Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park (MVNP)

Burauen & La Paz, Leyte

Management Plan

(2018-2022)
Executive Summary
Protected area is defined as identified portions of land and water set aside by the reason of
their unique physical and biological significance managed to enhance biological diversity and
protected against destructive human exploitation (NIPAS Act 7586). To establish National
Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) within the area, it should have outstandingly
remarkable areas and biologically important public lands and ancestral domains that are habitats
of rare and endangered species of either plants and animals, bio-geographic zones and related
ecosystems, whether terrestrial wetlands or marine.

The Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park (MVNP) was declared as a National Park by virtue
of Proclamation No. 184 in August 27, 1937 primarily to preserve its scenic grandeur and natural
features and biologically important species. It is under the jurisdiction of two municipalities
namely: La Paz and Burauen of Leyte, Eastern Visayas. Its location is at 124 51’ 30’’ E longitude
and 10 52’ 30’’N latitude. As of 2012, it was being validated by National Mapping and Resources
Information Authority (NAMRIA) in which the park has only 341 hectares, not 635 hectares. The
greater portion of the MVNP belongs to the territorial jurisdiction of Burauen with an area of
239.315 hectares, while La Paz has only 191.51 hectares. MVNP has an elevation of approximately
417 to 620 meters above sea level. The area is characterized by mountainous to rolling terrain.
About 50% moderately sloping and 15% is steep. The classification of soil within the MVNP is
roughly mountainous rock. The soil type at the lower elevation is sandy loam while at the higher
elevation is clay loam topped with thick humus layer derived from decomposed forest litter.
MVNP has three lakes namely: Mahagnao, Malagsum and Matigbao. It also have rivers, hotsprings
and creeks.

MVNP has different ecosystems: Lake Ecosystem, Forest Ecosystem, Grassland

Ecosytem, Agricultural and Volcanic Ecosystem. It has well diverse flora and fauna. MVNP is
dominated by dipterocarps which are commonly Shorea species. Endangered species were
observed such as the pitcher plant and some other flora and fauna. Variety of fauna were also found
within the vicinity of the PA.

The PA covers two barangays one is the Brgy. Mahagnao in Burauen and the other one is
Brgy. Bocawon in La Paz. According to SRPAO 2015, among the approximate population of the

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two barangay only 1 was qualified as tenured migrant. The residents has different source of income
such as planting crops or farming, government support, and having stores. Some of them are self-
employed. Recreational activities can be done in MVNP such as swimming, trekking, camping,
bird watching, kayaking and many more.

Different proposed projects were done in MVNP this past few years. It also involves the
stakeholders such as the PO’s and LGU with the help of DENR and a private sector which was the
Energy Development Corporation (EDC). Although it is a protected area, threats, issues, and
concerns were identified and have been foreseen. It affects the biodiversity, socio-economic
aspects, and politics and governance.

The vision of MVNP was formulated through FGD with the PO’s. The vision was
breakdown into goals and objectives. These goals were translated into 4 different programs that
will serve as guides for the implementation and managing of the PA. Zonation of the PA was
identified, prescriptions every zone was given in this management plan. Roles of each stakeholders
were discussed in order to determine their limitations. Work and financial plan were determined
for each activities. Monitoring and evaluation will be done to assess the implementation and
management of the projects, activities, intervention and programs done in the PA. This will also
serve as basis for the next step in the improvement of the PA.

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Table of contents

Page no.
Cover Page 1
Executive Summary 2
Table of Contents 4
Acronyms 7

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Legal Basis for Protected Area management in the Philippines 8

1.2 Background of Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park 8
1.3 Boundaries and the Rational for their Location 9

2.0 Description of Protected Area

2.1 Biophysical Profile 10

2.1.1 Biographic Setting 10
2.1.2 Topography, Geology and Soils 11
2.1.3 Hydrology 12
2.1.3.1 Lakes 12
2.1.3.2 Hotspring 12
2.1.3.3 Rivers and Creeks 13
2.1.3.4 Stream flow velocity and discharge 13
2.1.4 Climate 15
2.1.5 Ecosystems, Flora and Fauna 16
2.1.5.1 Ecosystems 16
2.1.5.2 Watershed and vegetation 16
2.1.5.3 Flora 17
2.1.5.4 Fauna 19
2.1.5.4.1 Avians 19
2.1.5.4.2 Mammals 20
2.1.5.4.3 Herpetofauna 20
2.1.5.4.4 Fishes 21
2.1.5.4.5 Invertebrates 21
2.2 Socio-cultural and Economic Profile 22
2.2.1 Demography and Population 22
2.2.2 Tenured Occupant 23
2.2.3 Source of Income and Livelihood 24
2.2.4 Housing and Sanitation 24
2.2.5 Recreation and Ecotourism 24
2.3 Current and Proposed Programs and Projects 26
2.4 Threats, Issues and Concerns 28
2.4.1 Biodiversity 28
2.4.2 Socio-economic 28
2.4.3 Policy and Governance 28

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3.0 Map Information 29
3.1 Map on Biodiversity 29
3.2 Map on Values 30
3.3 Map on Threats 31
4.0 Situational Analysis 32
5.0 Vision, Goals and Objectives 37
6.0 Management Strategies, Intervention and Activities 40

6.1 Management Zoning 40

6.1.1 Strict Protection Zone 42
6.1.1.1 Description and Standards 42
6.1.1.2 Management Prescription 42
6.1.2 Multiple Use Zone 43
6.1.2.1 Description and Standards 43
6.1.2.2 Management Prescription 43

6.2 Management Programs 46

6.2.1 Biodiversity Management Program 46
6.2.1.1 Strategies and Activities 46
6.2.1.1.1 Boundary Demarcation and 46
Monumenting
6.2.1.1.2 Community Based Resource 47
Protection System
6.2.1.1.2.1 Establishment of PAO protection 47
And Law Enforcement Unit
6.2.1.1.2.2 Mobilization of Community 48
Volunteers
6.2.1.1.2.3 Creation of Community Volunteers 48
to Assist In Resource Protection
6.2.1.1.2.4 Deputation and Capacity Building 49
6.2.1.1.2.5 Enforcement and Prosecution 49
6.2.1.1.3 Habitat and Watershed Restoration 50
6.2.1.1.4 Biodiversity Monitoring and 51
Research System
6.2.1.1.4.1 Biodiversity Monitoring System 51
6.2.1.1.4.2 Biodiversity Researches 52
6.2.1.1.5 Conservation Awareness and Education 52
and Nature
6.2.2 Community Outreach Program 54
6.2.2.1 Strategies and Activities 54
6.2.2.1.1 Community Organizing and Capacity Building 54
6.2.2.1.2 Sustainable Livelihood 55
6.2.2.1.3 Land Tenure Security 56
6.2.2.1.4 Delivery of Basic Social Services 58
6.2.3 Community Based Ecotourism Program 59

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 6.2.3.1 Strategies and Activities
6.2.3.1.1 Partnership Development 59
6.2.3.1.2 Social Preparations Livelihood Development 60
And Ecotourism Services
6.2.3.1.3 Development of Visitors Facilities 60
6.2.3.1.4 Pilot Site-Based Ecotourism Events 61
6.2.3.1.5 Marketing Promotion 61
6.2.3.1.6 Carrying Capacity and Feasibility Studies of 62
Other Areas
6.2.4 Stakeholders Participation and Management Program 63
6.2.4.1 Strategies and Activities 63
6.2.4.1.1 Enactment of MVNP Act 63
6.2.4.1.2 PAMB and Protected Area Office Operations 64
6.2.4.1.2.1 PAMB Operations 64
6.2.4.1.2.2 Protected Area Office Operations 66
6.2.4.1.2.3 Capacity Building 67
6.2.4.1.2.4 Partnership Building and Co- 68
Management System
6.2.4.1.2.5 Integration of MVNP Management 69
Plan to the Larger Landscape of Leyte
Island
6.2.4.1.2.6 Resource Generation 69
6.2.4.1.2.7 Policy Development and 70
Implementation
6.2.4.1.2.8 Monitoring and Evaluation System 71

7.0 Human Resources and Institutional Arrangements 73

7.1 The PAMB 73

7.2 Protected Area Office 74
7.3 Proposed MVNP Organization Structure and Staffing 75
7.4 Participation of Local Government Unit 76
7.5 Participation of Civil Society 77

8.0 Logical Framework 79

9.0 Financial Plan 84
10.0 Management Plan Implementation 89
11.0 Monitoring and Evaluation 97
11.1 Monitoring and Evaluation 97
11.2 Management Effectiveness Assessment

References 98
Appendices 99

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Acronyms

BDFE Biodiversity Friendly Enterprise

BDC Barangay Development Council
BFD Bureau of Forestry Development
BDFE Biodiversity Friendly Enterprise
BAMS Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring System
BMS Biodiversity Monitoring System
CENRO Community Environment and Natural Resources Office
CEPA Community Education and Public Awareness
DAO DENR Administrative Order
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DENRO’s Deputized Environment and Natural Resources Office
DOJ Department of Justice
DOST Department of Science and Technology
DOT Department of Tourism
EDC Energy Development Corporation
GMP General Management Plan
LAMCOA Lake Mahagnao Community Association
LGBU Leyte Geothermal Business Unit
LGU Local Government Unit
METT Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool
MFA Mahagnao Farmers Association
MOA Memorandum of Agreement
MRWDA Mahagnao Rural Workers Development Association
NAMRIA National Mapping and Resources Information Authority
NIPAS National Integrated Protected Area System
NGO Non-government Organization
NGP National Greening Program
NPC National Power Corporation
NRCO Natural Resource Conservation Office
PAMB Protected Area Management Board
PA Protected Area
PACBRMA Protected Area Community Based Resource Management Agreement
PAG-ASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration
PAO Protected Area Office
PASA Protected Area Suitability Assessment
PASu Protected Area Superintendent
PENRO Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office
PNOC Philippine National Oil Company
PO People’s Organization
RBI Resources Basic Inventory
RD Regional Director
SEAMS Socio-economic Assessment Monitoring System
SLP Sustainable Livelihood Programs
SPA Seed Production Areas
SRPAO Survey and Registration of Protected Area Occupants

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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Legal Basis for Protected Area Management in the Philippines

Protected area is defined as identified portions of land and water set aside by the reason of
their unique physical and biological significance managed to enhance biological diversity and
protected against destructive human exploitation (NIPAS Act 7586). The establishment of
protected areas is an important mechanism for achieving the aim of habitat conservation and
protection to stop declining of biodiversity.
In relation to this, there is hereby established a National Integrated Protected Areas System
(NIPAS), which shall encompass outstandingly remarkable areas and biologically important
public lands and ancestral domains that are habitats of rare and endangered species of plants and
animals, bio-geographic zones and related ecosystems, whether terrestrial wetlands or marine, all
of which shall be designated as "protected areas" (Rule 2, DAO 2008-26).
Protected areas shall be categorized as follows: Strict nature reserve; Natural park; Natural
monument; Wildlife sanctuary; Protected landscapes and seascapes; Resource reserve; Natural
biotic areas; and other categories established by law, conventions or international agreements
which the Philippine Government is a signatory (Rule 4, DAO 2008-26).

1.2 Background of Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park

The Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park (MVNP) was declared as a National Park by virtue
of Proclamation No. 184 in August 27, 1937 primarily to preserve its scenic grandeur and natural
features. As a natural park, it has been an initial component of the NIPAS until it was proclaimed
as Protected Area (PA). The management of Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park has undergone a
series of succession of DENR offices since its proclamation as a national park in August 27, 1937.
Proclamation No. 184 placed MVNP under the control and administration of Bureau of Forestry
Development (BFD) which is now under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR). It was placed under the control and administration of the National Power Corporation
(NCP) by virtue of Proclamation No. 1112 dated February 21, 1973 by setting apart a portion of
land intended as geothermal reservation which included the area embracing MVNP. The
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subsequent proclamation was later on amended by Presidential Decree No. 1749 dated December
10, 1980 vesting the jurisdiction and control over the geothermal and watershed reservations in
the Ministry of Energy (MOE). MNR Memorandum dated April 26, 1982 of the then MNR
Minister Teodoro Q. Peña, effected the formal turn-over of the three (3) geothermal reservation to
the MOE pursuant to Presidential decree No. 1749, but retaining the management of the natural
park to the Bureau of Forest Development (BFD). Subsequently, MNR Administrative Order No.
47 dated September 14, 1982 transferred the management of the park to the Natural Resources
Conservation Office (NRCO). Finally, MNR Administrative Order No. 47 dated April 26, 1986
placed back the control and management of the park from NRCO to the then BFD which is now
under the DENR.

1.3 Boundaries and the Rational for their Location

It is bounded on the North along lines 69-1 and 1-4 by Alienable and Disposable land,
project No. 25-C, Block II; along lines 35-57 by Timberland, Project No. 12-E, Block-A; on the
South and Southern along lines 57-69 by Project No. 25-C, Block II, Alienable and Disposable
land; along lines 4-5 by Project No. 25-C, Block-A, Timberland and along lines 5-12 by Project
No. 12-A, Timberland; and on the West, Northwest and Southwest along lines 12-35 by Project
No. 12-E, Block III, by Alienable and Disposable land.

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 2.0 Description of Protected Area

2.1 Bio-physical Profile

2.1.1 Biographic Setting

Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park (MVNP) lies within the Leyte Geothermal
Reservation at geographical coordinates 124 51’ 30’’ E longitude and 10 52’ 30’’N latitude
in Leyte, Eastern Visayas. The area of the park was shared by the municipalities of Burauen
and La Paz (2015). The total area of MVNP is 635 hectares. During the year 2012, the area
was validated by National Mapping and Resources Information Authority (NAMRIA) in
which the park has only 341 hectares, not 635 hectares. The greater portion of the MVNP
belongs to the territorial jurisdiction of Burauen with an area of 239.315 hectares, while La
Paz has only 191.51 hectares. However, this still needs to be subjected for legality. The
park is approximately forty two (42) kilometers away from Tacloban City.

Proclaimed Area

NAMRIA Validated Area

Figure 1. A map showing the jurisdiction of MVNP validated by National Mapping and Resources
Information Authority (NAMRIA), 2012 in which MVNP has only 341 hectares

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2.1.2 Topography, Geology and Soils

MVNP has an elevation of approximately 417 to 620 meters above sea level. The
area is characterized by mountainous to rolling terrain. About 50% moderately sloping and
15% steep. There are four (4) mountains in the area, the biggest is the Mt. Mahagnao that
dominates the north central portion of the park, which is claimed extinct by the
volcanologist. It has an andesitic peak which stands over eight hundred (800) meters a.s.l.
and the adjoining lakes. The cluster of volcano peaks covers an area of approximately two
hundred hectares overlooking the three (3) lakes and the whole national park. In the 500-
meter elevation in the southern side, the popular mountain of sulfuric fumaroles which
could be seen at a far distance from the park, and it could serve as a reference point in case
one is lost inside the park. Sulfuric geothermal fluids from the fumaroles have affected an
area of approximately four (4) hectares. It is easily visible at a distance, the area being
barren vegetation strewn with whit clay and multi-colored rocks. This unusual mud has
colors ranging from maroon to dirty white. The classification of soil within the MVNP is
roughly mountainous rock. The soil type at the lower elevation is sandy loam while at the
higher elevation is clay loam topped with thick humus layer derived from decomposed
forest litter. Insignificant sulfuric deposits are also found around sulfuric springs.

Table 1. Soil Analysis Result

Available P
Sample pH OM (%) Total N (%) (mg/kg) Exchangeable K (mg/kg)
Forest soil 4.99 1.370 0.082 0.335 16.600
Source: BAMS 2017

Soil sampling and analysis was done in MVNP. Forest soils were gathered as the
samples in the areas were Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring System (BAMS) was
conducted. The results shows the soil in MVNP is acidic since it has the soil pH of 4.99.
pH levels below 7 shows that the soil is acidic, pH=7 means neutral, while pH>7 means
the soil is basic or alkine. However, the ideal range for plants is from pH=5.5 to 7. Due to
changes in the edaphic environment plants tends to adopt and adjust to the change. Organic
matter refers to the life force of a rich and organic soil. It usually comes from living or dead
plants or animals at different phases of decomposition and microorganisms and their
section. According to Osman (2013), forest mineral soils usually have 1-5% organic matter

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 by weight. In the case of MVNP, it has 1.370% of organic matter. Total nitrogen, available
phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium was also determined. These minerals are
essential for plant growth. As a result, the total nitrogen was 0.082%, available phosphorus,
was 0.335 mg/kg, and exchangeable potassium was 16.600 mg/kg.

2.1.3 Hydrology

2.1.3.1 Lakes

Three (3) mountain lakes are found within the park, namely: Lake Mahagnao, Lake
Malagsum, and Lake Matigbao or Hubasan.

Lake Mahagnao is the largest of the three (3) lakes with an area of fourteen (14)
hectares and of the deepest portion of the lake measure about 60 meters. It is surrounded
with lush vegetation of shrubs, bushes and century-old trees.

Lake Malagsum is the second largest of the three lakes with an area of
approximately six (6) hectares. The deepest portion of the lake is about six (6) meters. Lake
Malagsum is inhibited by freshwater life. This is attributed to the sulfuric and acidic content
of its water which taste sour or “Malagsum” in local dialect, hence, its name.

Lake Matigbao or Hubasan is the smallest of the three lakes, covering an area of
approximately three (3) hectares. It lies in a higher elevation at about 700 meters above sea
level compared to the two lakes which lie at about 400 to 450 meters elevation. It is
surrounded by thick vegetation. In contrast to Lake Malagsum, Lake Matigbao has a
bountiful supply of rich aquatic life making it ideal for game fishing. However, during long
dry season its water level decreases at considerable depth. Agoho trees are naturally grown
in the immediate vicinities.

2.1.3.2 Hotsprings

It has also two (2) hot springs, namely: Calor and Magkilat Hot springs. These have
been studied as part of the exploration for potential sources of geothermal energy by the
Philippines National Oil Company (PNOC) in 1988. Calor hot spring is located between
mountain ridges of primary forest which is about one and a half kilometer southwest from
the entrance of the park. Magkilat hot spring is found on the eastern part Lake of Mahagnao.

12
It is accessible by boat from Lake Mahagnao where its hot water drains to it. The hot spring
encourages the influx of local park visitors. Its bubbling hot water being noted to be
medicinal, possibly due to its sulfuric content.

2.1.3.3 Rivers and Creeks

Rivers and creeks are also situated in the area. Magkilat Creek is the only source of
the lake with an outlet locally called as “awasan”. It will drain to a waterfall outside of the
natural park called “Guin-aniban Falls”, which is approximately two hundred fifty (250)
meters north from Marabong River. Several tributary creeks of Marabong River drain the
park area.

Mainit River is located in the western portion of the park. Calor Hot spring is one
of the tributaries of this river. It is traversing the mountain ridges of the natural park
southward. Over the years, it has attracted many local park visitors to bath in this river
rheumatoid, arthritis, and skin diseases. A small stream is located at the entrance of the
park, named Matugnao Creek because of its cold water or “matugnao” in local dialect. The
creek marks the park’s boundary from the entrance. Currently no water district has been
tapping on the different bodies of water found within the PA.

