Answer Key ITF PDF

Solution Slot – 1 (Mathematics) Page # 1
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION

EXERCISE – I HINTS & SOLUTIONS
Sol.1 D
1 1
−1 −1 −1
let tan–1 = θ ⇒ tan θ = 5
f(x) = cos x + cot x + cos ec x 2 2 1
↓ ↓ ↓ θ
[ −1,1] R | x|≥1 2
cos θ = 2
5
∩
x ∈ {–1, 1} Sol.6 D
Sol.2 D  3  2 
y = tan sin−1  + tan −1 
f(x) = cosec–1 (cos x) for all x ∈ R   5   3 
nπ
↓
–1 to 1 –1 1 3 3
since curve of cosec–1 x Let θ = sin–1 ⇒ sin θ =
5 5
takes value for x ≤ –1 or x ≥ 1 5
3 3
so x ∈ nπ → (multiple of π) tan θ =
4 θ
Sol.3 C 4
f(x) = sin–1 x + tan–1 x + sec–1 x 3 3
so sin–1   = tan–1  
↓ ↓ ↓  
5 4
[–1, 1] R |x| ≥ 1
Df : x ∈ {–1, 1}  3  2 
so y = tan tan−1  + tan −1  
so Rf = {f(–1), f(1)}  4  3 
−π −π π
f(–1) = +π =   3    2 
2 4 4 tan tan −1   + tantan −1 
  4    3 
π π 3π y=
f(1) = + =   3    2 
2 4 4 1 − tan tan −1   . tan tan −1  
  
4   3 
 π 3π 
so Rf :  , 
4 4  3 2
+
4 3 9+8 17
y= 3 2 = 6 = 6
Sol.4 D 1− .
x ≥ 0, θ = sin–1 x + cos–1 x – tan–1 x 4 3
↓ ↓ ↓
[–1,1] [–1,1] x∈ R Sol.7 A
but x ≥ 0 so, x ∈ [0, 1] n
θ=
π
– tan–1 x
∑ cos−1 αi = 0
2 i =1
cos–1 α1 + cos–1 α2 +.......+ cos–1 αn

π π
Rθ :  θ , θ x =0  = ≤ x ≤

so, cos–1 α1 is always true
 x =1 4 2
π
Sol.5 B
π/2
y = cos  tan−1{sin(cot −1 3 )} 
 
–1 1
   π     1  0
y = cos tan −1sin  = cos tan−1  
   6    2  so cos–1 α1 = cos–1 α2 =.....= cos–1 αn = 0
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Page # 2 Solution Slot – 1 (Mathematics)
⇒ cos–1 α1 = 0 ⇒ α1 = 1 only.
cos–1 α2 = 0 ⇒ α2 = 1
π
4 + 2a + =0
2
cos–1 αn = 0 ⇒ αn = 1
π
m 2a = – 4 –
∴ ∑ αi =n
2
i =1 π
a=–2–
4
Sol.8 C
Sol.11 C
π 1 −1   π cos −1 x  [cot–1 x] [cos–1 x] = 0
tan  + cos x  + tan  −  +
 4 2  4 2  π) [0, π]
 ( 0 ,
Let cos–1 x = θ ⇒ x = cos θ
π θ π θ 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
tan  +  + tan  −  so, 0 < cot–1 x < 1 & 0 ≤ cos–1 x < 1
 4 2   4 2 cot 1 < x < ∞ & cos 1 < x ≤ 1
2 2
 θ  θ
1 + tan  + 1 − tan 
 2  2 cos 1 cot 1 1
⇒
2θ so, x ∈ (cot 1, 1]
1 − tan
2
Sol.12 A
 θ 8
2  sec 2  1 −1 1   63
 2 2 y = cos  cos   
⇒ = 2  8  θ
 θ
2   2 θ θ
 1 − tan 2   cos − sin2  1
   2 2 
1 1
Let, cos–1 = θ ⇒ cos θ =
8 8
2 2
⇒ =
cos θ x θ 1 + cos θ
cos =
2 2
Sol.9 B
1
n π 1+
cot –1   > , n∈N θ 8 9 3
π
  6 cos = ⇒ =
2 2 16 4
n π
< cot ⇒ n< 3 –π   1 
π 6  cos−1   
θ  8− 3
⇒ n< 3 × 3.14 ⇒ n=5 & cos = cos   4
2 2
 
 
Sol.10 D
x2 + ax + sin–1 (x2 – 4x + 5) + cos–1 (x2 – 4x + 5) = 0
consider (x2 – 4x + 5) let it be equal to h(x), i.e., Sol.13 D
h(x) = x2 – 4x + 5 y = sin–1 [cos {cos–1 (cos x) + sin–1 (sin x)}]
D = 16 – 20 < 0
π  π
D 4 given x ∈  , π ⇒ < x< π
Min value = – = =1 2  2
4a 4.1
Now cos–1 (cos x) = x
Means (x2 – 4x + 5) ≥ 1
but sin x & cos–1x are N.D. for x > 1
–1
so, the whole equation is satisfied for x = 2
A
 a b  c
 +  b
b+c c+a 
x
y= tan –1  
1 − a .b  B C
a
0 π  (b + c ) (c + a)  a2 + b2 = c2
 ac + a 2 + b 2 + bc 
π –x tan–1  
π/ 2 0 π  bc + ab + c 2 − ab + ac 
sin–1 (sin x) = π – x π
2
 c (a + b + c )  π
⇒ tan–1   ⇒
 c ( a + b + c )  4
so, y = sin–1 [cos{x + π – x}]
π Sol.18 D
y = sin–1 (cos π) ⇒ sin–1 (–1) ⇒ –
2  x2 + 1 − 1
–1
  π
tan   = 45 º
Sol.14 B x
 
2π
Given, sin–1 x + sin–1 y = ,  π π
3 put x = tan θ ⇒ θ = tan–1 x, θ ∈  − , 
 2 2
π π 2π
– cos–1 x + – cos–1 y =
2 2 3  | sec θ | −1  π
tan–1   = 45 º
 tan θ 
2π π
cos–1 x + cos–1y = π – =
3 3
 π π
(but sec θ is +ve for  − ,  )
 2 2
Sol.15 B
1  1 − cos θ  π
If x < 0, tan–1 x + tan–1 tan–1   =
x  sin θ  45º
 1   θ π
 x+   2x + 1  tan–1  tan  =
 x     2 45º
y = tan–1 ⇒ tan–1
 1− x. 1   0 
  π π
 x
Now, – <θ<
2 2
If x is less than zero then
π  π θ π
y = – tan–1 (∞) ⇒ – − < < 
2  4 2 4
θ π π
Sol.16 C = ⇒ tan–1 x = 2 × = 8º
2 45 º 45 º
tan–1 a + tan–1 b, a > 0, b > 0, ab > 1
x = tan 8º
 a+b 
= π + tan–1  
 1 − ab  Sol.19 B
 1 − sin x + 1 + sin x 
Sol.17 A y = cot–1  

 1 − sin x − 1 + sin x 
 a   b 
tan–1   + tan–1   if ∠C = 90º
π
b+c  c +a given < x< π
2
 x x x x   π
 sin − cos + sin + cos  so,  0, 
 2 2 2 2   4
y = cot–1  x x x x 
 sin 2 − cos 2 − sin 2 + cos 2  Sol.21 A
 
[cot–1 x]2 – 6[cot–1 x] + 9 ≤ 0
π π x π let [cot–1 x] = t
⇒ Now if < x< π ⇒ < < t2 – 6t + 9 ≤ 0 ⇒ (t – 3)2 ≤ 0
2 4 2 2
t – 3 = 0 ⇒ [cot–1 x] = 3
x x 3 ≤ cot–1 x < π
Now sin > cos so, modulus will open directly
2 2 cot π < x ≤ cot 3
x ∈ R (–∞, cot 3]
 x 
 2 sin   x Sol.22 B
− 2  = cot–1  − tan 
y = cot–1
 2 cos x   2
  1  3 sin 2θ  π
 2 sin–1   =
2  5 + 4 cos 2θ  4
x π x 3 sin 2θ
y = π – cot–1(tan ) ⇒ π – cot–1 cot  −  ⇒ =1
2 2 2 5 + 4 cos 2θ
π x π x 6 tan θ
y=π– + = + ⇒ =1
2 2 2 2 tan2 θ + 9
⇒ tan2 θ – 6 tan θ + 9 = 0
Sol.20 B ⇒ (tan θ – 3)2 = 0
 1− x  tan θ = 3
y = tan–1  ,0 ≤ x≤ 1
 1+ x 
Sol.23 C
put x = cos θ ⇒ θ = cos–1 x θ ∈ [0, π]
 2 
 1 − cos θ  x x2  x
 = tan–1  tan θ  cos–1  + 1 − x2 1 −  = cos–1 – cos–1x
y = tan –1
 1 + cos θ   2  2 4 

2
here given, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 The above holds iff

0 ≤ cos θ ≤ 1
x
π 1≥x≥ 0 & 1≥ ≥0
0<θ≤ 2
2
0≤x≤ 1 & 0≤x≤ 2
comes in PVR of θ = cos–1 x
θ π ∩
0< ≤
2 4 0≤ x≤ 1
θ cos −1 x Sol.24 C
so, y = =
2 2
3π
cos–1 p + cos–1 1− p + cos–1 1− q =
θ 4
Now ymin = =0
2 θ=0 3π
cos–1( p 1− p – 1− p p )+cos–1 1 − q =
4
θ π
ymax = = 3π
2 θ= π 4 cos–1 0 + cos–1 1− q =
2 4
π 1
cos–1 1− q = ⇒ 1–q=
4 2
1 3
⇒ q= ⇒ x= hence unique solution
2 4
so, 0≤ p ≤1 & 0≤ 1− p ≤ 1
Sol.28 C
0≤p≤1 & 0≤1–p≤1
–1 ≤ –p ≤ 0 ⇒ 0  π  3 π
 
≤p≤1 sin–1  tan  – sin–1  x – 6 =0
 4   
Sol.25 A  3
π  
– sin–1  x =0
Sol.26 A
3  
u = cot–1 tan α – tan–1 tan α 3 3 3 3

