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Surface emissive power of organic peroxide and hydrocarbon pool fires -

experimental study and CFD simulation

Conference Paper · September 2011

DOI: 10.13140/2.1.2073.9844

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6 authors, including:

Kirti Bhushan Mishra I. Vela

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung
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K. D. Wehrstedt
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung
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Surface emissive power of organic peroxide and hydrocarbon pool fires -
experimental study and CFD simulation
1,2 1 1 1
S. Schälike , K. B. Mishra , H. Chun , I. Vela ,
1 2
K.-D.-Wehrstedt , A. Schönbucher
1
BAM Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing, Berlin
2
Institute for Chemical Engineering I, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen
stefan.schaelike@bam.de

1. Introduction In the second method SEP is predicted using an approximated

vertical rectangular flame surface AF,re to obtain CFD predicted
Accidental fires in the process industries often occur as pool fires
which are hazardous to people and adjacent objects mainly due to thermograms (Fig.2):
thermal radiation. Three methods are shown to predict the 60
50
SEP (kW/m²)
(80, 120)
60
50
SEP (kW/m²)
(80, 120)
60
50
SEP (kW/m²)
(80, 120)

Surface Emissive Power (SEP) of hydrocarbon (JP-4) and organic i 40

30
20
(40, 80)
(20, 40)
(10, 20)
i 40
30
20
(40, 80)
(20, 40)
(10, 20)
40
30
20
(40, 80)
(20, 40)
(10, 20)
10
peroxide (DTBP, di-tert-butyl peroxide) pool fires. 10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
j
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
j
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
j
24 20 14

2. CFD simulation %
20
16
12
PDF
%
16
14
PDF
12
10
8
% 6
PDF

8
8 4

In CFD simulation a domain is represented by a 3-D hexahedral 4

0
20 40 60 80 100
4
0
2
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
120 0 20 40 60 80
block structured mesh. The fuel is assumed to be already 0

SEP SEP
SEP
12

evaporated. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used for modeling 10

8
PDF
turbulence. Following submodels are used: % 6
4
time averaged
2

- Assumed pdf approach with laminar 0

0 20 40 60 80

flamelet model containing up to 21 species and 42 SEP

elementary reactions
- Moss-Brookes soot model Fig. 2: (a) Instantaneous CFD predicted thermograms, (b)
- Discrete ordinates model for radiation SEP distributions and (c) time averaged SEP(x,y) distribution
of a JP-4 pool fire (d = 16 m)
3. Surface Emissive Power (SEP)
The SEP is a derived quantity and depends also on the flame In the third method SEPCFD can be predicted by determination of
surface AF and can be evaluated by: the irradiance ECFD with virtual wide-angle radiometers:
NT <SEP(t,d)>
S E P CFD( d ) ≡ < S E P ( d ) > = , ECFD(Dy/d) = tat aE fE,F (Dy/d) SEPCFD .
1 NT
The CFD predicted values of SEP show agreement with
experimental results especially in the case of JP-4 (Fig. 3):
SEPi,j(t,d) ax(i,j)
i j
with < SEP(t,d) > = , JP-4 SEP(JP-4,)OSRAMO II
ax(i,j) 300 Hägglund, exp. SEP(JP-4,) SFM

i j Vela, CFD

Kerosin
250
and SEPi,j(t,d) = (1- em(t,d)) Li,j(t,d) s n dW + em(t) s Ti,j4(t,d) . Hoftijzer, exp.

Shokri, exp.

sn<0
SEP[kW/m²]

Jap. Soc. Safety Eng., exp.

200
DTBP
In the first method it is necessary to determine a realistic flame Chun, exp.
surface AF. One possibility is an isosurface of temperature, e.g. 150
Chun, CFD

T = 400 K (Fig. 1). The CFD calculated heat flux SEPi,j(t,d) is

averaged over the isosurface AF and then averaged over the
100
steady burning time.

50

0
0.1 1 10 100
d [m]
Fig. 3: Measured and CFD predicted SEP(d) of hydrocarbon
and DTBP pool fires as a function of the pool diameter d

Fig. 1: CFD predicted instantaneous SEP(x,y,t) for an
isosurface T = 400 K of a JP-4 pool fire (d = 16 m)
4. Conclusions
With CFD simulation the instantaneous and time averaged surface
emissive power can be predicted principally by using the three
different methods. It can be shown that all methods agree well
with experimental results.
5. Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank Max-Buchner-Foundation,
Frankfurt am Main, for financial support.

European Congress of Chemical Engineering, ECCE 2011, Berlin

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