 (n) is a polynomial in n with parameters a, b, c, d.
Now consider the Taylor expansion in a, b, c, d at a = b = c = d = −1/2.
For the left hand side of (2.54), we have
∞ (2) (2)
2
X 4H − H
2k k
[ab] − 2[b ] = .
(2k + 1)2
k=0

By MultipleZetaValues, we see that this sum is equal to π 4 /96.

For the right hand side of (2.54), we have
∞ (2)
1 X 2(3n − 1)Hn−1 + 1/n n
[ab] − 2[b2 ] =
3 16 .
4 n3 2n
n=1 n

Therefore, (1.3) follows immediately.

In view of the above, we have completed the proof of Theorem 1.2.

3. Hypergeometric identities

In this section, we use some hypergeometric identities to show the rest

theorems.
Proof of Theorem 1.3. (i) We quote Identity (3.3) from [16]:
∞  k
X −1 (c)k (d − c)k (e − d)k (1 − c)k (1 + c − d)k (1 + d − e)k βk (a, c, d, e)
1


2 k (1)k (1 + a − c)k (1 + a + c − d)k (1 + a + d − e)k (2 + a − e)k
4
k=0
Γ(1 + a − c)Γ(1 + a + c − d)Γ(1 + a + d − e)Γ(2 + a − e)
= , (3.55)
Γ(a)Γ(1 + a − d)Γ(1 + a + c − e)Γ(1 + a − c + d − e)
where

βk (a, c, d, e) = (1 + a − d + 2k)(a + d − e + k)
(1 − c + k)(1 + c − d + k)(e − d + k)
+ .
1 + 2k
Let us consider the Taylor expansion at (a, c, d, e) = (1/2, 1/2, 1, 3/2). By
searching the linear combination of all Taylor coefficients of order 4, we find
12 Q.-H. HOU AND Z.-W. SUN

that on the left hand side,

∞ 2k 5


3 2 2 1X 2 (4) (4)
8[de ] + 4[d e ] + [ade ] = k
(20k 2 + 8k + 1)(64H2k − 3Hk )
8 (−4096)k
k=1

While on the right hand side, it can be compute by Maple that

7 2
8[de3 ] + 4[d2 e2 ] + [ade2 ] = − π .
45
Therefore, (1.4) follows immediately.
(ii) We quote Identity (3.6) from [16]:
∞
X (a)k (b)k (c − b)k (d − c)k (1 − b)k (1 + b − c)k (1 + c − d)k
(−1)k
(1)2k (1 + a − b)2k (1 + a + b − c)2k (1 + a + c − d)2k
k=0
(1 + a − c)k (1 + a − b + c − d)k (1 + a + b − d)k
× θk (a, b, c, d)
(2 + a − d)2k
Γ(1 + a − b)Γ(1 + a + b − c)Γ(1 + a + c − d)Γ(2 + a − d)
= ,
Γ(1 + a)Γ(1 + a − c)Γ(1 + a − b + c − d)Γ(1 + a + b − d)
where
2k(1 + 2a − d + 3k) (a + k)(1 + a − c + k)
θk (a, b, c, d) = +
a a(1 + a − b + 2k)
(1 + a − b + c − d + k)(1 + a + b − d + k)(2 + a − b + c − d + 3k)
×
(1 + a + c − d + 2k)(2 + a − d + 2k)
(a + k)(c − b + k)(1 − b + k)(1 + c − d + k)
+
a(1 + 2k)(1 + a − b + 2k)(1 + a + b − c + 2k)
(1 + a − c + k)(1 + a − b + c − d + k)(1 + a + b − d + k)
× .
(1 + a + c − d + 2k)(2 + a − d + 2k)
Let us consider the Taylor expansion at (a, b, c, d) = (1/2, 1/2, 1, 3/2). By
investigating all Taylor coefficients of order 4, we find the following linear
combination
16[d4 ] + 12[cd3 ] + 4[c2 d2 ] + 8[ad3 ] + 4[acd2 ] + 4[a2 d2 ] + 2[a2 cd] + 2[a3 d] + [a4 ].
On the left hand side, the coefficient is
∞ 2k 5 


1 X k 2 (4) (4) 195
(820k + 180k + 13)(49H2k − 3Hk + 16) − .
64 (−220 )k (2k + 1)2
k=0

While on the right hand side, the coefficient is

14 2 32
− π + 2.
45 π
 TAYLOR COEFFICIENTS AND SERIES INVOLVING HARMONIC NUMBERS 13

Notice that Guillera have shown in [5] that

∞ 2k 5


X 128
k
(820k 2 + 180k + 13) = .
(−220 )k π2
k=0

Therefore, (1.4) follows immediately.

