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Cracow University of Technology
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Accepted 29.02.2016
A – study design Analysis of hydraulic load
B – data collection
C – statistical analysis
D – data interpretation of a wastewater treatment plant in Jasło
E – manuscript preparation
F – literature search
1)
University of Agriculture in Cracow, Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, al. Mickiewicza 24/28,
30-059 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: dariusz.mlynski@gmail.com
2)
Cracow University of Technology, Institute of Water Supply and Environment Protection, ul. Warszawska 24,
31-155 Kraków, Poland
For citation: Młyński D., Chmielowski K., Młyńska A. 2016. Analysis of hydraulic load of a wastewater treatment plant in
Jasło. Journal of Water and Land Development. No. 28 p. 61–67.
Abstract
The paper presents an analysis of hydraulic load in a wastewater treatment plant (WTP) in Jasło. The study
was based on the records of daily sewage volume entering the treatment plant within a multi-year period of
2010–2014. The analysis took into account the average daily amount of incoming sewage, the maximum daily
peaking factor for the incoming sewage, changes in the sewage volume depending on specific month and day of
a week, and class intervals with the greatest frequency of occurrence.
The analysis revealed that the average daily volume of the sewage entering the WTP in Jasło in the investi-
gated multi-year period was 13 045 m3·d–1. The amount of incoming sewage was variable, as evidenced by the
maximum peaking factors of daily sewage inflow that ranged from 1.07 to 2.78, depending on a specific month.
The sewage admission was the largest in March, May and June and on Saturdays. Sewage volume interval most
often occurring at the WTP in Jasło was the one between 8 000 and 10 000 m3·d–1. The study results indicated
that the facility was hydraulically underloaded.
Key words: hydraulic load, sewage, sewage amount, wastewater treatment plant
© Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) in Warsaw, 2016; © Institute of Technology and Life Sciences (ITP) in Falenty, 2016
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62 D. MŁYŃSKI, K. CHMIELOWSKI, A. MŁYŃSKA
2005; BUGAJSKI, PAWEŁEK 2005]. Increased amount introduction of the National Sewage Treatment Pro-
of sewage inflowing a wastewater treatment plant gramme. It states that agglomerations with population
(WTP) may be also due to other factors, such as me- equivalent (PE) of at least 2000 must have collective
chanical damage or leaks in the sewerage pipes that sewerage systems discharging the sewage into waste-
transport also infiltration waters [KACZOR, PRZE- water treatment plants [CHMIELOWSKI et al. 2015;
BINDA 2009]. In extreme cases, the water inflowing MIERNIK, MŁYŃSKI 2014].
a sewerage system from outside the pipes may cause The facility in Jasło is one of such WTPs. Its re-
even fivefold increase in average daily sewage admis- sponsibility is to dispose of physical and oxygen-
sion [KACZOR, PAWEŁEK 1999]. This may cause demanding contaminants and nutrients admitted with
a hydraulic overload affecting the efficiency of tech- the sewage discharged from Jasło agglomeration with
nological devices or leaching of active sludge from 72 613 PE [MASŁOŃ 2014]. Bearing in mind the re-
a bioreactor [KACZOR 2011; TOET et al. 2005; XU et sults of hydraulic overload and underload and the im-
al. 2015]. However, hydraulic underload is another plementation of WFD, the aim of this paper was to
problem faced by the treatment plant operators. It may analyze the amount of sewage inflowing the treatment
disturb consecutive steps of sewage treatment, as the plant in Jasło, based on the total amount of sewage
processes of pollution removal require certain amount disposed of at this facility.
of sewage to be effective [BUGAJSKI 2007; GIOKAS et
al. 2002; SPELLMAN 2013]. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY OBJECT
Since Poland’s accession to the European Union,
a significant improvement in water and sewage man- The wastewater treatment plant in Jasło is a facil-
agement has been noticed in both urban and rural ar- ity combining mechanical and biological methods of
eas. Poland, as a member of the European Union, is sewage treatment and using an active sludge in the
committed to implementation of the Water Frame- biological phase. Designed capacity of the treatment
work Directive (WFD), which requires all member plant in the dry season is 20 000 m3·d–1, and in the wet
states to rationally use and protect water resources. season 72 000 m3·d–1. A simplified diagram of the
Implementation of WFD’s provisions resulted in the Jasło treatment plant is presented in Figure 1.
station of sewage
transported by tanks
Wisłoka river
sewage
vertical vortex
grid chambers
biological reactor 2
Fig. 1. A simplified diagram of the wastewater treatment plant in Jasło; source: own elaboration
Mechanical treatment involves step screens, two by Jasło Public Utility Department. They were used to
vertical vortex grit chambers and two radial primary determine descriptive statistics such as the measures
settling tanks. Biological treatment is performed in of location: maximum (Qdmax), medium (Qdavg), modal
two bioreactors utilizing the Bardenpho process. Be- (Mo), and minimum (Qdmin) daily volume of sewage
fore the treated sewage is discharged into the receiv- admitted to the facility within the investigated multi-
ing water, it is directed to two secondary settling year period, and the measures of spread: standard de-
tanks to separate the active sludge from the treated viation (s) and coefficient of variation (Vs).