= ⇒ =
x 2 x 4
π u
then, tan  −  = ? ⇒ x= 4
 4 2
π Sol.29 D
u= – 2 tan–1 ( tan α )
2  2
2 sin–1 x = sin–1  2 x 1 − x 
 
π u π π −1 
Now tan  −  = tan  − + tan tan α 
Let x = sin θ
 4 2 4 4 
2 sin–1 (sin θ) = sin–1 (sin 2θ)
⇒ tan α 2θ = sin–1 (sin 2θ), possible if
π π
Sol.27 B – ≤ 2θ ≤
2 2
 3 π π
sin–1 x – cos–1 x = cos–1  
 – ≤θ≤
 2  4 4
π π
 3 – ≤ sin–1 x ≤
π   4 4
– cos–1 x – cos–1 x = cos–1  2 
2  
1 1
– ≤ x≤
 3 2 2
–1
π  
2 cos x = – cos–1  2 
2  
Sol.30 B
sin–1 x + cos–1 (1 – x) = sin–1 (–x)
 3
  2 sin–1 x = – cos–1 (1 – x)
2 cos–1 x = sin–1  2 
  cos(2 sin–1 x) = cos(cos–1 (1 – x))
1 – 2x2 = 1 – x
3 2x2 – x = 0 ⇒ x(2x – 1) = 0
let θ = sin–1
2 1
⇒ x = 0,
1 2
3
sin θ = ⇒ cos θ =
2 2 1
check for x = → rejected
2
1  3 θ
  x = 0 → accept (1 solution)
so, cos–1 x = sin–1  2  = 2
2  
Sol.31 B
θ 1 + cos θ
x = cos   ⇒ x = x 5 π
 
2 2 sin–1   + cosec–1   =
 
5  
4 2
x 4 π π π
sin–1   + sin–1   = L.H.S. ⇒ –0 = = RHS
 
5  
5 2 2 2
1
  x=
x 3 4 25 − x 2  π 2
sin–1  × + ×  =
 5 5 5 5  2
π π π
– ⇒ – ⇒ so rejected
6 3 2
3x 4 25 − x 2
+ =1
25 25 Sol.35 B
x – 6x + 9 = 0 ⇒ (x – 3) = 0 ⇒ x = 3
2 2
 1   1   2 
tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1  2 
 2x + 1   4x + 1  x 
Sol.32 A
sin–1 x + sin–1 (1 – x) = cos–1 x
(sin–1 x + sin–1 (1 – x)) = cos–1 x  1 1 
 + 
2x + 1 4 x + 1  2
tan–1   = tan–1 2
sin–1 (x 1 − (1 − x)2 +(1–x) 1− x 2 ) = sin–1 1− x 2 1 − 1  x
 ( 2x + 1) ( 4 x + 1) 
x 2x − x 2 = 1− x 2 (1 – 1 + x)
x2(2x – x2) – (1 – x2)x2 = 0 4 x + 1 + 2x + 1 2
= 2
2x3 – x2 = 0 (2x + 1)( 4 x + 1) − 1 x
1 6x + 2
x2 (2x – 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 0, 2
2 2 = ⇒ 6x3 + 2x2 = 16x2 + 12x
(8 x + 6 x ) x2
Both accepted.
⇒ 6x3 – 14x2 – 12x = 0
Sol.33 C ⇒ x(6x2 – 14x – 12) = 0
π
tan–1 (1 + x) + tan–1 (1 – x) =
2
1 + x + 1 − x  π
tan–1  2  =
 1 − (1 − x )  2
2
=∞ ⇒ 2x – x2 = 0
2x − x 2
⇒x=0
Sol.34 B
π
sin–1 (1 – x) – 2 sin–1 x =
2
– 2 sin–1 x = cos–1 (1 – x)
1 – 2x2 = 1 – x
1
2x2 – x = 0 ⇒ x = 0,
2
check : x = 0
EXERCISE – II HINTS & SOLUTIONS
Sol.1 A,B
1 −1   14 π   
3π y = cos  cos cos   
–1 –1
sin x + sin y + sin z = –1
 2   5   
2
above relation is possible only when
1 −1   4π  
π y = cos  cos cos  + 2π   
sin–1 x = sin–1 y = sin–1 z =  2   5  
2
x= y=z =1 1 −1 4 π 
y = cos  cos cos 
2  5 
Sol.2 C,D
x2 – x – 2 > 0
 1 4π   2π 
α2 – α – x > 0 y = cos  ×  ⇒ cos  
α2 – 2α + α – 2 > 0 2 5   5 
α (α – 2) + 1(α – 2) > 0
α(α – 2) + 1(α – 2) > 0  π 2π   π 
y = sin  −  ⇒ sin  
α ∈ (–∞, 1) ∪ (2, ∞) 2 5   10 
Sol.3 B,D  3π   3π 
y = cos  π −  ⇒ –cos  
 5   5 
 17 
6sin–1  x 2 − 6 x +  =π
 2 
Sol.6 A,C
 17  π  −1  −1 
sin–1  x 2 − 6 x +  =
 2  6 Given a = sin–1   + cos–1  
 2  2 
17 1
x2 – 6x +  −1
2
–
2
=0
( )
b = tan–1 − 3 – cot–1 
 3

x = 2, 4
π π 5π
Sol.4 A,B,C a=– +π– ⇒
4 3 12
 4  2  a
tan  cos −1  + tan −1   = π π
 5  3  b b=– –π+ ⇒ –π
3 3
 −1 3  −1 2   a 17π 7π

tan  tan   + tan    = a–b=
12
&a+b=–
12
  
4  
3 b
  17   a Sol.7 A,C
tan  tan−1   = f(x) = sin–1 x + cos–1x
  6  b
π
a 17 Now f(x) will be equal to iff arg lie b/w –1 to 1
= ⇒ a – b = 11 2
b 6
⇒ a + b = 23 Sol.8 A,C,D
⇒ 3b = 3.6 = 18 = a + 11
1
cosec–1 x = sin–1
Sol.5 B,C,D x
|x| ≥ 1
1   − 14π  
y = cos  cos −1cos   
 2   5  
Sol.9 A,B,C α<γ<β

given 0 < x < 1 then
1 − x2 so, γ>α β>γ

y = tan–1
(1 + x )
Sol.11 B,C
put x = cos θ ⇒ θ = cos–1 x
2x = tan (2tan–1 a) + 2tan(tan–1 a + tan–1 a3)
θ ∈ [0, π]
2x = tan(tan–1 a + tan–1a) + 2 tan (tan–1 a + tan–1a3)
 | sin θ |   sin θ 
y = tan–1   = tan–1   2a a + a3
 1 + cos θ   1 + cos θ  2x = +2
1− a 2
(1 − a2 ) (1 + a2 )
(∵ sin θ is +ve in 1st & 2nd quadrant)
a a
 θ θ x= +
 2 sin cos  1− a 2 (1 − a2 )
 2 2  θ
y = tan–1 = tan–1  tan 
 2 cos2 θ   2 2
a x – x + 2a = 0 (A) is valid
 
 2  & a ≠ –1 & 1 (D) is valid
Now, given , 0 < x < 1
Sol.12 A,C
0 < cos θ < 1
cos–1 x = tan–1x
π  θ π let cos–1 x = θ = x = cos θ
0<θ< ⇒ 0 < < 
2  2 4
1 − x2
tan θ =
θ  cos −1 x  x
θ
so, y = tan tan  
–1
= =  
θ = tan–1 x
2 2  2  so,
Now in (B) & (C) put x = cos θ 1 − x2

tan–1 = tan–1x
x
θ  θ θ
y = cos–1 cos ⇒ cos–1  cos  =
2  2 2
1 − x2
= x ⇒ x4 + x2 – 1 = 0
x
 x
⇒  cos−1 
 2
− 1± 5 5 −1 − 5 −1
x2 = ⇒ x2 =
or
2 2 2
θ  cos x 
−1
θ θ Now, sin (cos–1 x) = sin θ = tan θ × cos θ = x2
y = sin –1 sin ⇒ sin sin ⇒ =  2 
–1
2 2 2  
5 −1
sin (cos–1 x) =
2
Sol.10 B,C
Given : α = 2 tan–1 ( 2 – 1) Sol.13 A,D
 1  ∞
 1 4n
β = 3 sin–1 
 2
 + sin–1  − 
  2 ∑ tan−1 (n4 − 2n2 + 2)
n =1
 1 ∞
γ = cos–1   −1  (n + 1) − (n − 1) 
2 2
3 =
h=1
∑tan  2 2
1 + (n + 1) )(n − 1) 
α = 2 × 22.5º = 45º
∞
3π π 7π
β=
4
–
6
=
12
= 105º = ∑ tan
n=1
−1
(n + 1)2 − tan−1(n − 1)2
 1
γ = cos–1   = cos–1 (0.33) π
3 = - tan-1 1 = −
4
EXERCISE – III HINTS & SOLUTIONS
Sol.1 From the graph :

  3π 
y = sec–1 sec  π + 
  7    4 
f(–3) = 2, |f(–1)| = 2, f   = – 2
  8 
 3π  3π π
f(0) = 0, cos–1(f(–2)) = 0 y = sec–1 − sec  =π– =
f(–7) = f(–7 + 8) = f(1) = –2  4 4 4
f(20) = f(12 + 8) = f(12) = f(4 + 8) = f(4)
⇒ f(20) = f(4) = 3 Sol.4 (i) y = sin–1 (sin 5) = 5 – 2π
Now putting all values (ii) y = cos–1 (cos 10) = 4π – 10
2+4–2+0+0–2+3=5 (iii) y = tan–1 (tan (–6)) = – tan–1(tan 6) = 2π – 6
(iv) y = cot–1 (cot (– 10)) ⇒ π – cot–1 (cot 10)
Sol.2 (i) sin–1 x > –1 ⇒ π – 10 + 3π ⇒ 4π – 10
1 ≥ x > – sin 1 ⇒ x ∈ (–sin 1, 1]
(ii) cos–1 x < 2 ⇒ cos x > cos 2  1  9π 9π  
(v) y = cos–1   cos 10 − sin 10  
but x ≤ 1, so x ∈ (cos 2, 1]  2  
(iii) cot–1 x < – 3