In view of the above, the proof of Theorem 1.3 is now complete.
Proof of Theorem 1.4. Setting e → −∞ in [4, Theorem 9], we get
∞
X (b)k (c)k (d)k
(−1)k (a + 2k)
(1 + a − b)k (1 + a − c)k (1 + a − d)k
k=0
∞
X αk (a; b, c, d) (c)k (d)k (1 + a − b − c)k (1 + a − b − d)k
= · , (3.56)
(1 + a − b)2k (1 + a − c)k (1 + a − d)k
k=0

where
a2 − ab + 4 ak − 2 bk − cd − ck − kd + 3 k 2 + a + 2 k
αk (a; b, c, d) =
1 + a − b + 2k
Let us consider the linear combination 2[a] + 2[b] + [d] of Taylor coefficients
at (a, b, c, d) = (1, 1, 1, 3/2). The coefficient of the right hand side of (3.56)
is
∞
1X 16k (6k − 1)
−
4k
(4H2k−1 − Hk−1 − 6).
8
k=1
(2k − 1)k 2 2k
k 2k

Recall the known identity (1.6). While the coefficient of the right hand side
is
∞
X k (6 k + 1)
2 (−1) 3
k=0
(1 + 2 k)

π3
By MultipleZetaValues, this sum reduces to 6G − 8 . Therefore, (1.7)
follows immediately.
Proof of Theorem 1.5. Recall that [4, Theorem 14]
∞
X (b)k (c)k (d)k (e)k
(a + 2k)
(1 + a − b)k (1 + a − c)k (1 + a − d)k (1 + a − e)k
k=0
∞
X (1 + a − b − d)2k
= βk (a; b, c, d, e)
(1 + a − ck (1 + a − e)k
k=0
(c)k (e)k (1 + a − b − c)k (1 + a − b − e)k (1 + a − c − d)k (1 + a − d − e)k
× ,
(1 + a − b)2k (1 + a − d)2k (1 + 2a − b − c − d − e)2k
(3.57)
14 Q.-H. HOU AND Z.-W. SUN

where

(1 + 2a − b − c − d + 3k)(a − e + k)
βk (a; b, c, d, e) = + (e + k)(1 + a − b − c + k)
1 + 2a − b − c − d − e + 2k
(1 + a − b − d + 2k)(1 + a − c − d + k)(2 + 2a − b − d − e + 3k)
× .
(1 + a − b + 2k)(1 + a − d + 2k)(1 + 2a − b − c − d − e + 2k)2

Let us consider the Taylor expansion at (a, b, c, d, e) = (2, 1, 1, 1, 1). By

investigating all Taylor coefficients of order 3, we find the following linear
combination

[a3 ] + [a2 d] + 2[a2 e] + [abd] + [ace] − [ad2 ] + 2[ade] + 2[ae2 ] + [bd2 ] + 2[bde]
+ [cde] + 2[ce2 ] − 2[d3 ] − 2[d2 e] + 2[de2 ] + 2[e3 ].

The coefficient of the right hand side of (3.57) is

∞  
1 X 1 8(30k − 11) (3) (3) 27

2 (H2k−1 + 2Hk−1 ) + 4 .
16 k 2 2k k(2k − 1) k
k=1 k

While the coefficient of the right hand side is

∞


1X −8 k 3 − 24 k 2 − 24 k − 8 Hk3 −12 k 3 − 30 k 2 − 24 k − 6 Hk2
− 6 + 6
3 (1 + k) (1 + k)
k=0

(2)
−12 k 3 − 30 k 2 − 18 k 12 k 3 + 36 k 2 + 36 k + 12 Hk Hk
+ 6 Hk + 6
(1 + k) (1 + k)

