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Leaching
Leaching is widely used in the biological and food processing industries, such
as the separation of sugar from sugar beets with hot water.
The extraction of oils from peanuts, soybeans, sunflower seeds, cotton seeds,
and halibut livers.
In pharmaceutical industry, many products are obtained by leaching plant
roots, leaves, and stems.
In the metals processing industry, leaching is used to remove the metals from
their ores, which contains many undesirable constituents, as solute salts.
In gold leaching, gold is leached from its ore using an aqueous sodium cyanide
solution.
Shank System
Kennedy extractor
Continuous Countercurrent Decantation
Bollman extractor
Rotocell extractor
Kennedy Extractor
Kennedy extractor
As the solids and solvent flow co-currently down the right hand
side of the machine, the solvent extracts more oil.
Simultaneously the fine solids are filtered out of the solvent, so
that the clean full miscella can be pumped from the outlet
provided at the right hand bottom.
Then as these partially extracted solids rise through the left hand
side of the machine a stream of pure solvent is sprayed on them to
obtain a dilute solution of the oil (half miscella) at the bottom of
the chamber.
Continue…
L0 V2 L1 V1 M Totalsolution balance
L0 y A0 V2 x A2 L1 y A1 V1 x A1 MxAM Comp. A balance
B N 0 L0 0 N1 L1 0 N M M Solid balance
Multi – stage counter
current Leaching
Process flow
The solvent (C) – solute (A) phase or V phase is the liquid phase that overflows
continuously from stage to stage countercurrently to the solid phase, and it
dissolves solute as it moves along.
The slurry phase L composed of inert solid (B) and liquid phase of A and C is the
continuous underflow from each stage.
Composition of V – denoted by x
Composition of L – denoted by y
Assumption: The solid B is insoluble and is not lost in the liquid V phase.
B N 0 L0 N N LN N M M Solid balance