Math Essentials 9 2nd Edition

Student Resouree

A UTHORS A DVISORS
Steve Etienne Alexis Galvao
B.S c ., B.Ad m i n ., Ed . Cert. D u fferi n-Peel Cathol i c D i strict School Boa rd
District School Boa rd of N i agara
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Toro nto D istrict School Boa rd

LITERACY A DVISOR
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Toronto District School Boa rd

• McGraw-Hill
t:i!fli R yerson

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Acknowledgements
Reviewers
The authors and editors of McGraw-Hi l l Ryerson Math Essentia ls 9 wish to thank the following
educators for their thoughtful comments and creative suggestions about what would work best
in Math Essentials classrooms. Their input has been invaluable in making sure that the text and
its related Teacher's Resource meet the needs of students and teachers in Ontario.

Anne Marie Brady Donna Kwan

District School Board of N iagara Thames Va l ley District School Board
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Thames Va l ley District School Board Greater Essex County District School Board
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Thorold, Ontario York Region District School Board
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Dufferin-Peel Cathol ic District School Board
Mark Henderson
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Math Essentials 9 : Stud ent Resou rce • MH R i i i

Contents

Chapter 1 Money Matters ......................

1
1.1 Where Does It Go? 2

S ki l l s Practice 1 : M o n ey . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1.2 Food for Thought ............................. 6

S ki l l s P ra ctice 2 : Place Va l u e a n d Ro u n d i n g ............ 6

1.3 Shopping on a Budget ......................... 10

1 .4 Making Change ............................... 14

S ki l l s Pra ctice 3 : Retu rn i n g C h a n ge .................. 14

S ki l l s Pra ctice 4 : Perce nt .............................. 1 8

1 .5 Tax Not Included ............................. 19

1 .6 Calculating HST . ............................. 23

1 .7 M y Spend ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

1 .8 Items on Sale ................................ 31

1 .9 Comparing Apples to Apples ..................... 36

Chapter 1 Review ................................

. 42

Task: Stocking Up for School ........................ 44

Chapter 2 Linear Measurement: Metric . . . . . . . . . 45

2. 1 Metric Lengths and References .................. 46

Ski l l s Practice 5 : M u ltiplyi n g a nd Divi d i n g by Powers of Ten ... 46

2.2 Estimating and M easuring Metri c Lengths .......... 50

2.3 Thinking Outside the Box ....................... 54

S ki l l s Pra ctice 6 : Sca l e D i a gra m s ........................ 58

2.4 M onster Trucks! .............................. 60

Chapter 2 Review ................................. 64

Task: School Renovations ........................... 66

iv MHR • M ath Essentia l s 9 : Student Resource

Chapter 3 Linear Measurement: Imperial I I I I I I I 67

3.1 Introduction to Imperial Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

S ki l l s P ractice 7 : Eq u i va l ent Fract i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

3.2 Imperial Lengths and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

S ki l l s P ra ctice 8 : Add i n g I m peria l M ea s u res . . . . . . . . . . I • • • • • 78

S ki l l s Practice 9 : M u lti p lyi n g Im peri a l M ea s u res . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3 . 3 Calculating Perimeter Using Imperial M easures . . . . . . 81

3 . 4 M y Own Room! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Chapter 3 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Task: The Master Bedroom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Chapter 4 Cooking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

4. 1 Measuring Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

S ki l l s Practice 1 0 : Ad d i ng a n d S u btra cti n g Fra cti o n s . . . . . . . . . . 96

4. 2 Cooking for a Crowd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

S ki l l s Pra ctice 1 1 : Writi n g a nd Red u ci n g Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

4 . 3 Snack Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 4

4.4 Shopping For Ingredients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 8

Chapter 4 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2

Task: Working With Recipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 4

Chapter 5 Sports and Leisure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 15

5. 1 Personal Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6

S ki l l s Pra ctice 1 2 : Eq u i va le nt Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6

S ki l l s P ractice 1 3 : Eq u i va l ent Rates a n d Rate Pro b l e m s . . . . . . . . 120

5 . 2 Lining a Soccer Field (A Metric Activity) . . . . . . . . . . . 1 22

5 . 3 Swimming i n an Olympic Size Pool (Metric Measure) . . . 1 26

S ki l l s Pra ctice 1 4: M u lti plyi n g by 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

› . . · . . . 1 30

5.4 Defying Gravity (An Imperial Activity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 2

Skills Practice 1 5 : Converting Between Imperial U nits of Length . . 1 3 3

5.5 Playing Shinny (Imperial M easure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 6

5.6 M oney and Sports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 40

Chapter 5 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 44

Task: Beach Volleyball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 46

Math Esse ntia l s 9 : Student Resou rce • MHR v

Chapter 6 Dining Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 47

6. 1 School Lunches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 48

6.2 Fast Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 2

S ki l l s Practice 1 6 : Esti m ati n g Lo n g S u m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 55

6 . 3 Your Treat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 6

6.4 At the Movies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 60

6.5 Today's Special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 4

S ki l l s Pra ctice 1 7 : Fract i o n s , Deci m a l s, a nd Perce nts . . . . . . 16 4

Chapter 6 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 68

Task: Out for Dinner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 0

Chapter 7 Home Improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

7. 1 About How M any Metres? (or Feet?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 2

7. 2 Measuring Surfaces With Squares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 6

7.3 About How Many Square Centimetres? . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 80

S ki l l s Pra ctice 1 8 : Co n ve rti n g M etric Area U n its. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

7.4 Reg i ons and Rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4

7.5 How M uch Do You Need? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 88

7.6 Area of a Triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

7.7 Work With Triangular Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Chapter 7 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Task: Fix Up a Shed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Chapter 8 Healthy Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

8. 1
Estimating and Measuring Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4

8.2 Choosing Units for M ass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

8.3 How Are Foods Sold? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

8.4 Portion Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

8.5 What You Get in Packaged Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 20

S ki l l s Pra ctice 1 9 : Red uci n g Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

8.6 Comparing Amounts of Nutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 24

Chapter 8 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Task: Planning a Healthy Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

vi MH R • Math Essentia l s 9 : Student Reso u rce

Chapter 9 Boxed In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1

9 . 1 How Many Ways Can You Package It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 2

Ski l l s Pra ctice 20 : D rawi ng 3 -Di mensional Sha pes o n

Isometric G rids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

9 . 2 Volume . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
9 . 3 Boxes, Boxes, Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 40

9.4 Chang ing Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 44

9 .5 Boxes for Charity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 48

Chapter 9 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Task: Shipping Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4

Chapter 10 The World of Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 5

Ski l l s Pra ctice 2 1 : Ti m e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

10. 1 Babysi tting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 8

10. 2 A Week's Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 2

Ski l l s P ra ctice 2 2 : Add i n g W h o l e N u m bers a n d Fractions . . . 262

10. 3 M oving On Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

10.4 Where Does It Go? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Chapter 10 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 4

Task: Where Does Your Money Go? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Math Essenti a ls 9 : Stu dent Resou rce • MH R v i i

 N a me

1 Money Matters

1 . Exa m i n e th e ca rtoo n . Is the tota l of $ 3 . 1 5 rea so n a b l e for the school

s u p p l i es o n the co u nte r? Exp l a i n .

2. What oth e r school s u p p l i es m i g ht a stu d e nt i n g ra d e 9 buy? For each

new ite m , est i mate the cost .

Cha pter 1 Money Matters • MH R 1

 Name

Where Does It Go?

1 . Use p i ctu res o r wo rd s to 2. Name 3 d iffere nt p la ces w h e re

expl a i n o n e way yo u ca n u se you u se money.
co i n s to tota l o n e d o l l a r.

3 . An ite m costs 45 ¢. C i rcle the co i n s that yo u wo u l d g ive the ca s h i e r.

4. If yo u h ave the fo l l owi n g co i ns i n yo u r pocket, h ow m u ch m o ney d o

yo u have?

Skills Practice 1: Money

1. This amount of money can be
written as 25¢ or $0.25.
Write each of the following amounts
of money in 2 ways.

a) ¢or$

b) ¢or$

c) ¢or$

2 MH R • Ch a pter 1 Money Matters

 Name

2. Write each of the following amounts of money in 2 ways.

a)

b)

c)

3. Circle the correct money value for each of the following calculator
displays.

a) 16-5 $16.50 $16.05

Tech Tip
b) o.s $0.05 $0.50 O n ca l cu l ators,

15-
computers,
c) $1.50 $15.00 a uto mated tel ler
machines (ATMs), a n d
4. Add. ca sh registe rs, yo u
ofte n have to e nter
a) $1.00 b) $1.50 money va l u es.
+ $2.00 + $3.50 To enter $12.50 on
yo u r ca lcu l ato r, press
©12050
c) $2.25 d) $0.20 P ress G.

+ $1.30 $1.10
+ $1.45
How does you r

ca lcu lator display the

va l u e 12.50?

5. Subtract.

a) $7.00 b) $2.50
- $4.00 $1.00

c) $5.65 d) $8.75
- $3.20 - $0.52

1 . 1 Where Does It Go ? • MHR 3

 N a me

Spend ing M oney

• People spen d money every d ay.
• What do you spe nd mo n ey on?
• What do oth er people buy for you?

1 . L ist 6 th i n g s yo u spend m oney on d u ri n g the week.

Esti m ate h ow m u ch yo u spend o n each ite m each wee k .

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

2. List 6 th i n g s that oth er peo p l e buy fo r yo u d u ri n g the

week .

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

4 MH R • Cha pter 1 M o ney Matters

 Name

3 . Use the spend i n g jou rn a l be l ow to g et a bette r sense of

w h e re yo u a re spend i n g yo u r money.

• Li st the items yo u buy th i s week i n the ta b l e .