2.1.3.4 Stream Flow Velocity and Discharge

Table 1. Float Method To Determine Streamflow Velocity ( MVNP)

Trial Distance Time (s) Velocity Cross section (m2) Flow
no. (m) (m/s) Depth (m) Width (m) (m3/s)
1. 5 9.4 0.531915 0.042 0.625 1.595745
2. 5 9.1 0.549451 0.24 0.625 1.648352
3. 5 10.5 0.47619 0.26 0.625 1.428571
4. 5 9.3 0.537634 0.22 0.625 1.612903
5. 5 9.45 0.529101 0.062 0.625 1.587302
Average 9.55 0.524858 0.151 0.625 1.574575
Source: BAMS 2017

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Table 2. Water Discharge in MVNP
Station Depth Width Area Velocity Water Discharge(m3/s)
No. (m) (m) (m2) (m/s)
1 0 0 0 0.524858 0
2 0.042 0.625 0.02625 0.524858 0.013777523
3 0.24 0.625 0.15 0.524858 0.0787287
4 0.26 0.625 0.1625 0.524858 0.085289425
5 0.22 0.625 0.1375 0.524858 0.072167975
6 0.062 0.625 0.03875 0.524858 0.020338248
7 0 0.625 0 0.524858 0
Total 0.515 0.27030187

Source: BAMS 2017

The stream flow velocity and water discharged were determined by float method and
measurement of the stream. Based on the result from BAMS (2017), the average velocity
of the stream in MVNP was 0.524858 m/s. The cross-sectional area of the stream measures
0.515 m2. In conclusion the stream can discharge 0.27030187 m3 of water per second or
23, 354 m3 of water per day.

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2.1.4 Climate

The climatic condition of MVNP belongs to type IV (PAG-ASA report 1992), which
means that the area is characterized as having unpronounced dry and wet season.

Table 1. Annual climatic condition of the area from the year 2007-2016
Average High Average Low
Temperature Temperature Relative Total Rainfall
Year (◦C) (◦C) Humidity (%) (mm)
2007 33.6 23.43333 84.66667 2447.9
2008 33.34167 23.575 86.16667 4097.8
2009 33.74167 23.20833 84.66667 2794.2
2010 30.625 23.73333 83.58333 2134.7
2011 32.85833 23.60833 84.75 4761.8
2012 33.575 23.86667 83.25 3445.2
2013 33.76 23.13 81.6 2136.1
2014 33.63333 22.28333 82.5 3433.3
2015 30.90833333 21.225 82.25 2267.8
2016 33 23.28333 83.16667 2367
Source: DOST,2017

Table 1 shows the annual climatic condition of MVNP from 2007- 2016.
Temperature refers to the hotness and coldness of the area. From the year 2007 to present
there is only a little change average high and low temperature. The highest annual
temperature was recorded at the year 2009, which is 33.7◦C. The lowest annual temperature
recorded is during year 2015, which is 21.7◦C. Relative humidity refers to the moisture
content of a certain area. In terms of relative humidity the highest annual relative humidity
was recorded during the year 2008, which is 86.16%, and decreases until the year 2015,
were the lowest recorded annual relative humidity which is only 82.25%. Annual total
rainfall refers to the amount of rainfall received by the area for a year. The highest recorded
amount of rainfall in a year was recorded during 2011 and 2008, which received more than
4000mm, while the lowest was recorded during 2013. During this year typhoon Haiyan
(Yolanda) was in Leyte, and it causes a serious damage in the area. Due to these
circumstances the data of the year 2013 was not completed and recorded.

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2.1.5 Ecosystems, Flora and Fauna

2.1.5.1 Ecosystems

The park contains different ecosystems types: forest ecosystem, lake ecosystems,
volcanic ecosystem and hot spring, grassland ecosystem and agricultural ecosystems. It can
be generally described as adequately covered with forest vegetation composed mainly of
primary and secondary growth forest.

The lake ecosystem consists of three lakes: Lake Mahagnao, Lake Malagsum, and
Lake Matigbao. The three lakes is the home of different flora and fauna in MVNP. Example
are the century old trees near the Lake Mahagnao, thousands of wild ducks in Lake
Malagsum. Lake Mahagnao is also a source of livelihood to the PO’s in which they can
fish tilapia and get other resources.

MVNP has a diverse forest ecosystem. A lot of unique flora and fauna is found in
the area. Most of the trees found in the area are dipterocarps. It is dominated by Shorea
species that has been categorized as vulnerable to critically endangered. One of the unique
flora found in the MVNP was the pitcher plant that was considered as critically endangered
by IUCN, 2017. Different herbal plants are also found in the area. Different kinds of fauna
are also found in the area most of them are considered as least concern by IUCN, 2017.

Hotsprings and Volcano are present in the area. The Mahagnao volcano is
considered as an extinct volcano. Sulfur deposits are observed in the area. There is also a
hotspring named Calor found in MVNP. It is believed that this hotspring is considered as
medicinal because of the sulfur content of the water.

There is also a grassland ecosystem in the area. It is mainly composed of bamboo

and few other species of grasses. Presence of agricultural areas were also observed. This is
mainly planted with coconut, gabi, sweet potato, and corn. It is considered one of the source
of livelihood and food of the people living in MVNP.
2.1.5.2 Watershed and vegetation
The MVNP has a large watershed area in which it covers the total of 86.243
hectares. Different vegetation types are present in the area such as open forest, shurbs, and
wooded grassland.

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2.1.5.3 Flora

MVNP is a diverse area. Presence of different flora and fauna is found within
the area. Most trees found in the area were dipterocarps, specifically the Shorea species.
Dominant species found in the area are Shorea polysperma (Tanguile), and Shorea contorta
(White Lauan), which is considered as a critically endangered (IUCN, 2017). There are
also other dipterocarp species within the area that are considered as critically endangered
such as, S. negrosensis (Red Lauan), S. palosapis (Mayapis), Dipterocarpus grandifloras
(Apitong), Hopea malibato (Malibato). Other species that were also classified as critically
endangered species were also observed in the area, one of which is Tristanlopis decorticate
(Malabayabas). Most of the tree species found within the PA were categorized as
vulnerable to critically endangered. (See Appendix Table for the list of tree species in the
MVNP)

Table 2. List of tree species that is categorized as vulnerable to critically endangered

Common
Name Scientific Name Conservation Status Source
critically
Apitong Dipterocarpus grandiflorus IUCN, 2017
endangered
Balobo Diplodiscus paniculatus vulnerable IUCN, 2017
Katmon Dillenia philippinensis vulnerable IUCN, 2017
critically
Tanguile Shorea polysperma IUCN, 2017
endangered
critically
White lauan Shorea contorta IUCN, 2017
endangered
critically
Red lauan Shorea negrosensis IUCN, 2017
endangered
Wakatan Palaquium philippense vulnerable IUCN, 2017
Malabayabas Tristaniopsis decorticate vulnerable IUCN, 2017
Taguile Shorea polysperma vulnerable DAO 2007-01
critically
Malibato Hopea malibato IUCN, 2017
endangered
critically
Mayapis Shorea palosapis IUCN, 2017
endangered
Milipili Canarium luzonicum vulnerable IUCN, 2017
Narra Pterocarpus indicus vulnerable IUCN, 2017
Source: BMS, 2017

Miscellaneous and lesser known tree species along with wildings of

Dipterocarpaceae, entertained with vines, bushes, rattans and endless carpet of ferns and

17
some herbaceous plants from the forest floor. Orchid and variety of aerial and epiphytic
add color to the vegetation of the park. On the mountain top or highest peak in the area a
mossy type of vegetation exists. Giant tree fern, various species of rattan, palms, and vines
are the most numerous and becoming abundant as elevation increases. Mosses grow
densely on the branches and trunk of tall trees even covering rocks and ground. While the
vegetation at the slopes of the volcano and mountain peaks appear to be stunted. Casuarina
montana (Agoho) are abundant in the area along with bushes and shrubs.

The result of Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring System (BAMS) shows the
result of the upper canopy biodiversity, understory diversity assessment and percentage
species cover of the ground cover species and biodiversity value matrix along the BAMS
2km transect line. As part of the results, there were 38 species of upper canopy diversity.
It shows that the Hamindang ang Muging shows the highest biodiversity index, where H=
0.22643306. It was followed by S. negrosensis, where H= 0.012750822 and Bay-ang where
H= 0.19495956. Other species shows low biodiversity index, where H= 0.00500533. The
result of understorey diversity assessment shows that there were 61 total number of species
with 337 individuals. Species like Hatotngaw has the highest biodiversity index, where H=
0.1222438 and it was followed by Tobog, where H= 0.06337994 and the rest of the species
shows the lowest bioviversity index, where H= 0.00500533. It has a total of H= 1.11373852
which is considered as low in the category of relative values. The percentage cover of
ground cover species shows that the plant Lokdo has the highest percentage cover which
has 1.807%. The total coverage of ground cover species is 12.23%. It is affected by
dominance of other forest tree species with overlapped their canopy. Also due to the
conduct of measurement was done in the areas with open canopies and absence of larger
trees which may suppress them. The general biodiversity value matrix in the area where
the BAMS was conducted is considerably low. (See appendix tables for the detailed result).

18
2.1.5.4 Fauna

2.1.5.4.1 Avians

Avians or birds are warm blooded animals covered with feathers and wings and
develops from eggs. A total of 97 species of birds belonging to 38 families were recorded
in MVNP (BAMS, 2017). Thirty seven (37) of these are endemics, of which thirty-one (31)
are endemic to the Philippines. Thirty eight (38) of these species are resident species and
there were also four (4) migratory species. Among the thirty seven (37) endemic species,
five (5) were in the IUCN threatened category list consistent to DAO 2004-15.
ThePhilippine Hawk Eagle (Nizaetus philippinensis), Little Slaty Flycatcher (Ficedula
basilanica) were considered as vulnerable. Visayan Broadbill (Eurylaimus steerii), Tarictic
Hornbill (Penelopides panini) and Mindanao Bleeding Heart (Gallicolumba criniger) were
listed as Endangered (EN). The total diversity index of the 79 birds species, the Philippine
duck (Anas luzonica) got the highest individual values of H= 0.27277578 and Important
Values of 22.59363 followed by the species of Philippine Bulbul (Hypsipetes philippinus),
with Individual Values of H= 0.24192664 and Important Values 12.33466 and the third is
the species of Yellow-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier) with Individual Value of H=
0.18402687 and Important Values= 9.33061. While on the other species got the lowest of
H= 0.00500334 and Important Values= 0.289927 these are Motacilla flava, Aethopyga
shelleyi, Pitta sordida, Pitta steerii, Accipiter trivirgatus, Cuculus fugax, Motacilla
cinerea, Cacomantis merulinus, Butastur indicus, and Batrachostomus septimus. The
overall total diversity index is H=3.3225008 categorized as high.

A large group of Dendrocygna arcuata (Wandering- whistling duck), was found in

Lake Malagsum. Large number of Loriculus philippinensis (Philippine hanging parrot) and
Aethopyga pulcherrima (Mettalic-Winged Sunbird) were also observed in the area. Other
species such Centropus viridis (Philippine coucal), Pycnonotous goiavier (Yellow- Vented
Bulbul, Phapitreton leucotis (White- Eared Brown Dove), Nectarinia jugularis (Olive-
backed Sunbird), Discrurus bactereatus (Spangeled drongo), Macronous stiaticeps
(Brown-tit Blabber), Bolbopsittacus lunulatus (Guaiabero), Megalaima haemacephala
(Coppersmith Barbet), Spilornis cheela (Serpent eagle), Ptilinopus urostictus (White-
Breasted Fruit Dove), Collocalia esculenta (Glossy Swiflet), Phapitreton Lecotis (White-

19
 Eared Brown Dove), Dendrocopos maculatus (Philippine Pygmy Wood Picker), and
Saccops calvus (Coleto) can be seen in the area. The lakes likewise serve as feeding ground
of some important birds of prey particularly for Brahminy Kite (Haliastus indus
intermidius), some migratory birds such as Philippine Mallard (Anas luzonica) and Brown
Shrike (Lanius critatus). They are categorized as least concern by IUCN, 2017. (See
Appendix Table)

2.1.5.3.2 Mammals

Mammals are animals that raises its young on milk. Presence of mammals were
also observed such as Giant Fruit Bat (Pteropus vampyrus lanensis) and Civet Cat. Wild
boar is also reported to be commonly encountered in cultivated areas feeding on crops.
Some amphibians were also observed in PA.

2.1.5.3.3 Herpetofauna

Reptiles were also observed in the PA. They are ectothermic or cold blooded
animals with tough, dry skin covered with horny scales. Amphibians are animals with moist
hairless skin through which waters may come in or out, and they are cold blooded. There
were about thirty five (35) species both reptiles and amphibians were found within the PA
specifically along the 2k transect line established for BAMS. It belongs to ten (10) families,
where fourteen (14) species were considered as endemic in the Philippines. Among these
thirty five (35) species, thirteen (13) were Philippine resident species, and three (3) were
restricted range species. These following restricted range species were Samar Wolf Snake
(Lycodon ferroni), Samar Cobra (Naja samarensis) and the Leyte Sphenomorphus
(Sphenomorphus llanosi). Among the (14) endemic species, one (1) is on them is in the
IUCN threatened category list, consistent to DAO 2004-15, like the Philippine Sailfin
Lizard (Hydrosaurus pustulatus) which is listed as Vulnerable species (VU). On the other
hand, two (2) species were found to have a very limited number base on their appearance
during the conduct of assessment in the area and it seems that its population is declining.
Probably it was caused by either forest destruction or human consumption. The identified
species were the Varanus salvator and Limnonectes magna. Based on result of the study in
the area, a total of eight hundred forty nine (849) individuals on both reptiles and

20
 amphibians were recorded. The total diversity index of the species, Kaloula picta got the
highest individual value of H= 0.18402687, followed by Limnonectes magna with the value
of H= 0.1314811 and the third was Draco bimaculatus with H= 0.12381343 while on the
other end, Oxyrhabdium modestum got the lowest value, H=0.009057889. The total
diversity index is H=2.15001546, which is categorized as moderate high based from the
category of relative values as shown below.

2.1.5.3.4 Fishes

Fish are animals that live and breathe under water. In MVNP, fishes like tilapia,
carps, eels, and mudfish can be found in the lake.

2.1.5.3.5 Invertebrates

Invertebrates are animals which has no backbone. Some invertebrates were seen
within the PA especially within the lake. Examples of invertebrates found in the lake are
the mollusks or animals with soft bodies and hard shells. Within PA they have univalves
and bivalves such as fresh water tahong, tulya, and suso.

21
 2.2 Socio-cultural and Economic Profile

2.2.1 Demography and Population

There are two (2) barangays are located within the proximity of the park, Barangay
Mahagnao and Barangay Bocawon. Barangay Mahagnao lies on the southern part of the
park just across and overlooking Lake Mahagnao which falls under the territorial
jurisdiction of Burauen. Barangay Bocawon is situated on the eastern part which belongs
to the territorial jurisdiction of La Paz. It is about five (5) kilometers away from the park.

Table1. Socio Demographic Information of Brgy. Mahagnao, Burauen, Leyte.

Household Heads Household Members Total Area Occupied (ha) Total No. Of
Name of Qualified
Home Farm
Barangay Male Female Total Male Female Total Total Tenured
lot Lot
Migrants

Mahagnao 135 15 150 324 324 648 2.7205 79.3900 82.1105 1

Source: SRPAO, 2015

Table2. Socio Demographic Information of Brgy. Bocawon, Lapaz, Leyte.

Household Heads Household Members Total Area Occupied (ha) Total No.
Of
Name of
Qualified
Barangay Male Female Total Male Female Total Homelot Farmlot Total
Tenured
Migrants

Bocawon 52 4 56 110 122 232 0.3594 2.20 2.5594 0

Source: SRPAO, 2015

As of the report of SRPAO in 2015, the two (2) barangays have an approximate
population of 880, which is composed of 324 males and 324 females from Brgy.
Mahagnao, 110 males and 122 females from Brgy. Bocawon, and 1 qualified tenure

22
 migrant in Bgry. Mahagnao. There were 150 households found in Brgy. Mahagnao, while
56 were found in Brgy. Bocawon, a total number of 206 households.
The total homelot of the occupants in Brgy. Mahagnao is 2.721 hectares and the
total estimated farm lots were 79.390 hectares for a total of 82.111 hectares of area
occupied by the protected area occupants with an average home lot of 0.018 hectares and
1.30 hectares farm lot per household. The total home lots in Bgry. Bocawon is 0.359
hectares with an average of 0.006 hectares per household and 2.20 hectares of farm lots
owned only by two occupants with a total of 2.554 hectares occupied by the occupants.

Table 3. Educational Attainment of occupants of Brgy. Mahagnao, Burauen, Leyte

Day Elementary High school College

None
st nd rd st nd
Care/ Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 1 2 3 4th 1 2 3rd 4th
Kinder 1 2 3 4 5 6 year year year year year year year year

62 41 50 49 45 58 67 98 29 31 35 51 11 2 0 13
Source: SRPAO, 2015

Table 4. Educational Attainment of occupants of Brgy. Bocawon, Lapaz, Leyte

Day Elementary High school College
None
Care/ Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Kinder 1 2 3 4 5 6 year year year year year year year year

5 16 23 18 25 18 37 32 18 6 11 18 3 2 0 0
Source: SRPAO, 2015

Most of the people in two barangays reached up to elementary level only due to
financial problems and remote location of the area. Very few of them graduated or reached
up to college level. In terms of religious beliefs, 98% of them are Roman Catholics.

2.2.2 Tenured Occupant

As stated in DAO 2008-26, rule 15.2, the reckoning period for five (5) years to
qualify as tenured migrant shall be, for initial components of NIPAS, August 5, 1987 or
five (5) years prior to the effectively date of the NIPAS Act. For expanded additional area
of NIPAS, the reckoning date for recognition of tenured migrants shall be five (5) years

23
 prior to the recent proclamation. In the case of MVNP, out of 150 households in the
barangay there is only 1 qualified tenured occupant since the occupant has farmlots which
is inside the protected area of MVNP, whereas the remaining occupants are outside the
protected area (homelot and farmlot). The requirements of the contestant for qualified
tenured occupants where those who lived near the protected area before the NIPAS Act
was approved. (SRPAO, 2015).

2.2.3 Source of Income and Livelihood

The primary source of income in the two barangays are farming. They planted root
crops such as gabi, camote, cassava, corn, bananas and vegetable to sustain their needs.
Since the crops that are planted are not for sale, they get their daily income through
government poverty support project which is the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program of
DSWD. They can also get their income through labour and sell livestock such as pigs and
chicken. One of their activities is fishing in the Lake Mahagnao to catch tilapia for their
consumption. The minimum of a farmer’s total income is only 12,000 per year. Others
farmers can reach up to 50,000 a year because they have other source of income, like sari-
sari store, carpentry, driving a motorcycle, helper, construction worker and others were
Brgy. Officials (SRPAO, 2015).

2.2.4 Housing and Sanitation

Most of the occupants owned their houses. Some are having rentals. Their housing
unit material is wood but others are galvanized iron/aluminum. They used timber in
constructing their home. Aside from timber they also use non-timber products such as
bamboo which is commonly used in constructing their house. The spring is the source of
their water. They dispose their wastes through composting and burning (SRPAO, 2015).

Capturing wild animals has been their doings in late 70s and 80s by the occupants,
such as wild pigs, deer, wild ducks and pythons. Since Lake Mahagnao can be considered
as a protected area under NIPAS SYSTEM, as of now hunting of wild animals in the forest
is not their daily routine since there were many wild animals that have been critically
endangered as facing the very high risk of extinction in the wild (SRPAO, 2015). Although
the MVNP is declared as PA, the people in the area still lacks the knowledge on

24
 government policies and programs regarding PA management and biodiversity
conservation due to lack of time in getting the information and the information itself is less
disseminated (Perception Survey, 2016) .