(2)
(3) !
6 k 3 + 15 k 2 + 12 k + 3 Hk −4 k 3 − 12 k 2 − 12 k − 4 Hk 3 k2 + 9 k
+ 6 + 6 + 6 .
(1 + k) (1 + k) (1 + k)

By MultipleZetaValues, this sum reduces to 2ζ(3)2 . Therefore, (1.9) fol-

lows immediately.
Proof of Theorem 1.6. Recall that [4, Theorem 18]

∞
X (b)k (c)k (d)k (e)k
(a + 2k)
(1 + a − b)k (1 + a − c)k (1 + a − d)k (1 + a − e)k
k=0
∞
X (−1)k (c)k (d)k (1 + a − b − e)k (1 + a − c − d)k
= γk (a; b, c, d, e)
(1 + a − b)3k (1 + a − e)k
k=0
(e)2k (1 + a − b − c)2k (1 + a − b − d)2k
× , (3.58)
(1 + a − c, 1 + a − d)2k (1 + 2a − b − c − d − e)2k
 TAYLOR COEFFICIENTS AND SERIES INVOLVING HARMONIC NUMBERS 15

where
(1 + 2a − b − c − d + 4k)(a − e + k) (1 + a − b − c + 2k)
γk (a; b, c, d, e) = +
1 + 2a − b − c − d − e + 2k (1 + a − b + 3k)
(e + 2k)(1 + a − b − d + 2k)(1 + a − c − d + k)(2 + 2a − b − d − e + 3k)
×
(1 + a − d + 2k)(1 + 2a − b − c − d − e + 2k)2
.
(c + k)(e + 2k)(1 + a − b − c + 2k)(1 + a − b − e + k)(1 + a − c − d + k)
+
(1 + a − c + 2k)(1 + a − d + 2k)
(1 + a − b − d + 2k)2
×
(1 + a − b + 3k)2 (1 + 2a − b − c − d − e + 2k)2

To prove the first identity, we consider Taylor expansion at (a, b, c, d, e) =

(2, 1, 1, 1, 1) and the linear combination
2[a] + 2[b] + [e].
The value for the right hand side of (3.58) is
∞
(−1)k−1 56k 2 − 32k + 5 280 k 3 − 168 k 2 + 33 k − 2
X  


−2 H2k−1 + 2 .
k 3 2k 3k (2k − 1)2 2k (2 k − 1)
k=1 k k

Notice that
280 k 3 − 168 k 2 + 33 k − 2 6(56 k 2 − 32 k + 5)
 
5 1
2 = − .
2k (2 k − 1) 12 (2 k − 1)2 k
The value for the left hand side of (3.58) is
∞  
X Hk 5k + 1
−4 +2 ,
k=0
(1 + k)3 (1 + k)4

which can be evaluated by MultipleZetaValues. Its value is −π 4 /10 +

10ζ(3). Recall the known identity (1.10), we derive (1.11).
We also utilize Equation (3.58) and consider the Taylor expansion at
(a, b, c, d, e) = (2, 1, 1, 1, 1). This time, we consider the linear combination
115 80
21[a] + 19[b] + [d] + [e].
3 3
The coefficient of the right hand side of (3.58) simplifies to the left hand of
(1.12). While the coefficient of the left hand side of (3.58) becomes
∞  
X 168Hk 21
+ ,
(k + 1)3 (k + 1)4
k=0

which equals 7π 4 /10 by MultipleZetaValues. This completes the proof of

(1.12).
Proof of Theorem 1.6. To prove the first identity, we investigate the Taylor
expansion at (a, b, c, d, e) = (2, 1, 1, 1, 3/2) and the linear combination [a] +
16 Q.-H. HOU AND Z.-W. SUN

[b] + [d]. The value for the right hand side of (3.58) is
∞
(−1)k 1 336k 3 − 160k 2 + 16k − 1
 
X 7k − 2


8 (2H2k−1 − Hk−1 ) − .
k 2 2k 3k 2k − 1 2 k(2k − 1)2
k=1 k k

Notice that
1 336k 3 − 160k 2 + 16k − 1
−
2 k(2k − 1)2
1 −6(56 k 2 − 32 k + 5) −6(7 k − 2) 8
= · 2 +2· +
4 k (2 k − 1) 2k − 1 k
In addition to (1.10), we also have (1.13). While the value for the left hand
side of (3.58) is
∞ 
12 k 2 + 12 k + 1