• Yo u m a y w i sh t o i nc l u d e items that oth e r peo p l e buy
fo r yo u .
• Fo r each day, d raw a l i n e across the ta b l e below the
I cou l d u se a
l a st item you l i st. Th i s wi l l s h ow w h e re one day e n d s
s p readsheet to set
a n d the next d a y beg i n s. u p my spend i ng
jou rn a l .

Cheek Your Understandin

Li st 3 rea so ns fo r tracki ng yo u r spend i n g .

1.
2.
3.

1 . 1 W h e re Does I t Go? • MHR 5

 Name

Food for Thougttt

Focus : rou nd i ng m oney va l u es

1 . There a re 4 q uarters i n 1 dol la r. 2. a) Write the va l u e of th e

m o ney s h own i n cents a n d
a) S h a d e _! of a d o l l a r.
i n d o l l a rs .
2

¢ $
b) How m a ny cents a re i n 1 b) If you use a ca lculator, what
2 wi l l the d isplay show?
of a d o l l a r?

3 . You buy items that cost $ 3 . 2 5 , 4. Co u nt by 5 0 ¢. U se d o l l a r

$0. 28, and $2. 1 5 . What is n otati o n .
t h e tota l cost o f these items
$ 0 . 00 , 1 $ 1 . 00 ,
before tax?
$ 1 . 5 0 , $ 2 . 00,
$3. 50,
1 $ 5 . 00 ,

Skills Practice 2: Place Value and Rounding

• number depends
The value of a digit in a
its place in the number.
(/)
(/) ..c
on ..c ...

The table shows the place value of

(/) ... "'0
"'0 "'0 c:
• Q) nJ
Q) (/) L..
L..
the digits in the number 123.456.
..c (/)
"'0 (/) "'0 :::J
(/) ...
c: Q) c:
c: c: 0
:::J c: :::J ..c
Q) Q)
..c ... 0 ... ..c ...

1 2 3 . 4 5 6

1. Circle the name of the place value of the underlined digit in each number.
a) 2.5. tens ones tenths
b) 1 5 hundreds tens ones

c) 12.6.5. tens tenths hundredths

d) 6. 0 tens tenths hundredths

e) 0 . .5.9 hundreds ones tenths

f) 3.2 8 tenths hundredths thousandths

6 MHR • Cha pter 1 M on ey Matters

 Name

• To round a number, look at the digit to the right of the

place value to which you are rounding.
• If the digit is 5 or more, rou nd up.
• If the digit is less than 5, round down. Round up
Add 1 to the
116 the nearest ten is 150.
n u m ber in the place
va l ue to which you
a re rou n d i ng .
This is the ·
Since 6 is greater than 5, round the
tens· place.
M a ke the d ig its to
4 up to 5.
the right of it 0 .

45.r the nearest tenth is 45.20.

Round down
Do not cha nge the
n u m ber in the place
This is the Since 3 is less than 5, the 2 stay s the val ue to which you
tenths place. same. a re roun d i n g .
M a ke the d i g its to
2. Underline the tens digit. Round to the nearest ten. the rig ht of it 0 .

a) 36 b) 162 c) 105 . ...... .... ... . . . .

3. Underline the hundreds digit. Round to the nearest hundred.

a) 732 b) 675 c) 1825 ··· ·· ····· ····· · · · · ·· · ·· · ·· ·· · · ······ ···· ·········· ··· ·· ·· ··

4. Underline the tenths digit Round to the nearest tentn. .

a) 0.37 b) 74.55 C:J 15.23

s. Underline the hundredths digit. Round to the nearest hundredth .

a) 1.212 ... ..... . .. . . . . . . . . b) 3.427 . . ..... .. . . .

. . . . . . . .... c)
. ... . . . ... . ..
. . . .
0.351

-
• With money, you often round to the nearest dollar.
• If the number of cents is 50¢ or more, round up.

'\
....-. ---,...--'---''""''""''-'-,.._,-....,__

//

$0.00 $0.50 $1.00

• If thenumber of cents is less than 50¢, round down.

$7.35 rounded to the nearest dollar is $7.00.
$24.86 rounded to the nearest dollar is $25.00.

6. Round to the nearest dollar.

a) $5.48 b) $2.97 c) $0.85

d) $9.99 e) $1.29 ... ..... . . . . .. . . ..... . ..

f) $14.98
. ... . .. . .. . . . . . ..

1 . 2 Food for Tho u g ht • MHR 7

 N a me

Round ing Prices

• M e lissa is pickin g up a few groceries on h er way home.
• As she puts items into h er shopping cart, she ro u nd s the
prices to the nearest d o l l ar.
• Why mig ht M elissa d o this?

Rem e m be r to

record a ny p u rchases

you m a ke today i n

yo u r spend i ng

jou rnal on page 5 .

1 . Th e ta b l e l ists the ite m s M e l i ssa p u ts i nto h e r basket .

Rou n d each p ri ce to the nea rest d o l la r.

a) Ca n n ed peach es $1 .97

b) Frozen dinner $3.97

c) Ba g of o ra n g es $ 2 . 49

d) Broccoli $0.79

e) Ju ice boxes $ 1 . 19

f) Orange juice $2.99

2. M e l issa d iscove rs that s h e h a s o n ly $ 1 0 with h e r. Ci rcle

a g ro u p of ite m s i n the ta ble that s h e ca n a fford to b u y.

3 . Yo u a re g iven $40 to b u y so me g roce ries . As yo u put

ite m s i nto the ca rt, how wi l l you deci d e h ow many you
ca n b u y?

8 MHR • Cha pter 1 M o n ey Matters

 Name

4. Some peo p l e estimate h ow m uch they spend by fi rst

rou nd i ng pri ces to the nea rest d o l l a r. C i rcle 1 0 foods i n a
g rocery flyer. Write each food a n d its p rice i n the ta b l e .
Rou nd each price t o the nea rest d o l l a r.

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

g)

h)

i)

j)

5. S u p pose you put the items from # 4 i nto you r cart i n the
order that you selected them .

a) D raw a l i ne across the ta b l e w h e n you h ave

spent a bout $ 1 0 .

b) D ra w a n oth e r l i ne across the ta b l e w h e n you h ave

s pent a bout $ 1 5 .

l!4 Cheek Your Undersfandin

Exp l a i n h ow to ro u nd to the nea rest d o l l a r.

1 . 2 . Food for Thoug ht • MHR 9

 Name

Shoppin on a Bud et
Focus : rou n d i ng m o n ey va l ues, esti mati ng , bu dget i n g

1. Co u nt by 50 ¢ up to $ 4. 0 0 . U se 2 . You pu rchase t h e fol lowi ng ite m s .

d o l l a r n otatio n . Rou n d each a mo u nt t o the
nea rest dol l a r. Esti mate the tota l .
$ 0 . 50,
Ice crea m $ 3 . 97

C racke rs $ 1 . 47
1 $ 4. 00
Ju i ce $ 2 . 29

Total

3. a) Shade in of the $20 b i l l 4. Write th e a mo u nt of m o n ey

show n . s h own i n cents a n d i n d o l l a r
n otatio n .

$20

1
b) H ow m u ch is of $ 2 0 ?
4

Rounding and Estimating Prices

• You g o to the g rocery sto re to pick up the things on yo u r
g roce ry list .
• You have a b u d g et of $15 .

W hat is a GroceryL·
budget? 1St
6r

tJrtlltA .
'J jtfice
.ft)
ctJoh:e.,

10 MHR • Cha pter 1 M on ey Matters

 Name

1. Fi n d each item fro m the g rocery l i st in a g rocery sto re

flyer. Write its pri ce i n the ta b l e i n # 2 .

2 . Ro u n d each p rice to the nea rest d o l l a r a nd kee p a

ru n n i n g tota l .

Total

3 . D i d you spend more th a n $ 1 5 ?

YES NO

4. a) W h y is it h e l pfu l t o keep a ru n n i ng tota l w h e n

s h op p i n g on a b u d g et?

b) When e l se m i g ht you wa nt to keep a ru n n i n g tota l of

a mo u nts?

W hy?

5. How ca n com pa ri ng prices h e l p you when shopping on a

budget?

1 . 3 S h o p p i n g on a Budget • MHR 1 1
 Name

6. Yo u have $ 40 t o spend at the g rocery sto re . I n the

ta b l e , l i st items that yo u r fa m i ly often b u ys . Co m p l ete
th e ta b l e . Try to spend as m uch of the $ 40 as yo u ca n .

12 MHR • C h a pter 1 M o n ey Matte rs

 N a me

7.
Look th ro u g h seve ra l d ifferent g rocery flyers .
a) What items seem to be the most expensive? Why d o
yo u th i nk t h i s i s so?

b) What items seem to be the l east expen sive? Why d o

yo u th i nk t h i s i s so?

c) Pick one item that i s l i sted in more th a n one flyer.

Com pa re the pri ces for t h i s ite m . W h ich sto re i s l ess
expensive and by h ow m u c h ?

d) I s t h i s store l ess expensive fo r oth e r items t h a t a re

l i sted i n more t h a n one flye r? G i ve so m e exa m p les
to su pport yo u r a n swe r.

Cheek Your Undersfandin

Expl a i n h ow to keep a n a p p roxi mate ru n n i n g tota l .

1 . 3 S h o p p i n g o n a Budget • MHR 13
 Name

Makin Chan e
Focus : esti mating and ca lcul ating change

1 . Use p i ctu res or word s to 2. Co u nt by 5 ¢ to com pl ete the

descri be a co m b i nation of pattern .
co i n s yo u cou l d u se to m ake
$3 . 8 5 ?