sewage. At the end of the process, the treated sewage Maximum daily peaking factors of sewage ad-
is discharged into the receiving water, i.e. the Wisłoka mission (Ndmax) were determined according to the fol-
River. lowing formula [HEIDRICH 1998]:
Qd max (1)
MATERIALS AND METHODS N d max =
Qd avg
The analysis of hydraulic loading of the Jasło
where:
wastewater treatment plant was based on the data of
Qdmax = maximum daily sewage volume inflow-
daily records of sewage volume admitted into the fa-
ing the treatment plant (m3·d–1), within
cility in the years 2010–2014. The data were provided
the study period;
© PAN in Warsaw, 2016; © ITP in Falenty, 2016; Journal of Water and Land Development. No. 28 (I–III)
- 10.1515/jwld-2016-0006
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Analysis of hydraulic load of a wastewater treatment plant in Jasło 63
Fig. 2. The amount of sewage inflowing the wastewater treatment plant in Jasło in the years 2010–2014;
source: own elaboration
Table 1. Parameters describing sewage admission into the Jasło wastewater treatment plant in individual years and the entire
study period
Parameter value
Study parameter Unit
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2010–2014
Qdmax m3·d–1 34 694 29 296 23 140 30 472 38 434 38 434
Qdavg m3·d–1 14 018 12 113 10 436 12 622 14 125 13 045
Qdmin m3·d–1 7 209 7 084 6 345 5 455 6 722 5 455
s m3·d–1 5 338 4 133 2 594 4 253 5 531 4 860
Vs – 0.38 0.34 0.25 0.34 0.39 0.37
Mo m3·d–1 13 969 8 198 8 601 9 478 8 031 8 031
Ndmax – 2.48 2.42 2.22 2.41 2.72 2.95
Source: own elaboration.
The data presented in Figure 2 and the results According to MUCHA’S classification [1994], the co-
compiled in Table 1 revealed that Qdmin of the sewage efficient of variation for the sewage volume inflowing
inflowing the WTP in the years 2010–2014 was ob- the treatment plant each day, which for the investi-
served in 2013 and was nearly 5 500 m3·d–1. Qdmax gated period was below 40%, indicated moderate
amounting to nearly 38 500 m3·d–1 was recorded in variation in the volume of admitted sewage. Ndmax for
2014. Therefore, Qdavg of the sewage inflowing the the years 2010–2014 was 2.95. Moreover, based on
Jasło WTP in the years 2010–2014 was 13 045 m3·d–1. results which are presented in table, it was conclude,
© PAN in Warsaw, 2016; © ITP in Falenty, 2016; Journal of Water and Land Development. No. 28 (I–III)
- 10.1515/jwld-2016-0006
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64 D. MŁYŃSKI, K. CHMIELOWSKI, A. MŁYŃSKA
that volume of inflowing sewage to sewage treatment ing Ndmax of 1.2. When this reference value was used
plant in Jasło is greater in relative to currently accept- for the Jasło population comprising over 33k of in-
ed unit consumption of water per day per person (ac- habitants, the calculated Ndmax for the individual
tually to design is it 0.12 m3·d–1·P–1) and population months, years and the entire investigated period
equivalent. The length of the sanitary sewage system 2010–2014 was different than that predicted by
of Jasło is equal to 350.8 km. The length of the com- MYSZOGRAJ and PANEK [2007]. Assuming too low
bined sewage system is equal to 34.9 km (it is over Ndmax at the design stage may cause periodic hydraulic
9-percentage part of the total length of the sewage overload of a wastewater treatment plant that may
system). Total length of the sewage system is equal to disturb the processes of removing contaminants from
385.7 km. The length of the rain water sewage system the treated sewage.
is equal to 16.1 km (probably it is independent sew- Figure 4 shows Qdavg changes in specific months
age system and it doesn’t discharge rain water to the against the design capacity of the Jasło WTP and
treatment plant). Considering information, it can be Qdavg determined for the years 2010–2014. The aim of
supposed that increased sewage inflow to wastewater the analysis was to identify the months with the low-
treatment plant related to PE can be caused by infiltra- est and the highest Qdavg within the five-year period.
tion water and accidental water. To identify the reason
of increased sewage inflow, it is necessary to perform
additional study deal with sewage inflow during night
and determine the percentage value of infiltration wa-
ter and accidental water related to the total amount of
sewage.
Qdmax and Qdavg are some of the most important
parameters to be considered during design, construc-
tion and operation of wastewater treatment plants
[KŁACZYŃSKI, RATAJCZAK 2012]. Therefore, the
equation (1) was used to determine Ndmax of the sew-
age inflowing the Jasło treatment plant in individual
months of 2010–2014 period. The resulting Ndmax val-
ues are presented in Figure 3.
Fig. 4. Average daily amount of sewage inflowing
the wastewater treatment plant in Jasło in individual months
of the years 2010–2014; source: own elaboration
© PAN in Warsaw, 2016; © ITP in Falenty, 2016; Journal of Water and Land Development. No. 28 (I–III)
- 10.1515/jwld-2016-0006
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Analysis of hydraulic load of a wastewater treatment plant in Jasło 65
© PAN in Warsaw, 2016; © ITP in Falenty, 2016; Journal of Water and Land Development. No. 28 (I–III)
- 10.1515/jwld-2016-0006
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STRESZCZENIE
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