X Hk H2k
4 −4 + .
k=0
(1 + k)2 (1 + k)2 (1 + 2 k) (1 + k)3

By MultipleZetaValues, this sum reduces to π 2 −6ζ(3)2 . Therefore, (1.14)

follows immediately.
Finally, we consider the Taylor expansion at (a, b, c, d, e) = (2, 1, 1, 1, 3/2)
and the linear combination
[e2 ] − 2[de] − 8[d2 ] + 6[cd].
The value for the right hand side of (3.58) is
∞ (2)
!
X (−1)k (7 k − 2) Hk−1 336 k 4 − 320 k 3 + 56 k 2 + 19 k − 6
−8 − .
2k 3k 2k − 1 k 2 (2 k − 1)2



k=1
k2 k k

Notice that
336 k 4 − 320 k 3 + 56 k 2 + 19 k − 6
−
k 2 (2 k − 1)2
1 −6(56 k 2 − 32 k + 5) −6(7 k − 2) 6
=− · 2 +4· + 2.
6 k (2 k − 1) 2k − 1 k
While the value for the left hand side of (3.58) is
∞
(4 k 2 + 6 k + 2)H2k − 2 k 2 − 3 k Hk


X Hk2 2
H2k
36 − 24 + 16
k=0
(1 + k)2 (1 + 2 k) (1 + k)3 (1 + k)2

!
(3 + 2 k) kH2k k 12 k 3 + 36 k 2 + 27 k + 4
−16 +4 .
(1 + 2 k) (1 + k)3 (1 + 2 k)2 (1 + k)4
π4
By MultipleZetaValues, this sum reduces to 2π 2 − 90 − 4ζ(3). Therefore,
(1.15) follows immediately.
 TAYLOR COEFFICIENTS AND SERIES INVOLVING HARMONIC NUMBERS 17

Proof of Theorem 1.8. Let us consider the Taylor expansion at (a, b, c, d, e) =

(1, 21 , 12 , 21 , 21 ) and the linear combination

−32[a] − 48[b] − 16[e].

The coefficient of the right hand side of (3.58) is

∞
(−16)k (20k 2 − 8k + 1)(2H4k−1 − 9H2k−1 ) + 160k 2 − 72k + 8


X
2 k 3 2k 4k



k=1
(2k − 1) k 2k
∞ k 2
X (−16) (20k − 8k + 1)(2H4k−1 − 9H2k−1 ) − 8k


=
2 k 3 2k 4k



k=1
(2k − 1) k 2k
∞
X (−16)k (20k 2 − 8k + 1)
+8
4k
.
k=1
(2k − 1)2 k 3 2k
k 2k

Recall the known identity (1.16). While the coefficient of the left hand of
(3.58) simplifies to
∞
X 8k + 1
−32 ,
(2k + 1)4
k=0

which equals π 4 − 112ζ(3) by MultipleZetaValues. This completes the

proof of (1.17).
Proof of Theorem 1.9. Let us recall the transformation [4, Theorem 24]
∞
X (b)k (c)k (d)k (e)k
(a + 2k)
(1 + a − b)k (1 + a − c)k (1 + a − d)k (1 + a − e)k
k=0
∞
X (−1)k (c)k (1 + a − b − d)k (1 + a − b − e)k
= µk (a; b, c, d, e)
(1 + a − b)3k (d + e − a)k (1 + a − d)k (1 + a − e)k
k=0
(d)2k (e)2k (1 + a − b − c)2k
× , (3.59)
(1 + 2a − b − c − d − e)k (1 + a − c)2k
where
(1 + 2a − b − c − d + 3k)(a − e + k)
µk (a; b, c, d, e) =
1 + 2a − b − c − d − e + k
(e + 2k)(1 + a − b − c + 2k)(1 + a − b − d + k)
+
(1 + a − b + 3k)(1 + 2a − b − c − d − e + k)
(c + k)(d + 2k)(e + 2k)(1 + a − b − c + 2k)(1 + a − b − d + k)(1 + a − b − e + k)
+ .
(d + e − a + k)(1 + a − c + 2k)(1 + 2a − b − c − d − e + k)(1 + a − b + 3k)2

Firstly, we consider the Taylor expansion at (a, b, c, d, e) = (3/2, 1, −∞, 1, 1)

and the linear combination

128[a] + 768[b] − 768[d].

