Figure 2.27 Cicoinenilii’anc products.

Sigtire 2.25 Gcosyiithetic clay Jlncr products.

Similar to natural filter, 3eotextilc can be selected with

the functions of separation and filtration. Geosynthetics have
proper opening sizes to allow for adequate liquid flow and
been used for drainage jnsicJc retfiiiin¿ walls, slopes, i cad-
limit soil particle loss across t!ie interface plane. This func-
ways, and landfiIIs. Tic Plc.sign of eosyrithc•ti cs for drainage
tion is oftcn referred to as fiItration.
will ldc discussed in Chapter 6.
5ince geotextile, geonet, and geocomposite have large
Geomairrials fire ty pically strong under compression and
porosity, hig!• r erineubility, and drainage c•upaci y, they
shear but v’ea!‹ under tension. Gcosynthetics, such as svo•/en
aJlow water to quickl)' flow through and can JicJp brain
geotcxtiles, copi’ids, and gcocclJ s, can provice tensile
water out of
rest stance to geomaterials. Leos) nthetic rei n Koi-cement of
geomateri Its or pavement structures. To survive in install a-
peornaterials car be achieved tl1i‘o'i 14 tile n4<-ct an rems of
tion and maintain ong•-ter i ri drainage capacity, ,gcosyntliet
— ics used for drainage should have sulficicu t strengths an- ciioragc, Iateral restraint (in!erlocLiiip, closed
iusr1 cotton.-.nseut,
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 I"ig re 2.29 Geocell product.

Tzible 2.5 lfunctions of We s) nthetics

Type Separation Filtration Drainage Reinforcement Erosion Protection Barrier

Geo3rid \/
Geonet

and friction), and tensioned membrane. It should be pointed
out that nonwoven geotextile is generally too weak for liners in Jandfi"lls and river channels and waterproof ii: dams.
reinforcement. Even though all tlircc types of geogrid can be
used for reinforcement, they are often used for different ap-
plications. For example, uniax ial geogrid is corrimonly used
to reinforce embankments, slopes, and earth-retaining walls
duC tO their two-dimensional mature. Hiaxial aI)d triaxial
geogrids are commonly usecl to stabili zc unpaved and paved
roads and railroad ballast due to three-diiriensiona1 traffic
londipn . Dong ct at. (201 l) Showed that tt‘iaxial geogt’id pro- (especially SIO})CS) ffOlTl loss ‹at soiI particles by running
s’ides more uniform tensile resistance than bioxiaJ gcogrid.
Gcocell hds been used to stabilize granular bases over wreak
subgrad e (Han et aI., 2011). The design ot’ geosyntlictics for
fill reinforceme nt will be di.scusSed jn Chapter 10.
Barriers can be doom eh by ini perineable or low permeable
geornembraiic <n g° *)’fl thetic clay liner, or large-pore‹l
geotextile anal °°°'*P°*' °' which lo 'ct- or stop capillary
rise. Geoinembranes and GCLs have been commonly used as
Geotextile and gcoconiposite have been used as capillary
barriers to replace course send and travel capillary barriers
to reduce Ros t heave. The basic idca of the c:ipillary barrier
is to “place a large-pored Iu5 er between the water table and
the fterzin front to stop the iipz'ard flow of water during
freczing” (Henry and IJoltz, 200 ).
Geosynthetics h.ave been used to protect ground surfaccs
water as a function of ei osion protection. Geosynthefics can
avoid '.vatcr ‹li ops directly hitting on soil surface and slow
down water flow on soil surface so that less soil pm ticles are
carried ‹iway by rumi ink w.ater. Geosynthetics Cave also
been used to protect coacral ar8ilS froiTi wave erosion ann
scour.
Some geosynthetics onJy ha› c one function but othcrs Have
multiple functions, floor ccx atiip p, ept gtjJ¿ p„ ¿pypp. .pJJ hq,

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