3 0 ¢, 3 5 ¢, 40 ¢,

3 . S u btract . 4. M i c h e l l e spends $ 2 5 . 49 o n
g roce ries. Rou n d h e r g roce ry
a) 1 . 45 b) 13.25 b i l l to the nearest d o l l a r.
- 1 . 40 - 10 . 05

Skills Practice 3: Returning Change

When cashiers return cha nge to custome rs, they often start at the amount
of the bill. They count upward to co n ve nie n t amounts until they reach the
amount given by the customer. As they count, they give the customer the
required coins.
1. Suppose the amount of your bill is $2.20. You give the cashi er $5.00.
The cashier might return your change like this:

cfF $2.2§)
-------- -------
bi l l i s
1 n i cke l $2 . 25
3 quarters $3.00
1 too n i e $5 .00

How might the cashier return the cha n g e if he ran out of quarters?

14 M H R • Cha pter 1 M oney Matters

 Name

2. The amount of your bill is $3.10. You give the cashier $5.00. Complete
the table to show how the cashier might return the change.

------- - --- ---- t/

cfh e b i l l i s $3 . io)
--

- -- ------ - --- ------ --

--
1 n icke l

di mes

$5.00

3. Work with a classmate to practise counting out the change for each bill.

a) $ 1 . 26 $ 2 . 00
b) $3.56 $5.00
c) $ 5 . 20 $ 1 0 . 00
d) $0.77 $1.00

Estimating and Calculating Change

• Part of your grocery bil l is shown to
Record any
the rig ht .
purcha ses you
make today in your
• Yo u give the cashier two $20 bil l s. spend ing journa l
on page 5 .

1 . a) Rou n d the tota l to the n ea rest d o l l a r.

b) Esti m ate h ow m u ch c h a n g e y o u sho u l d g et ba ck .

c) H ow d i d you determ i ne yo u r est i m ate?

1 . 4 Making Change • MHR 15

 Name

2. Esti m ate the a mo u nt of c h a n g e you wo u l d g et back for

each of these p u rchases .

a) $6 . 9 1 $ 1 0 . 00

b) $13.49 $20.00
c) $ 3 2 . 3 4 $ 40 . 00

d) $12.30 $14.00
e) $ 2 2 . 5 4 $ 2 5 . 00

3 . The chart shows severa l items from a g roce ry store flyer.

Frozen orange juice $0.88 Crackers $1.87
12-pack of water $2.88 Pita bread $1.77
Pasta sauce $2.97 Lettuce $0.75
Soup $1.47 Celery $1.75
Ketchup $2.97 Bag of apples $3.97
Cheese $4.44 Laundry detergent $14.97

a) Joh n buys some of the orange juice $0.88

a bove items. Com pl ete
water
Joh n 's recei pt.
ketchup
b) Rou nd the cost of each
laundry detergent
item to the n ea rest d o l l a r.
Write th ese a mo u nts o n
the rece i pt .

c) Ca lcu l ate the tota l of the ro u n d ed va l u es.

d) If Joh n g ives the cash ier $ 3 0 , esti mate the a mo u nt of

c h a n g e he s h o u l d g et back.

e) Ca l c u l ate the actu a l a mo u nt of cha n g e h e w i l l g et.

16 MHR • Cha pter 1 M oney Matters

 Name

4. Yo u have the fo l l owi ng coi ns i n you r pocket.

Fo r each p u rchase s hown in the ta b l e :

• List the co i n s you g ive the ca s h i e r.
• Ca lcu l ate what you r coi ns a d d u p to .
• Dete rm i n e how m uch c h a n g e you g et.

1 l oo n i e ,
a) Ju i ce $ 1 . 1 5 $ 1 . 20 $0.05 or 5 ¢
2 d i mes

b) Crackers $2.50

c) Bread $ 1 . 9 5

d)

e)

5. Fro m a g rocery sto re flyer, choose 2 m o re ite m s to

p u rchase . Ad d th e m to the ta b l e a n d com pl ete the
ta b l e .

Cheek Your Undersfandin

Someti mes yo u l ose track of h ow m uch you a re spen d i ng .

Th e n , you h ave to d ecid e what ite m s to retu rn .

Fo r exa m p l e , the tota l a mo u nt of you r b i l l i s $ 2 2 . 1 9 . You

o n ly h ave $ 2 0 . 0 0 .

1 . C i rcle the p ri ce of the item yo u wou l d retu rn .

$ 1 . 29 $ 2 . 29 $ 1 . 20

2. H ow m uch c h a n g e wou l d yo u g et back n ow?

1 . 4 M aking Cha ng e • MHR 17

 Name

Skills Practice 4: Percent

• Percent "out of 100."
means
• 75°/o means "75 out of 100" or 75 .
100
1. Each grid contains 100 squares.
Shade in the number of squares that represent each percent.

a) 10°/o b) 5°/o

c) l%

2.
111111111111111111111
Write eac h percent a s a fraction out of 100 .

a) 50°/o = --- b) 62°/o = ---

100 100

• To change a percent to a decimal, divide by 100.

45°/o = 45 7 100
= 0.45

3. Change each percent to a decimal.

a) 35°/o b) 16°/o c) 80°/o

4. Complete the table to practise converting between percents,
decimals, and fractions.

30
a) 30°/o
100
b) 75°/o

c) 0 . 40

18
d)
10

18 M H R • Cha pte r 1 M oney M atters

 N a m e · · · · · ····· · · · · ······ · ·· ···· · · · ·

1.5 Tax Not Ineluded

Focus : ca l culati n g perce nt, esti mati ng tax

1 . C a lcu late . 2. Descri be a q u i ck way to fi n d

1 0 °/o o f a n u m ber.
a) 1 0 °/o o f 6 5 =

b) 1 0°/o of 3 2 =

c) 1 0°/o of 1 40 =

3 . a) How m a ny te n n i s ba l l s 4. Eva l uate .

a re shown?
1
a) - of 2 4=
2
1
b) - of 18 =

2
1
c) - of 60 =

· 2

b) You g ive h a l f o f thes e t o a 1

fri e n d . How m a ny does d) - of 13 =

2
you r fri e n d g et? 1
e) - of 1 0 . 50 =

Estimating Tax What d oes

M ost items that yo u p u rch ase a re taxable.
•
taxable mea n ?

• I n some sit u atio n s, you m a y n e e d to

estimate t h e tax before you pay.

1 . a) Decid e wheth e r each of the ite m s be l ow s h o u l d be

taxa b l e o r n ot taxa b l e . C i rcle you r a nswer.
B read taxa b l e n o t taxa b l e
Skate boa rd taxa b l e n ot taxa b l e
M i lk taxa b l e n ot taxa b l e

Fa st food ta xa ble n ot taxa ble

b) Write yo u r rea sons fo r the choices you m a d e .

1 . 5 Tax N ot Included • MH R 1 9
 Name

2. I n Onta rio, yo u pay H ST on most items you p u rchase .

a) H ST sta n d s fo r
b) The cu rrent H ST rate is 0/o .

c) Shade i n th is a m o u nt of the h u n d reds c h a rt.

3 . a) Th e H ST o n $ 1 i s
b) Th e H ST o n $ 2 i s
c) Th e H ST o n $ 3 is

4. a) T h e H ST o n $ 1 0 i s
b) Th e H ST o n $ 2 0 i s
c) Th e H ST o n $30 is

5 . a) The H ST o n $ 1 00 i s
b) The H ST o n $ 20 0 is
c) The H ST o n $300 is

• You want to b uy a shirt that costs $12 . 99. You have $15.00.

6. How m i g ht you esti m ate the H ST on $ 1 2 . 99 ?

7. W i l l you have e n ou g h m o ney t o p a y for the shirt o n ce

H ST i s added?

YES NO

S h ow h ow you know.

2 0 MH R • Cha pte r 1 Mo ney Matters

 Name

Two methods for estimating HST follow:

S u p pose a n ite m costs $ 48 . 99 .

Method 1: Add 1 0°1o a n d 5 °1o

STEP 1: Rou nd the price to a conven ient a mo u nt . $ 50 . 00

STEP 2: Dete rm i n e 1 0 °1o of the ro u n d ed pri ce . $ 5 . 00

STEP 3: Dete rm i n e 5 °1o of the rou nded p ri ce by

fi n d i ng of the a mo u nt i n ste p 2 .
of $ 5 = $ 2 . 50 $ 2 . 50

STEP 4: Esti mate the H ST by a d d i n g you r a nswers

fro m ste p 2 a n d ste p 3 .
$ 5 . 00 + $ 2 . 5 0 $7. 50
= $ 7. 50

Method 2: Add 1 0°lo a nd 1 °los

STEP 1: Rou n d t h e price t o a n easy a mo u nt. $ 5 0 . 00

STEP 2: Determ i ne 1 0 °1o of the rou nded p ri ce . $ 5 . 00

STEP 3: Dete rm i n e 1 °lo of the rou nd ed pri ce .

1 °lo o f $ 5 0 $0 . 50
= $ 0 . 50

STEP 4: Ad d t h e a m o u nt fro m Ste p 2 a n d t h e

req u i red a mo u nts fro m Step 3 t o fi nd
the H ST.
If the H ST rate i s 1 3 °lo , you n eed 3 x 1 °lo of
the p ri ce .
$ 5 . 00 + $ 0 . 50 + $ 0 . 50 + $ 0 . 50 $6 . 50 $ 6 . 50
=

8. a) Use M ethod 1 to esti mate the H ST o n the s h i rt i n # 6 .

b) U se M ethod 2 to esti mate t h e H ST on t h e s h i rt i n # 6 .

c) W h i c h m ethod d o yo u p refe r?

1 . 5 Tax N ot I n c l u ded • MH R 2 1
 Name

9. Esti m ate the H ST yo u wo u l d pay fo r each item l i sted

below.

a) Head p h o nes $ 39 . 1 5

b) T-shirt $8.99

c) S h oes $39 . 79

d) Video game $79. 25

10. C h oose 5 items fro m a flyer. Est i mate the H ST you

wou l d pay fo r each ite m .

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

l'J Cheek Your Understanding

Expl a i n h ow to esti mate the H ST on a n item p ri ced at $ 1 1 9 .