2.2.5 Recreation and Ecotourism

There are recreational activities that can be done within the PA such as bird
watching along Lake Malagsum, bathing at Calor Hotspring, kayaking, swimming,
camping and renting floating cottage/cottage along Lake Mahagnao. Trekking, educational
tours, enjoying the view of the mountain ranges of Burauen and Lake Malagsum at the
Lookout Tower, and spending a night on the ecolodge can also be done within the PA.

25
2.3 Current and Proposed Programs and Projects

The development of MVNP started in year 1982, the park was placed under the
management of the defunct Natural Resources Conservation Office (NRCO). A number of
development programs and projects were introduced in the park among which were the
construction of temporary office quarters, cottages, kiosks, watch tower and foot trail.

In June 1992, the DENR has released the budget for the implementation of the Restoration
Plan for MVNP. It has an approved budget of One Hundred Ninety Nine Thousand Eight Hundred
Forty One Pesos and Eleven Centavos (P199,841) which is intended to rehabilitate 28 hectares of
open and denuded areas within the park in order to restore its vegetative cover under the Assisted
Natural Regeneration (ANR).

The DENR-PAWB now BMB has funded two (2) major activities consistent with the
implementation of the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992. These
are the conduct of Census and Registration of Protected Area Occupants as well as the conduct of
Protected Area Suitability Assessment (PASA) for MVNP with an approved budget of Sixty One
Thousand Five Hundred Forty Four (P61,544.00) which was released in September and December
of 1993.

There are some researches that were being conducted such as Resources Basic Inventory
(RBI) of the park’s biophysical and socio-economic features which was conducted by the DENR
Regional Staff and the preparation of the 1st Management Manual and Management Plan of MVNP
which aimed to provide the general framework for the overall management of the park. Currently
there is already an Ecotourism Development plan and Business plan for MVNP.

At present, there are existing programs and proposed projects in MVNP. These are the two
registered and established PO’s within the PA: the Mahagnao Rural Workers Development
Association (MRWDA) and Lake Mahagnao Community Association (LAMCOA). These PO’s
are one of the stakeholders of the PA, where they were in partnership with DENR for its
development and protection. Each PO’s have their projects being implemented. The National
Greening Program (NGP) from 2011 to 2013 and Seed Production Areas (SPA) 2015 by the
MRWDA which was funded by the DENR. The LAMCOA projects were funded by the Energy
Development Corporation (EDC) - Leyte Geothermal Business Unit (LGBU) which is the BINHI

26
with the fund of P224,000. Currently LAMCOA is having its maintenance with a budget of
P73,000. Also, there is a Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) P290,000 which started last
December 2016 by the Local Government Unit (LGU) for the members of LAMCOA.

Facilities and infrastructures had been established such as the Ecolodge, a 1 storey building
consists of 5 rooms amounting 4.5M (2015), and Arboretum, Lookout Tower and Jetty Landing
for Kayak funded by the DENR. Through the efforts of the MRWDA and LAMCOA, floating
cottages/cottages were built along Lake Mahagnao. A multi-purpose hall was also established by
MRWDA. Researches were also conducted like the Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS) and
Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring System (BAMS). Development of Calor Hotspring was
proposed by LGU Bureaun for CY 2018.

27
2.4 Threats, Issues and Concerns

2.4.1 Biodiversity

 Increasing population which leads to forest occupancy and sanitation

 Possible use of timber for house construction
 Timber poaching/ firewood gathering
 Volcanic threats due to high sulfur content
 Natural phenomena that might destroy the trees and other floras in the PA
 Pollution and erosion along Lake Malagsum due to road construction
 Fishing used of unspecified mesh nets
 Wildlife hunting (e.g. wild pig, wild chicken, deer)
 Presence of invasive species (e.g. palo verde, Acacia mangium, Mahogany) that
was considered as competitions of the native species in the PA

2.4.2 Socio-economic

 Presence of insurgency in adjacent barangays

 Unexpected unfavorable peace and order condition
 Lack of means of transportation
 Communication problems
 Frequent changes of personnel assignment
 Lack of awareness about the protected area that leads to destruction of biodiversity
 Unregulated tourism
 Unregulated/unnoticeable timber poaching/firewood gathering

2.4.3 Policy and Governance

 Limited financial support from LGU’s (La Paz and Burauen)

 Political interventions in PA land resource uses to lack of buy-ins
 Political gaps and needs to strengthen coordination and communication of the two
municipalities and DENR
 Strong participation of PAMB members in every PAMB meetings

28
3.0 Map Information

3.1 Map on Biodiversity

Figure 3. A map showing the biodiversity of Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park (MVNP)

29
3.2 Map on Values

Figure 4. A map showing the different resources found within the PA

30
3.3 Map on Threats

Figure 5. A map showing the threats within the PA

31
4.0 Situational Analysis

MVNP covers a relatively large area of mid-mountain forest. It exhibit unique bio-physical

features which include a scenic combination of andesitic volcano peaks and the adjoining three (3)

lakes, an old dipterocarp forest covering more than half of the 635-hectares park area, an extinct

volcano with sulfuric fumaroles, hot springs and riverine system which need to be conserved and

protected in their natural state. However, a study was conducted to validate the total area of the

Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park, as per surveyed by NAMRIA 2012 the total area of the MVNP

was 341 hectares. Still this needs to be subjected for validity.

The park possesses features of significance for scientific, educational and recreational

values. It exhibits an old dipterocarp forest, the best example of the remaining primary growth

forest of the country today. The natural environment of MVNP is still intact with only a minimal

extent of disturbance from human development activities which is attributed to the presence of

tenured migrants within the protected area and the nearby agricultural communities.

MVNP is likewise endowed with rich floral and faunal composition which includes rare

and endangered species needing protection. Several species in the area is considered as critically

endangered such as the pitcher plant and Shorea tree species due to illegal activities such as kaingin

and timber poaching. Vulnerable species such as trees belonging to genus Shorea were found in

the area. Dipterocarp species dominates the MVNP. In terms of fauna, unique species were seen

such as civet cat, monitor lizards, eagles and wild ducks. It also contributes to the maintenance of

essential ecological processes both on site and downstream areas in terms of its hydrologic and

watershed values being a tributary and one of the headwaters of Daguitan River that finally drains

to the neighbouring towns of Dual. Lake Mahagnao likewise provides sustained supply of

freshwater fish and other aquatic resources to nearby communities.

32
 Considering its existing remarkable natural features of national and international

significance, a pristine environment with intact forest vegetation aside from being an educational

resource and tourism potential, the park deserves utmost protection and proper management

because of the critically endangered species found in the area. There were also some activities that

were inside the PA that was beyond control by the PA personnel such as firewood gathering.

The MVNP covers two municipalities, the Burauen and La Paz. Within the vicinity of the

park, two barangays were found: the Brgy. Mahagnao of Burauen and Brgy. Bocawon of La Paz.

Due to this, presence of human interventions were observed within the PA. There are 150

households found on Bgry. Mahagnao, while 56 in Brgy. Bocawon. A total of 206 households are

found within the area. The two barangays has the population of 880, consisting of 434 males, and

446 females. Primary source of their livelihood are farming. They planted root crops to sustain

their needs. They get their income through government poverty support projects and selling of

livestock. The farmers total income were approximately 12, 000 per year. Others can reach up to

50,000 a year due to their other source of income like sari-sari stores, carpentry, helper,

construction worker and Brgy. Officials. Some of them were collecting wildlife resources,

however this happens few years ago before the Green Brigade was organized in the PA. People

within the PA still lack of knowledge on the government policies and programs regarding PA

management and biodiversity conservation due to lack of time in getting the information and the

information itself is less disseminated.

Now a days, transportation and communication system is still a major problem in the area.

Due to its remote location from the poblacion of Burauen which is eighteen (18) kilometers away,

there is no regular conveyance plying the route from the town proper to the park. At present, the

only available conveyance is a motorcycle. There is no cell sites near the area, which is a problem

33
in terms of communicating through cellular phones. Threats to biodiversity were also observed

and foreseen due to increasing population. The more people the more resources will be extracted

like the timber for housing, forest occupancy and wildlife hunting for food. Increase in timber

poaching and firewood gathering. Dragging of woods affects the regenerants in the area. Use of

unspecified mesh nets was also observed. There is also pollution and erosion along Lake

Malagsum due to road construction. Presence of invasive species such as palo verde, Acacia

mangium and mahogany was considered as a threat to biodiversity of the PA. Unregulated tourism

is a foreseen threat since it might affect biodiversity of the area. There are threats that cannot be

prevented, which are the natural phenomena and volcanic threats due to high content of sulfur. In

terms of social aspects, presence of insurgency was observed in the adjacent barangays in the PA.

People in MVNP lacks environmental awareness, so more CEPA activities should be done to

educate them. Frequent change in PA personnel is also considered as problem. It might affect the

continuous management and protected of the PA. Limited support of funds from LGU is a foreseen

problem to support the needs of the locality and the PA. Strengthening the coordination and

communication of the DENR and two LGU’s should be done for the development of the PA, and

a full force PAMB members for the strong implementation of policy and laws within the PA.

As provided for under the NIPAS Law, the agencies and organizations involved in the

management of the protected area are the Provincial Government thru the Provincial Development

Officer, the Local Government Units down to the barangay level thru their representatives where

the park is located, local based. NGOs/POs, and OGAs. Consultation through public hearing with

concerned LGUs and affected communities have been conducted to solicit their opinion/views and

sentiments for the inclusion of the park under NIPAS and for all proposed development projects

to be introduced in the protected area.

34
 MVNP is widely accepted by the local communities, LGUs of Burauen and La Paz, local

based NGOs and PO because of its existing and potential values for aesthetic, scenic, recreational

and educational purposes. The park is considered one of the emerging ecotourism destinations in

the region because of its natural scenic features and richness in biodiversity resources. MVNP

could best serve as an ideal vacationing ground and educational resource for foreign and local

visitors. Camping, mountain climbing, nature trek, bird watching, photography as well as boating,

kayaking, rafting, swimming and game fishing in the lakes are some of the outdoor recreational

activities that could be enjoyed of the park. Aside from the recreational values offers, the park

could be pursued as an educational resource for its varied forms of wildlife and botanical richness.

It was also learned from the nearby residents that some visit the place to bathe in the hot springs

which are noted to be medicinal.

The park is very popular among the nearby towns being noted for its sulfuric deposits,

medicinal hot springs and lakes. Although, at present it has only a few visiting tourists probably

because of transportation problem in going to the park. Established as a national park on August

27, 1937, MVNP is one of the initial components of the NIPAS. Per suitability assessment

conducted by the DENR, Region 8, the park is found to be suitable for preparation and

conservation as a protected area and to be including in the System in the category of a Natural

Park.

The protection, conservation and management of a protected area requires formal

establishment of such as NIPAS area thru Presidential Proclamation and thru the Act of Congress.

It has to be proclaimed as such by the President upon recommendation by the DENR Secretary in

35
accordance and in substantial compliance Republic Act No. 7586, otherwise known as the NIPAS

Act of 1992.

36
5.0 Vision, Goals and Objectives

5.1 Vision

MVNP as a representative sample of the forest biodiversity, fresh water ecosystem and
other unique natural and scenic areas of national or international significance providing
sustained ecological services and opportunities for equitable and sustainable development and
avenues for stakeholder participation and empowerment on its management.

The vision is the main philosophy of the management plan because it describes the ultimate
aspiration of stakeholders on what they would like to achieve in managing the PA. It is a statement
of the desired condition and state of MVNP in the future. The formulation of the vision of MVNP
was based upon the consultation of PAMB and focus group discussion with the local community
and other stakeholders.

The vision is translated into several goals and objectives. Goals are broad descriptions of
preferred actions in the next 5 years and reflect the kind and quality of development that shall be
pursued in MVNP. Each goal is further scaled down to specific objectives, which provide measures
to achieve the expected outputs of this management plan. Objectives are expressed in more precise
and attainable terms.

37
5.2 Goals and Objectives
Goals
1. Protected biological diversity of the PA
sustained ecological and socio-economic
benefits to upstream and downstream
communities.
2. Provided Opportunities and mechanisms
in institutionalizing a gender sensitive and
community-based resource management
programs.
3. Provided ecotourism services with
continuing conservation education, non-
destructive recreational opportunities and
equitable benefits to visitors and host
communities.
Objectives
 To demarcate PA management zones with
permanent monument of boundaries of the
protected area.
 To curtail or minimize the occurrence of
illegal and destructive activities.
 To enhance the habitat, watershed and
other ecological functions of MVNP.
 To update the biophysical info of MVNP
through regular monitoring and continuing
research.
 To heighten community awareness on
biodiversity importance of the protected
area.
 To strengthen and further capacitate of
existing community organizations
involving men, and women.
 To provide biodiversity friendly
sustainable livelihood activities to
resource-dependent communities of the
PA and adjacent communities.
 To secure additional support from other
agencies and other stakeholder ecotourism
and livelihood activities.
 To establish coordination, partnership and
implementation mechanism with relevant
stakeholders for the development of
community-based ecotourism.
 To strengthen capacity of local
communities/stakeholders in providing
effective ecotourism services.
 To develop and install compatible and
appropriate low impact
visitors’/ecotourism facilities.
 To design and implement site-based
ecotourism events and products that will
promote the ecotourism program of
MVNP.
 To determine the carrying capacity of
ecotourism sites.
38
4. Strengthened management system with
legislative measure that provides funding
support and broad-based stakeholder
participation.
 To ensure the enactment by the Congress
of the MVNP Act.
 To strengthen and sustain operation of the
PAMB and PA office.
 To establish partnership with relevant
stakeholders in the implementation of the
Mgt. Plan.
 To harmonize biodiversity and
sustainable development needs of MVNP
to the legislative or program agenda of
stakeholders.
 To carry out resource mobilization strategies
that would respond to the sustainability of
MVNP management operations.
 To formulate and enforce policies and
guidelines that will ensure the
conservation and protection of the PA and
its adjacent areas.
 To develop and implement a participatory
monitoring and evaluation system so as to
enhance the management system of
MVNP.
39
6.0Management Strategies, Intervention and Activities

6.1Management Zoning
Management zoning involves division of the PA into two zoning categories that are
consistent to the status of MVNP as a natural park. Each zone is provided with corresponding
standards and prescriptions, which have been developed in accordance to the biophysical and
socio-economic attributes of the area vis-à-vis the goals and objectives of this management plan.

The zoning regime adopted in this plan showcases an integrated conservation and
development model in resource management, which is aimed to balance the conservation and
development requirements of MVNP. In general, it responds to the situation where both human
and wildlife depend on MVNP and its available resources for survival.

Management prescriptions provide the allowable and prohibited activities in every zoning
category that will guide the PAMB in developing and implementing specific rules, regulations and
other interventions for the sustainable use of resources and management of MVNP. Initially, the
management zones that shall be implemented in MVNP include strict protection zone and multiple
use zone, which is shown in the map (Figure 8).

40
Figure 8. A map showing the strict protection and multiple use zone

41
6.1.1 Strict Protection Zone

6.1.1.1 Description and Standards

Strict Protection Zone is defined as areas with high biodiversity value, which shall be
closed to all human activity except for scientific studies and/or religious use by indigenous
communities. It makes up the core area of MVNP and covers approximately 222.69 hectares. This
zone is made up of old/residual growth forests, swamps, areas above 50%, habitats of threatened
species and riparian areas and thus, shall be devoted to protection for biodiversity purposes.

6.1.1.2 Management Prescriptions

Do’s Don’ts
 Scientific studies following the system  To utilize any natural resources
and control established by the DENR  Projects such as road construction and
and PAMB other infrastructure projects without
 Establishment of biodiversity PAMB approval
monitoring stations for management  Introduction of exotic and invasive
purposes species
 Periodic monitoring assessment of the  Forest clearing, agricultural
area shall be done by authorized PA development and human settlement/
personnel and volunteer occupancy
 Implementation of protection and law
enforcement activities of PA personnel
and volunteers from different
stakeholders
 Personnel involved in the protection
and law enforcement activities are
required to attend necessary trainings
and will be provided with appropriate
identification uniforms

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6.1.2 Multiple Use Zone

6.1.2.1 Description and Standards

The Multiple Use Zone of MVNP covers about 108.88 hectares. These are the areas where
the following may be allowed consistent with the protected area management plan: settlement,
traditional and/or sustainable land use, including agriculture, agro-forestry, and other income
generating or livelihood activities. It shall also include, among others, areas of high recreational
tourism, educational or environmental awareness values and areas consisting of existing
installations of national significance/interest such as development of renewable energy sources,
telecommunication facilities and electric power lines.

6.1.2.2 Management Prescriptions

Do’s Don’ts
 Inventory of existing infrastructures/  Additional construction of facilities
facilities by PA office assessed by without the approval of PAMB
PAMB  Road construction activities within the
 Development of guideline design zone; only existing trails will be
standard for all facilities/ structures maintained
approved by the PAMB  Cutting of natural growing trees
 Impose condition including fee system  Usage of mechanized equipment
for maintenance of facilities  Introduction of exotic and invasive
 Marking of important flora species species
 Transplantation of wildlings in  Additional forest clearing and human
appropriate localities may be settlements for agricultural production
considered when appropriate and expansion
especially for sensitive and/or highly  Collection of any seeds and wildlings
threatened taxa without the PAMB approval; seeds can
 Utilization of natural resources with be collected only for rehabilitation/
PAMB approval (e.g. planted trees,

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 over mature, typhoon damaged trees, restoration purposes with the approval
invasive alien species trees (manguim, of PAMB.
mahogany and etc.)
 Development of resource use
framework in governing natural
resource
 Gathering of non-timber products are
permitted using traditional methods by
PO’s
 Use of non-timber products for
livelihood activities with approval of
PAMB
 Replacement and/or enrich planting in
every one cut/ gathered/ collected
minor forest shall be required with
resource use permits using indigenous
species
 Cancelation of permits with PAMB
recommendation if terms and
conditions of said permit is violated
 PA personnel and volunteers manage
regular patrolling and monitoring
 Scientific research upon PAMB
approval
 Participation and partnership of local
communities and other stakeholders in
the restoration, protection and
rehabilitation projects/activities with
PAMB approval

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 Development of regulatory mechanism
for visitors which includes user’s fee in
recreational area approved by PAMB
 Implementation of RA 9003
 Land tenure instrument shall be issued
to PO’s where the only tenured migrant
is encourage to join
 Utilization of non-timber products by
PO’s and tenured migrant

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6.2 Management Programs
To ensure more structured and systematic approaches in the implementation of the
management plan, the different goals and objectives of this management plan are translated into
various programs for the next five years.

The four major programs included in this management plan are the following: (a)
biodiversity management program; (b) community outreach program (c) community-based
ecotourism program; (d) stakeholder participation and management program.

6.2.1 Biodiversity Management Program

This is to ensure the protection and conservation of the diverse biological resources of
MVNP as prescribed in the first goal and the first set of objectives of this management plan. This
would address various issues and concerns affecting the biophysical environment of the PA.
Strategies of this program include the following:

1. boundary demarcation and monumenting

2. community-based resource protection system
3. habitat and watershed restoration and/or rehabilitation
4. biodiversity monitoring and research
5. conservation awareness and education and nature interpretation.

6.2.1.1Strategies and Activities

6.2.1.1.1 Boundary demarcation and monumenting

To create public awareness on the existence of MVNP, as well as to define the area
in terms of management responsibility and accountability, the PAMB is required to
delineate and demarcate the boundary of the protected area within five years following the
passage and lobbying of the MVNP Act. This management plan targets the approval and
enactment of the MVNP Act before the end of 2022.

1. The PA office shall prepare a comprehensive demarcation and monumenting

proposal to be used in generating funds and other resources for the survey
immediately after the approval of the MVNP Act through resolution of PAMB.