 π 9π π 9π 
No solution because curve of cot–1 x never lies = y = cos–1 cos cos − sin sin 
 4 10 4 10 
below origin.
  π 9π 
= y = cos–1 cos  + 
  7π     4 10 
Sol.3 (i) y = sin–1  sin   
  6 
 46 π   23 π 
= y = cos–1 cos  = y = cos–1 cos 
  π   40   20 
y = sin–1 sin  π + 
  6 
 3π    3π 
= y = cos–1 cos π +  = y = cos–1 −  cos 
  π   20    20 
π
y = sin–1 sin  − 6  = –
   6
 3π  17π
= y = π – cos–1  cos  =
  20  20
  2π    π 
(ii) y = tan–1  tan    = tan–1  tan  π −  
  3    3 
 3π 
π Sol.5 (a) y = sin–1 (sin θ), θ ∈  , 3 π
y=– 2 
3
π –x
π
 5π  x 3 π –x
2
3π
(iii) y = cos–1  cos 
x–
3π
 4  π
2
5π
2 2
  π 
y = cos–1 cos  π + 
  4 
 3π 5π
 θ − 2π ; ≤θ≤
 π π 3π y = sin–1 (sin θ) =  2 2
y = cos–1 − cos  = π – ⇒ 3 π − θ ; 5 π < θ ≤ 3 π
 4 4 4
 2
 7π 
(iv) y = sec–1  sec   3π 
 4  (b) y = cos–1 (cos θ), θ ∈  , 3 π
 2 
 x+3 
x 2π –x
x– 2π
( )
3 tan–1 2 − 3 = tan–1  
 3x − 1 
0 π 3π 2 π 3π  x+3 
2 3 × 15º = tan–1  
 3x − 1
 3π
2π − θ ; ≤ θ ≤ 2π x+3
y = cos–1 (cos θ) =  2 tan 45º =
θ − 2π ; 2π < θ ≤ 3π 3x − 1
3x – 1 = x + 3
(c) y = tan–1 (tan θ)
2x = 4 ⇒ x = 2
x x– π x–2 π x–3 π  1  2x  1  2 
−1 −1  1 − y 
Sol.7 y=tan  sin  
 + cos
 1 + y 2  ;x> y> 1
π 0 π π 3π 2π 5π 3π 7π
2   1+ x2  2  
−
2 2 2
2 2
put x = tan α & y = tan β
since x > y > 1 π/2
 3π 5π so, tan α > 1 π/4

θ − 2π ; 2 < θ < 2
y = tan–1 (tan θ) =  π π 0 1
5π >α>
 θ − 3π ; < θ ≤ 3π 2 4
 2
π π
(d) y = cot–1 (cot θ) Similarly <β<
4 2
1 1 
Now, y = tan  sin (sin 2α ) + cos −1 (cos 2β )
x −1
x– π x–2π
2 2 
0 π 2π 3π
π π
Now < 2α < π & < 2β < π
2 2
 3π
θ−π ; ≤ θ < 2π
y = cot–1 (cof θ) =  2 1 2β 
θ − 2π ; 2π ≤ θ < 3π so, y = tan  ( π − 2α ) + 
2 2
π 
 1− x  1 y = tan  − (α − β) = cot (α – β)
Sol.6 (i) tan–1   = tan–1 x, (x > 0) 2 
 1 + x  2
y = cot (tan–1 x – tan–1 y)
tan−1 x  −1 1 + xy  1 + xy
tan–1 (1) – tan–1 x = y = cot cot  =
2  x−y x−y
3
tan–1 (1) = tan–1 x
2  1
Sol.8 (i) tan–1 x = –π + cot–1   , x < 0
π 2 x
× = tan–1 x
4 3
 π π
put tan–1 x = θ ⇒ x = tan θ, θ ∈  − , 
π 1  2 2
x = tan   =
6 3
1
x = tan θ ⇒ = cot θ
 1  x
 – tan–1   = tan–1  
1 1
(ii) 3 tan–1 
 2 + 3   x   3  x
π
 1
x+
cot –1   = cot–1 (cot θ)

x −π −π / 2 π/2 π
put x = cos θ, θ ∈ [0, π]

 π y = π – sin–1 |sin θ|
θ + π ; − 2 ≤ θ < 0
so, cot–1 (cot θ) =  y = π – sin–1 (sin θ) ......(i)
 θ ; 0<θ≤ π
 2 π
–1 < x < 0 ⇒ –1 < cos θ < 0 ⇒ <θ<π
2
Now given that x < 0 ⇒ θ < 0
so cot–1 (cot θ) = θ + π = tan–1 x + π π 
sin–1 sin θ = π – θ  < θ < π
2 
 1
so, cot–1   = tan–1 x + π from (1), y = π – (π – θ) = θ
x
y = cos–1 x so, cos–1 x = (π – sin–1 1− x 2 )
 1
or –1
tan x = –π + cot –1  
x
1 − x2
consider y = π + tan–1
x x
consider y = sin–1 (x = tan θ) Put x = cos θ ⇒ θ = cos–1 x , θ ∈ [0, π]
1+ x2
 sin θ 
 π π y = π + tan–1  
θ ∈  − ,  ⇒ y = sin–1 (sin θ) = θ = tan–1 x  cos θ 
 2 2
y = π + tan–1 tan θ θ– π
(∵ |sec θ| = sec θ) Now, –1 < x < 0 −
π π
2 2
–1 < cos θ < 0 O π

1
–1
consider y = – cos
1+ x2 π
<θ<π
2
 π π y = π + θ – π = θ = cos–1 x
x = tan θ ⇒ θ ∈  − , 
 2 2
x
Similarly we can solve for cot–1
1 1− x2
y = – cos–1
| sec θ |
x
y = – cos–1 (cos θ) Let y = cot–1
1 − x2
  π  Put x = cos θ ⇒ θ = cos–1 x , θ ∈ [0, π]
− θ ;  − < θ < 0 
Now, cos–1 (cos θ) =   2 
cos θ
 θ ; 0<θ< π y = cot–1 = cot–1 (cot θ)
 2 | sin θ |
–1 < x < 0
but we are given x < 0 so,
cos–1 (cos θ) = – θ ⇒ y = – (–θ) π
–1 < cos θ < 0 ⇒ <θ<π
y = θ = tan–1 x 2
1 y = θ = cos–1 x
(ii) cos–1 x = sec–1 , –1 < x < 0
x
Sol.9 sin2 {2 cos–1 (tan x)} = 1
let cos–1 x = θ ⇒ x = cos θ, θ ∈ [0, π] ⇒ sin {2 cos–1 (tan x)} = ± 1
1  1
= sec θ ⇒ sec–1   = sec–1 (sec θ)
x x
sin{2 cos–1 (tan x)}=1 sin {2cos–1 (tan x)}=–1
Now –1 < x < 0 ⇒ –1 < cos θ < 0 sin (2 cos–1 (tan x)) =1
1<θ<π sin–1 sin (2 cos–1 (tan x)) = sin–1 1
x
1 π
sec –1
= cos–1 x sin–1 sin (2 cos–1 (tan x)) = …(1)
x 0 π 2
π π
consider y = π – sin–1 1− x 2 − ≤x≤
4 4
–1 ≤ tan x ≤ 1 β = sin–1 (cos 2θ)

0 ≤ cos–1 (tan x) ≤ π
 π 
0≤ 2
−1 β = sin–1  sin 2 − 2θ   ....(2)
≤ 2π
cos (tan x)   
m
Now, given, 0 < x < 1
0 ≤ m ≤ 2π
π
π ⇒ 0 < tanθ < 1 ⇒ 0<θ<
sin–1 sin m = 4
2
π
x π –x 2π 3 π –x Now, 0 < 2θ <
3π 2
x–
2 3π
π 5π
π π π
2 2 ⇒– < – 2θ < 0 ⇒ 0< − 2θ <
2 2 2
π π π
2 cos–1 (tan x) = 0≤m< So, α= + 2θ
2 2 2
π π
cos–1 (tan x) = β= – 2θ ⇒ α+β=π
4 2
1  1 
tan x = ⇒ x = tan–1   Sol.11 Given x = sin (2tan–1 2)
2  2
π π 3π 1 −1 4  
π – 2 cos–1 (tan x) = ≤m< & y = sin  2 tan  3  
2 2 2   
 1  Consider, x = sin (2 tan–1 2)
π
2 cos–1 (tan x) = ⇒ x = tan–1   Let tan–12 = α ⇒ tan α = 2
2  2 Now, x = sin 2α
π 3π 2 tan α
2 cos–1 (tan x) – 2π = ≤ m < 2π 4
2 2 x = sin 2α = =
1 + tan2 α 5
5π 5π
2 cos–1 (tan x)= ⇒ cos–1 (tan x)= 1 −1 4 
2 4
Now, y = sin  2 tan  3 
  
1  1 
tan x = − ⇒ x = tan–1  − 
2  2 4 4
Let tan–1 = β ⇒ tan β =
similar value of x we will get if we solve 3 3
sin (2 cos–1 (tan x)) = 1
so number of values = 2 3
cos β =
5
5
 1+ x   1 − x2  β 3 4
  & b =sin–1   1 – 2 sin2
Sol.10 α = 2 tan–1  1 − x2  =
 1− x    2 5 β
3
for 0 < x < 1 β 2
⇒ 2 sin2 =
Put x = tan θ 2 5
 1+ x  β 1
α = 2tan–1   ⇒ sin =± =y
 1− x  2 5
(
α = 2 tan−1 1 + tan −1 x ) So, x =
4
&y=±
1
π 5 5
α= + 2tan–1 x
2 1 1
Squaraing in y = ± ⇒ y2 =
π 5 5
α= + 2 tan–1 (tan θ) ....(1)
2
4
4y2 = = x ⇒ x = 4y2
5
1 1  10 − 1   −1 1 −1 − 1 
Sol.12 (i) cos −1 − cos−1 + cos −1   y = tan cos 2 + tan  
3 6
 3 2  Sol.13 (i)
  3 
α