2 2 MH R • C h a pter 1 Money Matters

 Name

1.6 Caleulatin HST

Focu s : ca lcu l ati ng percent, ca lcu l ati n g tax

1 . Write each percent a s a 2. I n math , the wo rd "of" mea n s

d eci ma l .

a) 3 5 °1o =
Ca lcu late .
b) 1 5 °1o =
a) 1 0°1o of 1 8 . 00 = .
.. . . .. . .. . . . .. .. . . .. .

c) 8°lo =
b) 3 0 °1o of $ 2 5 . 00 =

d) 7°lo =
c) 5 0°1o of $ 1 3 . 00 =

3. 4. Est i m ate 1 5 °1o of $ 28 . 99 by

·
··· ·
·· .. ·.·.····
.. ·
fo l l owi n g the steps :

a) Rou n d $ 28 . 99 to the
n ea rest d o l l a r.

a) How m a ny sq u a res a re
s h a d ed o n the h u n d reds
b) Fi n d 1 0°lo of the ro u nded
cha rt shown?
a m o u nt .

c) Fi n d 5 °1o o f th e rou nd ed
b) What percent of the ch a rt
is shaded? a m o u nt .

d) Ad d b ) a nd c) .

c) What fra ction of the cha rt

is shaded?

5 . Esti mate 1 5 °1o o f e a c h a mo u nt. 6. Eva l uate .

a) $63 . 99 a) $6 . 8 4 b) $ 4. 20
+ $ 1 . 03 + $ 0 . 63

b) $ 7 5 . 40
c) $ 3 2 . 40 d) $ 48 . 99
+ $ 4. 86 - $ 7. 3 5

1 . 6 Ca lculati n g H ST • MH R 2 3
 Name

Estimating and Calculating HST

• You have $30 to spe nd at the store. Record a ny

p u rchases you

1 . Yo u know you ca n n ot buy a nyth i n g that costs m a ke today in yo u r

$ 3 0 . 00 beca use of the tax that w i l l be a d d ed spe n d i n g jou rn a l

o n page 5 .

to the p ri ce . Ci rcle 5 ite m s l i sted bel ow that

yo u th i nk you co u l d afford to buy.

DVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2 6 . 20 Sweatsh i rt . . . . . . $ 2 7 . 99

We bca m . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . $2 4. 00 T-s h i rt . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2 3 . 1 0

C D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2 5 . 20 Jea ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . $29 . 8 5

Vi d eo g a me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $28 . 50 Ja cket . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2 7 . 1 0

2. I n the fol l owi n g ta b l e , reco rd each item you ci rcled .

Esti mate the a m o u nt of H ST fo r each ite m .

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

3 . W h ich i s the most expensive ite m you co u l d affo rd to buy, based o n

yo u r esti mates?

24 MH R • Cha pter 1 Mo ney Matters

 Name

• I n Ontario, t o determine the total

cost o f an item, y o u need
to add the HST to the pri ce .

Example
A T- s h i rt costs $ 1 2 . 99 .

Ca lcu l ate the H ST yo u wou l d pay. Th e n , ca l c u l ate th e tota l

cost.

Solution
Assu m i n g the H ST rate i s 1 3 °/o , ca l c u l ate the tax u s i n g o n e

o f the fo l l ow i n g expressi o n s

- 1 2 . 99 X 0. 13

- 1 2 . 99 X 13 + 100

- 1 2 . 99 X 1 3 °/o

Yo u r ca lcu l ato r s h o u l d d is p l ay 1 . 688 7. Rou n d the H ST to

$ 1 . 69 .

The tota l cost of the T-sh i rt i s $ 1 2 . 99 + $ 1 . 69 = $ 1 4. 68 .

4. List the ite m s you ch ose i n # 1 i n the ta b l e below.

• Ca lcu l ate the a mo u nt of tax o n each ite m .
• Ca lcu l ate the tota l pri ce of the ite m .
• I s the pri ce of the ite m l ess t h a n $ 3 0 o r g reate r t h a n
$30?

a) UNDER OVE R

b) UNDER OVER

c) UNDER OVE R

d) UNDER OVER

e) UNDER OVE R

1 . 6 Ca lcu lati n g HST • MHR 2 5

 Name

• Y o u have $50 . 00 cash t o spend.

5. a) Yo u d ecide to b u y 2 T-sh i rts, each for $ 1 2 . 89 .

Ca lcu l ate the tota l p ri ce, i nc l u d i ng tax .

b) I f you g ive the ca s h i e r $ 5 0 . 00 , h ow m u ch c h a n g e

s h o u l d yo u receive?

c) D ra w th e co i n s a n d b i l ls you m i g ht receive .

Cheek Your Undersfandin

Go back to # 9 o n page 2 2 . Check you r esti mates i n the
ta b l e by ca lcu l a ti n g the tax .

c)

d)

W h ich esti mate i s cl osest? W hy?

26 MH R • Cha pter 1 Mon ey Matters

 Name

1. 7 My Spending
Focus : b u d g eti ng a n d person a l spe n d i ng

1. Write down the seq u e n ce of 2. S h ow h ow yo u ca n m a ke

keys you wo u l d u se o n you r $ 1 . 1 5 u s i n g exa ctly 8 coi n s .
ca lcu l ato r to fi nd 2 0°/o of 4 5 .

3 . Write each fraction a s a 4. M a l a g ets a n a l l owa n ce o f $40

perce nt. each m onth . S h e spe n d s $ 1 5
of i t eati n g out. W h at fra ctio n
4 o f h e r a l l owa n ce d oes s h e
a)
20
spend eati ng o ut? What
b) 12 percent i s t h i s ?
50
22
c)
25

Tracking Your Spending

• Aaron kept track of h i s spen ding for one week .
• He recorded th ese resu lts.

Amount
$ 2 . 26 $2. 65 $ 5 . 20 $ 0 . 00 $ 6 . 54 $ 3 . 45 $ 2 2 . 5 6
Spent

1. H ow m u ch d i d Aa ro n spend i n tota l d u ri n g t h e wee k?

2. Does Aa ron seem to spend m o re on weekdays

( M onday to Fri d ay) o r o n wee ke n d s (Satu rday a nd
S u n d ay ) ?

3 . On w h at day d i d Aa ron s p e n d the most m o n ey?

1 . 7 My S pe n d i n g • MH R 2 7
 Name

4. Aa ro n o rg a n ized h i s p u rc h a ses i nto cate g o ri e s to h e l p

see w h e re h e was spend i n g h i s m o n ey.

S n acks $5.95

Dining out (lunches/din n e rs) $13.19

E nte rta i n ment
$ 1 1 . 57
( movies, video re nta ls, etc . )

Clothing $9.99

M isce l l a neous $ 1 . 96

Total

a) Write the tota l i n the ta b l e .

Aaron's Spending
Miscellaneous k
nac s
5
7olc0

b) I n w h ich categ o ry d oes Aa ro n

spend the most m o n ey? 13°/o

Cloth in
22°/o
Dining out I
(lunches/dinners)
c) D i d yo u rea d th i s i nfo rm ation 30°/o
from the ta ble o r the g ra p h ?

Entertainment
(movies, video rentals, etc.)
d) What d oes t h e word 28°/o
miscellaneous m ea n ?

e) Why d o yo u th i n k Aa ro n i ncl u ded m isce l l a neous a s a catego ry?

28 MHR • C h a pter 1 Money Matters

 N a m e . .......... . . . . . . . .
.

• At this poi nt, you s h o u l d h ave one week's worth of spe n d i n g

record ed i n your perso n a l spe n ding jo ur n a l on pa g e 5 .

5. Loo k a t yo u r spen d i n g b y day.

a) Co m p l ete the ch a rt by record i ng the tota l a mo u nt of

m o ney you spent each d ay.

b) On w h at d ay d id you spend th e m ost m o n ey?

Exp l a i n why.

c) Do you th i n k t h i s was a typ i ca l wee k of spen d i n g

for you ?

YES NO

d) Did you spend m o re o r l ess tha n you n o rm a l ly

wou l d ?

M ORE LESS

Exp l a i n w hy.

1. 7 My Spen d i ng • MH R 29
 Name

6. Loo k at the types of th i n g s you spend m o n ey o n .

Try to g ro u p you r p u rc h a ses i nto d ifferent categori e s .

Total

a) If you conti n u e to spend m o n ey the sa m e way a l l

yea r, h ow m u ch wi l l you have spent? D oes th i s tota l
s u rprise you ?

b) What cou ld you have boug ht i f you h a d saved $ 1 0 per

week for one yea r?

Cheek Your Undersfandin

1!4
Is there a nyth i n g yo u th i n k yo u s h o u l d c h a n g e a bout yo u r
perso n a l spend i ng h a b its?

YES NO

Exp l a i n why o r why n ot .

3 0 MH R • Cha pter 1 Money Matters

 Name

1.8 Items on Sale

Focus : d eterm i n i ng d iscou nts a n d percents

1. W h e n ca l c u l ati n g tax on a n 2. Yo u d ri n k _!_ of a ca n of j u i ce .

4
ite m , yo u r ca lcu l ato r rea d s
S h a d e the a m o u nt of j u i ce that
th e fol l owi n g a m o u nts .
i s l eft in the ca n .
Ro u nd each a m o u n t to
2 d eci m a l p l aces .

a) 3 . 2 2 0 5
b) 2 . 1 3 5 7
c) 99 . 4 1 74
d) 2 2 5 . 9887

3. Fi n d 1 0 °/o of each a mo u n t . 4. Ro u n d each a mo u nt to the

nea rest d o l l a r.
a) $ 2 5 . 00
a) $ 1 2 . 59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .

b) $68 . 0 0
b) $ 6 5 . 23
c) $ 5 2 . 60
c) $ 2 2 . 67 .. ... .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... ... .. .. ... .. ..

