CWTS REVIEWER
Group- defined as two or more persons engaged in
social interaction.
- This implies that each member of the group is
aware of the other members and their
influence.
According to Psychologist Group- defines to a
collection of individuals who find their association
with one another rewarding.
Group exists only when the individual members
have developed status and role relationships with
respect to one another. And common goals for
them to be considered as a group.
It is only assumed to depend on the participation
and satisfaction of the individuals comprising it.
Group Dynamics- social process by which
individual or people interact in a small group and in
a face-to-face manner.
Dynamics- comes from Greek word DUNAMIS
which means “FORCE”
Group Dynamics- refers to the study of the forces
operating within a group.
FORCES FOUND IN SMALL GROUPS
Two important historical landmarks in
understanding small groups.
1. Elton Mayo and his associates in 1920s and
1930s and
2. Kurt Lewin in 1930s considered as the
founder of the group dynamic movement.
According to Mayo, workers tend to establish
formal groups that affect job satisfaction and
effectiveness.
According to Lewin, shows different kinds of
leadership attributes produce different responses in
group.
Group- is composed individual who have come
together to accomplish a particular task or goal.
- It is not mere collection of individual.
Group Dynamics- refers to the attitudinal and
behavioral characteristics of a group.
Concepts of Social Group
 San Juan and Centeno (2011) present that
“Psychology” man is said to be a rational
being;
 Politically, he is political and power-seeking
being
 Theologically, he is religious, God-seeking
 Sociologically, he is man a gregarious social
being seeking the company of other social
group.
 “No man is an Island” explains that a person
cannot live satisfactorily by himself alone.
Special Properties of Group- are illustrated by a
simple lesson in mathematics as 1+1 =3.
 This is logical error in the world in
mathematics
Group types are classified as formal or informal
in nature.
Formal Work Groups- are established by an
organization to achieve its goals.
Types of Group
1. Primary Group- is characterized by the
intimate face to face association and
cooperation among its members.
 It is fundamentally forming the social nature
and ideas of an individual.
 It involves sympathy and mutual
identification which is a form of natural
expression.
2. Secondary Group- consist of members who
are aware and cognizant of personal
relationship.
Characteristics of a Group (ISGPDM)
1. Interaction is a pattern of mutual influence
(physical, verbal, non-verbal, emotional).
2. Structure is a stable pattern of relationships.
A. Roles deals with the behavior expected
of members in a given position.
B. Norms are the rules that identify and
describe appropriate behavior.
C. Inter-member relations are influenced by
authority and communication
3. Goals are the reason for existence
4. Perceived Groupness is the extent in which
members see themselves as one (common
fate, similarity, proximity.
 5. Dynamic interdependency occurs when the
members are active, energized, vibrant, and
changing.
6. Motivation focuses on personal needs
which- when attained- lead us satisfaction.
Kinds of Formal Group (CTF)
1. Command group- are specified by the
organizational chart and often composed of
a leader,
2. Task group- consist of people who work
together to achieve a common task.
3. Functional groups- created by organization
to accomplish specific goals within a
specific goal.
Kinds of Informal Group (IFR)
1. Interest groups- usually continue over time
and may last longer that general informal
groups.
2. Friendship groups- are formed by
individuals who enjoy similar social
activities, political beliefs and religious
value.
3. Reference group- are composed of people
who are evaluated for social validation and
social comparison.
 Social Validation- allows individuals to
justify their attitudes and value.
 Social comparison- helps individuals
evaluate their own actions by comparing
themselves with others.
6 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (DMCAHT)
1.Dengue- is a febrile disease or transmitted to
humans by the AEDES AEGYPTI mosquitos that
are found in the tropics.
Signs and Symptoms of Dengue
 Break bone fever or bone crusher disease.
 Severe headache and
 Bright red petechiae usually in chest, lower
limbs and cover most of the body.
Prevention of Dengue
 Use mosquito nets
 Put screen on doors and window
 Refrain from going outdoors during the time
of the day when mosquitos are most active.