θ β
 π  π 
1 1 y = tan  3 +  − 6  
cos θ =
3
cos α =
6   
tan θ = 2 tan α = 5 π 1

y = tan   ⇒
6 3
θ = tan–1 2 α = tan–1 5
π −1 − 1 
10 − 1 5+ 2 (ii) y = sin  3 − sin  2 
cos β = ⇒ tan β =   
3 2 10 − 1
π π  3π 
−1  5 + 2
β = tan   3 2 y = sin  +  = sin   = 1
 10 − 1  3 6  6 
( 5 + 2)
 7π 
−1  5+ 2  (iii) y = cos–1  cos 
= − tan    6 
1 − 5 ⋅ 2  b–1
 5π 
(
= − tan−1 5 + tan−1 2 − π ) y = cos–1 cos  2π −


6 
LHS = θ – α + β
 5π  5π
= tan–1 2 – tan–1 5 y = cos–1  cos  =
 6  6
– (tan–1 5 + tan–1 2 – π)
= π – 2 tan–1 5 = RHS  2π 
(iv) y = tan–1  tan 
(ii) 2 tan–1(cosec tan–1 x – tan cot–1 x) = tan–1x  3 
 −π π 2π −π
Let tan–1x = θ ⇒ θ ∈  ,  y= –π=
 2 2 3 3
 π −1 
 −1 3 
So, 2 tan–1 cos ecθ − tan 2 − tan x  (v) y = cos  tan 
    4
⇒ 2tan–1 {cosecθ – cotθ}  −1 4 

y = cos cos  5 
1 − cos θ   θ   
⇒ 2 tan–1   ⇒ 2 tan–1  tan 
 sin θ   2 
4
y=
π θ π 5
– < <
4 2 4
 −1 3 3
(vi) y = tan sin + cos −1 
 θ θ  5 2
So, 2 tan–1  tan  = 2 . = tan–1 x
 2  2
 3 2
y = tan tan−1  + tan −1 
cos 
63 
−1 −1  1  −1 3
  
4 3 
(iii)  + 2 tan   = sin
 65  5 5
3 2
−1 63 3 1 +
cos = sin−1 − 2 tan−1 y= 4 3 =
17
65 5 5 6 6
1−
3 5 16 4. 3
= tan–1 – tan–1 = tan–1
4 12 36
 63  π −1 3  
= cos–1  65  LHS = RHS Sol.14 (i) y = sin  2 − sin  − 2  
     
π 7
−1 3 
3
cos θ = α = cos–1
y = sin  2 + sin 2  13 25
 
2 7 α
π π ⇒ tan θ = ; cos α = = 1 – sin2
3 25 2
⇒ y = sin  + 
2 3 12 2 α 9
tan 2θ = ; sin =
5 2 25
 5π  1
⇒ y = sin   = 12 α 3 α 3
 6 2 2θ = tan
−1
; sin = ⇒ tan =
5 2 5 2 4
 −1 − 3  π

12 −1 63 −1 3
y = cos cos  2  + 6 
−1
(ii) LHS = tan + tan + tan
    5 16 4
−1 12 −1 3 −1 63
 π π = tan + tan + tan
5 4 16
y = cos π − +  = – 1
 6 6
 12 + 3 
 3π   
 tan  = π − tan  5
−1 4  + tan−1 63
(iii) y = tan–1  4  1− 36  16 = π = RHS
 20 
3π π
y= –π=–  5   7   36 
4 4 (ii) LHS : cos–1   + π – cos–1   + sin–1  
 13   25   325 
  4π  
(iv) y = cos–1  cos   
  3  5  7   36 
cos–1 + 2 – cos–1   + sin–1  
13  25   325 
 2π 
y = cos–1 cos  2π −   12  24  36 
 3 
tan–1   – tan–1 + tan   +π
 5  7  323 
 2π  2π
y = cos–1  cos  =  − 36   36 
 3  3 tan–1   + tan–1   +π
 323   323 
 −1 3  = π = RHS
y = sin cos
5 
(v)

2 6 +1
 −1 4  (iii) LHS : cos–1 – cos–1
4 3 2 3
y = sin–1 sin 5  =
  5
1  3− 2
 3 sin 2α  + tan−1  tan α   
(vi) y = tan 
−1 LHS tan–1 – tan–1  
   2  6 +1 
 5 + 3 cos 2α   4 
1
tan–1 – tan–1 3 + tan–1 2
 6 tan α 
−1 −1  tan α 
2
= tan  2  + tan  
 8 + 2 tan α   4  π π
– tan–1 3 =cot–1 3 =
 3 tan α  2 6
−1  tan α 
= tan−1  2  + tan   (iv) (sec–1x)2 – 6(sec–1x) + 8 > 0
 4 + tan α   4 
(sec–1 x)2 – 4sec–1x – 2 sec–1 x + 8 > 0
= tan–1 (tan α) = α (sec–1 x – 2) (sec–1 x – 4) > 0
sec–1 x < 2 or sec–1 x > 4
Sol.15 (i) LHS = 2 cos −1 3 + cot −1 16 + 1 cos −1 7 π
3 63 2
25

θ α 2
π/2
63 α
= 2θ + tan–1 +
16 2
sec2 –1 O 1 2
x ∈ (–∞, sec2] ∪ [1, ∞)

 3 − 2x 
(v) f(x) = 3 − x + cos–1   + log (2|x| – 3)
 5  6
 2x 
Sol.16 (i) f(x) = cos–1   + sin–1 (log2 x)
 x + 1
D1 : 3 – x ≥ 0 ⇒ x≤ 3
2x 2x 2x 3 − 2x
–1 ≤ ≤1 ⇒ ≥ –1 & ≤1 D2 : –1 ≤ ≤ 1 ⇒ –1 ≤ x ≤ 4
x +1 x +1 x +1 5
3x + 1 x −1 3 3
⇒ ≥0 & ≤0 D3 : 2|x| – 3 ≥ 0 ⇒ x< – or x >
x +1 x +1 2 2
1  1
⇒ x ∈ (–∞, –1) ∪  , ∞  & x ∈ (–1, 1] D4 : –1 ≤ log2 x ≤ 1 ⇒ ≤ x≤ 2
3  2
 1  3 
taking intersection, x ∈ − , 1 D 1 ∩ D 2 ∩ D 3 ∩ D 4 ⇒ x ∈  , 2
 3  2 
(vi) 1 – log7 (x2 – 5x + 3) > 0
2
1+ x ⇒ x ∈ (2, 3)
(ii) cos(sin x) ≥ 0 ; – 1 ≤ ≤1
2x x2 – 5x + 13 > 0 ⇒ x∈ R
x∈ R ⇒ x > 0 ∪ {–1} 3 9πx
⇒ x < 0 ∪ {1} –1≤ ≤ 1 where θ =
2 + sin θ 2
Intersection x ∈ {–1, 1}
3 3
> –1 ≤1
2 + sin θ 2 + sin θ
x −3
(iii) f(x) = sin–1   – log (4 – x)
9πx
 2  10
sin θ ≥ –5 sinθ = 1 ⇒ sin =1
2
x −3 always
D1 : –1 ≤ ≤1 9πx π
2 = (4n + 1)
–2 ≤ x – 3 ≤ 2 ⇒ 1 ≤ x ≤ 5 2 2
D2 : 4– x>0 ⇒ x< 4 4n + 1
D1 ∩ D2 x=
9
x ∈ [1, 4)
n = 5, x = 7/3
1 4 5
n = 6, x = 25/9
1 − sin x
(iv) f(x) = + cos–1 (1 – {x}) x
log5 (1 − 4 x 2 ) (vii) –1 ≤ ≤1 ⇒ x ∈ [–2, 2]
2
D1 : 1 – sin x ≥ 0 ⇒ sin x ≤ 1
x 
π for tan–1  − 1 ⇒ x ∈ R
⇒ x≤ 2 
2
D2 : 1 – 4x > 0 ⇒
2
4x2 – 1 < 0 f o r n {x} ⇒ {x} ≠ 0 ⇒ x ≠ I
 1 1 finally x ∈ (–2, 2) – {–1, 0, 1}

x ∈  − ,  & 1 – 4x2 ≠ 1 (viii) sin (cos x) ≥ 0
 2 2
↓
(∵ x ≠ 0) [0, 1]
D3 : –1 ≤ 1 – {x} ≤ 1
⇒ –2 ≤ – {x} ≤ 0  π π  π π
x ∈ − ,  ⇒ x ∈ 2nπ − 2 , 2nπ + 2 
⇒ 0 ≤ {x} ≤ 2 ⇒ x ∈ R  2 2  
 1   1 3 − 17
D1 ∩ D2 ∩ D3 ⇒ x ∈  − , 0  ∪  0,  –2 cos2 x + 3 cos x + 1 > 0 ⇒ < cos x ≤ 1
 2   2 2
2 sin x + 1 π 
–1 ≤ ≤1 2 tan–1 (cosec A – tan  − A  )
2 2 sin x 2 
–1
2 tan (cosec A – cot A)
π
by solving {x | x = 2nπ + , n ∈ I}  1 − cos A   A
6 ⇒ 2 tan–1   = 2 tan–1  tan 
 sin A   2
Sol.17 3 cos–1 x =sin–1 ( 1 − x 2 (4x2 – 1))  2 A 

 2 sin 
Let cos–1 x = θ ⇒ x = cosθ ⇒ θ ∈ [0, π]  2  π A π
sin–1 {|sinθ| (4 cos2θ – 1)} ⇒ 2 tan–1  2 sin A cos A  – 4 < 2 < 4
 