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 2. The PA office needs to conduct public consultation and awareness campaign on the
importance of demarcation and monumenting in barangays covered by MVNP.
3. The PAMB and DENR shall create a team involving representatives from local
communities, LGUs and NGOs to conduct the survey with the PA office supported
by the EDC, CENROs, PENROs and Survey and Mapping of DENR Region VIII
leading and supervising the different activities. The RD of DENR Region VIII shall
issue a special order for those involved in the conduct of demarcation and
monumenting.
4. The entire boundary of the PA shall be marked with monuments including setting
up of visible markers, interpretative signs and billboards according to the NIPAS
standard design and specification.

6.2.1.1.2 Community-based resource protection system

This strategy is intended to enforce the NIPAS Act and other applicable laws, rules and
regulations of MVNP, which shall be led by the PA office and other stakeholders in various
resource protection initiatives thereby promoting community-based resource protection systems.

The different activities to implement this strategy are grouped into (a) establishment of PAO
protection and law enforcement unit; (b) mobilization of community volunteers and green brigade;
(c) create forest protection committee; (d) deputation and capacity building; and (e) enforcement
and prosecution.

6.2.1.1.2.1 Establishment of PAO protection and law enforcement unit

1. The PASu shall create the PA resource protection and law enforcement unit. The
DENR shall assign its additional personnel from CENROs and PENROs to beef up
the existing personnel of the PA through issuance of a special order by the DENR
Regional Director of Region VIII.
2. The PA staff under the direct supervision of the PASu shall lead various resource
protection activities, which are directed to enforce PA laws, rules and regulations
through regular patrolling for area visibility.

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 3. The personnel assigned shall be required to submit and prepare quarterly work plan
to guide his/her monthly forest protection.

6.2.1.1.2.2 Mobilization of community volunteers

4. The strategy on resource protection includes the formation of community

volunteers, preferably one volunteer group composed of at least 10 members (both
men and women) in every barangay covering MVNP.
5. Forest or park rangers shall be trained to organize and supervise the community
volunteers. They shall oversee the regular forest monitoring and patrolling of
volunteers to detect illegal and destructive activities in the PA.
6. Each volunteer group shall be assigned with a specific area of responsibility and to
develop operational strategies that would respond to the actual condition in their
designated site. They shall select officers, hold regular meetings to discuss the
issues and concerns of operation, and submit quarterly operational plan to PAMB.
The PAO shall ensure that each volunteer team conducts regular monitoring and
patrolling.
7. The PAMB with the support of LGUs and other stakeholders shall develop and
implement an incentive and/or reward system for the participation of these
volunteers in resource protection activities. These incentive packages may include
(a) insurance; (b) food for work and equipment; (c) basic social services; (d)
livelihoods; (e) land tenure security; and/or (f) honorarium.
8. The PAO shall formulate resource protection and law enforcement plan to serve as
a guide and reference of volunteer groups. Each volunteer shall be provided with a
copy of this plan.

6.2.1.1.2.3 Creation of community volunteers to assist in resource protection

9. The PAMB shall encourage the two barangay council to create a resource
protection committee to assist the PA staff in resource protection activities.
10. The PAMB through the PA office shall organize forest protection committee in 2
municipalities covering MVNP. Each committee shall be composed of

48
 representatives from LGUs, national agencies particularly the AFP and PNP, civil
society groups and other concerned institutions. The committee will provide
support and assistance to PA staff and volunteers in forest protection operations.

6.2.1.1.2.4 Deputation and capacity building

11. All non-DENR personnel who will be involved in resource protection shall be
clothed with authority as Deputized Environment and Natural Resources Officers
(DENROs). The PAMB shall endorse applications to the RD of DENR Region VIII
for the issuance of deputation orders, and create a screening committee to ensure
that candidates for deputations are qualified to perform the required tasks and
responsibilities.
12. Park rangers and those who will be involved in resource protection and law
enforcement shall attend training on PA management. Training courses that shall
be launched may include, among others (a) social communications and relations;
(b) community-based resource management strategies; (c) environment and natural
resources laws, rules and regulations; (d) para-legal including legal documentation,
criminal procedures, investigations and gathering of evidences; (e) conflict
resolution and/or alternative dispute resolution; and (f) jungle survival and first aid.

6.2.1.1.2.5 Enforcement and prosecution

13. The PA staff and other authorized resource protection personnel shall seize all
illegally sourced natural resources, and arrest suspected violators who are actually
caught committing offenses. They shall recommend to the PAMB through the
PASu and CENRO for further actions such as the issuance of confiscation orders
for seized resources, conduct of administrative proceedings and filing of cases
against the suspected violators in courts.
14. The PA office shall maintain close coordination with the PENRO’s and CENRO
legal council and Department of Justice (DOJ) particularly the Prosecutor’s Office
in the preparation and filing of cases in courts against the suspected violators
through Memorandum of agreement.

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6.2.1.1.3 Habitat and watershed restoration
The restoration area of MVNP as specified in this management plan is the priority area for
the implementation of this strategy. The main objective of this strategy is to rehabilitate degraded
habitat and watershed areas of MVNP for biodiversity purposes.

This is also to address the issue of forest fragmentation so as to restore forest corridors for
the wildlife species of MVNP. This strategy is aimed to increase the forest cover of MVNP for
other ecological services such as the forest function as a watershed.

1. Based on the identified restoration area of this management plan, the PA office in
coordination with local communities and other stakeholders shall identify on the ground
priority areas that require immediate restoration.
2. The PA office shall also provide areas where interested groups may initiate tree-planting
activities. Priority areas are along creeks and lakes, eroded areas and wildlife habitat. To
implement this strategy, the PAMB shall request LGU Burauen and La Paz to declare a
tree-planting day especially during the environment month celebration every June of the
year.
3. Establishment of tree plantations in the restoration zone is to be included as one of the
terms of condition in the event that the PAMB and/or the DENR shall execute contracts,
permits, licenses and/or agreements for the utilization of natural resources in allowable
zones of MVNP.
4. Maintenance and protection activities shall be included in restoration and/or rehabilitation
plans of the involved groups. Local communities shall be mobilized to protect the
established restoration areas.
5. The PAO shall monitor all restoration and/or rehabilitation activities in the PA to ensure
the maintenance and survival of planted seedlings. The PASu shall designate a coordinator
for restoration and/or rehabilitation activities to conduct periodic site inspection and
monitoring.

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6.2.1.1.4 Biodiversity monitoring and research system

This management plan will make use of the DENR biodiversity monitoring system as a
primary tool in determining the status of the MVNP biodiversity because it is cost efficient, more
popular and participatory. The participation of local communities is required in conducting the
BMS.

The BAMS and BMS manual is already available and the different monitoring tools have
already been tested in selected protected areas of the country. A permanent monitoring plot have
been established and maintained in every habitat type of MVNP every year for BMS and every
five (5) years for BAMS. Further researches on the biodiversity of MVNP are included as
important components of this management plan, which will include habitat mapping and
characterization, ecology and further investigation on the reported new taxa found in MVNP.

6.2.1.1.4.1 Biodiversity monitoring system

1. This strategy includes the establishment and maintenance of biodiversity monitoring

stations in accordance to the Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS) of the DENR. Eight
monitoring station was established in a two kilometer transect line in MVNP where BMS
standard methods are to be applied, which will include (a) field diary; (b) transect walk;
(c) photo documentation; and (d) focus group discussion.
2. The biodiversity monitoring shall be implemented quarterly by the biodiversity monitoring
group composed of the PA staff and representatives from local communities, NGOs,
academic and research institutions and LGUs, which shall be formed by the PASu through
contractual agreement with them.
3. Based on the result of the biodiversity monitoring, the PA office shall prepare
recommendations to the PAMB in terms of policy issues and directions and/or other
appropriate interventions. The PASU shall also appraise LGUs and other stakeholders of
the BMS results through presentation and/or provision of reports. LGUs are further
encouraged to enact resolutions and/or ordinances based on the findings of the BMS. The
PASu is required to prepare an annual report on the state of the MVNP biodiversity based
on the BMS.

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 4. A specific monitoring activity shall be prepared and implemented by the PA office. The
strategy would include species count, identification of nesting and habitat sites, as well as
monitoring of threats. A bi-annual report shall be prepared by the concerned personnel and
submitted to the PAMB through the PASu for appropriate actions.

6.2.1.1.4.2 Biodiversity researches

5. Information gaps on the biodiversity status of each of the ecosystem type of MVNP shall
be generated through continuing researches. These researches will include (a) assessment
on the presence, composition and status of different resources particularly endemic and
other ecologically important species; (b) habitat and ecosystem mapping and
characterizations; and (c) ecological succession and other concerns. Researches on socio-
economic and cultural conditions that affect the biodiversity shall be considered.

6. In particular, studies to be undertaken are those covering the different habitat types of
MVNP. These habitat types include, freshwater, and grasslands. Further investigations and
researches are to be undertaken on the reported possible new records or new taxa found in
MVNP. In the conduct of these studies, the PAO shall mobilize the participation and
support of research, academic and conservation institutions.

7. Findings of various researches are to be analyzed so that the PAMB, LGUs, local
communities and other stakeholders can use them in making critical decisions related to
biodiversity conservation interventions. Information generated from researches is to be
included in the database of the PA office and translated into popular forms for CEPA
campaigns.

6.2.1.1.5 Conservation awareness and education and nature

Interpretation

This strategy involves the implementation of (CEPA) activities and advocacy campaigns
to increase the awareness of communities and other stakeholders on the biological importance of
MVNP and its life support functions. CEPA activities shall be launched to gain acceptance from
the general public on the implementation of regulations governing MVNP, as well as the
management plan.

52
1. The PA office shall pursue perception surveys in two barangays every five years as needed
as arises. Results of these surveys would become the basis in designing specific
communication strategies.
2. Production and dissemination of such CEPA materials shall be continuously done that
includes biodiversity importance, threats, rules and regulations, researches and the latest trend
in MVNP that may interest the general public.
3. The PAO shall conduct community meetings, informal dialogues, municipal sessions, video
showing, attendance in brgy. assembly meetings that includes adjacent barangays, putting up
print media warning signs (DO’s and Don’ts) in strategic places to create environmental
awareness to the residents and adjacent communities and visitors.
4. The PAO shall continue conducting annual events every 3rd of February (PA proclamation),
invitation of elementary and high school/scouting, wetland international day, environment
month and invite LGU’s and environmentalist groups during that event highlighting the
importance of conservation and biodiversity of MVNP.
5. The PAO shall initiate partnership with the academe and other institution that has a great
concern in environment forging MOU to those interested academe with the PAMB.

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6.2.2 Community Outreach Program

The Community Outreach Program will address concerns related to the socio-cultural and
economic conditions of MVNP. It is designed to implement the second goal and the second set of
objectives of the management plan. The main purpose of this program is to develop and implement
a strong community-based resource management approach in different areas covered by MVNP.

This program will carry several components that would address community needs such as
the following:

1. community/PO strengthening and capacity building

2. sustainable livelihood
3. land tenure security
4. basic social services

The PAO and the PAMB shall act as facilitators for the delivery of various services by
concerned and interested institutions through development of partnership agreements with them.
The awarding of land tenure security, however, solely lies on the responsibility of the DENR and
the PAMB.

6.2.2.1 Strategies and Activities

6.2.2.1.1 Community organizing and capacity building

There are three organic PO’s existing in MVNP: LAMCOA, MRWDA and MFA.
LAMCOA was organized by EDC (before PNOC). MRWDA was organized by the people in
Mahagnao and headed by Myrna Valdez prior to the involvement of DENR in the community
through the rebirth of people in the community through the rebirth of MVNP projects by BMB.
MFA is a newly organized PO’s solely for organic farming introduced by the Provincial
Agriculture of Leyte Province. Thus, MFA however has no direct involvement in the
implementation of PO MRWDA and LAMCOA which is now recognized by the DENR.

1. The organized two PO’s namely LAMCOA and MRWDA needs to be strengthened and
capacitate by giving them training workshops on self-awareness/ team building/ group

54
 building, simple book keeping, financial management and other related trainings to be
more active and dynamic PO’s.
2. The PAO through the PAMB will be planning to federate this three (3) PO’s if necessary
as to recognize them as one PO in MVNP representing the two PO’s in the municipality.
3. Thus, 3 PO’s shall be encouraged to tie up with the brgy. council for possible
membership/inclusion as members in the local community development planning in the
brgy. level so that their PO plans shall be integrated to be endorsed to the municipal level
for considerations.
4. Since this 2 PO’s and the brgy. captain is also a PAMB members, the PAO shall establish
mechanism to strengthen its tie-up with the PAMB and ensures that every PAMB meetings,
issues, concerns, conflicts, or problems with this PO’s shall be addressed and be given a
priority solutions.

6.2.2.1.2 Sustainable livelihood

Biodiversity threats is still a problem in MVNP implementation, this includes

occasional timber/ poles poaching/ gathering for house construction materials and wildlife
hunting such as birds and other animals in adjacent animals of the PA. These threats can be
minimized through the introduction of sustainable livelihood options.

The PAMB and PAO shall formulate strategies to ensure that IGP shall be in
consonance with the government thrusts which are as follows.

1. Based on market analysis and feasibility study, farming practices study and non-timber
forest products assessment initiated by DENR, the PAO shall develop a livelihood
framework as a guide in developing and implementing livelihood activities in the PA.
The framework shall be adopted by the PAMB as a policy in the implementation of
sustainable livelihood projects.

2. The development and implementation of livelihood shall be coordinated by the PAMB

with other institutions who have the resources and capacity to facilitate this kind of
intervention through execution of partnership agreements with them. The PAMB

55
 through the PA Office shall identify and establish coordination with these institutions to
develop a livelihood portfolio for MVNP.
3. The PAMB through the PA office shall establish a model project adopting new
technology that will promote conservation and sustainable livelihood with economic
benefits to beneficiaries to serve as demonstrations for earning and replication purposes.
4. Conduct resource assessment for non-timber typhoon damaged, dead trees and planted
trees (mahogany and gmelina) forest products shall be conducted for sustainable for
livelihood.
5. The PA office shall conduct regular monitoring on livelihood projects in MVNP.
Documentation of these livelihoods including best practices shall be undertaken.
Database shall be set up to monitor the progress in terms of ecological and economic
benefits derived from the implementation of livelihood activities.
6. Full implementation of Biodiversity Friendly Enterprise (BDFE) for the livelihood of
the community which is the tour guiding. BDFE helps is one of the tools to promote
MVNP and improves the ecotourism.
7. Series of trainings will be conducted to the selected tour guides with the coordination of
the Department of Tourism (DOT).

6.2.2.1.3 Land tenure security

Awarding of land tenure to qualified settlers is the main strategy to address the
settlement issue within the multiple use zone. The Protected Area Community Based
Resource Management Agreement (PACBRMA) is the main land tenure instrument to be
awarded to organized qualified Peoples organization at the multiple use zone of MVNP. At
least one (1) land tenure instrument shall be issued in the two barangay covering MVNP in
the next 5 years.

1. The PA office shall update survey using socio economic assessment monitoring system
(SEAMS) and to come out with the official list of qualified tenured migrants. The list
shall be made available to the public through posting of the SEAMS results in barangay
centers MVNP.

56
2. The PA office shall conduct CEPA activities and consultation with local communities
on the guideline for the PA land tenure. CEPA formed materials shall be prepared to
enhance the understanding of local communities on the land tenure instrument, which is
the PACBRMA.
3. In coordination with Barangay Councils and PO’s , the PA office shall identify specific
areas within the multiple use zones that are subject to claims by tenured migrant through
community mapping exercises as guide of PAMB and PA office in processing land
tenure applications.
4. Based on PAMB recommendations, the RD of DENR Region VIII shall approve the
awarding of land tenure instrument because the area of MVNP does not exceed more
than 15,000 hectares. Only one land tenure instrument shall be issued to MVNP in the
next 5 years.
5. The PAMB through the PA office shall provide technical assistance in the
implementation of MVNP management plan. Thus, plan shall be integrated to barangay
development plan to ensure complementation of efforts between LGUs and community
organizations.
6. The PAMB through the PA office shall review the MVNP management plan as to their
conformity to PACBRMA and to recommend appropriate actions to land tenure
instrument holders. The PAMB shall recommend to DENR Regional Director the
affirmation of these revised plans. The land tenure holders shall implement the revised
MNVP management plan.
7. Non-tenured migrants are allowed to stay in MVNP until such time that the PAMB can
come out with specific regulations and strategies to address their occupancy in the area.
8. The identified one tenured migrant shall be a member of the recognized PO and shall be
awarded with certificate of stewardship in order for them to be awarded with
PACBRMA.
9. Since there is only one qualified tenured migrant in the PA, a proposal to relocate the
qualified tenured migrant shall be discussed.

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6.2.2.1.4 Delivery of basic social services

This management plan recognizes that the delivery of basic social services is one of
the important strategies to uplift the quality of life of upland communities. This plan also
views that the delivery of basic social service requirements of MVNP communities primarily
lies on the responsibility of LGUs and other national government agencies such as the
Department of Social Welfare and Development, Department of Health, Department of
Education and even the Department of Public Works and Highways. It is by this account that
the main role of the PAMB and the PAO is to facilitate the delivery of these services, and to
provide specific areas for such purposes. Particular attention shall be provided in the delivery
of education and health services and family planning to address the growing population in
MVNP.

1. The different community organizations shall identify and prioritize basic social
services that they need, which shall be clearly indicated in their community
development plans.
2. POs shall be assisted to develop proposals and to establish network and coordination
with various agencies and government official for the delivery of social services such
as health, education, infrastructure and the likes. The PAMB through the PAO shall
promote family planning and population control in MVNP.
3. PA office shall monitor the implementation of various social services to ensure that
these are within the scope of the management plan. The PAMB shall issue a
resolution requesting social service providers to coordinate with the PA office in the
implementation and/or delivery of these services and permit system for the
construction of a social service infrastructure such as school or health center.

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6.2.3 Community-Based Ecotourism Program

The primary intention of this program is to promote MVNP as the complementary

ecotourism destination in Leyte Island by allowing certain areas of the PA for recreational
activities. The purpose of this program is to implement the third goal and the third set of objectives
of this management plan, which shall be piloted in various scenic areas and lakes within MVNP.

Some other potential sites are to be identified and assessment shall be undertaken to
develop expansion areas for ecotourism program. The implementation of this program requires
coordination with the different stakeholders particularly LGUs and local communities. It is also
the intention of this program to make use the ecotourism as a livelihood opportunity for local
communities by engaging them in ecotourism-related services, and a source of management
revenue for MVNP. The PAMB shall adopt a framework on ecotourism for MVNP.

6.2.3.1Strategies and Activities

6.2.3.1.1Partnership development
The implementation of ecotourism involves the development of partnership between the
PAMB, LGUs, local communities and other concerned stakeholders. A memorandum of
understanding shall be executed among the involved groups. Involved groups shall agree the
sharing of proceeds derived from ecotourism provided that certain share of income will accrue to
the MVNP IPAF.

1. Identified ecotourism site shall be developed based on the feasibility business plan
results involving the two barangays in the planning process.
2. Based on the ecotourism management plan, a management system shall be
developed including a clear definition on the roles of engagements of each of the
involved party, resource counterparts and the implementation structure.
3. The partnership among the involved stakeholders on ecotourism development shall
be institutionalized through the execution of memorandum of understanding
between them and the PAMB.