 Remove stagnant water. Cover water
containers and change water in flower
vases.
2.Malaria- is a vector borne infectious disease that
is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions.
3.Cholera- is an acute intestinal infection caused by
ingestion of food or water contaminated with
bacterium called Vibrio Cholerae.
4.Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)- a viruses found chiefly
in birds, but infections can occur in humans.
5.H1N1- is flu virus that also known as swine flu.
Also called as QUADRUPLE REASSORTANT.
CIRCULATE AMONG PIGS.
6.Typhod Fever- is an acute illness most often
caused by the SALMONELLA TYPHI BACTERIA.
6 NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE (HCHSDC
1.Hypertension or Blood pressure- refers to the
force exerted by the circulating blood on the walls
of blood vessels.
Blood pressure consists of two number
 The symbolic pressure (when the heart
beats)- is the number above the diastolic
pressure.
 The diastolic pressure- (when the heart
relaxes)
 1.Normal Blood Pressure is 120/80
 2.High Blood Pressure is 140/90
 Low Blood Pressure is too low aka
hypotension.
2.Cardiovascular Disease
Atherosclerosis- high blood pressure increases the
risk of coronary artery disease.
Other Cardiovascular Disease
 Smoking
 Diabetes
 Overweight
 Family history
 Lack of exercise
 Age
 Too much drinking (alcoholic)
3.Heart Attack- it causes permanent damages to
the heart muscle due to loss of blood flow to the
heart.
4.Stroke- sudden numbness or weakness of the
face, arm, or leg or one side of the is not moving.
5. Diabetes- a group of metabolic diseases in which
the person has high blood or high sugar (glucose)
Three Types of Diabetes
 The body does not produce insulin also
referred insulin- dependent diabetes,
juvenile diabetes. It usually develop type 1
diabetes before their 40th year.
 The body does not produce enough insulin,
obese have much high risk compare to the
healthy body.
Patient experiences when they have high blood,
such as
 Frequent urination (polyuria)
 Excessive thirst (polydipsia)
 Increased appetite (polyphagia)
Metabolism- refers to the way the body uses
digested food for energy and growth.
Glucose- is a form of sugar in the blood. It principal
source of fuel for the body.
Insulin- is a hormone that is produced by the
pancreas.
6.Cancer- is a class of disease characterized by out
of control cell growth.
Tumor- cancer harms the body when damaged cell
divides uncontrollably to form lumps or masses
tissue.
2. A cancerous cell manages to divide and grow,
making new blood vessels- called angiogenesis.
Metastasized- invading and destroying other
healthy tissues and process itself called
metastasis
Oncologist- Physician and Researcher who
specialize in the study, diagnosis, treatment and
prevention of cancer.
Cancer- is ultimately the result of cells that grow
uncontrollably.
Apoptosis- normal cells in the body follow an
orderly path of growth.
Classification of Cancer
1. Carcinomas- cells that cover internal and
external parts of the body. Breast, lungs, and
colon.
2. Sarcomas- cells that located in the bone,
cartilage, fat.
3. Lymphomas- begin in the lymph nodes and
immune system.
4. Leukemia- begin in bone narrow and often
bloodstream
5. Adenomas- arise in the thyroid, pituitary gland.
Melanoma or Skin cancer- is often marked by a
change in a wart or mole on skin.
Pancreas Cancer- are usually too small to
produce symptoms.
Jaundice- yellowing of the skin and eyes.

 Except for leukemia where cancer prohibits

normal blood function by abnormal cell
division in the bloodstream.
Tumors- can grow and interfere with the digestive,
nervous, and circulatory system and release
hormones that alter body functions. It only stays in
one spot and demonstrate limited growth are
generally considered to be benign.
More dangerous or malignant tumors from
when two things occur.
1. A cancerous cell manages to move throughout
the body using the blood or lymph system-
called Invasion