= sin–1 {sinθ (4 – 1 – 4 sin2θ)}  2 2 
⇒ sin–1 {sin3θ} = 3θ ≠ when
A
−π π So, 2× = A = tan–1 x
– ≤ 3θ ≤ but we had 2
2 2
0 ≤θ≤π ⇒ 0 ≤ 3θ ≤ 3π 2mn 2pq
(iii) tan–1 2 2 + tan–1
(m − n ) (p − q2 )
2
−π π
2MN
0 3π
= tan–1
2 2 (M2 − N2 )
π π
So, 0 ≤ 3θ ≤ ⇒ 0≤θ≤  n   q   N 
2 6  2    2    2  
 m   p   M 
π tan–1    2  +tan–1    2  = tan–1  2
0 ≤ cos–1 x ≤  n    q   N 
1 −  
6 1 −  m   1 −  p   
 M 

       
π
cos ≤ x ≤ cos 0  2x 
6
Now, y = tan–1   , |x| < 1
 1 − x2 
3  3 
≤ x≤ 1 ⇒ x ∈  2 , 1 –1 < x < 1
2   as x = tanθ, so –1 < tan θ < 1
π π
Sol.18 (i) LHS : sin–1 (cos sin–1x) + cos–1 sin (cos–1x) – <θ<
4 4
sin x
So, tan–1 (tan 2θ) = 2 tan–1 x
1 n q N
So, 2tan–1 + 2 tan–1 = 2tan–1
m p M
np + mq N
π x LHS =
O mp − nq M
 π −1  π π π 
(iv) LHS tan  − cot −1 x + − cot −1 y + − cot −1 z 
sin–1 cos 2 − cos x  + cos–1{sin (cos–1 x)} 2 2 2 
  
sin–1 {sin (cos–1x)} + cos–1 {sin (cos–1 x)}  3π 
Now, – 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 ⇒ 0 ≤ cos–1 x ≤ π tan  − (cot −1 x + cot −1 y + cot −1 z) 
 2 
sin (cos–1x) is the value from 0 to 1 & then 1 to 0
cot (cot–1 x + cot–1 y + cot–1 z) = RHS
π
Hence LHS =
2
π
Sol.19 (i) sin–1 x + sin–1 2x =
(ii) LHS : 2 tan–1 (cosec tan–1 x – tan cot–1 x) 3
π π
Let tan–1x = A ⇒ – <A<  3
2 2  
sin–1 2x = sin–1  2  – sin–1 x
LHS  
 3 1   1 2 1 1 
 = sin–1  
2 − ×
sin–1 2x = sin–1  2 1 − x − x × 2 
   2 5 5 2
10
2  1 
4x = 3 ( 1− x ) – x –1
cos x = sin –1   1 θ
 10  3
5x = 3 1 − x2
25x = 3 – 3x2
2  3 
cos–1 x = cos–1  
3 1 3  10 
x2 = ⇒ x= Negative NP
28 2 7 3
x=
 1   1   2  10
(ii) tan–1   +tan–1   = tan–1  2 
 2 x + 1   4 x + 1  x 
x2 − 1 2x 2π
(v) cos–1 2 + tan–1 2 =
x +1 x −1 3
 1 1 
 + 
2x + 1 4 x + 1  2
tan–1  1  = tan–1 2 1 − x2 2x 2π
1 −  x LHS π – cos–1 2 – tan–1 2 =
 (2x + 1) ( 4 x + 1)  1+ x 1−x 3
 π π
4 x + 1 + 2x + 1 2 2θ ∈ (–π, π) x = tan θ θ ∈ − , 
= 2  2 2
( 2x + 1)( 4 x + 1) − 1 x
6x + 2 2 –x x x+ π −
π x
x– π
= ⇒ 6x3 + 2x2 = 16x2 + 12x 2
(8 x 2 + 6 x ) x2 0 π π
–π 0 π –π
2
⇒ 6x3 – 14x2 – 12x = 0

⇒ x(6x2 – 14x – 12) = 0
π
C–1 –π < 2θ < –
–1 –1 –1
(iii) tan (x – 1) + tan x + tan (x + 1) = tan 3x –1 2
tan–1 (x – 1) + tan–1 (x + 1) = tan–1 3x – tan–1 x
2π
π – (–2θ) – (2θ + π) =
 x − 1 + x + 1  3x − x  3
tan–1   = tan–1  
 1 − x2 + 1   1 + 3x2  2π
0=
 2x   2x  3
tan–1   = tan–1  
 2 − x2   1 + 3x2  π π
C–2 – < 2θ < 0 C–3 0 < 2θ <
2 2
2x 2x
2 = 2π 2π
2−x 1 + 3x2 π – (–2θ) – 2θ = π – (2θ) – 2θ =
3 3
x= 0 1 + 3x2 = 2 – x2
2x2 = 1 2π π
π= θ=
1 3 12
x=±
2 π
x = tan θ = tan =2– 3
1 π 12
(iv) sin–1 + cos–1 x =
5 4 π
C–4 < 2θ < π
2
1 1
cos–1 x = sin–1 – sin–1
2 5 2π
π – (2θ) – (2θ – π) =
3
2π 4π π sec–1(sec 9) = sec −1 ( sec(9 − 2π) ) = 9 – 2π

2π – 4θ = ⇒ = 4θ ⇒ θ =
3 3 3 cot–1(cot 6) = cot −1 ( cot(6 − π) ) = 6 – π
x = tan θ = tan 60º = 3 cosec–1(cosec 7) = cosec −1 ( cosec (7 − 2π) ) = 7 – 2π
y = (3 π – 8) + (3 π – 10) + (4 π – 12) + (2 π – 9)
2π + (– π + 6 ) + (2π – 7)
(vi) sin–1 x + sin–1 y = ....(1)
3 y = 13π – 40
⇒ a = 13 and b = – 40 ⇒ a – b = 13 – (– 40) = 53
π
cos–1x – cos–1 y =
3
 2π   2π  2π
π Sol.21 T1 = sin−1 sin  5π − −1
 = sin sin  =
π −1  π  7   7  7
– sin–1 x –  − sin y  =
2 2  3
 4π  4π 4π
T2 = cos−1 cos 6π + −1
 = cos cos =
π  7  7 7
sin–1y – sin–1x = ....(2)
3
(1) + (2) −1   3π   −1 3π 3π
T3 = tan − tan 2π −   = tan tan =
2 sin–1 y = π   8  8 8
π  19π  −1  3π 
sin–1 y = ⇒ y=1 T4 = π − cot −1 cot  = −π − cot  2π + 
2  8   8 
1 3π 5π
and by puting y value we will get x = = π− =
2 8 8
2π 4π 3π 5π 6π 13π
1 − a2 1 − b2 S= + + + = +π=
(vii) 2 tan–1 x = cos–1 – cos–1 7 7 8 8 7 7
1 + a2 1 + b2
put a = tan θ1
Sol.22 u = cot–1 cos 2θ – tan–1 cos 2θ
 π π
⇒ θ1 = tan–1 a θ1 ∈  − ,  π
 2 2 u= – tan–1 cos 2θ – tan–1 cos 2θ
2
1 − tan2 θ 1
cos–1 = cos–1 (cos 2θ1) 2θ, (–π, π) π
1 + tan2 θ1 2 tan–1 cos 2θ = –u
2
= 2θ1
2θ, (0, π)  2 cos 2θ 
–1   π
= 2 tan–1 a become a > 0 tan  1 − cos 2θ  = 2 – u
 
similarly
  
1 − b2  tan−1  2 cos 2θ  
cos–1 = 2 tan–1 b cos   1 − cos 2θ   = sin u
1 + b2   
2 tan–1 x = 2 tan–1 a – 2 tan–1 b
a−b 2 cos 2θ
tan–1 x = tan–1 Let tan–1 =θ
1 + ab 1 − cos 2θ
a−b 2 cos 2θ
x= tan θ =
1 + ab 1 − cos 2θ
cos θ = sin u
Sol.20 sin–1(sin 8) = sin −1 ( sin(3π − 8) ) = 3π – 8
1
tan–1(tan 10) = tan −1 ( tan(10 − 3π) ) = 10 – 3π = sin u
4 cos 2θ
1+
cos–1(cos 12) = cos −1 ( cos(4π − 12) ) = 4π – 12 2
(1 − cos 2θ)
1 − cos 2θ 2n−1(2 − 1)
= sin u ⇒ tan2 θ = sin u (ii) Tn = tan–1
1 + cos 2θ 1 + 2n ⋅ 2n−1
= tan–1 2n – tan–1 2n–1
Sol.23 f(x) = sin–1 (3x – 4x3) + cos–1 (4x3 – 3x) Sn = tan–1 2n – tan–1 1
π π π π
= – cos–1 (3x – 4x3) + cos–1 (4x3 – 3x) S∞ = − =
2 2 4 4
π 1 1 1
= – π + cos–1 (4x3 – 3x) + cos–1 (4x3 – 3x) (iii) Sn = tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 +……
2 7 13 21
π 1
=– + 2 cos–1 (4x3 – 3x) Tn = tan−1
2 1 + n + n2
put x = cos θ ⇒ θ = cos–1 x θ ∈ [0, π]
n+1−n
π = tan−1
= – + 2 cos–1 (cos 3θ) 1 + n(n + 1)
2
Tn = tan–1 (n + 1) – tan–1 n
1 1 Sn = tan–1 (n + 1) – tan–1 1
–1 ≤ x ≤ – ⇒ – 1 ≤ cos θ ≤ –
2 2
π π π
S∞ =− =
2π 2 4 4
≤ θ ≤ π ⇒ 2π ≤ 3θ ≤ 3π
3 (iv) y = tan–1 (x+1) – tan–1 x
π + tan–1 (x + 2) – tan–1 (x + 1)
=– + 2(3θ – 2π)
2 + tan–1 (x + n) – tan–1 (x +(n – 1))
π y=tan–1 (x + n) – tan-1x
=– + 6θ – 4π
2
1 2
= –
9π
+ 6 cos–1 x. (v) Tn = tan–1 2
= tan−1
2 2 ⋅n 4n2
9 2
a = 6, b =– = tan−1
2 1 + 4n2 − 1
(2n + 1) − (2n − 1)
= tan−1
 1 −1 n n −1 1  1 + (2n + 1)(2n − 1)
Sol.24 (i) Tn = sin  −
 n n+1 n n + 1  Tn = tan–1 (2n + 1) – tan–1 (2n – 1)
Sn = tan–1 (2n + 1) – tan–1 1
−1  1 1 1 1 
= sin  1− − 1− π π π
 n n + 1 n n + 1  S∞ = − =
2 4 4
1 1
If sin θ = then cos θ = 1 − Sol.25 (i) cot–1 x + cot–1 (n2 – x + 1) = cot–1 (n – 1)
n n
1 1 1
1 1 tan–1 = tan–1 + tan–1 2
& If sin φ = then cos φ = 1 − n−1 x n − x +1
n +1 n+1
Tn = sin–1 (sin θ cos φ – cos θ sin φ)
= sin–1 (sin (θ – φ))  1 1 
 + 
2
1 1 = tan–1  x n − x +1 
Tn = θ – φ = sin–1 – sin–1  1 
n n+1 1 − 2 
 x(n − x + 1) 
1
⇒ Sn = sin–1 1 – sin–1
n+1
1 n2 + 1
π = 2
S∞ = sin–1 1 = n−1 (n + 1)x − x2 + 1
2
n2 – n(x2 + 1) + 1 + (x – 1) (x2 + 1) = 0
(x2 – n2) – (n2 + 1) (x – n) = 0
(x – n) (x + n – n2 – 1) = 0
1
x = n or n2 – n + 1 1>x >
2
–1
x x
(ii) sec – sec–1 = sec–1 b – sec–1 a
a b 1
−1 > x > −
2
a 1 b 1
cos–1 + cos–1 = cos–1 + cos–1
x a x b  1   1 
x ∈  , 1 ∪  − 1, − 
   2   2
 a2   1 
–1  a . 1 − 1 − 1 − 
cos 
x a
 x2   a2  
 