Calculating Discounts
• I n a cloth i n g store, you see a

s i g n that rea d s 25°/o off.

1.
What i s a
discount?
a) S h a d e i n 2 5 °/o of t h i s g ri d of 1 0 0 sq u a res.

b) What i s 2 5 °/o a s a fra ctio n ?

H o w co u l d yo u w rite t h e d isco u nt a s a fraction ?

1 . 8 Items o n Sale • MH R 3 1
 Name

2. The sale price of an item i s the

o ri g i n a l p ri ce - d isco u nt .

a) I f a coat costs $ 1 0 0 , h ow m uch i s t h e d iscount?

H ow d o you fi nd 2 5 °/o of $ 1 0 0 =

the sale price

of a n ite m ?
b) Ca l culate the sa l e p ri ce of the coat.
S a l e Price = Ori g i n a l Price - D iscount

= $ 1 00 - ... . . .... ... ......... .. ... .. .. ... ..................... ... ......... ...

• Yo u h ave $ 2 0 cash w ith yo u.

• Ca n you afford the sh i rt?

3. The o ri g i n a l p rice of the shirt i s $2 5 . 99. Ca l culate the

sa l e p ri ce .

a ) Ca l cu late the a mo u nt o f the d i scount.

D iscount = 2 5 °/o of $2 5 . 99

b) Ca lcu l ate the sa l e p ri ce of the s h irt.

S a l e Price = Ori g i n a l P ri ce - D isco u nt

= $2 5 . 99 - .. ..
.. .. ... . ........ .. ........... ...... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ... ..... ..

c) Ca l cu l ate the H ST.

... ....... . . .. . ........ . ... . .. ... .. ... ............ ..... X ......... ..... ...... ...... ............ ............ ... . .. ... ..... .... .........
o/o = .
... .. .. ...... . ............. ......... .. .. ... ......... ........ , . ...... ..

d) Ca lcu l ate the tota l cost of the s h i rt i nclud i ng tax .

e) Ca n you a fford the sh irt?

YES NO

32 MH R • Chapter 1 Money Matters

 N a m e ... .. . . ... . ... . ... . .... .

4. Another sh i rt has a n ori g i n a l price of $24 . 00 .

It is I abel l ed 20°/o off.

a) Shade 20°/o of the g ri d .

111111111111111111111
b) What percent is u nshaded ? . . . . . . . . ........ .. .. .... . .. ........ ............ ...... ..... .. .........

Shade this percent of the g rid below.

111111111111111111111
• Th i s represents the sale pri ce of the s h i rt.

c) Ca l cu l ate 80°/o of $24 . 00 .

d) Ca lcu l ate t h e H ST.

e) W h at is the tota l pri ce of the sh i rt?

f) Ca n you a fford t h is sh i rt w ith you r $20.00?

YES NO

1.8 Ite m s on S a l e • MHR 33

 N a me

5. C h oose 6 i te m s fro m a fl ye r. P ra ctise you r s ki l ls i n

ca lcu lati ng d iscou nts by com pleti n g the ta ble .

a) 40°/o

b) 50°/o

c) 2 5 °/o

d) 10°/o

e) 1 5 °/o

f) 20°/o

Reading Discounts as Fractions

BOGO
• Whi l e wa lki n g thro u gh the ma l l yo u n otice a store Buy One Get 0

1 off
with this sig n in the w i n dow:
2
6 . Esti m a te each sa l e p ri ce at .!_ off.

a) Ru n n i n g shoes $ 59 . 99

b) Sweater $27.49

7. How cou l d you esti mate the sa l e p ri ce of items that a re

.!. off?

34 MH R • Cha pter 1 Money Matters

 Name

8. Esti mate each sa l e p ri ce at ! off.

4

a) C D $ 1 9 . 99

b) Fleece shirt $23.99

9. In another store, items on one table are on sale for ! off.

4
a) A sweatsh i rt i s reg u la rly priced at $ 28 . 00 . W hat i s
t h e a mou nt o f t h e discou nt? How did you get you r
answer?

b) W h at i s the sa l e p ri ce of the sweats h i rt?

c) Dete rm i ne the d i sco u nt a n d sa l e p rice of each of

these items at ! off.

a) S h i rt
b) Jacket
b) Pa nts $42 . 0 0
d) Socks (2 pairs) $4.60
e) Sweater $39 . 99

1!4 Cheek Your Undersfandin

H ow co u l d you est i m ate each of these d i scou nts w ithout
using a ca l cu lato r?

a) 3 0 °/o

b) 2 5 °/o . .. · · ·· ·· ·· · · ··

1 . 8 Ite m s on S a l e • MH R 3 5
 Name

Comparin Apples to Apples

Focus: p u rchasing m u ltipl e items, ca lculating u nit costs

1 . a) D ra w q u a rters to ma ke 2. Use yo u r a nswer to # 1 to h e l p

1 1
! of a d o l l a r + ! of add - + -.
2 4 2 4
a d o l l a r.

b) What fra cti o n of $ 1 . 00 i s

t h i s a mo u n t of money?

3. Da n i el l e b ri n g s i n g ra no l a 4. You p u rc h a se school s u p p l ies

b a rs i n boxes o f 6 t o s h a re tota l l i n g $ 1 3 . 9 5 . H ow m u ch tax
w ith h e r class . S h e h a s wi l l you pay o n these items?
24 peo p l e i n h e r cla ss.
H ow m a n y boxes d oes she
n eed ?

Buying M ultiple Items

• Th e student cou n c i l is org a n izi ng a d a n ce.
• For the snack bar, they n eed to buy so me dri nks a n d snacks .

8 Juice Boxes
$2 . 39
12 Pop corn Bags 5 Gra nola Bars
24 Water Bottles
$3.88 $7 . 20 $3 . 3 0

1 . They m ust fi rst d ete rm i n e h ow m a n y cases of each item

to buy.

They need 40 j u i ce boxes . Each case conta i ns 8 boxes .

N u m ber of Tota l Amount N u m ber i n

Cases N eeded N eeded O n e Case

36 M H R • Cha pter 1 M on ey Matters

 Name

2. Befo re b u y i n g t h e i te m s , t h e stu d e n ts g i ve th e
stu d e n t cou n c i l tre a s u re r a n e sti m ate of th e m o n ey
t h ey n eed . Co m p l ete t h e ta b l e to est i m a te t h e cost of
each i te m .

a) Ju i ce boxes 40

b) Water bottles 100

c) Popco rn ba g s 24

d) Granola bars 60

3 . Esti mate the tota l cost i nc l u d i ng H ST.

4. U se t h e i nfo rm a t i o n fro m t h e a bove ta b l e to h e l p

d ete rm i n e t h e a ct u a l a m o u nt the stu d e nts w i l l s p e n d .
Co m p l ete the fo l low i n g ta b l e .

Ju i ce boxes $ 2 . 39

Water bottles $3.88

Popco rn ba g s $ 7 . 20

Granola bars $3.30

What is a
Subtotal subtotal?

Tax

Total

1 . 9 Com paring Apples to App les • M H R 37

 Name

5. I s you r est i m ate of th e m o n ey n eeded in # 3

rea so n a b l e ? How close a re you to the a ctu a l tota l ?

6. Th e stu dents g ave t h e cas h i e r $ 1 00 .

a) H ow m u ch c h a n g e s h o u l d they expect back?

b) S h ow the co m b i nati o n of coi n s a n d b i l l s they m i g ht

rece ive .

Comparing Unit Prices

1. At the g rocery sto re, the m e m bers of the stu dent
cou nci l n otice that they h ave a choice to m a ke when
p u rchasi ng pop . Wh ich i s the better b u y? Exp l a i n how
you know.

38 MHR • Cha pter 1 M on ey Matters

 Name

2. Besides price , what other t h i ngs m i g ht peo p l e

consi d e r when choosi n g ite ms t o b uy?

• One way to compare prices is to ca l c u l ate the unit price W hat is a

of a n ite m. unit price?
• U nit price is the price for just one item.

Example
A box of 10 penci ls costs $2 . 50.
Determ i n e the u n it price .
Solution
The u n it pri ce is the p ri ce of o n e penci l .

Pri ce of O n e Pe n ci l = P ri ce of Box of Pe nci ls -;- N u m be r of

Pe n ci ls i n Box
= $2 . 50 -;- 1 0
= $0. 2 5

The p ri ce of o n e penci l is $0. 2 5 o r ¢.

T h e u n it p ri ce is $0. 2 5 p e r penci l .

To calculate unit price :

Unit Price ;:: Price of All the Items + Number of Items

3 . Ca lcu l ate the u n it p ri ce fo r each ite m .

a) A packa g e of 1 0 pens costs $3 . 20.

b) A packa g e of 3 te n n is ba l ls costs $4 . 50.

c) A bag of 12 o ra n g es costs $3 . 48.

1 . 9 Comparing Apples to Apples • M H R 39

 Name

4. Th e stu dent cou n ci l fi n d s some o ptions for j u ice boxes .

For each o pti o n , d ete rm i ne the u n it p ri ce ( pri ce of o n e
j u ice box) .
Rou nd to the nea rest
th ousa n dth mea ns rou nd
to 3 decima l places.

Opti o n 1 :

Packa g e of 8 j u i ce boxes for $ 1 . 99

Option 2 :
Package of 1 0 juice boxes for $2 . 39

O ption 3 :

Packa g e of 3 0 j u i ce boxes fo r $6 . 89

5. W h i c h o ption i s th e bette r b uy? H ow d o you know?

6. Why d o yo u th i n k it i s i m porta nt to look at m o re th a n

j u st 2 d eci m a l p l a ces?

7. I s the lowest u n it p ri ce a l ways the better buy? What

else s h o u l d the stu d ent co u n ci l consider w h e n choos i n g
a n o pti o n ?