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6.2.3.1.2 Social preparations, livelihood development and Ecotourism services

Communities residing adjacent to pilot ecotourism sites shall be organized to participate in

the MVNP ecotourism program. They shall be capacitated to provide ecotourism services, which
will likewise offer them with additional sources of income. In the event that there is a need to hire
personnel for the maintenance of ecotourism facilities, priority shall be accorded to local residents.

1. The PA office in coordination with LGUs and other stakeholders shall conduct
community consultation on the proposed ecotourism development in the identified
pilot sites. The consultation shall provide a forum to explain the concept of
ecotourism and how communities would be able to participate.
2. The PA office using the participatory rural appraisal shall initiate community
profiling for baselining.
3. Existing community organizations in the areas identified for pilot ecotourism
development, the PA office in collaboration with LGUs, NGOs and concerned
government agencies such as the Department of Tourism shall inter-phase the
development of ecotourism to the agenda of these organizations through joint-
planning workshops.
4. The PA office shall provide technical assistance and support to the PO’s involved in
ecotourism services and to monitor the implementation of various activities.
Appropriate fee system shall be introduced to the different ecotourism services.

6.2.3.1.3 Development of visitors’ facilities

Each facility to be constructed in ecotourism sites shall be carefully planned and

implemented to avoid negative environmental and social impacts. As such, each area identified as
ecotourism destination has the corresponding construction plan for facilities. The PAMB shall
develop a design standard for all facilities at the ecotourism sites. Every effort shall be carried out
to make the facilities at the ecotourism areas compatible to the natural environment.

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 1. The PAMB shall engage partnership with LGUs, concerned non-government agencies,
NGAs and local communities for the development of visitors’ facilities in ecotourism
sites. These partnerships shall be institutionalized through the execution of memorandum
of understanding, which will clearly spell out the responsibilities, obligations and
accountability of each contracting party, particularly on the operation and maintenance of
infrastructures.
2. Local communities shall be tapped in the construction and maintenance of these facilities.

6.2.3.1.4 Pilot site-based ecotourism events

The PA office in coordination with concerned institutions shall design site-based events to
promote the ecotourism features of MVNP. In planning out these activities, however, utmost
considerations shall be provided to local norms and culture, as well as the carrying capacity of the
area. The events shall be packaged in such a way that they will further promote conservation
awareness while at the same time could generate funds to maintain the ecotourism areas.
Ecotourism events are to be designed as part of the fund raising initiatives for MVNP.

1. In organizing local events, the PA office shall ensure that these activities have
corresponding approval from the PAMB with specific terms and conditions. These
activities shall be designed also to generate income for MVNP and the local communities.
2. The PA office shall conduct proper monitoring of all events implemented in the
ecotourism areas as to the compliance on PA rules and regulations.

6.2.3.1.5 Marketing and promotion

The PA office shall identify institutions that may be able to assist in the promotion and
marketing of the MVNP ecotourism. The main purpose of this marketing is to ensure the
generation of support for the conservation of the area.

1. One of the strategies that shall be applied is the production and dissemination of
promotional materials such as brochures, pamphlets, flyers, magazines and other
information materials. The LGU’s through tourism officers and DOT shall be requested by

61
 the PA office to support the production and distribution of promotional materials to hotels,
restaurants and other visitors’ amenities in major urban centers of the country.
2. The PA office shall create website where the ecotourism features of MVNP including
information related to access, services and other information usually required by visitors
shall be posted.
3. Specific promotional campaigns such as holding of conferences, meetings, and round table
discussions to promote the ecotourism of MVNP shall be initiated by the PA office in
coordination with concerned stakeholders.

6.2.3.1.6 Carrying capacity and feasibility studies of other areas

There are potential areas of MVNP for ecotourism destinations. Much of these areas are
still unexplored. Proper assessment and planning of these sites shall be undertaken to ensure that
appropriate ecotourism products are developed and implemented.

1. The PA office in coordination with the LGUs and local communities shall identify other
areas potential for ecotourism. A preliminary survey shall be undertaken to prioritize
which areas are to be covered with feasibility and carrying capacity studies.
2. Specific terms of reference shall be prepared to guide the feasibility and carrying capacity
studies and to ensure that the scope and coverage are within the required outputs.
3. The PA office shall source out services of component individuals and/or firms to conduct
the studies based on the terms of reference. The final output of the carrying capacity and
feasibility studies shall be used in developing pilot ecotourism sites.

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6.2.4 Stakeholder Participation and Management Program

This program shall implement the fourth goal and the fourth set of objectives of the
management plan that would address concerns related to the participation of stakeholders and other
management issues. In general, this program is directed to institutionalize the different
management structures, systems and policies needed for the over-all management of MVNP. The
different components of this program are (a) enactment of the MVNP Act; (b) PAMB and PA
office operations; (c) capacity building; (d) partnership building and co-management system;
(e)Integration of MVNP management plan to the landscape development of Leyte Island (f)
resource generation; (g) policy development and implementation; and (h) monitoring and
evaluation.

6.2.4.1 Strategies and Activities

6.2.4.1.1 Enactment of the MVNP Act

The final establishment of the PA is through the enactment of a site-specific law by the
Congress. There is a need to closely monitor the progress of the legislative processes to ensure the
passage of the MVNP Act before the end of 2022. It should be understood that the proposed MVNP
law is of local application and may not be able to capture the interest of the Congress.

1. The PAMB through a resolution shall create a lobby group to initiate lobbying activities to
the Lower House and the Senate for the speedy passage of the MVNP Act. The lobbying
shall include the provision of a regular annual budget for MVNP.
2. The lobby group in coordination with other stakeholders especially the church and NGOs
shall seek audience with the representatives of the Lower House from Leyte, particularly

the congressman of 2nd district to request the early passage of the MVNP Act.

3. The PAMB may also initiate signature and petition campaigns that shall be sent to the
Senate President and Chairman of the Lower House to speed up the enactment of the
MVNP law.
4. The PAMB shall maximize and sustain the exposure of MVNP as to its ecological,
economic and social importance to local and national papers, TV and radio establishments.

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5. The DENR through the BMB-CDD and other renowed staeholders which access to
congress shall also make representation to the Congress for the speedy passage of the
MVNP law.

6.2.4.1.2 PAMB and protected area office operations

The main responsibility to implement the management of MVNP is primarily vested to the
PAMB and Protected Area Office of the DENR. It is therefore necessary that the operations of the
PAMB and the PAO are properly defined. This section of the GMP presents specific strategies that
shall be carried by the PAMB and the PAO to carry out their authority and functions in MVNP.

6.2.4.1.2.1 PAMB operations

1. Upon approval of this management plan, the PAMB needs to prepare its manual of
operations and to make necessary adjustments in terms of its organizational structure and
composition. The number of membership of the PAMB shall be reviewed to ensure not
only the representation of various stakeholders is well represented guided by the
composition of PAMB members as enumerated by NIPAS IRR.
2. This management plan recommends that the schedule of the PAMB meetings shall be held
the last week of every third month of the quarter. Special meetings, however, may be called
as the need arises.
3. The PAMB assisted by the PA office shall formulate and approve its annual work plan
based on this management plan during its annual meeting. The work plan shall cover all
other activities of the working committee.
4. The PAMB shall meet quarterly or as the need arises specifically to (a) review all the
decisions rendered during the period; (b) decide on programs and projects that are being
submitted for its consideration; (c) enact approved policies and regulations necessary to
implement this management plan and/or those that are being recommended by the working
committee; and (d) affirm the authorities and responsibilities it has delegated to the
working committee.

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5. The PASu shall prepare an annual report of its operations and various concerns affecting
MVNP for information and appropriate actions by the PAMB. The PA office shall prepare
the minutes of the meetings of the PAMB including all the resolutions rendered.
6. In lieu of the PAMB meetings, the working committees shall convene at least once in every
quarter of the year or as the need arises to (a) take up and decide those matters referred by
the PASu; (b) decide on programs and projects referred for its consideration and/or
recommended by the members of MVNP PAMB; (b) enact specific policies and
regulations that are within the scope of its authority as delegated by the PAMB; and (c)
address various issues and concerns referred by the PASu.
7. The PASu shall also provide updates to the working committees on the different activities
being implemented, as well as the arising issues and concerns for its appropriate action.
The PA Office shall prepare the minutes of the meetings and resolutions issued by the
working committees.
8. The conduct and procedures for the PAMB meetings shall be in accordance to its approved
manual of operations. The chairperson of MVNP PAMB shall ensure the proper holdings
of the regular meetings or to call for special meetings as the need arises.
9. The composition of the different working committees shall be identified through a
resolution by the PAMB. These committees shall function based on the delegated
authorities by the PAMB as provided in the PAMB Manual of Operations. The PA office
is tasked to provide support and technical assistance to the operation of the working
committees.
10. Aside from policy issuance and program approval, the PAMB members shall directly
participate in other activities to implement this management plan. The different working
committees are to be mobilized by the PAMB to involve in the implementation of these
activities. The PASu shall identify specific activities that require participation of the PAMB
members.
11. The PA office shall serve as the secretariat to the PAMB operations with the PASu as the
chief of the secretariat. The PASu shall assign PA personnel to focus on the PAMB
operations. All resolutions issued by the PAMB shall be fully documented. Policies issued
by the PAMB shall be submitted by the PASu to the DENR Secretary through the RD of
DENR Region VIII for affirmation.

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12. Based on its annual work plan, the PAMB shall conduct an annual assessment of its
operations as basis in coming out with a succeeding plan. It shall also conduct monitoring
on the operation of the PAO and all other activities in MVNP.

6.2.4.1.2.2 Protected Area Office Operations

13. The DENR through the BMB-CDD shall make every effort to establish a regular roster of
personnel specifically intended for MVNP including the creation of a regular PASu
position. Lobbying to the Congress shall be initiated to include the personnel requirements
of the PA to the MVNP law.
14. While there is no enabling law to create the regular positions for MVNP, the DENR
Regional Director of Region VIII shall designate additional personnel.
15. The existing detailed DENR personnel to MVNP PAO shall constitute the core staff.
Realignment of staff from the DENR Regional Office, PENROs, and CENROs to the PA
office shall be explored by the DENR RD through issuance of a special order to beef up
the existing PA staff.
16. The Protected Area office is under the direct supervision of the Regional Director being
also the chair of the PAMB thru the Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Officer
(PENRO) or CENRO Leyte.
17. The organizational structure staffing pattern and job descriptions and assignments of the
PA staff shall compliment to the different program components of this management plan.
The PASu shall prepare specific duties and responsibilities of each PA staff in accordance
to the educational and field of expertise of every staff.
18. Based on the annual plan, the PASu shall require a PA personnel to prepare a quarterly
action plan and corresponding report at the end of the quarter. Each personnel shall submit
a quarterly report of accomplishments. The PASU shall prepare an annual report of its
operations for submission to the PAMB, DENR Regional Office and PAWB.
19. The PA office jointly with the PAMB and in coordination with the local stakeholders shall
implement this management plan. The PASu shall review annually the GMP to determine
the progress of the implementation of various programs and strategies.

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6.2.4.1.2.3 Capacity building

The need to further enhances the skills and knowledge of the PA staff and the PAMB on
protected area management is necessary especially with the phasing in of the DENR regular
personnel as the core staff. Specific training courses are also needed to implement certain
components of this management plan.

1. The PA office shall conduct a training needs assessment to the PAMB members and all the
PA staff. The result of the TNA shall be used in developing training design and program.
2. The PA office shall make use of the different training experiences of other related projects
as references in the designing of training modules and courses.
3. Each training course that shall be developed by the PA office would include the designing
of (a) rationale and objectives of each training course; (b) activity proposal; (c) facilitator’s
guide that would include presentations, notes and references; (d) handouts/e-files.
4. Relevant training courses on PA and biodiversity management shall be implemented in
accordance with the PA management plan. The PASu shall ensure that these training
activities are properly implemented and documented.
5. Training courses shall include (a) orientation on NIPAS law and its various relevant rules
and regulations,and environmental laws; (b) basic principles, concept and strategies on
protected area management; (c) conflict resolution management and/or alternative dispute
resolutions; (d) ecotourism; (e) biodiversity monitoring and evaluation, etc.
6. In the conduct of capacity building exercises, the PA office shall establish network and
coordination with different academic and training institutions, conservation organizations
and other NGOs for technical assistance in designing and implementing training proposals.
7. The PA staff and PAMB members shall be sent to educational tours or cross visits,
workshops, conferences, trainings, meetings, symposia and the likes sponsored by other
institutions local, and national. Those who avail these opportunities are required to prepare
reports and share their experiences.
8. The PAO shall conduct post-training evaluations to ensure the appropriateness and
effectiveness of the training activities.

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6.2.4.1.2.4 Partnership building and co-management system
This strategy is intended to involve various stakeholders in the implementation of the GMP,
consistent with the present administration’s policy on Public-Private-Partnership. The
PASu shall prepare and implement marketing strategies to promote the management plan
and to secure participation of the different stakeholders on its implementation. A
coordinator for partnership building shall be designated to carry out this particular strategy.

1. Based on this management plan, the PAMB shall identify specific concerns that require
partnership with other stakeholders. These stakeholders have to be identified and evaluated
as to their capacity and commitment to implement certain components of the management
plan.
2. The PAMB through the PA office shall invite potential partners to a conference where the
management plan shall be presented. During the presentation, the PAMB spokesperson
shall emphasize the need for other stakeholders to get involved in the protection and
conservation of MVNP.
3. Those who will commit to participate in the implementation of a particular component of
the management plan shall execute a memorandum of understanding or co-management
agreement with the PAMB, which would define specific responsibilities, obligations and
accountabilities. The participating stakeholders shall also provide funds in the
implementation of such component of the GMP.
4. The PAMB shall conduct periodic monitoring of all partnership agreements it has
established. Violations of any of the terms of agreements would be ground for the
termination of the partnership agreements.

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6.2.4.1.2.5 Integration of MVNP management plan to a larger landscape development
of Leyte Island

The main purpose of this strategy is to harmonize the conservation requirements of MVNP
to the overall development agenda of the LGU’s at the municipal level or provincial level as the
case maybe.

1. The PAMB shall issue a resolution requesting LGUs, agencies/provincial and other
institutions operating in MVNP to integrate the Management Plan to their respective
development and policy agenda.
2. The PA office shall make representation to these agencies and to present the management
plan. The integration of the GMP shall be done through issuance of a resolution and/or
ordinance in the case of LGUs while support or endorsement letters shall be secured from
national agencies and non-government sectors. Endorsement shall also be secured from the
Regional Development Council.
3. Following issuance of resolutions and/or ordinances, the PAMB through the PA office shall
work out the possible funding support that LGUs and other stakeholders may provide in
the implementation of the management plan.

6.2.4.1.2.6 Resource generation

This strategy involves generation of necessary resources to implement the MVNP general
management plan. In as much that there is already an established guideline of the protected area
fund; the PAMB shall make use of it as a main policy framework to generate the resources. There
are several options that shall be considered in generating fund to sustain the management operation
of MVNP and these will include (a) inclusion to the proposed MVNP law a provision on funding
support; (b) sourcing of project funds from various funding institutions through development of
proposals based on this management plan; (c) development and implementation of users’ fee
system such as ecotourism, and other allowable resource uses; (d) marketing of MVNP
management plan so that other interested groups shall directly be involved on its implementation
including the provision of necessary funding support; (e) enter into an agreement with the two

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LGU covering MVNP to implement certain components of the management plan and/or to provide
funding support; and (f) the DENR shall include on its annual budget the fund for MVNP activities.

1. The PAMB shall develop and implement users’ fee system using the result output of
Payment of Ecosystem Services (PES) for the allowable use of MVNP resources to
generate funds in implementing the management plan.
2. The PA office under the direct accountability of the PASu shall implement guidelines
issued by the PAMB on the imposition of the fee system in consonance with the PES
results.
3. Aside from the IPAF, the PAMB through the PA office shall develop project proposals
based on this management plan, which shall be submitted to various funding institutions.
A marketing strategy for this purpose shall be developed and implemented by the PA
office.
4. The PAMB and the DENR through BMB shall also make representation to the Congress
to include a specific budget in the legislation of the MVNP Act.
5. The PA office shall request the budget generated from the IPAF to finance its
operations/activities and that of the PAMB as it is deemed necessary.
6. The BMB-CDD shall work out a regular budget line for MVNP in the annual work and
financial plan of the DENR.

6.2.4.1.2.7 Policy development and implementation

The PAMB shall enact site-specific regulations to implement this management plan. These
policy requirements are presented in the management standards and guidelines section of this
management plan. While MVNP law is not yet enacted, all policy issuances of the PAMB shall be
submitted to the DENR Secretary for affirmation.

1. The PAMB shall enact specific policies and regulations that are required in this
management plan. The development of these policies shall be done in a participatory
manner involving stakeholders.

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2. Policy issuances by the PAMB shall be subject to public hearing especially if they carry
imposition of fees and fines for violations. In the same manner, these regulations shall be
published locally for wider dissemination. Popular forms of CEPA materials containing
PAMB enacted regulations shall be developed and distributed.
3. The chairperson of the PAMB shall forward all policy issuances of the PAMB to the DENR
Secretary for affirmation.
4. The PA office shall implement the regulations issued by the PAMB and affirmed by the
DENR Secretary.
5. The PAMB shall conduct periodic review, monitoring and evaluations of its policy
issuances as to their effectiveness in the protection and conservation of the protected area.

6.2.4.1.2.8 Monitoring and evaluation system

1. The PASu shall designate a monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel who is privy to
this management plan and to implement the M & E activities. The system presented in this
GMP shall be included in the management information system (MIS) at the PA office.
2. The monitoring system shall be undertaken periodically. Based on the PA annual work
plan, the PASu through the M & E personnel shall conduct quarterly monitoring of the
different activities. The monthly report of every PA staff shall be consolidated to prepare
the PA quarterly report. Field validations and gathering of supporting documents shall be
included as part of the monitoring.
3. Annual assessment shall be undertaken so as to determine the outputs for the year in terms
of the required results based on the annual work plan. The assessment shall involve
determining the hindering and/or facilitating the delivery or/non delivery of the expected
outputs for the year.
4. Every two years, METT analysis shall be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the
GMP implementation and the effectiveness of the PA personnel and the PAMB.
5. The PAMB shall also conduct an annual evaluation as to the performance of the PA staff
as well as the implementation of the decisions it rendered during the period.

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6. This management plan shall be subjected to comprehensive review and updating by the
PAO after five years to make necessary adjustments if the situation so demands. Technical
experts may be hired to facilitate the review and updating process.
7. All information generated in the monitoring and evaluation especially METT analysis
output shall be used as inputs in the succeeding planning cycles.

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7.0 Human Resources and Institutional Arrangements

This section of the GMP provides details on the management system of MVNP and the
institutional arrangement that shall be in place to ensure participation of local stakeholders.
Adjustments and/or modifications to this proposed arrangement shall be done once the MVNP law
is finally enacted by the Congress.

7.1 The PAMB

1. The enactment of the MVNP Act, PAMB members shall act in accordance to the
authority, responsibility and function accorded to them by the NIPAS act and DAO
26, Series of 2008.

2. The PAMB is the highest site-based policy making body of the protected area. The
composition of the PAMB is as follows:
• The RD as Chairperson and advisor on matters related to the management of
the protected area.
• The Provincial Planning and Development Coordinator from each province
with territory within the protected area.
• One representative from each of the Municipality covering the protected area.
• One representative from each of the Barangay covering the protected area.
• At least three (3) but not more than five (5) representatives from local NGOs
and community organizations, including people’s organizations, church or
civic organizations and the academe, and
• One representative each, if necessary, from other departments or national
government agencies involved in the protected area.