  
 b . 1 − 1 − 1  1 − b2  
  
–1 
= cos x b  b2   x2  
 
1 x2 − a2 a2 − 1 1 b2 − 1 x2 − b2
− = −
x ax x bx
b2(a2 – 1) (x2 – a2) = a2 (b2 – 1) (x2 – b2)
x2 (a2b2 – b2 – a2b2 + a2) = a2b2 (a2 – 1 – b2 + 1)
x2 (a2 – b2) = a2b2 (a2 – b2) ⇒ x = ab
x −1 2x − 1 23
(iii) tan–1 + tan–1 = tan–1
x +1 2x + 1 36
 x − 1 2x − 1 
 + 
tan–1  x + 1 2x + 1  = tan–1 23
1 − (x − 1) (2x − 1)  36
 (x + 1) (2x + 1) 
4
x=
3
Sol.26 (i) (cot–1 x)2 – 5 cot–1 x + 6 > 0

t2 – 5t + 6 > 0
t<2 or t>3
cot–1 x < 2 cot–1 x > 3
x > cot 2 x < cot 3
(ii) sin–1 x > cos–1 x
π
sin–1 x > – sin–1 x
2
π π
≥ sin–1 x >
2 4
1
1≥ x>
2
2 –1
(iii) tan (sin x) > 1
tan (sin–1 x) > 1 or tan (sin–1 x) < –1
π π π π
> sin–1 x > – < sin–1 x < –
2 4 4 2
EXERCISE – IV HINTS & SOLUTIONS
x 1 −1 a  x 1 −1 a   tan x tan y 
Sol.1 (a) tan  + cos
4 2 b  + tan  4 − 2 cos b  θ = 2 tan–1  
     2 2 
1 a 1 a 1 − x2
1 + tan cos −1  1 − tan cos−1  (c) 2tan–1x = cos–1
 2 b   2 b  1 + x2
= +
1 −1 a  1 −1 a 
1 − tan cos  1 + tan cos   a−b
2 b 2 b  x 
2tan–1  a + b tan 2 
 
2 2
 1 a   1 a 
1 + tan cos−1   + 1 − tan cos−1    a−b x
 2 b   2 b  1 −   tan2 
=
 1 a 
 a+b 2
1 − tan2  cos−1  = cos–1  a−b 2 x
2 b  1 +  a + b  tan 
2 
  
 1 a 
 1 + tan2  cos −1    
  2 b   (a + b) − (a − b) tan2 x 
=2    2 
2 1 −1 a  
 1 − tan  cos   = cos–1  x
 2 b  (a + b) + (a − b) tan2  
  2
2 2 2b
= = =  
 1 a  a a 2 x  x 
cos 2 × cos−1  cos cos−1   a1 − tan  + b1 + tan2 
 2 b  b    2  2 
= cos–1   2 x  x 
 a1 + tan  + b1 − tan2 
 cos x + cos y    2  2  
(b) Let cos–1  =θ
 1 + cos x cos y 
  2 x x 
cos x + cos y  a cos − sin2  + b 
cosθ =   2 2    a cos x + b 
1 + cos x cos y = cos–1   2 x 
=cos–1  
a + b cos 2 x
− sin   a + b cos x 
 2 2  
 
1 1 + cos x cos y
=
cos θ cos x + cos y
1 + cos x cos y − cos x − cos y  2 2 

1 − cos θ
=  1+ x − 1− x 
1 + cos θ 1 + cos x cos y + cos x + cos y Sol.2 y= tan–1  1 + x2 + 1 − x2 
 
θ (1 − cos x)(1 − cos y)
tan2 =
2 (1 + cos x)(1 + cos y) 1 + x2 − 1 − x2
tany =
2
1 + x2 + 1 − x2
tan θ x y
= tan2 tan2
2 2 2
sin y 1 + x2 − 1 − x2
θ x y =
tan = tan tan cos y 1 + x2 + 1 − x2
2 2 2
θ  tan x tan y  sin y + cos y 2 1 + x2

= tan–1   =
2  2 2  sin y − cos y − 2 1 − x2
1 + sin2y 1 + x2 1 1
& If sin φ = then cos φ = 1 −
Square on both side
1 − sin2y
= n+1 n+1
1 − x2
Tn = sin–1 (sin θ cos φ – cos θ sin φ)
(1 – x2)
(1 + sin2y) = (1 + x2)
(1 – sin2y) = sin–1 (sin (θ – φ))
1 + sin2y – x2 – x2 sin 2y = 1 – sin2y + x2 – x2 sin y
1 1
2sin2y = 2x2 x2 = sin2y Tn = θ – φ = sin–1 – sin–1
n n+1
1
1 1 1 ⇒ Sn = sin–1 1 – sin–1
Sol.3 ( a ) Sn = tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 +…… n+1
7 13 21
1 π
Tn = tan
−1 S∞ = sin–1 1 =
2 2
1+n+n
n+1−n
= tan−1
1 + n(n + 1) β3 1 −1 β  α
cosec2  tan cot2θ =
α 
Sol.4
–1
Tn = tan (n + 1) – tan n –1 2 2 β
Sn = tan–1 (n + 1) – tan–1 1
1 β β β
π π π tan–1 = θ ⇒ tan–1 = 2θ ⇒ tan2θ =
S∞ = − = 2 α α α
2 4 4
n−1
2 (2 − 1) β3
–1 cosec2θ ; cos2θ = 1 – 2 sin2θ
(b) Tn = tan 2
1 + 2n ⋅ 2n−1
= tan–1 2n – tan–1 2n–1
β3 α3 1 −1 α 
Sn = tan–1 2n – tan–1 1 + sec2  .tan 
1 − cos2 θ 2  2 β
π π π
S∞ = − =
2 4 4 1 α α
(c) y = tan–1 (x+1) – tan–1 x tan–1 = φ ⇒ tan–1 = 2φ
2 β β
+ tan–1 (x + 2) – tan–1 (x + 1)
α
+ tan–1 (x + n) – tan–1 (x +(n – 1)) tan 2φ =
β
y=tan–1 (x + n) – tan-1x
α3
1 1 1 2 cos2θ – 1 = cos, 1 + cosθ
(d) tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 +...... 2 cos2 φ
2 8 18
1 2 2 β3 α3
T n = tan–1 = tan –1 = tan –1|
1 + 4n2 − 1 +
2n2 4n2 1 − cos 2θ 1 + cos 2φ
 (2n + 1) − (2n − 1) 
= tan–1   =tan–1 (2n+1)–tan–1(2n–1) β3 α3
1 + (2n + 1)(2n − 1)  α
+
β
1− 1+
Sn = tan–1(2n + 1) – tan–1 1 α2 + β2 α2 + β2
π π π
S∞ = – =
2 4 4
β3 ( α2 + β2 ) α3( α2 + β2 )
+
−1  1 n n −1 1  α2 + β2 − α α2 + β2 + β
(e) Tn = sin  −
 n n+1 n n + 1 
 
−1  1 1 1 1   β3 α3
= sin  1− − 1− 
n + 1 
2 2 +
α +β  2
 n n + 1 n 2
 α +β −α α2 + β2 + β 
1 1
If sin θ = then cos θ = 1 −
n n
2
 3 2 2 3 2 2  cos θ = 1 − a
 β ( α + β + α) α ( α + β − β) 
α2 + β2  α2 + β2 + α2 + α2 + β2 − β2  sec θ =
1
  2
1−a
= cosec tan–1 cos cot–1 sec θ
 3 2 2 3 2 2 
 β ( α + β + α) α ( α + β − β)  = cosec tan–1 cos cot–1 =
1
α2 + β2  α +β −α
2 2 2 + 2 2
α +β −β 2
 2
  1−a
1
cot −1 =α
α2 + β2 [β α2 + β2 + αβ + α α2 + β2 – αβ ] 1−a
2
= (α + β ) (α2 + β 2) 1
cot α = 2
1−a
y 3 tan α = 1 − a
2
Sol.6 tan–1 + cos–1 = sin–1