40 M H R • Cha pter 1 M on ey M atters

 Name

8. Fo r each of the items in the ta b l e , 2 o ptions a re g iven .

Ca lcu l ate the u n it p ri ce fo r each o ptio n .
C i rcle the l owest u n it p rice fo r each o pti o n .

a) 1 0 pe nci l s
1 2 pe n ci l s for $ 2 . 89
fo r $ 2 . 49

b) 1 pack of 4 packs of gum for

gum for $0. 89 $3 .49

c) 1 chocol a te ba r 12 ch oco l ate ba rs

fo r $ 0 . 9 7 fo r $ 8 . 49

d) 8 gra nola bars 12 granola bars for

for $2.79 $4 . 23

e) 1 ca n of sou p 1 0 ca n s of so u p for
fo r $ 0 . 80 $6 . 49

Cheek Your Undersfandin

Descri be i n you r own word s how to d eterm i n e the bette r b u y.

1 . 9 Co m pa ring Apples to Apples • MHR 41

 Name

Chapter 1 Review
Fill in each blank in #1 to #6 with one of these words.

change d i scou nt percent sal e p ri ce HST unit price

1 . The mo ney the cas h i e r g ives you back i s ca l l ed

2. mea n s " o u t o f 1 0 0 ."

3 . W h e n there i s a sa le, a n a mo u nt of m o ney su btra cted fro m the

o ri g i n a l p ri ce of an item i s ca l l ed a

4. = O ri g i n a l Price - D isco u n t ..

5 . Th e p rice for one item i s ca l led t h e

6. i s a d d ed to the p ri ces of ite m s that a re taxa b l e .

7. Ro u nd each a m o u nt to t h e n ea rest d o l l a r.
a) $ 1 . 8 7 b) $ 1 2 . 08
c) $3 . 3 3 d) $ 2 5 . 78
8. Ad a m made p u rc h a ses fo r the fo l l owi ng a m o u nts .
a) Ro u n d each a mo u nt to the nea rest d o l l a r.

$ 1 . 44 $2 . 59 $9 . 2 2 $0 . 82 $2 . 19 $3 . 54 $4 . 29

b) Use the rou nd ed va l ues to esti m ate the tota l of his p u rchases.

9 . Esti m ate the a m o u nt of ch a ng e you wi l l get fo r each p u rchase .

a) $ 2 . 2 3 $ 3 . 00

b) $ 1 2 .43 $ 1 5 . 00

42 M H R • C h a pter 1 M o n ey Matters
 Name

10. Yo u r bi l l at the g rocery sto re comes to $ 34 . 40 . D raw the b i l l s a nd

co i n s yo u cou l d receive a s ch a ng e .

$20 $20

1 1. Fo r each ite m , esti mate the a mo u nt of tax you wi l l pay.

Th e n , esti mate the tota l p ri ce .

a) Toa ste r $29 . 4 5

b ) Soap $ 1 .89

1 2. Fo r each ite m , d eterm i ne the sa l e p ri ce .

a) Po rta b l e stereo $ 76 . 89 5 0 °/o

b) Jeans $48. 23 25°/o

13. For each ite m , d eterm i n e the tota l cost.

a) Sweate r $ 34 . 99

b ) . Watch $60. 00 .!. off

4

14. Fo r each ite m , fi n d the u n it p ri ce of each opti o n .

C i rcle the lowest u n it p ri ce .

$ 5 . 9 7 for
a) Tissues
6 boxes

$3 .97 for $1.98 for

b) Socks
6 pai rs 2 pairs

Cha pter 1 Review • M H R 43

 Name

Task: Stoekin Up for Sehool

• Shi ma has just fi n i shed her first week at schoo l .
• She has ma de a l i st of thi ng s she wi l l need for the semester.

• At the store, Shi ma beg i n s to fi l l her shoppin g bas ket .

• She places the fo l l owi n g items i n her basket .

1 packa g e of 1 0 pe n s $ 3 . 89
l ruler (30 em) $ 1 . 29
2 e rasers $ 0 . 88
l package of graph paper $2.78

1. About h ow m u ch m o n ey h a s S h i m a s pent so fa r?

2. W h at ite m s d oes s h e have l eft to fi n d ?

" D o I h ave enoug h
m o n ey? H ow m uch
change wil l I get?"

• For the rema i n i n g ite ms, she finds more

tha n one option fro m which to choose .
• As you complete thi s activity, you w i l l
help Shi ma ma ke g ood cho i ces a bout
what to b uy.

44 M H R • Cha pter 1 M o ney Matters

 N a m e . . . . . . . .. . . ... . . .
.

2
Linear Measurement:

Metrie

U ses of m etric m easu re m ent :

• Some sports u se m etri c u n its .

For exa m pl e , Olym pic races a re 1 0 0 m , 200 m , 400 m , 8 0 0 m , or

1 50 0 m .
I n the jave l i n t h row, the worl d record for wo m e n i s 7 2 . 28 m .
• D i sta nces between Ca n a d i a n cities a re m ea s u red i n ki l o m etres .

Fo r exa m p l e , it i s a bout 90 km from To ronto to Ba rri e .

• H e i g ht i s g iven i n cent i m etres o n a d ri ve r's l i ce n ce .

• M ost of the ti m e , you measu re l e ngths usi n g a cent i m etre ru ler o r

m ea s u ri n g ta pe .

1. W h e re e l se i s metric m easu re ment u sed ?

2. Befo re red ecorati ng yo u r room , w h at a re some th i ng s yo u sho u l d

measu re?

Cha pter 2 Linea r Measu re ment : M etric • M H R 45

 Name

2.1 Metrie len ths and Referenees

Focus : m easu ring lengths, a p p roximating measu re m e nts

1 . Write each fra ction i n d eci m a l 2. Last n ig ht the

form . tem pe ratu re was 4°C
1 - S ° C . Th i s m o rn i ng , 3°C
a)
2 t h e te m pe ratu re i s 2°C
1 3 o C . W h a t w a s the 1°C
b)
4 cha n g e i n 0°C
1 tem pe ratu re?
c) d- = -1°C
10
-2 ° C
d) 2 = -3 °C
10
-4 ° C
e) _l_ =
10 -s o c
-6 ° C

Skills Practice 5: M u ltiplyi ng

and Dividing
by Powers of Ten

1. Eva lu ate .

a) 43 x 1 = b) 43 X 1 0 = . ................... ..... ..... .. .. . .. . c) 43 x 100 = .. :.... .. .. . . .. ....... .. .. ............ .

d) 0 . 5 X 10 = e) 0.5 x 1 00 = f) 0 . 5. X 1000 =

g) 0. 75 X 10 = h) 0 .75 X 1 00 = . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . i) 0 .75 X 1000 = .:... . .. ........ ... ,.. .. .. .. ...... ...

2. Describe the pattern when multiplying by powers of 10.

3. Eva l u ate.

a) 800 + 1 = .. ..... ........... ... ... . .. ...... . b) 800 + 10 = c) 800 + tOO = ....... .. . .... ....:.......... . .
.
d) 9 1 2 + 10 = e) 9 1 2 + 1 00 = . .. .. .. ....... .. . . . . . ...... .. f) 91 2 + 1 000 = , ...... .. .... .. ...... ... ... .: .. ........:: .. ·

g) 7 5 + 10 = h) 75 + 1 00 = i) 75 + 1000 = ... .. . ... .. .............. . . : . ... .. .

4. Describe the pattern when d ividi ng by powers of 1 0 .

46 M H R • C h a pter 2 Linea r M easu re m e nt : M etric

 Name

Measuring Metric Lengths

• M etric len gths and dista nces are usua l ly mea sured in
metres ( m ) , centi metres (em) , mil l i metres ( mm) , or
k i l o metres (km) .

1 . A rra n ge th ese 4 u n its fro m s m a l l est to l a rg est.

• Conve rting fro m one metric u n it to a n other wi l l be

easier for yo u if you me morize these facts:

1 em = 10 mm

1 m = 100 em

1 km = 1000 m

2. Convert each m easu re m e n t to the u n it specified . The

fi rst one i s done fo r you .

a) 2 em = 20 mm b) 2 m = em

c) 2 km = m d) 4 km = m

e) 8 m = em f) 0 . 5 em = mm

g) 0 . 5 m = em h) 500 m = km

i ) 3 0 0 em = m j ) 1 500 m = km

3. C i rcle the bette r m easu re m e nt .

a) T h e l e n gth o f th is b o o k i s a bout 3 0 em 30 mm

b) Th e d i a m ete r o f a C D i s a bout 12 mm 12 em

c) The l e n gth of a ca r is a bout 4 m 40 m

d) The w i dth of a fi ng e rna i l i s a bout 1 mm 1 em

4. Write the metric u n it that yo u m i g ht u se to m easu re

each of the fo l l owi ng ite m s . Th e fi rst o n e i s d o n e for
you .

a) a fl oor ti l e em b) length of a penci l

c) a socce r fi e l d d) d ista n ce to Ca l g a ry

e) l e n gth o f a n a nt f) w i dth of a pen t i p

2 . 1 M etric Lengths a n d Referen ces • MHR 47

 Name

5. M ea s u re each l i ne seg ment s h o w n bel ow usi n g a m etric

ru l e r. Write the m ea s u re m ents in the ta b l e . The fi rst
o n e i s d o n e for you .

a) ------

b) ____ b)
c) c)

d) --------­
d)

e) _

f) f)

g) g)
__

h) _______
h)

i) i)

6. A pe n c i l m ea s u res 1 3 . 4 em i n l en gth .
What i s the l e n gth of the pe nci l i n m i l l i m etres?
X 10

em mm
'-___/ 7. A com pa ct d i sc has a th ickness of 2 m m .

7 10
What i s t h e th i ckness of the C D i n cent i m etres?

8. Without usi ng a ru l e r, d raw a l i n e that is a bout each

g iven l ength .

a) 1 em
b) 2 em
c) 5 em
d) 10 em

e) 5 m m

9 . M easu re each l i n e you d rew i n # 8 . H ow c l ose were you ?