18 Q.-H. HOU AND Z.-W. SUN

The coefficient of the left hand of (3.59) is

∞
256k (22k − 1)H(k) + 132k − 56


X
(2k − 1)k 2 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k
∞ ∞
256k (22k − 1)H(k) − 50


X X 256k (22k − 1)
= + 6
6k
.
(2k − 1)k 2 3k 6k
(2k − 1)k 2 3k



k=1 k 3k k=1 k 3k

Recall the known identity (1.18). Denote the series on the left hand side of
(3.59) by Ω(a; b, c, d, e). We have the transformation formula [4, Theorem
5]:

Ω(a; b, c, d, e) =
a−c
Ω(1+2a−b−d−e; 1+a−b−e, 1+a−b−d, 1+a−d−e, c).
1 + 2a − b − c − d − e
(3.60)
The coefficient of the right hand of (3.60) is
∞
X 6k + 1
256 (−1)k ,
(2k + 1)3
k=0

which equals 768G − 16π 3 by MultipleZetaValues. This completes the

proof of (1.19).
Proof of Theorem 1.10. We use (3.59) and fix the Taylor expansion at
(a, b, c, d, e) = ( 32 , 1, 21 , 1, 1). The first combination we consider is
−128([a] + [b] + [c] + 2[e]).
The coefficient of the right hand side of (3.59) is the same as the left hand
side of (1.21). By aid of the transform (3.60) once again, we find that the
coefficient of the left hand side of (3.59) is
∞
X 1
−768 .
(2k + 1)4
k=0

By MultipleZetaValues, it equals −8π 4 . This completes the proof of

(1.21).
The second combination we consider is
−128(4[a] + 5[b] + 4[c] + 7[e]).
By a similar argument as before, we find that the series on the left hand
side of (1.22) is equal to
∞
X 1
−3072 ,
(2k + 1)4
k=0

which completes the proof of (1.22).

 TAYLOR COEFFICIENTS AND SERIES INVOLVING HARMONIC NUMBERS 19

The third combination we consider is

128([a2 ] + [ab] + [ac] + [ae] + [b2 ] + [bc] + [be] + [c2 ] + [ce] + [e2 ]).
By a similar argument as before, we find that the series on the left hand
side of (1.23) is equal to
∞
X 1
1024 ,
(2k + 1)5
k=0
which equals 992ζ(5), completing the proof of (1.23).
Finally, we consider the combination
−128 [a3 ]+[a2 b]+[a2 c]+[a2 e]+[ab2 ]+[abc]+[abe]+[ac2 ]+[ace]+[ade]−[ae2 ]+[b3 ]
+[b2 c]+[b2 e]+[bc2 ]+[bce]+[bde]−[be2 ]+[c3 ]+[c2 e]+[cde]−[ce2 ]+[de2 ]−2[e3 ] .

By a similar argument as before, we find that the series on the left hand
side of (1.24) is equal to
∞ (3) (3) ∞
X 8H − H2k k
X 1
−512 + 2048 ,
(2k + 1)3 (2k + 1)6
k=0 k=0
which equals −1568ζ(3)2 , completing the proof of (1.24).
Proof of Theorem 1.11. We utilize the transformation (3.58) and consider
the Taylor expansion at (a, b, c, d, e) = ( 32 , 1, 12 , 12 , 1).
The first combination is
8[a] + 8[b] + 6[d] + 11[e].
We find that the series on the left hand side of (1.26) equals
∞ 
9 (4k + 3)(2H2k − Hk ) 16k 3 + 24k 2 + 21k + 8

X 9 (4k + 3)Hk
+ + .
2 (2k + 1)2 (k + 1)2 2 (2k + 1)2 (k + 1)2 (2k + 1)3 (k + 1)3
k=0
By MultipleZetaValue, it equals 11ζ(3), completing the proof of (1.26).
The second combination is
36[a] + 40[b] + 28[d] + 46[e].
We find that the series on the left hand side of (1.27) equals
∞ 
21(4k + 3)(2H2k − Hk ) 2(32k 3 + 48k 2 + 45k + 18)