1 + y2 10
2
2–a
1
2
3 1–a
tan–1x + tan–1   = sin–1 = tan–1 3
y 10 θ
1
 1 1
x +  cos α =
 y
tan–1 = tan–1 3 2 − a2
 x
1−  = cosec tan–1 cos α
 y
1
= cosec tan-1
xy + 1 2 − a2
=3
y−x 1
tan–1 =β
xy + 1 = 3y – 3x 2 − a2
3x + 1 1 3 – a2
y= tan β = =cosec β 1
x −3 2 − a2
θ
3x + 1 x = 3 − a2 2
y= 2–a
3−x
y = 3 − a2
Becoz it using poositive integral solution
x= 4
x = 1, 2 only when possible
3+1 Sol.9 We know
x= 1 y=
3 −1 π
sin–1 x + cos–1 x =
2
7 so given equation can be written as
x= 2 y= =7
1 3
π −1 
(1, 2) (2, 7) (sin–1 x)3 +  − sin x  = απ3
2 
Sol.7 x = cosec tan–1 cos cot–1 sec sin–1 a …(1)
Let sin–1 a = θ at sin–1 x = t; t ∈ (–1, 1].
sin θ = a then 12t2 – 6πt + π2 (1 – 8α) = 0
1
for no roots D<0 ⇒ α<
1 32
a
θ
Sol.10 (a) (cot–1 x)2 – 5 cot–1 x + 6 = 0
Let cot–1 x = t
1 – a2 t2 – 5x + 6 = 0
(t – 2) (t – 3) = 0
t<3 t<2
y
cot–1 x > 3 cot–1 x < 2 y= – sin–1 (sin x)
2
x < cot 3 x > cot 2
x ∈ (–∞, cot 3) ∪ (cot 2, ∞) 3
2
(b) sin–1 x > cos–1 x

π
sin–1 > 2
2
π  1  x
sin–1 > ⇒ x∈  , 1 –2
4  2  0
(c) tan2 (sin–1 x) > 1 y= – cos–1 (cos x)
2
x ∈ [–1, 1] ; f(x) |tan x| > 0
 1   1 
⇒ x ∈ − 1, −  ∪  , 1 y
 2   2 
3
Sol.11 4(tan-1 x)2 – 8 tan–1 x + 3 < 0 2
4t2 – 8t + 3 < 0
4t2 – 6t – 2r + 3 < 0
2t(2t – 3) – 1(2t – 3) < 0
(2t – 3) (2t – 1) < 0
1 3 2
<t<
2 2
x
1 3 – 0
< tan−1 x < 2 2
2 2
1 3 So between [–7π, 7π]; 49A = 3388.
tan < x < tan
2 2
4 cot–1 x – cot–1 x2 – 3 ≥ 0 10 10
m
a2 – 4a + 3 ≤ 0 Sol.13 ∑ ∑ tan −1
  = kx
b
a2 – 3a – a + 3 ≥ 0 n=1 n=1
(a – 3) (a – 1) ≤ 0 10
−1 10 
1≤a≤3 S= ∑  tan −1 1
n
2
n
3
+ tan−1 + tan−1 + …… + tan
n

n 
1 ≤ cot–1 x ≤ 3 n =1
cot 1 ≥ x ≥ cot 3 10
1 1
∑ tan −1 1
n
= tan–1 1 + tan–1 + tan–1 +
2 3
Sol.12 n=1
1 1
y …… + tan–1 + tan–1
9 10
10
2 2 2
∑ tan
n=1
−1 2
n
= tan–1 + tan-1 + tan–1 +
1 2 3
2
2
…… + tan–1
10
10
10 10
– 0 3 2
∑ tan
n=1
−1 10
n
= tan–1
1
+ tan–1
2
2 2 2
10 10
+ tan–1 + …… + tan–1
3 10
 π  1 
S = 10 ⋅  +  tan−1 + tan−1 2 
 4  2 
+  tan−1 + tan−1 3  +  tan−1 + tan−1 4 

1 1 a − 3a
3 4 (2) t =
    4
5π 45π −2a
= + = 25 π = kπ t=
2 2 4
Sol.14 tan–1 r + tan–1 S + tan–1 t −a

t=
2
tan 
−1r + s + t − rst 
 − rs − st − tr 
1
−a
x(x – 2) (3x – 7) = 2 cos–1 =
2
(x2 – 2x) (3x – 7) = 2
3x2 – 7x2 – 6x2 + 14x – 2 = 0 −a
3x3 – 13x2 + 14x – 2 = 0 0≤ ≤x
2
13 2
r+s+t= rst =
3 3 a
–π ≤ ≤0
2
14
Σ rs = –2π ≤ a ≤ 0
3
 13 − 2 
 
tan  3 3  −1  11 
−1 3π
14 = tan  − 11  Sol.17 sin–1 x <
 1 −    4
 3 
3π
tan–1 [–1] = 3π
4 x > sin
4
  2x2 + 4   1
sin−1  sin   < π−3 1≥x>
Sol.15   1 + x2   2
  
 1 
 2x2 + 4  x∈ , 1
sin 2 
>3  2 
 1+ x 
2x2 + 4 > 3 + 3x2
x2 – 1 < 0 Sol.18 sin–1 (–1) + cosec–1 (–1)
–1 < x < 1
3π 3π
= + = 3π
2 2
a2
Sol.16 2t = a +
t
2t2 = at + a2 Sol.19 If –1 ≤ x ≤ 1
2t2 – at – a2 = 0 then –1 ≤ –x ≤ 1
a ± a2 + 8a2 3π −1 5π
t= So ≤ tan (−x) ≤
4 4 4
a ± 3a
t=
4 Sol.20 by checking options
a ± 3a
t= (D) sin–1 1 − x2
4
a + 3a put x = cos θ ⇒ θ ∈ [0, π]
(1) t=
4
t=a  π
because x ∈ (0, 1) ⇒ θ ∈  0, 
cos–1 x = a  2
a = [0, π]
sin–1 sin θ = θ = cos–1 x
Sol.21 by checking options
 π π
(C) Put x = sin θ ⇒ θ ∈  − , 
 2 2
 π
but as x ∈ (0, 1) ⇒ θ ∈  0, 
 2
cos–1 cos θ = θ = sin–1 x
Sol.22 by checking options

(D) put x = cos θ θ ∈ [0, π]
π 
but x ∈ (–1, 0) ⇒ θ ∈  , π 
2 
1 − x2
π + tan–1
x
π + tan–1 tan θ
= π + (θ – π) = θ = cos–1 x
EXERCISE – V HINTS & SOLUTIONS
Sol.1 Given function is

 
∴ x a c 2 − b 2 x 2 + b c 2 − a2 x 2 − c 2  = 0
π  
tan –1
x( x + 1) + sin –1
x2 + x + 1 = 2
x = 0 is one solution
Function is defined, if
(i) x(x + 1) > 0 ∵ Domain of square root function. & a c 2 − b 2 x 2 + b c 2 − a 2 x 2 – c2 = 0
(ii) x2 + x + 1 ≥ 0 ∵ Domain of square root function.
a2 c 2 − b 2 x 2 + b c 2 − a 2 x 2 = c 2
(iii) x 2 + x + 1 ≤ 1 ∵ Domain of sin–1 function.
From (ii) and (iii) a2(c2 – b2x2) + b2(c2 – a2x2) + 2ab c 2 − b2 x 2
0 ≤ x2 + x + 1 ≤ 1 ∩ x2 + x ≥ 0
⇒ 0 ≤ x2 + x + 1 ≤ 1 ∩ x2 + x + 1 ≥ 1 4
c 2 − a2 x 2 = c
⇒ x2 + x + 1 = 1 ⇒ x2 + x = 0
⇒ x(x + 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 0, x = – 1 put a2 + b2 = c2
⇒ abx2 = c 2 − b2 x 2 c 2 − a2x 2
 x  a2b2 x4 = c4 – c2(a2 + b2)x2 + a2b2x4
x  
Sol.2 sin –1
= tan–1  2 2  0 = c4(1 – x2) ⇒ x = ± 1 x = {0, –1, 1}
a  a −x 
142 π
142 Sol.4 cos–1 3 3 x2 = – cos–1 ( 6 x) = sin–1 ( 6 x)
⇒ sin –1
= tan –1
2
65 5 31
 1 cos–1 3 3 x2 = cos–1 ( 1− 6 x 2 )
5
2 tan –1   = tan–1 27x4 = 1 – 6x2
5 12
27x4 + 6x2 – 1 = 0
 1 11 1 1
3 tan–1   = tan–1 x2 = – & x2 =
 
2 2 3 9
 1  1 142 1
S = 3tan–1   + 2 tan–1   + sin–1 (Reject) x=±
3
 
2  
5 65 5
11 5 142 1 1
= tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 x= – will not satisfy so x=
2 12 31 3 3
 11 5  π
 +  Sol.5 We know that, sin–1 (α) + cos–1 (α) =
= π + tan –1  2 12  + tan–1 142 2
 1 − 55  31
  Therefore, α should be equal in both functions.
 24 
x2 x3 x4 x6
142 142 ∴ x– + – ....= x2 – + – ...
= π – tan–1 + tan–1 =π 2 4 2 4
31 31
x x2 x x2
⇒ = ⇒ =
ax bx x x2 2+x 2 + x2
Sol.3 sin–1 + sin–1 = sin–1 x 1+ 1+
c c 2 2 2 2
 ax b 2 x 2 bx a2 x 2  2x 2x 2
sin–1  1− 2 + 1− 2  = sin–1 x ⇒ = ⇒ 2x(2 + x2) = 2x2(2 + x)
c c c c  2+ x 2 + x2
 
⇒ 4x + 2x3 = 4x2 + 2x3
⇒ x(4 + 2x2 – 4x – 2x2) = 0
⇒ Either x = 0 or 4–4x = 0 ⇒ x = 0 or x = 1 Sol.9 (A) If a = 1, b = 0, then sin–1 x + cos–1 y = 0