48 M H R • Cha pte r 2 Linea r M easu rement : M etric

 Name

• Est i mat i n g d i sta n ces i s easier if you ca n approx i mate

common mea s u reme nts usi n g you r body or s u rro u n d i ngs.
• For the fol l owi n g activity, you w i l l n eed a ru ler a n d a
mea s u ri n g tape .
10. Com p l ete the fol low i n g ta b l e to col lect some perso n a l
refe ren ces for esti mati n g m etri c d i sta n ces .

1 0 em

1 m

2 m

11. Com pl ete t h i s ta b l e to col lect m o re perso n a l refe rences

fo r esti mati n g m etric d i sta n ces .

You r outstretch ed
hand

The length of your

foot

The l e ngth of
you r a rm

Your height

Cheek Your Understandin

How cou l d yo u u se you r col l ecti o n of pe rso n a l referen ces to
esti mate the h e i g ht of the class roo m ?

2 . 1 M etric Lengths and Referen ces • M H R 49

 Name

2.2 Estimatin and Measurin Metrie Len ths

Focu s : l i te racy a n d esti mati ng a n d measu ri ng l en gths

a) 4 . 7 3 x 10 = a) 890 7 10 =

b) 4 . 7 3 X 100 = b) 890 7 100 =

c) 4 . 7 3 x 1000 = c) 890 7 1000 =

3. Th ere a re 1 00 4. Th ere a re 1 0 0

i n 1 d o l l a r.
in 1 m .

5. Ro u n d each a m o u nt to the 6. Th e u n it pri ce of a rewritea ble

nearest d o l l a r. C D i s a bout $ 1 . 5 0 . Fi nd the
cost of each n u m ber of
a) $4 . 49
rew rite a b l e C Ds .

b) $9 . 9 0

a) 2

c) $ 0 . 29

b) 3

d) $4 . 5 0

c) 1 0
d) 20
e) 1 0 0
f) 200

Estimating M etri c Lengths

• So me of the n a mes of the prefixes of metric measures are
Fre nch i n ori g i n.

1. M atch each E n g l ish word with its French eq u iva le n t .

te n mille

o n e h u n d red dix

o n e th o u sa nd cent

50 MHR • Cha pter 2 Li n ea r M easu rement : M etric

 Name

2. Ch oose a word from the box to The centi m etre

com p l ete each se nte n ce correctly. a n d the m i l l i m etre a re
very com mon . But, the

I
deci m etre i s h a rd ly ever
centimetres m i l l i metres decimetres u sed .

a) There a re 1 00 0 i n o n e m etre .

b) There a re 1 0 0 i n o n e m etre .

c) There a re 1 0 i n o n e m etre .

3 . Fi l l i n th e b la n ks u s i n g the a b b revi ati o n s for the

abbreviation
m etri c u n its . a short form
Exa m p l e : em is the
a) 2 m = 200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... b) 3 000 = 3 m a b b reviation for
centi m etre
c) 400 em = 4 . . . . . . . . .... ... . . . . . . d) 4 = 40 m m

e) 2 km = 2000 f) 2 . 5 = 2 5 0 em

g) 1 80 em = 1 . 8 h) 2 1 mm = 2 . 1

4. Convert each m ea s u rement to the u n its show n .

a) 5 0 0 em = m b) 6 m = em

c) 1 0 em = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m m
. d) 2 k m = m

e) 1 . 5 m = em f) 4 . 5 km = m

5. U se what you know to co m p l ete th ese se nte nces

co rrectl y.

a) There a re ten i n 1 em .

b) There a re two thousa nd in 2 m .

c) Th ere a re centi m etres i n 8 m .

d ) There a re two in 2 0 0 0 m .

2 . 2 Esti mati n g a n d M easuring M etric Lengths • MHR 5 1

 Name

• Often , the greater the d i sta nce, the less accuracy is n eeded .
For exa mple, the d ista nce from Ea rth to the moon is 384 000 km.
U s i n g 400 000 km is ofte n g ood enoug h .
• A sma l l er d i sta nce often req u ires greater a ccura cy.

For exa mple, the width of a penci l i s a bout 8 mm.

6. Esti m ate the l e n gth of each l i ne to the n ea rest

centi m etre u s i n g yo u r perso n a l refe re nces fro m
pa g e 49 . Th e n , measu re the a ctu a l len gth of each l i n e .
The fi rst o n e is d o n e for yo u .

a) a) 5 em 5 . 8 em

b) b)
c) c)

d) d)
e) e)

f) f)
g) g)

h) h)
i) -
i)

• It is i mporta nt to be a b l e to u n d ersta n d a n -d compare

mea sureme nts with d ifferent metric u n its .

7. C i rcle the g reater m easu re m e nt .

a) 4 5 0 m or 4 . 5 km

b) 1 m or 1 20 em

c) 2 5 m m or 0 . 25 m

d) 1 00 m or 0 . 5 km

e) 3 0 0 e m or 0.5 m

f) 50 m m or 0 . 5 em

52 M H R • Cha pte r 2 Li near M easu rement : M etric

 Name

• U s e the ta b l e s h o w n b e l o w t o complete # 8 t o #10.

8. Determ i ne the m etri c u n its that yo u wou ld u se to

m e a s u re each Item to be M ea s u red l i sted i n the ta ble .
Co m pl ete the U n its col u m n of the ta ble . Th e n , sto p .

9 . U s e o n e o f yo u r perso n a l refe re n ces from pag e 49 to

est i mate the m ea s u re ment of each ite m . Co m p lete the
Esti mate col u m n of th e ta b l e . The n , sto p .

10. M ea s u re t h e ite m s usi n g a m etric ru l e r o r a m easu ri n g

ta pe . Write you r m ea su re m ents i n the l a st col u m n of
the ta b l e .

a) H e i g ht o f classroom

b) Length of classroom

c) Width of classroom door

d) Length of this workbook

e) Th i ckness of a l oo n ie

f) Diameter of a penny

11. W h ich perso n a l refe re n ce d i d you u se to esti mate the

l e n gth of this wo rkboo k?

Cheek Your Understandin

1 . W h ich perso n a l refe re n ce i s easiest to u se? G i ve a n
exa m pl e .

2. W h ich perso n a l refe ren ce i s m ost d iffi c u l t t o use? G i ve

a n exa m p l e .

2 . 2 Esti mati n g a n d M easuring M etric Len gths • MHR 53

 Name

2.3 Thinkin Outside the Box

Focus : rea so n i n g , ca lcu lati n g peri m eter, m easu ri n g , ro u n d i ng

S h a d e 7 5 °/o of the d i a g ra m .
percent.

a) _!_ =
4

b) = ........... . . ......

3 . Co nve rt to the u n its s h ow n . 4. a) Esti m ate the l e n gth o f the

a) l ! h =
l i ne seg m e nt s hown .
min
4
em
b) $ 1 . 2 5 = ¢.

b) Measu re the l i n e .

em

5. Conve rt to the u n its s h own . 6. The H ST o n a $99 p u rchase

i s a pp roxi mately
a) 2 m 5 0 em = em

b) 2 m 5 0 em = m

c) 5 em 3 mm = em

d) 5 em 3 mm = mm

Calculating Perimeter
1. Fi l l i n the m issi n g dimensions .
What a re a) 8 m
dimensions?

4 m 4 m

54 M H R • Cha pter 2 Li nea r M easu re m e n t : M etric

 Name

b) 6 m

5 m

c) 3 m

2. The d i sta nce a ro u n d the o utsi d e of a fi g u re i s ca l l ed its W hat is

perimeter?

3. Determ i n e the peri m eter of each fi g u re i n # 1 .

a) m + m + m + m = m

b)
c)

4. C i rcle the a ctivities i n the box that may req u i re

ca l c u l ati n g peri m eter.

Fra m i ng a pictu re Cutti ng the l a w n

Fi l l i n g a swi m m i n g pool I n sta l l i n g baseboa rd tri m

Pa i nt i n g a room Ca rpet i n g a roo m

r-- ---- - - -·- - - -

Fenci n g in a g a rd e n Wa l l pa pe ri n g a roo m

--
5. Li st 3 occu pati ons that m a y req u i re a wo rki n g occupation I
work d o n e to earn
knowled g e o f peri m eter?

a)
a l ivi
_
rlfl _ __:____
b)

c)

2 . 3 Th i n ki ng Outside the Box • M H R 55

 Name

6. Measu re a nd record the l e n gth a nd the wi dth of each

ite m l i sted in the ta b l e . Ro u n d a l l m ea s u res to th e
nea rest centi m etre . Th e n , ca lcu l ate the peri meter of
each ite m .

Teacher's deskto p

Display boa rd

S h eet of pa per

PA spea ker

D raw a n exa m p l e 7. Determ i n e a n d l a be l the m i ssi ng d i mensions fo r each of

of a n irregular the fo l l ow i n g irregular figures .
figure .
a) 2 m
/6 m - 3 m = m

..----- 7 m - 2 m = m
6 m

3 m

7 m
b) 1 m
/4 m - m = m

4 m
/ S m - .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . m = . . . ... . . . . . . . . m

1 m

S m
8. Ca lcu l ate the peri m ete r of each fi g u re i n # 7 .
Rem e m be r to
a) b) the u n its i n
a n swers

9 . Determ i n e a n d l a be l the m i ssi n g d i mensions fo r

each of the fo l l owi n g i rreg u l a r fi g u res .

a) b)
7 m 7 m
1 m
2 m +--

._____
3 m

4 m 2.5 m
3 m

1 m 3 m

56 M H R • Cha pter 2 Li n ea r M eas u rement : M etric

 Name . . .. .. . .. ....... .. . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . ..