3. The proposed MVNP management structure is presented by a chart.

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 4 PAMB members 4 PAMB members 4 PAMB members 4 PAMB members

7.2 Protected Area Office

1. The PASu shall act as the chief operating officer of the DENR at the PA. He/She is
directly accountable to the PAMB and the DENR RD. The PASu should be
supported by sufficient DENR regular staff, which shall be designated by the RD to
compose the PA Office.
2. The PASu shall be guided by the NIPAS Act and its implementing rules and
regulations in discharging his/her authority and functions meanwhile that the MVNP
Law is not yet enacted.
3. To PAO office under the leadership of the PASu shall act as the secretariat to the
PAMB. It is the primarily responsibility of the PAO to take the lead in the
implementation of this management plan with the support of the PAMB and other
stakeholders.
4. The proposed organizational structure of the Protected Area Office is presented
below and its proposed staffing is presented below.

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7.3 Proposed MVNP Organization Structure and Staffing

Table 1b. Proposed Staffing of MVNP

Salary
No. Item Qualification Standards
Grade
BS graduate of related science with relevant
1 Park Superintendent 22 trainings/seminars/ at least 5 years in community based &
PA management experience
Sr. Ecosystem
1 18 BS graduate of related science with experience
Management Specialist
1 Administrative Officer 15 BS graduate of related science with experience
1 Finance Officer/Cashier 11 BS graduate of related science with experience
Supply Officer/Property
1 10 BS graduate of related science with experience
Custodian
Ecosystem Mgnt BS graduate of related science with relevant
1 15
Specialist II trainings/seminar
BS graduate of related science with relevant
1 M & E Specialist I 11
trainings/seminar
Ecosystem Mgnt BS graduate of related science with relevant
1 11
Specialist I trainings/seminar

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 Community
1 Development Officer/
Livelihood Specialist I
1 Ecotourism Specialist I
Park Maintenance
2 8
Foreman
2 Park Ranger
1 Driver
1 Clerks/Admin Aide
2 Utility Worker
BS graduate of related science with relevant
11
trainings/seminar
BS graduate of related science with relevant
11
trainings/seminar
BS graduate of related science with relevant
trainings/seminar
8 College level
Senior High School Graduate w/ at least 2 years driving
4
experience
4 Senior High School Graduate/ computer literate
2 Atleast Elementary Graduate

7.4 Participation of Local Government Units

1. Local government units participate in the management of MVNP through

membership of their representatives to the PAMB. Each representative of LGUs to
the PAMB is therefore required to participate in all PAMB activities.
2. Representatives of LGUs to the PAMB have the responsibility to relay to their
respective officials and constituents matters that have been decided by the PAMB.
These representatives shall make sure that any actions initiated by the LGU they
represent conform to the PAMB approved decisions and to this management plan.
3. LGUs covering the protected area should adopt this management plan for integration
to their respective short and long term development plans.
4. The enacted policies and guidelines of the PAMB shall be adopted by the
Sangguniang Bayan and Sangguniang Barangay in the form of resolutions and/or
ordinances.
5. LGUs may further participate in the management of MVNP by engaging partnership
agreements with the PAMB in implementing certain programs, strategies and/or
activities covered by this management plan, and provide the necessary resources to
implement the approved agreements between them and the PAMB.

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7.5 Participation of the Civil Society

1. Civil society organizations (NGOs and POs) participate in the management of

MVNP through membership of their representatives to the PAMB. Each
representative of these groups is therefore required to participate in all PAMB
activities.
2. Representatives of NGOs and POs to the PAMB have the responsibility to relay to
their respective organizations matters that have been decided by the PAMB. It is
also the responsibility of civil society representatives to present to the PAMB the
concerns raised by organizations they represent.
3. It is recommended that civil society organizations adopt this management plan for
integration to their respective short and long term development plans.
4. Civil society may further participate in the management of MVNP by engaging
partnership agreements with the PAMB in implementing certain programs,
strategies and/or activities covered by this management plan.
5. POs that will avail land tenure security over areas they are occupying in MVNP
shall also develop community resource management plans that are consistent to
PAMB approved decisions and consistent to the different provisions of this
management plan.

7.6 Participation of Other Stakeholders

1. Participation of other stakeholders such as other national government agencies,

business and private groups shall be done through contractual agreements with the
PAMB.
2. Other stakeholders who are not members of the PAMB shall formally submit a letter
of intent to participate in the management of MVNP with corresponding plan of
actions on what specific programs, strategies and/or activities they would like to
implement, and provide necessary funds and other resources to implement their
proposed plan of actions.

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3. All partnership agreements entered into by the PAMB are subject to periodic
monitoring, review and evaluation as to their conformity to the GMP and to the terms
and conditions of the approved agreements.

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8.0 Logical Framework
Results Indicators MOV’s External
Assumptions

Vision/Long Term Goal

MVNP as a representative sample of the forest biodiversity and unique natural and
scenic areas of providing sustained ecological services and opportunities for equitable and
sustainable development and avenues for stakeholder participation and empowerment on its
management.

Goal 1
Protected biological By 2022, MVNP forest BMS, Every six No major
diversity and sustained cover and biological months BMS calamities that
ecological balance and diversity maintained. reports will hinder the
socio-economic benefits to activity and
upstream and downstream No additional threatened budget
communities. species listed allocation and
technical
assistance from
DENR
Objectives 1.1 By 2022, the PA Management No major
To demarcate PA management zones will zone maps and calamities that
management zones with be demarcated with monuments will hinder the
permanent monument of permanent monument of activity and
boundaries of the PA. boundaries budget
allocation.
Objective 1.2
To curtail or minimize By 2022, illegal activities Patrol No major
the occurrence of illegal within the PA will be monitoring calamities that
and destructive activities. minimized. reports, BMS will hinder the
reports activity and
budget
allocation.
Objective 1.3 No major
To enhance the habitat, By 2022, abundance of BMS report, calamities such
watershed, and other wildlife is enhanced and BAMS reports as drought that
ecological functions of sufficient water source will hinder the
MVNP. increase water table activity and
budget
allocation.
Objective 1.4
To update the Continued monitoring BMS reports No major
biodiversity information and research about the every six months calamities that
of MVNP through regular biodiversity information will hinder the
of MVNP activity and

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 monitoring and budget
continuing research. allocation.
Objective 1.5
To heighten community Continued conduct of CEPA reports -
awareness in biodiversity CEPA and other and
importance. conservation activities for documentation
the awareness of local
community
Goal 2
Provided opportunities By 2022, programs will MOA -
and mechanisms provided be established to provide
to institutionalizing a for the local community
gender sensitive and that gives equality to both
community-based resource men and women
management programs.
Objective 2.1
To strengthen and Continued cooperation Minutes,
further capacitate of with the existing PO’s attendance, -
existing community (MRWDA & LAMCOA) photo
organizations involving documentation
men and women.
Objective 2.2
To provide By 2020, a BDFE will be SRPAO, BDFE Limited
biodiversity friendly established and economic funding source.
livelihood activities to status of resource
resource-dependent dependent communities
communities of the PA of PA and adjacent
and adjacent communities communities shall
improve
Objective 2.3
To secure additional Continued partnership MOA, Limited
support from other with PO’s, LGU and attendance, funding source.
agencies and other other concerned agencies minutes, photo
stakeholders for and stakeholders documentation
ecotourism and livelihood
activities
Goal 3
Provided ecotourism By 2022, ecotourism Ecotourism
services provided services in MVNP will Management -
continuing conservation improve in which it can Plan
education, non-destructive benefit socially,
recreational opportunities ecologically and
and equitable benefits to economically.
visitors and host
communities.

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 Objective 3. 1
To establish Continued coordination MOA -
coordination, partnership & partnership with LGU,
and implementation PO’s and other agencies
mechanism for the for the implementation of
development of development of
community-based community-based
ecotourism. ecotourism
Objective 3.2
To strengthen capacity By 2019, local Training report
of local communities/ communities/stakeholders & photo .-
stakeholders in providing are organized and trained documentation,
effective ecotourism to provide ecotourism DOLE
services. services (e.g. tour registration
guiding) certificate
Objective 3.3
To develop and install By 2022, constructed new Geotag photos of Limited
compatible and low impact ecotourism the constructed funding source.
appropriate low impact facilities in the PA & facilities and
visitors’ /ecotourism maintained existing building
facilities structures
Objective 3.4
To design and By 2020, implementation Event/ activity Limited
implement site-based of additional site-based report with photo funding source.
ecotourism events and ecotourism events and documentation
products will be pursued.
products that will promote
the ecotourism program
of MVNP.

Objective 3.5
To conduct carrying By 2019, carrying Carrying Limited
capacity of ecotourism capacity research will be capacity research funding source
sites. conducted in ecotourism report and technical
sites assistance.
Goal 4
Strengthen management By 2020, the MOA
system strengthened and management system of -
operational with legislative MVNP will continue to
measure that provides strengthen in accordance
funding support and to PAMB guidelines and
broad-based stakeholder will be able to provide
participation. support and get the active
participation of
stakeholders

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Objective 4.1
To ensure the Continued efforts for the Congress Bill Priorities of the
enactment by the enactment of the MVNP Act or MVNP Congress.
Congress of the MVNP Act Act
Act.
Objective 4.2
To strengthen, advance Continued cooperation Appointments of
management and sustain and understanding in PAMB, -
operation of the PAMB terms of management and resolutions and
and PA office. operation of PAMB and photo docs
PA office

Objective 4.3
To establish Continued partnership MOA
partnership with relevant with partner agencies -
stakeholders in the such as DENR, LGU and
other stakeholders like
implementation of the
the PO’s in the
management plan. implementation of
Management plan
Objective 4.4
To harmonize Biodiversity and CLUP/FLUP of
biodiversity and sustainable needs of partner LGU’s, -
sustainable development MVNP are conformed in LGU/BLGU
the policies & programs resolutions
needs of MVNP to the
of partner agencies
legislative agenda of (LGU’s & other
partner agencies. agencies)

Objective 4.5
To carry out resource By 2020, there will be MVNP Availability of
mobilization strategies formulated strategies for Management resources such
that would respond to the the resource mobilization Plan, MOA as fundings.
sustainability of MVNP within the PA that would
management operations. respond to MVNP
management operations
with the participation of
different stakeholders

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Objectives 4.6
To formulate and Continued enforcement Brgy. Ordinance,
enforce policies and of policies and resolution Resolutions, -
guidelines that will ensure to ensure the MOA, and
the conservation and conservation and MVNP
protection of the PA and protection of PA in management
its adjacent areas. accordance to the plan
guidelines of PAMB
within the PA
Objectives 4.7
To develop and Continued participatory M & E report
implement a participatory monitoring and -
monitoring and evaluation evaluation system by the
system so as to enhance DENR and other
the management system stakeholders for the
of MVNP. enhancement of the
MVNP system and
management

83
 9.0 Financial Plan
Financial resources and mobilization of funds is an important element in implementation the programs and projects indicated
in the management plan. The source of funding in the PA is from the DENR-BMB. Mobilization of funds shall be carried out by the
DENR.

Annual budget summary each activities for a five (5) year management plan (CY 2018-2022) per management focus.
Mgnt. Refo/Infr Utilities,
no Short-term astructur Electricit Incentive
project e, Trainings Printing/ y, Water, s (law Miscellan
Staff/ equipmen ,Meetings Publicati Communi enforcem e s,
Personn Consultant/ t, and Supplies on/ cation ent, registrati
Management el/ Core Professiona furniture, Special and Service (data and livelihood on, repair
Focus staff l Services vehicle Events Travel Materials Contracts print) , etc.) etc) Total Remarks
1 Demarcation
and 1st yr
monumenting accompli
of PA 0 144,000 30,000 0 30,000 40,000 0 0 0 56,000 300,000 shed
2 Formulation
and
enforcement of
law/ integrated
resource
protection,
conservation a
nd
mobilization 0 0 0 0 25,000 62,500 0 0 162,500 0 250,000
3 Reforestation/
Rehabilitation
of denuded
area of the PA
and
maintenance 1,000,00
0 0 750,000 0 100,000 150,000 0 0 0 0 0

84
4 Updating of
the
biodiversity
information of
MVNP 750,000
through
regular 150,000/
monitoring 0 0 0 0 300,000 450,000 0 0 0 0 yr
5 IEC/CEPA
projects or
activities
0 0 0 375,000 75,000 175,000 75,000 0 0 0 700,000
6 Conduct of
trainings/semi
nars to
strengthen
existing
organizations
involving men
and women 0 0 0 162,500 25,000 62,500 0 0 0 0 250,000
7 Livelihood
activities for
resource-
based
dependent
communities
with the PA
and adjacent
communities/
implementatio
n of BDFE
(e.g. tour 1,000,00
guiding) 0 130,000 0 330,000 100,000 140,000 0 0 300,000 0 0
8 Establishment
of network
with 0 0 0 0 100,000 150,000 0 0 0 0 250,000

85
 concerned
agencies and
other
stakeholders
for additional
support for
livelihood and
ecotourism
9 Partnership
with the
stakeholders
for community
based 1,000,00
ecotourism 0 0 0 200,000 100,000 200,000 0 0 500,000 0 0
10 Development
and
installation of
compatible
and
appropriate
low impact
ecotourism
facilities. (i.e. 20,000,0
view deck, 00
entrance
booth, CR 4,000,00
etc.) 0 250,000 400,000 0 100,000 250,000 0 0 0 0 0/yr
11 Development
of site-based
ecotourism
events and
products that
promotes the
ecotourism
program of
MVNP such as 0 0 0 0 25,000 75,000 150,000 0 0 0 250,000

86
 Mahagnao
Outdoor
Festival
12 Carrying
capacity
research on
ecotourism
sites. 0 180,000 0 0 30,000 90,000 0 0 0 0 300,000
Formulation
13 of MVNP Act
by the
Congress 0 0 0 0 200,000 150,000 0 0 0 150,000 500,000
14 Strengthening
and sustaining
operation of
the PAMB and
PA office 0 0 0 325,000 50,000 125,000 0 0 0 0 500,000
15 Partnership
with agencies
and other
stakeholders in
the
implementatio
n of the
management
plan 0 0 0 175,000 175,000 150,000 0 0 0 0 500,000 50 yr.
16 Inclusion of
biodiversity
and
sustainable
development
needs of
MVNP to
CLUP/ FLUP
of the partner
LGU’s 0 0 0 0 10,000 40,000 0 0 0 100,000 150,000

87
17 Formulation
and
enforcement of
policies and
guidelines for
the
conservation
and protection
of the PA. 0 0 0 100,000 25,000 75,000 0 0 0 50,000 250,000
18 Adapting
Management
Effectiveness
Tracking Tool
(METT) for a
participatory
monitoring
and evaluation
system 0 100,000 0 300,000 25,000 75,000 0 0 0 0 500,000

Grand Total P12,450,000.00

88
10. Management Plan Implementation
This MVNP management manual covers the 5 years MVNP work monitoring plan. The work plan contains the detailed activities
based on Management Plan with corresponding expected outcomes. The implementing institutions and mechanisms are also provided
including the schedule for the implementation of the different activities.

Schedule of Implementation Implement

Mgnt Strategies
Resource Budget Source of ing Remar
focus and Expected Output
Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 s Needed Fund Institution ks
no. Activities
Person
Survey Team
1 organized and
capacitated Personne
Demarcation
Ground survey and l
and
validation undertaken Equipme 300,000
monumentin
nt DENR DENR
g of PA Maps prepared Supplies LGU (if LGU
Management zones any)
established and
delineated; with
permanent and visible
markers
Formulatio PA enforcement team
n and organized and
enforcemen capacitated (6
t of law/ LAWIN members and Man
2
integrated 2 Green Brigade power DENR DENR
250,000
resource Volunteers) for Equipme LGU LGU
protection, resource protection nt
conservatio and mobilization Supplies
n and Cases filed, if any
mobilizatio
No human illegal
n
activities

89
 Reforestati PA rehabilitation and
on/Rehabili restoration of open Seedling
tation of areas and enhance s DENR,
Man Barangays
denuded through habitat,
power 1,000,00 LGU’s
area of the watershed and DENR
3 Supplies 0 Other
PA and ecological functions & stakeholde
maintenanc of MVNP Material rs
e Area reforested and s
restored
Permanent plot
established for the
4 Updating of monitoring of the Man
the biodiversity power
biodiversity Equipme
information Monitoring of nt
threatened species 750,000 DENR DENR
of MVNP Supplies
through and
Quarterly conduct of Material
regular
BMS inside the PA s
monitoring
Conservation of the
water quality of the
lakes
IEC materials Man
IEC/CEPA prepared and power
5 Equipme
projects or disseminated 700,000
nt
activities DENR DENR
Interpretative signs Supplies
and markers posted at and
Material
designated places to s
increase awareness
and appreciation of

90
 the biodiversity
importance of the PA
Establishment of
visitor center
Organize and
capacitate tour guides
in the PA

Continuing
dialogue/with local
stakeholders
Conduct of
trainings/se
minars to
strengthen Number of trainings
existing conducted
6
organizatio
ns
involving
men and Personne DENR DENR
250,000
women l LGU LGU
Trained members and Supplies
strengthened
Number of female and
male members in
organization
capacitated

91
 Livelihood Livelihood of
activities stakeholders
and training provided/introduced
for
resource- Economic enterprise
based and practices
dependent Supplies
communitie Mitigation and Equipme
s with the strategies trainings for nt
DENR
non-destructive Material 1,000,00 DENR
7 PA and LGU
s 0 LGU
adjacent livelihood NGO’s
Man
communitie power
s/ Capacity building of
implementa local community and
tion of
other stakeholders
BDFE (e.g.
provided on
Training for
tour ecotourism
guiding)
Establishm
ent of
network
with
concerned
Linkaging to the
agencies
and other LGU’S, NGO’s, Man
DENR
8 OGA’s with MOA 250,000 DENR LGU
stakeholder power
signed PAMB
s for
additional
support for
livelihood
and
ecotourism

92
 Established
community based
Partnership ecotourism program
with the developed and DENR
stakeholder engaged in LGU
1,000,00
Man DENR PAMB
9 s for partnership/co- 0
power Other
community management in stakeholde
-based management of rs
ecotourism ecotourism site

Developme
nt of
compatible
and Supplies
appropriate Equipme
20,000,0
low impact nt DENR
Installed ecotourism 00 DENR
Material LGU
10 ecotourism facilities in the PA LGU
s PAMB
facilities. 4,000,00
Man
(i.e. view 0/yr
power
deck,
entrance
booth, CR
and etc.)
Developme Linkaging to LGU’s, Supplies
nt of site- NGO’s and OGA’s Equipme
based for Advertising nt DENR DENR
ecotourism materials production Material LGU LGU
11 250,000
events and for the marketing and s PO PO
products Man
promotion of MVNP
that power
ecotourism
promotes

93
 the
ecotourism
program of
MVNP
such as
Mahagnao
Outdoor
Festival
Supplies
Carrying Equipme
capacity nt
Carrying capacity of Material 300,000 DENR DENR
12 research on the PA conducted s LGU LGU
ecotourism Man
sites. power

Formulatio Act formulated by

n of MVNP congress. Man DENR
13 Act by the 500,000 DENR
power LGU
Congress.

100% attendance with

Strengtheni PAMB members Supplies
ng and during meetings and Equipme
sustaining other related activities nt DENR
Material 500,000 PAMB
14 operation of and regular staffing of DENR
s LGU
the PAMB personnel within the
Man
and PA PA office power
office.