X 21(4k + 3)Hk
+ + .
(2k + 1)2 (k + 1)2 (2k + 1)2 (k + 1)2 (2k + 1)3 (k + 1)3
k=0
By MultipleZetaValue, it equals 50ζ(3), completing the proof of (1.27).
Proof of Theorem 1.12. We utilize the transformation (3.58) and consider
the Taylor expansion at (a, b, c, d, e) = (1, 1/2, 1, 1/2, 1/2).
The first combination is
−[c] + [d] − [e].
20 Q.-H. HOU AND Z.-W. SUN

The coefficient of the right hand side of (3.58) is exactly the same as the
left hand side of (1.31). While coefficient of the left hand sider of (3.58) is
∞
X Hk
−2 ,
(2k + 1)2
k=0
π2
which equals 2 log 2 − 72 ζ(3) by MultipleZetaValue. This proves (1.31).
The second combination is
−2[b] + 2[c]
The coefficient of the right hand side of (3.58) is
∞
(−16)k P (k)(2H6k−1 − H3k−1 − 3Hk−1 ) − 224k 3 + 168k 2 − 24k − 5/2


X
k 2 (2k − 1)(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k
∞
X (−16) P (k)(2H6k−1 − H3k−1 − 3Hk−1 ) − 64k 2 + 46k − 17/2
k


=
2 (2k − 1)(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k 6k



k=1
k k 3k
∞
X (−16)k P (k)
−2 3k

6k


k=1
k 2 (2k − 1)(4k − 1)(4k − 3) k 3k

While coefficient of the left hand sider of (3.58) is

∞  
X 4Hk 4(2H2k − Hk ) 8k
− + ,
(1 + 2k)2 (1 + 2k)2 (1 + 2k)3
k=0

which equals π 2 /2 − 2π 2 log(2) + 7ζ(3) by MultipleZetaValue. Noting the

formula (1.30), we derive (1.32).
Proof of Theorem 1.13. We utilize (3.57) and consider the Taylor expansion
at (a, b, c, d, e) = (3/2, 1, 1, 1, 1/2).
The first combination is
[a] + [c] + 2[d] + [e].
The coefficient of the right hand side of (3.57) is
∞
X ∞
X
(a2k−1 + a2k ) = ak ,
k=1 k=1

where ak is the summand of the left hand side of (1.35). By the transfor-
mation (3.60), the coefficient of the left hand side of (3.57) is
∞
X 6 π4
= ,
(2k + 1)4 16
k=0

completing the proof of (1.35).

 TAYLOR COEFFICIENTS AND SERIES INVOLVING HARMONIC NUMBERS 21

The second combination is

[a2 ] + [ac] + [ad] + [ae] + [c2 ] + [cd] + [ce] + [d2 ] + [de] + [e2 ].

The coefficient of the right hand side of (3.57) is

∞
X ∞
X
(a2k−1 + a2k ) = ak ,
k=1 k=1

where ak is the summand of the left hand side of (1.36). By the transfor-
mation (3.60), the coefficient of the left hand side of (3.57) is

∞
X 8 31
= ζ(5),
(2k + 1)5 4
k=0

completing the proof of (1.36).

The third combination is

[a3 ]+[a2 c]+[a2 d]+[a2 e]+[abd]+[ac2 ]+[acd]+[ace]−[ad2 ]+[ade]+[ae2 ]+[bcd]

+[bd2 ]+[bde]+[c3 ]+[c2 d]+[c2 e]−[cd2 ]+[cde]+[ce2 ]−2[d3 ]−[d2 e]+[de2 ]+[e3 ].

The coefficient of the right hand side of (3.57) is

∞
X ∞
X
(a2k−1 + a2k ) = ak ,
k=1 k=1

where ak is the summand of the left hand side of (1.37). By the transfor-
mation (3.60), the coefficient of the left hand side of (3.57) is

∞ (3) (3)
!
X 4(8H2k − Hk ) 16 49
3
+ = ζ(3)2 ,
(2k + 1) (2k + 1)6 4
k=0

completing the proof of (1.37).