⇒ sin–1 x = – cos–1 y ⇒ x2 + y2 = 1.
∵ 0 < |x| < 2, ∴ x =1 and x ≠ 0
(B) If a = 1 and b = 1, then
Sol.6 LHS = cos tan–1 [sin (cot–1 x)] π

sin–1 x + cos–1 y + cos–1 xy =
2
  
1 ⇒ cos–1 x – cos–1 y = cos–1 xy
= cos tan–1 sin  sin −1 
  1 + x2

   ⇒ xy + 1− y 2 = xy
1− x 2
⇒ (x2 – 1)(y2 – 1) = 0
 1  x2 + 1
= cos  tan −1  = = RHS (C) If a = 1, b = 2, then
  x2 + 2
 1+ x2  π
sin–1 x + cos–1 y + cos–1 (2xy) =
2
−1 x ⇒ cos–1 x – cos–1 y = cos–1 (2xy)
Sol.7 f(x) = sin ( 2x ) +
6
⇒ xy + 1− x 2 1− y 2 = 2xy
π ⇒ x2 + y2 = 1
sin–1 (2x) + ≥0
6 (D) If a = 2 and b = 2 then
π π π
≥ sin–1 2x ≥ – sin–1 (2x) + cos–1 (y) + cos–1 (2xy) =
2 6 2
⇒ cos–1 (2x) – cos–1 (y) = cos–1 (2xy)
1
– ≤ 2x ≤ 1
2 ⇒ 2 xy + 1 − 4 x 2 1 − y 2 = 2xy
1 1 ⇒ (4x2 – 1)(y2 – 1) = 0
– ≤ x≤
4 2
Sol.10 We have, 0 < x < 1
C
 1 1 Let cot–1 x = θ
x ∈ − , 
 4 2 ⇒ cot θ = x
1+ x 2
1 1
Sol.8 Given, sin [cot–1 (1 + x)] = cos (tan–1 x) ....(i) ⇒ sin θ =
1 + x2 θ
 1  = sin (cot–1 x) B x A
 
and we know, cot–1 θ = sin–1  ,
2
 1+ θ  x
and cos θ = = cos (cot–1 x)
1 + x2
 1 
 
and tan–1 θ = cos–1  2  Now, 1+ x 2 [{x cos (cot–1 x) + sin(cot–1 x))2 – 1]1/2
 1+ θ 
∴ From Equation (i), 1/ 2
 
2 
 x . x
+
1  − 1
    1+ x 2  2  
 −1 1  1+ x 1 + x2
 
 cos −1 1 
sin  sin  = cos 
  
 1 + (1 + x )2   1+ x2 
1/ 2
 2 
2 
1 1  1 + x
⇒ = =  − 1
1+ x 2   
1 + (1 + x )2 1+ x2 1 + x2
  
⇒ 1 + x2 + 2x + 1 = x2 + 1
1 = 1+ x 2 [1 + x2 – 1]1/2 = x 1+ x 2
⇒ x=–
2
Answer Ex–I SINGLE CORRECT (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)
1. D 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A
8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B
15. B 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. B 21. A
22. B 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. C
29. D 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B
Answer Ex–II MULTIPLE CORRECT (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)
1. A,B 2. C,D 3. B,D 4. A,B,C 5. B,C,D 6. A,C 7. A,C
8. A,C,D 9. A,B,C 10. B,C 11. B,C 12. A,C 13. A,D
Answer Ex–III SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. 5 2. (i) –sin 1 < x ≤ 1, (ii) cos2 < x ≤ 1, (iii) No solution

π π 3π π 17π
3. (i) – , (ii) – , (iii) , (iv) 4. (i) 5 – 2π, (ii) 4π – 10, (iii) 2π – 6, (iv) 4π – 10, (v)
6 3 4 4 20
 3π 5π
θ − 2π, 2 ≤ θ ≤ 2 
2π − θ,
3π
≤ θ < 2π
5. sin (sin θ) =  
–1 –1
5π ; cos (cos θ) = 2 ;
3π − θ, < θ ≤ 3π θ − 2π, 2π ≤ θ ≤ 3π
 2
 3π 5π
θ − 2π, 2 < θ < 2 
 θ − π,
3π
≤ θ < 2π
tan (tan θ) =  
–1 –1
5π ; cot (cot θ) = 2
θ − 3π, < θ ≤ 3π θ − 2π, 2π < θ < 3π
 2
1 1 + xy 2
6. (i) x = , (ii) x = 2 7. x − y 9. 2 10. – π 11. x = 4y
3
1 5π π 4 17 1 π 2π 4
13. (i) , (ii) 1, (iii) , (iv) − , (v) , (vi) 14. (i) , (ii) −1, (iii) − , (iv) , (v) , (vi) α
3 6 3 5 6 2 4 3 5
15. (iv) (– ∞, sec 2) ∪ [1, ∞)

16. (i) –1/3 ≤ x ≤ 1, (ii) {1, –1}, (iii) 1 ≤ x ≤ 4, (iv) x ∈ (–1/2, 1/2), x ≠ 0, (v) (3/2, 2], (vi) {7/3,25/9}
π  3 
(vii) (–2, 2) – {–1, 0, 1}, (viii) {x |x = 2n π + , n ∈ Ι} 17.  2 ,1
6  
1 3 1 1 3 1
19. (i) x = , (ii) x = 3, (iii) x = 0, ,− , (iv) x = , (v) x = 2 – 3 or 3 , (vi) x = , y = 1,
2 7 2 2 10 2
a−b 9π 9
(vii) x = 20. 53 23. 6 cos –1 x – , so a = 6, b = –
1 + ab 2 2
π π  2n + 5  π
24. (i) , (ii) , (iii) arc cot   , (iv) arc tan (x + n) – arc tan x, (v)
2 4  n  4
4
25. (i) x = n2 – n + 1 or x = n, (ii) x = ab, (iii) x =
3
 2   2   2
26. (i) (cot 2, ∞) ∪ (– ∞, cot 3), (ii)  2 ,1 , (iii)  2 ,1 ∪  − 1,− 2 
     
Answer Ex–IV ADVANCED SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
−1 9π 9
3. – π 4. 6 cos x – , so a = 6, b = –
2 2
 2n + 5  π π π
5. (a) arc cot   , (b) , (c) arc tan (x + n) – arc tan x, (d) , (e)
 n  4 4 2
π2 π2
6. (α 2 + β 2 ) ( α + β) 7. K = 2, cos , 1 & cos , – 1 8. x = 1, y = 2, & x = 2 ; y = 7
4 4
9. X = Y = 3 − a2 10. (A)→P, Q, R, S ; (B)→P, Q ; (C)→P, R, S ; (D)→P, R, S
 2   2   2  1 
12. (a) (cot 2, ∞ ) ∪ (– ∞, cot 3) , (b)  2 , 1 , (c)  2 , 1 ∪  – 1, – 2  13.  tan , cot 1
       2 
3π
14. 3388 15. k = 25 16. 17. x ∈ (–1, 1) 18. a ∈ [ −2π, π] – {0}
4
19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. D
Answer Ex–V JEE PROBLEMS
1. C 2. π 3. x ∈ {–1, 0, 1} 4. x = 1/3 5. B 7. D
8. A 9. (A)→P ; (B)→Q ; (C)→P ; (D)→S 10. C

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Solution Slot – 1 (Mathematics) Page # 1

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION

cos–1 α1 + cos–1 α2 +.......+ cos–1 αn

Let cos–1 x = θ ⇒ x = cos θ

so, the whole equation is satisfied for x = 2

here given, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 The above holds iff

u = cot–1 tan α – tan–1 tan α 3 3 3 3

EXERCISE – II HINTS & SOLUTIONS

 −1 3  −1 2   a 17π 7π

Sol.9 A,B,C α<γ<β

1 − x2 so, γ>α β>γ

Now in (B) & (C) put x = cos θ 1 − x2

EXERCISE – III HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 From the graph :

(iii) cot–1 x < – 3

 3π 5π so, tan α > 1 π/4

cot –1   = cot–1 (cot θ)

put x = cos θ, θ ∈ [0, π]

–1 < cos θ < 0 O π

–1 ≤ tan x ≤ 1 β = sin–1 (cos 2θ)

tan θ = 2 tan α = 5 π 1

⇒ 2tan–1 {cosecθ – cotθ}  −1 4 

x ∈ (–∞, sec2] ∪ [1, ∞)

 1 1 finally x ∈ (–2, 2) – {–1, 0, 1}

Sol.17 3 cos–1 x =sin–1 ( 1 − x 2 (4x2 – 1))  2 A 

⇒ 6x3 – 14x2 – 12x = 0

2π 4π π sec–1(sec 9) = sec −1 ( sec(9 − 2π) ) = 9 – 2π

Sol.26 (i) (cot–1 x)2 – 5 cot–1 x + 6 > 0

EXERCISE – IV HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1 + cos x cos y − cos x − cos y  2 2 

θ  tan x tan y  sin y + cos y 2 1 + x2

Sol.6 tan–1 + cos–1 = sin–1

(b) sin–1 x > cos–1 x

+  tan−1 + tan−1 3  +  tan−1 + tan−1 4 

Sol.14 tan–1 r + tan–1 S + tan–1 t −a

Sol.21 by checking options

Sol.22 by checking options

EXERCISE – V HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 Given function is

⇒ Either x = 0 or 4–4x = 0 ⇒ x = 0 or x = 1 Sol.9 (A) If a = 1, b = 0, then sin–1 x + cos–1 y = 0

Sol.6 LHS = cos tan–1 [sin (cot–1 x)] π

Answer Ex–I SINGLE CORRECT (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)

8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B

15. B 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. B 21. A

22. B 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. C

29. D 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B

Answer Ex–II MULTIPLE CORRECT (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)

1. A,B 2. C,D 3. B,D 4. A,B,C 5. B,C,D 6. A,C 7. A,C

Answer Ex–III SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. 5 2. (i) –sin 1 < x ≤ 1, (ii) cos2 < x ≤ 1, (iii) No solution

15. (iv) (– ∞, sec 2) ∪ [1, ∞)

Answer Ex–IV ADVANCED SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

9. X = Y = 3 − a2 10. (A)→P, Q, R, S ; (B)→P, Q ; (C)→P, R, S ; (D)→P, R, S

19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. D

Answer Ex–V JEE PROBLEMS

8. A 9. (A)→P ; (B)→Q ; (C)→P ; (D)→S 10. C

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