Partnership Participatory Supplies DENR

DENR
15 with monitoring and Equipme 500,000 LGU
LGU
agencies evaluation system nt PO

94
 and other develop and Material
stakeholder implemented to s
s in the enhance the Man
implementa management system power
tion of the of MVNP
Manageme
nt Plan.
Inclusion of Management plan of
biodiversity MVNP formulated
and and implemented
16 sustainable
developme DENR
Man DENR
nt needs of 150,000 LGU
power LGU
MVNP to PO’s
CLUP/
FLUP of CLUP/FLUP prepared
the partner
LGU’s
Formulatio
n and
enforcemen
t of policies
and Equipme DENR
Illegal activities will nt LGU
17 guidelines be regulated 250,000 DENR
Personne PO
for the l PAMB
conservatio
n and
protection
of the PA.
Adapting Participatory Personne
monitoring and l DENR
Manageme
18 Supplies 500,000 DENR PO
nt evaluation system Equipme PAMB
Effectivene develop and nts

95
ss Tracking implemented to
Tool enhance the
(METT) for management system
a of MVNP
participator
y
monitoring
and
evaluation
system

96
11.0 Monitoring and Evaluation

11.1 Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring and evaluation is done to assess and monitor the current situation and
accomplishments of the protected area. This is an opportunity to strengthen, develop and a way to
a better management. Through monitoring and evaluation this gives a track to the performance of
all the activities done in the PA, as well as the changes and interventions and its results. This also
provides suggestions in the desired impact or goal of MVNP. It also enhances technical and
operational knowledge, improves the participation of stakeholders, and provides better ideas based
on the results of the evaluation. Monitoring and evaluation will be done once a year depending on
the regularity of the activity and needed time to produce the outputs.

MOV’s that might be gathered are the Maps, Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS) and
Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring System (BAMS) reports, Perception Surveys, Payment
for Ecosystem Services (PES), SRPAO/SEAMS results, PAMB operations, Patrolling reports and
others.

11.2 Management Effectiveness Assessment (MEA)

The MVNP will undergo Management Effectiveness Assessment (MEA). The tool that
will be use is the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) that will be done every two
years. The METT is an assessment tool developed by the World Bank/ WWF Alliance for Forest
Conservation and Sustainable Use to facilitate reporting effectiveness of management
interventions in WWF and World Bank projects around PA. It is also one of the several tools built
by World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) to provide overall guidance in the
development and conduct of management assessment and reporting. METT aims to report the
progress on management effectiveness. This is also to provide a quick overview of progress in
improving the effectiveness of management of PAMB and PA personnel, which is done through
self-evaluation and group discussions.

97
References

DAO 2008-26. Revised Implementing Rules and Regulation or Republic Act No. 7586 or the
National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992

DENR. 2015. Survey and Registration of Protected Area Occupants (SRPAO) of Mahagnao
Volcano Natural Park

DENR. 2016. Perception Survey

DENR. 2017. Biodiversity Monitoring System

DENR. 2017. Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring System

DENR BMB and GIZ. Nd. Report on the Management Effectiveness and Capacity Assessment
of Protected Areas in the Philippines

DOST. 2017. Climatic Data from 2007-2016

NAMRIA. 2012. Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park on LC Map Proclaimed vs Validated

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES. 1992. Republic Act No. 7586. An act providing for the
establishment and management of National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS)

98
Appendices
Appendix Table 1. Avians along BMS transect line of MVNP

Scientific Name Common Name Local Name Conservation Source

Status
Phapitreron leucotis White- Eared Brown Dove Limokon Least Concern IUCN, 2016
Centropus viridis Philippine coucal Kokok Least Concern IUCN, 2017
Dendrocygna arcuate Wandering –Whistling Kulemaw Least Concern IUCN, 2017
duck
Collocalia esculenta Glossy Swiflet Sayaw Least Concern IUCN, 2017
Macronous stiaticeps Brown-tit Babbler Gaas Least Concern IUCN, 2017
Loriculus philippensis Phillipine hanging parrot Kusi Least Concern IUCN, 2017
Pycnonotus goiavier Yellow-Vented Bul-bul Pago Least Concern IUCN, 2017
Hypsipetes Philippine Bulbul Tagbaya Least Concern IUCN, 2017
philippinus
Discrurus Spangled drongo Uwak-uwak Least Concern IUCN, 2017
hottenntottus
Icterus galbula Oriol Tulihaw Least Concern IUCN, 2017
Saccops calvus Coleto Iling Least Concern IUCN, 2017
Nectarinia jugularis Olive backed Sunbird Least Concern IUCN, 2017
Aethopyga Metallic-Winged Sunbird Siwit Least Concern IUCN, 2017
pulcherrima
Bolbopsittacus Guaiabero Kuligot Least Concern IUCN, 2017
lunulatus
Dicacaeum Reed-keeled Flowerpecker Tamsi
trigonostigma
Spilornis cheela Serpent Eagle Banog Least Concern IUCN, 2017
Megalaima Coppersmith Barbet Pokpok Least Concern IUCN, 2017
haemacephala
Ptilinotus urostictus White-Breasted Fruit Dove San-e
Source: BMS, 2017

99
Appendix Table 2. Mammals reported during the Focus Group Discussion with the PO’s
Local Name Scientific Name Conservation Status Source
Garong (Civet cat) Viverra tangalunga Least Concern IUCN, 2017
Kabog (Fyling fox) Pteropus sp. - -
Source: BMS-FGD, 2017
Appendix Table 3. Reptiles along the BMS transect line in MVNP
Local Name Scientific Name Conservation Status Source
Halo Varanus salvator Least Concern IUCN, 2017
Sawa Reticulated phyton - -
Source: BMS, 2017
Appendix Table 4. Fishes reported during the Focus Group Discussion with the PO’s
Local Name Scientific Name Conservation Status Source
Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus - -
Source: BMS-FGD, 2017
Appendix Table 5. Invertebrates reported during the Focus Group Discussion with the PO’s
Local Name Scientific Name Conservation Status Source
Tulya Corbiluca manilensis - -
Tahong Perna viridis - -
Suso - - -
Source: BMS-FGD, 2017
Appendix Table 6. List of Tree species (local name) along the BMS transect line
Conservation
Local Name Common Name Scientific Name Source
Status
(Voucher for
Agutapay
identification)
Abgao Alagaw Premna odorata - -
Anii Ani-e Erythrina olavifolia - -
Dipterocarpus critically
Apitong Apitong IUCN, 2017
grandiflorus endangered
Atis Atis Annona squamosa - -
(Voucher for
Atis-atis
identification)
Bagosalak Bagosalak Canthium gynochtodes - -
Balobo Balobo Diplodiscus paniculatus Vulnerable IUCN, 2017
Beilschmiedia
Balocas Tirukan - -
glomerata

100
 Chisocheton
Balukanag Balukanag - -
cumingianus
Batuan Batuan Garcinia binucao - -
Bay-
Gubas Endospermum peltatum - -
ang/Gubas
Bitanghol Bitanghol Callopphyllum blancoi - -
Sukab/Magsal
Puso-puso Litsea glutinosa - -
oro
Bungabong Bongabong Macaranga mappa - -
(Voucher for
Burak
identification)
Buyon Buyon Mussaonda anisophylla - -
Catmon Katmon Dillenia philippinensis Vulnerable IUCN, 2017
critically
Gangawan Tanguile Shorea polysperma IUCN, 2017
endangered
Clerodendrum
Hamindang Hamindang - -
brachyanthum
(Voucher for
Hamom-o
identification)
Hanagdong Anabiong Trema orientalis - -
Hangakitan Balete Ficus benjamina - -
(Voucher for
Hangilo
identification)
Hantilingaton Lingatong Dendrocnide meyeniana - -
Hindang Hindang Myrica javanica Blume - -
Ipil-ipil Ipil-ipil Leucaena leucocephala - -
(Voucher for
Tanghao
identification)
Tibangalagasi Alagasi Leucosyke capitellata - -
Kabak Bangkal Nauclea orientalis - -
(Voucher for
Tubog
identification)
Strombosia
Kamahiwan Tamayuan - -
philippinensis
(Voucher for
Kiyakiya
identification)
Lanete Lanete Wrightia lanete - -
Artocarpus
Langka Jackfruit - -
heterophyllus
(Voucher for
Langara
identification)
Lapnisan Lapnisan Polyalthia oblongifolia - -
critically
Lauan busag White lauan Shorea contorta IUCN, 2017
endangered

101
 critically
Lauan pula Red lauan Shorea negrosensis IUCN, 2017
endangered
Libas Libas Spondias Pinnata - -
Wakatan Wakatan Palaquium philippense Vulnerable IUCN, 2017
yaoyao Yaoyao Litsea micrantha Merr. - -
Viticipremna
Limalima Lingo-lingo - -
philippinensis
Cratoxylum
Lumalayag Pag-uringon - -
sumatranum
Magilik Magilik Premna tomentosa - -

Malabayabas Malabayabas Tristaniopsis decorticate vulnerable IUCN, 2017

Malabunga Malabunga Alseodaphne malabonga - -

Malaikmo Malaikmo Celtidaceae philippensis - -
(Voucher for
Malaigang
identification)
malapapaya Malapapaya Polyscias nodosa - -
(Voucher for
Malatamban
identification)
Malatambis Digeg Memecylon lanceolatum
Malatibig Tibig Ficus nota - -
Malatuba Malatuba Cleidion javanicuni - -
(Voucher for
Malatugop
identification)
(Voucher for
Manaybanay
identification)
DAO 2007-
Taguite Taguile Shorea polysperma Vulnerable
01
(Voucher for
Tubog
identification)
Mangasinoro Mangasinoro Shorea philippinensis - -
(Voucher for
Matang-ahas
identification)
critically
Matobato Malibato Hopea malibato IUCN, 2017
endangered
critically
Mayapis Mayapis Shorea palosapis IUCN, 2017
endangered
Micselaneous (Voucher for
Sp. identification)
Mililpili Milipili Canarium luzonicum vulnerable IUCN, 2017
Naga Narra Pterocarpus indicus vulnerable IUCN, 2017
(Voucher for
Olaro
identification)

102
 Olayan Ulaian Lithocarpus pruinosa - -
Koordersiodendron
Otabong Amugis - -
pinnatum
(Voucher for
Palaspas
identification)
(Voucher for
Patisagi
identification)
(Voucher for
Pipi
identification)
(Voucher for
Poolig
identification)
(Voucher for
Salay
identification)
Source: BMS, 2017

Appendix Table 7. Shannon Diversity Index Category

Relative Values Shannon (H’) Index

Very High 3.5 and above

High 3.0 – 3.49

Moderate 2.5 – 2.99

Low 2.0 – 2.49

Very Low 1.9 and below

103
 Appendix Table No. 8. Upper Canopy Diversity Index
Biodiversity Assessment Monitoring System (BAMS) Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park Burauen Leyte ( Upper Canopy Diversity Index)
No. of Relative Relative Important Shannon Diversity Index
Species Density Frequency
Species Density Frequency Value n/N log n/N (LN) n/Nxlog n/N
Ane-i 2 0.00200 0.137457 0.6667 0.147465 0.284922 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Atipolo 11 0.01100 0.756014 2.7500 0.608295 1.364309 0.00756014 -4.8848659 0.03693026
Bagotambis 1 0.00100 0.068729 0.1000 0.02212 0.090848 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Bahay 1 0.00100 0.068729 0.5000 0.110599 0.179328 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Balante 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.221198 0.289927 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Balokas 1 0.00100 0.068729 0.5000 0.110599 0.179328 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.005005334
Bay-ang 5 0.00500 0.343643 5.0000 1.105991 1.449633 0.00343643 -5.6733233 0.019495956
Bayog 3 0.00300 0.206186 3.0000 0.663595 0.86978 0.00206186 -6.1841489 0.01275082
Bitanghol 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.221198 0.289927 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Burak 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.221198 0.289927 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Dalison 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.221198 0.289927 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Falkata 4 0.00400 0.274914 4.0000 0.884793 1.159707 0.00274914 -5.8964668 0.01621022
Gapasgaps 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.221198 0.289927 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Gmelina 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.442396 0.579853 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Hagimit 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.442396 0.579853 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Hamindang 6 0.00600 0.412371 2.0000 0.442396 0.854767 0.00412371 -5.4910017 0.02264331
Hanagdong 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.442396 0.579853 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Hanom-o 4 0.00400 0.274914 4.0000 0.884793 1.159707 0.00274914 -5.8964668 0.01621022
Hindang 4 0.00400 0.274914 4.0000 0.884793 1.159707 0.00274914 -5.8964668 0.01621022
Ipil-ipil 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.442396 0.579853 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
kamahiwan 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.442396 0.579853 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Korong 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.442396 0.579853 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Kotipot 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.442396 0.579853 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Laneti 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.221198 0.289927 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Lomangog 5 0.00500 0.343643 5.0000 1.105991 1.449633 0.00343643 -5.6733233 0.01949596
Lumalayag 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.442396 0.579853 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Malapapaya 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.442396 0.579853 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Milipili 3 0.00300 0.206186 1.0000 0.221198 0.427384 0.00206186 -6.1841489 0.01275082
Muging 6 0.00600 0.412371 6.0000 1.327189 1.73956 0.00412371 -5.4910017 0.022643306
Oracay 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.221198 0.289927 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Otabong 1 0.00100 0.068729 0.1667 0.036866 0.105595 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Palosapis 2 0.00200 0.137457 1.0000 0.221198 0.358655 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.009057889
Pili 2 0.00200 0.137457 0.2857 0.063199 0.200657 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
R-lauan 3 0.00300 0.206186 3.0000 0.663595 0.86978 0.00206186 -6.1841489 0.012750822
Rubia 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.221198 0.289927 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Taguile 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.442396 0.579853 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Tibig 2 0.00200 0.137457 1.0000 0.221198 0.358655 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
W-lauan 1 0.00100 0.068729 0.1667 0.036866 0.105595 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Total 95 0.09500 6.52921 72.1357 16 22.4855 0.0652921 -250.38585 0.39997169

104
Appendix Table No.9. Understory Diversity Index
Biodiversity Assessment Monitoring System (BAMS) Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park Burauen Leyte ( Understorey Diversity Index)
No. of Relative Relative Important Shannon Diversity Index
Species Species Density Density Frequency FrequencyValue n/N log n/N (LN)n/Nxlog n/N
Agotapay 1 0.001 0.068729 0.1 0.02212 0.090848 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Alagasi 8 0.008 0.549828 1.6 0.353917 0.903745 0.00549828 -5.2033196 0.02860932
Ane-i 2 0.002 0.137457 1 0.221198 0.358655 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Atipolo 2 0.002 0.137457 0.2 0.04424 0.181697 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Bagosalak 15 0.015 1.030928 15 3.317973 4.3489 0.01030928 -4.574711 0.04716197
bagotambis 2 0.002 0.137457 0.66666667 0.147465 0.284922 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Balante 8 0.008 0.549828 1.33333333 0.294931 0.844759 0.00549828 -5.2033196 0.02860932
Balingasag 1 0.001 0.068729 0.11111111 0.024578 0.093306 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Balokas 1 0.001 0.068729 0.33333333 0.073733 0.142461 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Barobalanti 2 0.002 0.137457 1 0.221198 0.358655 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Bay-ang 1 0.001 0.068729 0.2 0.04424 0.112968 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Bayog 1 0.001 0.068729 0.5 0.110599 0.179328 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Bitanghol 3 0.003 0.206186 1 0.221198 0.427384 0.00206186 -6.1841489 0.01275082
Burak 2 0.002 0.137457 0.2 0.04424 0.181697 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Cafe 2 0.002 0.137457 0.2 0.04424 0.181697 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Cocoa 1 0.001 0.068729 0.33333333 0.073733 0.142461 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Dalunotan 4 0.004 0.274914 0.8 0.176959 0.451873 0.00274914 -5.8964668 0.01621022
Dita 1 0.001 0.068729 0.1 0.02212 0.090848 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Egyo 1 0.001 0.068729 0.1 0.02212 0.090848 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Falcata 4 0.004 0.274914 0.44444444 0.09831 0.373224 0.00274914 -5.8964668 0.01621022
Gmilina 1 0.001 0.068729 0.1 0.02212 0.090848 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Hagimit 2 0.002 0.137457 0.25 0.0553 0.192757 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Hagotapay 1 0.001 0.068729 0.33333333 0.073733 0.142461 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Hambabalo 2 0.002 0.137457 0.2 0.04424 0.181697 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Hamindang 11 0.011 0.756014 1.1 0.243318 0.999332 0.00756014 -4.8848659 0.03693026
Hanagdong 6 0.006 0.412371 3 0.663595 1.075966 0.00412371 -5.4910017 0.02264331
Hangakitan 1 0.001 0.068729 0.2 0.04424 0.112968 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Hanom-o 18 0.018 1.237113 2.57142857 0.568795 1.805909 0.01237113 -4.3923894 0.05433884
Hatotngaw 54 0.054 3.71134 27 5.972351 9.683691 0.0371134 -3.2937771 0.12224328
Hindang 9 0.009 0.618557 1.8 0.398157 1.016713 0.00618557 -5.0855366 0.03145693
kaliantang 1 0.001 0.068729 0.25 0.0553 0.124028 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Kalingag 1 0.001 0.068729 0.125 0.02765 0.096378 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Kamahiwan 19 0.019 1.305842 1.9 0.420277 1.726118 0.01305842 -4.3383222 0.05665163
Kiakia 2 0.002 0.137457 0.5 0.110599 0.248056 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Laneti 1 0.001 0.068729 0.2 0.04424 0.112968 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Langara 5 0.005 0.343643 2.5 0.552995 0.896638 0.00343643 -5.6733233 0.01949596
Lanite 2 0.002 0.137457 0.28571429 0.063199 0.200657 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Lomalayag 2 0.002 0.137457 0.25 0.0553 0.192757 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Malapapaya 4 0.004 0.274914 1 0.221198 0.496112 0.00274914 -5.8964668 0.01621022
Malatambis 1 0.001 0.068729 0.25 0.0553 0.124028 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Manaibanai 1 0.001 0.068729 0.11111111 0.024578 0.093306 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Mangasinoro 1 0.001 0.068729 0.1 0.02212 0.090848 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Mayapis 3 0.003 0.206186 1 0.221198 0.427384 0.00206186 -6.1841489 0.01275082
Milipili 6 0.006 0.412371 1.2 0.265438 0.677809 0.00412371 -5.4910017 0.02264331
Narra 1 0.001 0.068729 0.14285714 0.0316 0.100328 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Olayan 1 0.001 0.068729 0.2 0.04424 0.112968 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Oracay 1 0.001 0.068729 0.25 0.0553 0.124028 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Otabong 1 0.001 0.068729 0.5 0.110599 0.179328 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Palosapis 15 0.015 1.030928 7.5 1.658986 2.689914 0.01030928 -4.574711 0.04716197
Paloverdi 25 0.025 1.718213 25 5.529954 7.248167 0.01718213 -4.0638854 0.06982621
Pili 1 0.001 0.068729 1 0.221198 0.289927 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
R-lauan 28 0.028 1.924399 28 6.193549 8.117947 0.01924399 -3.9505567 0.07602446
Salay 1 0.001 0.068729 1 0.221198 0.289927 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Sokab 9 0.009 0.618557 3 0.663595 1.282151 0.00618557 -5.0855366 0.03145693
Taguile 2 0.002 0.137457 0.33333333 0.073733 0.21119 0.00137457 -6.589614 0.00905789
Takyobong 5 0.005 0.343643 0.625 0.138249 0.481891 0.00343643 -5.6733233 0.01949596
Tanghaw 1 0.001 0.068729 0.25 0.0553 0.124028 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Tibig 22 0.022 1.512027 3.66666667 0.81106 2.323087 0.01512027 -4.1917187 0.06337994
Tindis 1 0.001 0.068729 0.125 0.02765 0.096378 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
W-lauan 6 0.006 0.412371 0.66666667 0.147465 0.559837 0.00412371 -5.4910017 0.02264331
Yawyaw 1 0.001 0.068729 0.5 0.110599 0.179328 0.00068729 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Total 337 0.337 23.16151 144.208333 31.89862 55.06013 0.23161512 -385.14716 1.11373852