Proof of Theorem 1.14. We utilize (3.59) and consider the Taylor expansion
at (a, b, c, d, e) = (1, 1/2, −∞, 1/2, 1).
The first combination is

−8([a] + [b]).
22 Q.-H. HOU AND Z.-W. SUN

The coefficient of the right hand side of (3.59) is

∞
16k 4k 3 2



2k Q(k)Hk−1 − (88k − 136k + 68k − 9)/(2k − 1)
X
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k
∞ k 4k



X 16 2k Q(k)Hk−1 + (6k − 1)(4k − 3)/(2k − 1)
=
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k
∞ k 4k


X 16 2k Q(k)
−2
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k
∞ k 4k



2k Q(k)Hk−1 + (6k − 1)(4k − 3)/(2k − 1)
X 16
= 3k 6k


− 4π.
k=1
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) k 3k

The coefficient of the left hand side of (3.59) is

∞ 
8(−1)k Hk 8(−1)k (4k + 1)
X 
− = 16G − 4π − 4π log 2,
2k + 1 (2k + 1)2
k=0

completing the proof of (1.39).

The second combination is
−8([a] + [b] − [d]/3).
The coefficient of the right hand side of (3.59) is
∞
16k 4k 3 − 342k 2 + 157k − 21)/(6k − 3)



X
2k Q(k)H k−1 − (264k
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k
∞ k 4k



X 16 2k Q(k)Hk−1 + (6k − 1)(k − 3)/(6k − 3)
=
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k
∞ k 4k


X 16 2k Q(k)
−2 3k 6k



k=1
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) k 3k
∞ k 4k



2k Q(k)Hk−1 + (6k − 1)(4k − 3)/(2k − 1)
X 16
= 3k 6k


− 4π.
k=1
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) k 3k

The coefficient of the left hand side of (3.59) is

∞ 
8(−1)k Hk 8(−1)k (4k + 1)

X 32 4
− 2
= G − 4π − π log 2.
3(2k + 1) (2k + 1) 4 3
k=0

completing the proof of (1.40).

The third combination is
−8(2[a] + [b] + 2[d]/3).
 TAYLOR COEFFICIENTS AND SERIES INVOLVING HARMONIC NUMBERS 23

∞ 4k
16k Q(k)Hk−1 − 2(396k 3 − 540k 2 + 247k − 33)/(6k − 3)



X
2k
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k
∞ k 4k

2


2k Q(k)Hk−1 + 4(18k − 20k + 3)/(6k − 3)
X 16
= 3k 6k



k=1
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) k 3k
∞ k 4k


X 16 2k Q(k)
−6
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k
∞ k 4k



X 16 2k Q(k)Hk−1 + (6k − 1)(4k − 3)/(2k − 1)
= − 12π.
k(4k − 1)(4k − 3) 3k

6k

k=1 k 3k

The coefficient of the left hand side of (3.59) is

∞ 
(−1)k (32H2k − 32Hk /3) 16(−1)k (1 + 6k)

X 64 4
− 2
= G−12π + π log 2.
2k + 1 (2k + 1) 4 3
k=0
completing the proof of (1.41).
Proof of Theorem 1.15. We utilize (3.57) and consider the Taylor expansion
at (a, b, c, d, e) = (3/2, 1/2, 1, 1/2, 1). Since the proof is similar to that of
Theorem 1.14, we only list the combinations.
For (1.44), the combination is
4[a] + 4[d] + 10[e].
For (1.45), the combination is
3[a] + 2[d] + 7[e].
For (1.46), the combination is
−8[a2 ] − 8[ad] − 16[ae] − 6[bd] − 17[ce]/2 + 4[d2 ] − 16[de] − 15[e2 ].
For (1.46), the combination is
2[a2 ] + 2[ad] + 4[ae] + 4[bd] + [ce] − 6[d2 ] + 4[de] + 6[e2 ].

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School of Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Repub-

lic of China

Email address: qh hou@tju.edu.cn

Homepage: http://faculty.tju.edu.cn/HouQinghu/en/index.htm

Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s

Republic of China

Email address: zwsun@nju.edu.cn

Homepage: http://maths.nju.edu.cn/~zwsun