105
Appendix Table No. 10. Percent (%) Species Cover of groundcover species in MVNP
Species Species Cover (%)
Lokdo 1.807
Aramonte 0.763
Hagikhik 0.751
Tarotabako 0.687
Palo verde 0.595
Doknay 0.508
Hagnaya 0.481
Muging 0.440
Karokanding 0.417
Laas 0.292
Hatotngaw 0.282
Dokalang 0.272
Bagakay 0.260
Tobog 0.223
Salak 0.220
Lobe-lobe/Atibanglan 0.212
Karokawayan 0.210
Lakatan 0.207
Payao 0.192
Cogon 0.190
Panogmonon 0.188
Bangkal 0.185
Agsam 0.172
Balokawe 0.159
Carabao grass 0.157
Hamamangpang 0.138
Abaca 0.135
Dalere 0.113
Hanom-o 0.097
Hamindang 0.095
Hagonoy 0.095
Narra 0.090
Talab-angan 0.087
Hagosahis 0.085
Atibanglan 0.083
Balokas 0.070
Wakatan 0.063
Manban 0.058
Barobatones 0.057

106
 Rattan 0.057
Langara 0.056
Olango 0.048
White Lauan 0.046
Panaon 0.043
Dicula 0.043
Hagupit 0.042
Milipili 0.042
Red Lauan 0.042
Pako 0.040
Ane-i 0.038
Katmon 0.037
Mangasinoro 0.037
Malapapaya 0.035
Tindis 0.035
Balingasag 0.032
Café 0.032
Tu-ay 0.028
Agutay 0.028
Manalbo 0.027
Kamahuyan 0.025
Lanite 0.025
Bariw 0.023
Lumalayag 0.022
Balokanad 0.018
Takyobong 0.015
Wild strawberry 0.015
Bagombom 0.013
Malatambis 0.013
Pagite 0.013
Pogahan 0.013
Tikoko 0.013
Banag 0.012
Malaigang 0.012
Salokigi 0.010
Karokamote 0.008
Luya 0.008
Pirigis 0.008
Dalunotan 0.007
Gmelina 0.007
Hanagdong 0.007

107
 Otabong 0.007
Santol 0.007
Kamahiwan 0.007

Appendix Table No.11. Computation of species diversity index for Reptiles and Amphibians
COMPUTATION OF SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES (Reptiles & Amphibians)
Mahagnao, Fauna assessment (Overall total of three (3) Permanent Monitoring Plots) May 29,2017
No. of Relative Relative Important Shannon Diversity Index
Scientific Name Density Frequency
Indi. Density Frequency Value n/N log n/N (LN) n/Nxlog n/N
Sphenomorphus fasciatus 29 0.02900 1.993127148 4.1429 0.91639243 2.90951958 0.019931 -3.91546535 0.078040203
Sphenomorphus llanosi 28 0.02800 1.924398625 9.3333 2.06451628 3.98891491 0.019244 -3.95055667 0.076024458
Calotes cristatellus 5 0.00500 0.343642612 1.0000 0.22119817 0.56484078 0.003436 -5.67332327 0.019495956
Sphenomorphus jagori 38 0.03800 2.611683849 12.6667 2.80184352 5.41352737 0.026117 -3.64517502 0.095200447
Gonocephalus samperi 3 0.00300 0.206185567 0.3750 0.08294931 0.28913488 0.002062 -6.18414889 0.012750822
Mabouya multicarinata 44 0.04400 3.024054983 14.6667 3.24423987 6.26829485 0.030241 -3.49857155 0.105798727
Brachymeles bonitae 3 0.00300 0.206185567 1.5000 0.33179726 0.53798283 0.002062 -6.18414889 0.012750822
Brachymeles sp.A 2 0.00200 0.137457045 0.6667 0.14746545 0.28492249 0.001375 -6.589614 0.009057889
Brachymeles gracilis 5 0.00500 0.343642612 1.2500 0.27649772 0.62014033 0.003436 -5.67332327 0.019495956
Hydrosaurus pustulatus 8 0.00800 0.549828179 1.0000 0.22119817 0.77102635 0.005498 -5.20331964 0.028609318
Lamprolephis smaragdina 26 0.02600 1.786941581 2.6000 0.57511525 2.36205683 0.017869 -4.02466464 0.071918406
Draco bimaculatus 55 0.05500 3.780068729 5.5000 1.21658995 4.99665868 0.037801 -3.27542799 0.123813429
Draco ornatus 25 0.02500 1.718213058 2.5000 0.55299543 2.27120849 0.017182 -4.06388535 0.069826209
Mabuya indeprensa 29 0.02900 1.993127148 2.9000 0.6414747 2.63460185 0.019931 -3.91546535 0.078040203
Lipinia pulchellum 19 0.01900 1.305841924 2.3750 0.52534566 1.83118759 0.013058 -4.3383222 0.05665163
Varanus salvator 8 0.00800 0.549828179 0.8000 0.17695854 0.72678672 0.005498 -5.20331964 0.028609318
Gehyra mutilata 45 0.04500 3.092783505 4.5000 0.99539178 4.08817528 0.030928 -3.47609869 0.107508207
Gecko gecko 38 0.03800 2.611683849 3.8000 0.84055306 3.45223691 0.026117 -3.64517502 0.095200447
Hemidactylus frenatus 34 0.03400 2.336769759 3.4000 0.75207379 3.08884355 0.023368 -3.75640065 0.087778435
Polypedates leucomystax 65 0.06500 4.467353952 6.5000 1.43778812 5.90514208 0.044674 -3.10837391 0.138862065
Kaloula picta 100 0.10000 6.872852234 20.0000 4.42396346 11.2968157 0.068729 -2.67759099 0.184026872
Oreopryne sp. 15 0.01500 1.030927835 1.5000 0.33179726 1.36272509 0.010309 -4.57471098 0.047161969
Limnonectes magna 60 0.06000 4.12371134 6.0000 1.32718904 5.45090038 0.041237 -3.18841662 0.131481098
Platymantys corrugatus 25 0.02500 1.718213058 3.1250 0.69124429 2.40945735 0.017182 -4.06388535 0.069826209
Hylarana grandoucula 15 0.01500 1.030927835 2.5000 0.55299543 1.58392327 0.010309 -4.57471098 0.047161969
Rhacophorus sp. 10 0.01000 0.687285223 1.0000 0.22119817 0.9084834 0.006873 -4.98017609 0.034228014
Platymantis guentheri 35 0.03500 2.405498282 3.5000 0.77419361 3.17969189 0.024055 -3.72741312 0.089662859
Marinella marinus 50 0.05000 3.436426117 16.6667 3.68663622 7.12306233 0.034364 -3.37073817 0.115832927
Lycodon ferroni 3 0.00300 0.206185567 1.5000 0.33179726 0.53798283 0.002062 -6.18414889 0.012750822
Oxyrhabdium modestum 2 0.00200 0.137457045 0.2500 0.05529954 0.19275659 0.001375 -6.589614 0.009057889
Dendrelaphis caudelinaetus 8 0.00800 0.549828179 2.0000 0.44239635 0.99222452 0.005498 -5.20331964 0.028609318
Ahaetula prasina 6 0.00600 0.412371134 1.2000 0.26543781 0.67780894 0.004124 -5.49100171 0.022643306
Maticora intestinalis 5 0.00500 0.343642612 0.8333 0.18433181 0.52797442 0.003436 -5.67332327 0.019495956
Naja samarensis 6 0.00600 0.412371134 3.0000 0.66359452 1.07596565 0.004124 -5.49100171 0.022643306
Total 849 0.84900 58.35051546 144.5512 31.9744592 90.3249747 0.583505 -155.114832 2.150015461

108
 Appendix Table No.12. Computation of Species Diversity Index for Birds

Relative Shannon Diversity Index

Scientific Name No. of Density Frequency Relative Important
Density
Indi. Frequency Value n/N log n/N (LN) n/Nxlog n/N
Hypsipetes philippinus 159 0.15900 10.92784 6.3600 1.4068204 12.33466 0.109278 -2.213857 0.24192664

Hypsipetes everetti 40 0.04000 2.749141 6.6667 1.4746545 4.223795 0.027491 -3.5938817 0.09880087

Pycnonotus goiavier 100 0.10000 6.872852 11.1111 2.4577575 9.33061 0.068729 -2.677591 0.18402687

Nectarinia jugularis 8 0.00800 0.549828 1.6000 0.3539171 0.903745 0.005498 -5.2033196 0.02860932

Nectarinia esperata 6 0.00600 0.412371 3.0000 0.6635945 1.075966 0.004124 -5.4910017 0.02264331

Spilornis cheela 20 0.02000 1.37457 2.0000 0.4423963 1.816967 0.013746 -4.2870289 0.05892823

Motacilla flava 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.2211982 0.289927 0.000687 -7.2827612 0.00500533

Cacomantis variolus 5 0.00500 0.343643 1.2500 0.2764977 0.62014 0.003436 -5.6733233 0.01949596

Dicaeum bicolor 8 0.00800 0.549828 2.0000 0.4423963 0.992225 0.005498 -5.2033196 0.02860932

Dicaeum australe 6 0.00600 0.412371 1.5000 0.3317973 0.744168 0.004124 -5.4910017 0.02264331

Collocalia troglodytes 50 0.05000 3.436426 5.0000 1.1059909 4.542417 0.034364 -3.3707382 0.11583293

Phapitreron leucotis 15 0.01500 1.030928 1.8750 0.4147466 1.445674 0.010309 -4.574711 0.04716197

Phapiteron amethystina 4 0.00400 0.274914 1.0000 0.2211982 0.496112 0.002749 -5.8964668 0.01621022

Cypsiurus baliensis 50 0.05000 3.436426 50.0000 11.059909 14.49633 0.034364 -3.3707382 0.11583293

Ptilinopus occipitalis 8 0.00800 0.549828 1.3333 0.2949309 0.844759 0.005498 -5.2033196 0.02860932

Mearnsia picina 14 0.01400 0.962199 2.3333 0.5161291 1.478328 0.009622 -4.6437038 0.04468169

Loriculus philippensis 2 0.00200 0.137457 0.5000 0.1105991 0.248056 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789

Centropus viridis 6 0.00600 0.412371 1.2000 0.2654378 0.677809 0.004124 -5.4910017 0.02264331

Harpactes ardens 7 0.00700 0.4811 1.7500 0.3870968 0.868196 0.004811 -5.336851 0.02567557

Aethopyga shelleyi 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.2211982 0.289927 0.000687 -7.2827612 0.00500533
Megalaima
4 0.00400 0.274914 2.0000 0.4423963 0.71731 0.002749 -5.8964668 0.01621022
haemacephala
Hemiprocne comata 3 0.00300 0.206186 1.5000 0.3317973 0.537983 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082

Oriolus chinensis 17 0.01700 1.168385 2.1250 0.4700461 1.638431 0.011684 -4.4495478 0.05198784

Macropyga phasianella 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.4423963 0.579853 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789

Accipiter soloensis 2 0.00200 0.137457 1.0000 0.2211982 0.358655 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789

Treron vernans 5 0.00500 0.343643 2.5000 0.5529954 0.896638 0.003436 -5.6733233 0.01949596

Corocina striata 8 0.00800 0.549828 1.3333 0.2949309 0.844759 0.005498 -5.2033196 0.02860932

Collocalia vanikorensis 50 0.05000 3.436426 50.0000 11.059909 14.49633 0.034364 -3.3707382 0.11583293

Eumyias panayensis 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.4423963 0.579853 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789

Haliastur indus 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.4423963 0.579853 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789

Eurostomus orientalis 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.4423963 0.579853 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905788

Pitta sordida 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.2211982 0.289927 0.000687 -7.2827612 0.00500533

Pitta steerii 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.2211982 0.289927 0.000687 -7.2827612 0.00500533

Chalcopaps indica 2 0.00200 0.137457 1.0000 0.2211982 0.358655 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905788

Lalage nigra 7 0.00700 0.4811 2.3333 0.5161291 0.997229 0.004811 -5.336851 0.02567557

Aplonis panayensis 20 0.02000 1.37457 6.6667 1.4746545 2.849225 0.013746 -4.2870289 0.05892823

Chrysocolaptes lucidus 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.4423963 0.579853 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905788

109
Muscicapa griseisticta 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.4423963 0.579853 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905788

Accipiter trivirgatus 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.2211982 0.289927 0.000687 -7.2827612 0.00500533

Dicaeum trigonostigma 4 0.00400 0.274914 2.0000 0.4423963 0.71731 0.002749 -5.8964668 0.01621022

Bolbopsittacus lunulatus 18 0.01800 1.237113 3.0000 0.6635945 1.900708 0.012371 -4.3923894 0.05433884

Oriolus steerii 6 0.00600 0.412371 1.5000 0.3317973 0.744168 0.004124 -5.4910017 0.02264331

Sarcops calvus 15 0.01500 1.030928 1.6667 0.3686636 1.399591 0.010309 -4.574711 0.04716197

Rhinomyias ruficauda 2 0.00200 0.137457 1.0000 0.2211982 0.358655 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789

Dicaeum pygmaeum 4 0.00400 0.274914 1.3333 0.2949309 0.569845 0.002749 -5.8964668 0.01621022

Rhabdornis innornatus 8 0.00800 0.549828 2.6667 0.5898618 1.13969 0.005498 -5.2033196 0.02860932

Nizaetus philippensis 2 0.00200 0.137457 1.0000 0.2211982 0.358655 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789
Microhierax
3 0.00300 0.206186 1.5000 0.3317973 0.537983 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082
erythrogonys
Orthotomus samarensis 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.4423963 0.579853 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789

Lanius cristatus 2 0.00200 0.137457 1.0000 0.2211982 0.358655 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789

Cuculus fugax 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.2211982 0.289927 0.000687 -7.2827612 0.00500533

Collocalia esculenta 25 0.02500 1.718213 12.5000 2.7649772 4.48319 0.017182 -4.0638854 0.06982621
Micromacronous
3 0.00300 0.206186 1.5000 0.3317973 0.537983 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082
leytensis
Prionochilus olivaceus 3 0.00300 0.206186 1.5000 0.3317973 0.537983 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082
Orthotomus
4 0.00400 0.274914 4.0000 0.8847927 1.159707 0.002749 -5.8964668 0.01621022
castaneiceps
Penelopides panini 3 0.00300 0.206186 1.5000 0.3317973 0.537983 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082

Ptilocichla mindanensis 3 0.00300 0.206186 3.0000 0.6635945 0.86978 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082

Centropus bengalensis 20 0.02000 1.37457 2.0000 0.4423963 1.816967 0.013746 -4.2870289 0.05892823

Dicrurus hottentottus 10 0.01000 0.687285 3.3333 0.7373272 1.424612 0.006873 -4.9801761 0.03422801

Macronous striaticeps 83 0.08300 5.704467 10.3750 2.294931 7.999398 0.057045 -2.8639206 0.16337141

Halcyon winchelli 5 0.00500 0.343643 5.0000 1.1059909 1.449633 0.003436 -5.6733233 0.01949596

Arachnothera clarae 3 0.00300 0.206186 1.5000 0.3317973 0.537983 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082

Centropus melanops 15 0.01500 1.030928 3.7500 0.8294931 1.860421 0.010309 -4.574711 0.04716197

Ficedula basilanica 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.4423963 0.579853 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789

Surniculus lugubris 3 0.00300 0.206186 1.5000 0.3317973 0.537983 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082

Gallus gallus 3 0.00300 0.206186 1.5000 0.3317973 0.537983 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082

Cyornis rufigastra 3 0.00300 0.206186 1.0000 0.2211982 0.427384 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082

Eurylaimus steerii 7 0.00700 0.4811 1.4000 0.3096774 0.790777 0.004811 -5.336851 0.02567557

Dryocopus javensis 3 0.00300 0.206186 1.5000 0.3317973 0.537983 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082

Copsychus saularis 8 0.00800 0.549828 4.0000 0.8847927 1.434621 0.005498 -5.2033196 0.02860932

Motacilla cinerea 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.2211982 0.289927 0.000687 -7.2827612 0.00500533

Eudynamys scolopacea 2 0.00200 0.137457 1.0000 0.2211982 0.358655 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789

Treron pompadoura 10 0.01000 0.687285 5.0000 1.1059909 1.793276 0.006873 -4.9801761 0.03422801

Cacomantis merulinus 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.2211982 0.289927 0.000687 -7.2827612 0.00500533

Sitta frontalis 3 0.00300 0.206186 3.0000 0.6635945 0.86978 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082

Butastur indicus 1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.2211982 0.289927 0.000687 -7.2827612 0.00500533

Lonchura malacca 50 0.05000 3.436426 25.0000 5.5299543 8.96638 0.034364 -3.3707382 0.11583293

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 4 0.00400 0.274914 2.0000 0.4423963 0.71731 0.002749 -5.8964668 0.01621022

Corvus enca 10 0.01000 0.687285 10.0000 2.2119817 2.899267 0.006873 -4.9801761 0.03422801

Anas luzonica 200 0.20000 13.7457 40.0000 8.8479269 22.59363 0.137457 -1.9844438 0.27277578

Ducula anea 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.4423963 0.579853 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789

Halcyon chloris 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.4423963 0.579853 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789
Arachnothera
2 0.00200 0.137457 1.0000 0.2211982 0.358655 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789
longirostra
Halcyon smyrnensis 15 0.01500 1.030928 5.0000 1.1059909 2.136919 0.010309 -4.574711 0.04716197

Merops viridis 50 0.05000 3.436426 10.0000 2.2119817 5.648408 0.034364 -3.3707382 0.11583293

Aethopyga pulcherrima 3 0.00300 0.206186 1.5000 0.3317973 0.537983 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082

Pycnonotus urostictus 7 0.00700 0.4811 2.3333 0.5161291 0.997229 0.004811 -5.336851 0.02567557

Denrocopus maculatus 2 0.00200 0.137457 2.0000 0.4423963 0.579853 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789
Batrachostomus
1 0.00100 0.068729 1.0000 0.2211982 0.289927 0.000687 -7.2827612 0.00500533
septimus
Pachycephala albiventris 3 0.00300 0.206186 1.5000 0.3317973 0.537983 0.002062 -6.1841489 0.01275082
Pachycephala
4 0.00400 0.274914 4.0000 0.8847927 1.159707 0.002749 -5.8964668 0.01621022
philippinensis
Amaurornis olivaceus 2 0.00200 0.137457 1.0000 0.2211982 0.358655 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789

Phapitreron amethystina 2 0.00200 0.137457 1.0000 0.2211982 0.358655 0.001375 -6.589614 0.00905789

Gallicolumba criniger 4 0.00400 0.274914 1.0000 0.2211982 0.496112 0.002749 -5.8964668 0.01621022

Rhabdornis mysticallis 30 0.03000 2.061856 5.0000 1.1059909 3.167847 0.020619 -3.8815638 0.08003224

Rhipidura supercillaris 6 0.00600 0.412371 6.0000 1.327189 1.73956 0.004124 -5.4910017 0.02264331

Galliralus torquatus 7 0.00700 0.4811 1.7500 0.3870968 0.868196 0.004811 -5.336851 0.02567557
1340 1.34000 92.09622 407.5461 90 182.2447 0.920962 -545.05741 3.32925008

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