10. Ca lcu l ate the peri m ete r of each fig u re i n # 9 .

a) b)

1 1. Ca l c u l ate th e peri m eter of the fol lo w i n g fig u re .

1 2. M easu re each s i d e o f the fol l owi n g fig u re to t h e n e a rest

0 . 5 em . Reco rd the m ea s u re m ents in the ta b l e . Th e n ,
ca lcu l ate the peri m ete r.
A B E F
A to B
c D B to C
C to D
D to E
E to F
F to G
L K H G G to H
I H to I
J I
N M I to J
J to K
K to L
L to M
M to N
N to A
Cheek Your Undersfandin Perimeter
Descri be h ow to ca lcu l ate the peri m eter of a fig u re .

2 . 3 Th i n ki ng Outside the Box • M H R 57

 Name

Ski lls Practice 6: Sca le Diag ra ms

The diag ram represents a n overhead view of a typica l classroom .

The "sca le" of the d i a g ra m is 1 sq u a re to SO em .

Scates ca n be written u s i ng a col on .

1 sq uare : SO em

This means that the length of one side of 1 squa re on the diagram
represents SO em i n side the classroo m .

Thi s i s the same as 2 sq uares for every metre .

2 sq u a res
rep rese nts 1 m .
So, 1 0 sq u a res rep resents
10 -;- 2= 5 m.

1. Count the number of sq u a res along the long wall of the diagra m .

squares

Th is means that the actua l l ength of the classroom is

... .. .......... ...... .... ...... .. .. . .

7 2 = m

58 M H R • C h a pter 2 Linea r M eas u rement : M etric

 Name

2. Co u nt the n u mber of sq uares a long the sh ort wall of the diagram.

· ·· ·· ·· ·· · ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ····. squares

Th i s mea n s that the actua l w i dth of the c lassroom is

-T- 2 = m

3. Ca l cu l ate the actu a l peri mete r of the classroom .

4. A ta ble will be p l a ced i n the classroom .

Th e ta ble is 2 m l o ng a n d 1 . 5 m w i de .

a) Convert th ese mea surements to centi metres .

2 m = em

1.5 m = em

b) Use the sca l e of 1 sq u a re : 50 em to complete these state ments.

The l e n gth of the table on the d i a gra m is . ... . . . .. . .. .. . . . ...... .. ....... .. ..

squares.

The w idth o f th e ta b l e on the d iagra m i s squares.

c) Draw the ta b l e to sca l e somew here on the diagram .

La bel it neatly.

5. H ow m a ny sq u a res represent 1 m for each of the fo llowing scales?

a) 1 sq u a re : 1 m

b) 1 sq u a re : 25 em

c) 1 square : 20 em

d) 1 sq uare : 0.5 m

S ki l l s Practice 6 : Sca le Diag ra ms • M H R 59

 Name

2.4: Monster Trueks!

Focus : ca lcu lati n g perimeter, u s i n g sca le d i a g ra m s

Ca lcu l ate the H ST pa i d

o n a p u rchase of $ 3 1 . 50 . p u rc h a se i n # 1 .

0/o of $ 3 1 . 5 0 $ 3 1 . 50 + $
= $ = $ ..... .. .. ..... ... . .. .. . . . . . . ........ ..... .. ..... ....... .. .. ..

3. Ca lcu l ate the pe ri m ete r of the 4. What i s the peri m eter of the
fo l low i n g fig u re if o n e sq u a re fi g u re in #3 if
re prese nts o n e m etre .
a) 1 sq u a re rep resents 2 m ?

I b) 1 sq u a re represents 1 0 m ?

Peri m eter = m
c) 1 square represents 0 . 5 m?

Redecorating
v? \ le" • A five-year-o l d boy that you know i s g etti n g h i s bed room
mea n ? red ecorated .
• Yo u h ave been asked to h e lp with the pl a n n i n g a n d the
purchase of a bri g h t ora n g e, mon ster truck wa l lpaper bord er.
• The dia gra m of the child's room is not to sca l e.

" W i n dow
4.2 m ..

Closet
3.6 m d oo r
I
W i ndow !
Door
• 1

1 . Ca lcu l ate the peri m eter of the boy's roo m .

60 M H R • Cha pter 2 Li nea r M easu rement: M etric

 Name .......... ..... ................. ... . .. ... ............................... ...... ......... .......... ................ ... ....... . .. . . . ...... ...... ... .............. .............. ............. ................... .. .. ..

• The closet doorway is a pproxi mately 60 em w i de .

• The door to th e bed room is a pproxi mately 80 em w i d e .
• E a c h w i n dow is a pproxi mately 1 m w i d e .
• T h e wa l l pa pe r bord e r is t o be p u t h a l fway between t h e floor

and the cei l i ng . {It will n ot cross the doors o r the wi n dows ! )

2. Ca lcu l ate the d ista n ce a ro u n d the roo m that needs to be

wa l l pa pe red .

Peri m eter Width of Width of Width of W idth of

of room d oor closet d oor window window

D i stance

to be

wa l l pa pered

• The wa l l pa pe r border is so ld in 4. 5-m rol ls .

• I t sel ls for $ 1 2 . 99 per rol l .

3. H ow m a ny rol ls of wa l l pa pe r n eed to be p u rc h a sed ?

D istance to be D i stan ce covered

wa l l pa pered with 1 rol l

N u m be r of w h o l e rol l s to be p u rchased =

4. a) Ca lcu late the cost of the w a l l pa pe r.

b) Ca l c u l ate the H ST to be pa i d o n the

p u rchase. If you n eed hel p
ca lcu lating tax , look
back at page 2 5 .

c) W h at i s the tota l cost of the p u rch ase after tax?

2 . 4 M on ster Trucks ! • MHR 61

 Name

• T h e custo mer has five $ 2 0 b i l l s i n h er pocket.

5. a) How m a n y b i l l s s h o u l d s h e g ive the ca s h i e r?

b) How m u ch c h a n g e s h o u l d s h e receive?

c) D ra w the co m b i nation of b i l l s a n d/or co i n s that she

m i g ht rece ive i n c h a n g e .

6. To m a ke a n a ccu rate sca l e d i ag ra m o f t h e bed room

u s i n g a sca l e of 1 sq u a re to 20 em ta kes a bit of

p repa rati o n .
{.
:a 20 em i s th e
1 m = 1 0 0 em
A sca l e of 1 sq u a re oo em = x 20
.. .. . .. . . .. . .. .. .

sa m e as sq u a res to 1 m. --

Assu m e that th e door to the bed room a n d each of the

w i n d ows a re located 40 em fro m the nea rest co rn er.
Th e re i s a 2 0 em space between the 2 doors .
Co m p l ete t h e fo l l owi ng ta b l e .

a) Le ngth o f room

b) Width of room

c) Door to roo m

d ) Closet door

e) Each wi ndow

f) Corner to door or w i ndow

g) S pace between d oors

62 M H R • C h a pte r 2 Li nea r M ea s u rement : M etric

 Name .. ... ...... .. ........... .. .. . ..... ... . .... . .... .......... .. .. .. ........ ....... .. . ...... ........ .. . ....... .. ... ... ....... .. ... ... .. ..

7. O n the fol lowi ng g ri d , d raw a n a ccu rate sca le d ra w i n g i n

pe nci l of the bed room . You may have to t u rn the page
s i d eways .

Cheek Your Understandin

pj
H ow cou ld a sca l e d i a g ra m be u sefu l if you wa nted to
rea rra ng e the fu rn itu re in a bed ro o m ?

2 . 4 M o n ster Truc ks ! • MHR 63

 Name

Chapter 2 Review
For #1 to #3, choose a word from the box to complete each
sentence correctly.

I perimeter scale

1. The l e n gth a nd w i dth of a recta n g l e a re ca l led its ......... ..... ............ ............ .. .. ........ ... ...... . ........ ............ . . . . . .. . . .... . ...... ..

2. The d istance around the outside of a figu re is cal led its . . . . . . . . ........... . .......... ..... . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . ...... . ...... .. .

3 . 1 sq u a re to 50 em is a n exa m p l e of a . . . . .... . . . .... . . . . . . ....... . ... . . ... ... . .... . . . ... . . ... . . . . ..... . . . .

4. Ca lcu late .
a) 4 . 8 1 x 10 = b) 4 . 8 1 X 1 00 = . . . . . . .. . ... ... . . . . . . . . . . ... .

c) 0 . 2 5 x 100 = d) 0 . 25 X 1 00 0 =

e) 740 -T 1 0 = . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . f) 740 -T 1 0 0 = . . . .......... . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ...... .

g) 6 5 0 0 -T 100 = h) 6 5 0 0 -T 1 00 0 = ..... . . . . ..... . ..... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ..

5. U se u n its o r n u m be rs to com pl ete each conversio n .

a) 1 em = 1 0 b) 1 m = em

c) 1 km = m d ) 4 km = m

e) 8 m = 800 f) em = 5 m m

6 . C i rcle the g reater m easu re ment.

a) 2 5 0 m o r 2 . 5 km b) 1 m or 85 em

c) 2 5 mm or 2 . 5 m d) 200 m or 0 . 5 km

7. La bel the m issi n g d i mensi o n s . The n , ca l c u l ate the peri meter.

2 m
Peri meter =
l m

3 m 3 m
. . . . . . . . . ... . . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . . m

. .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . ... . . . . m

64 M H R • Cha pter 2 Linea r M eas u re m ent : M etric

 N a me ······ · · · · ··. · · · · · · · ······ ···

8. State a person a l reference for each of the fol lowi ng d i sta n ces.

1 em

9 . Draw a l i n e seg ment for each of the fol l owi n g l e n gths .

a) 1 m m
b) 1 em
c) 10 em

10. Write the m ea su rement of each l i n e seg ment i n the ta b l e .

a) -------

b) __

c) _____

d) __________________

1 1 . U se a sca le of 1 sq u a re to 0 . 5 m . Write the a ctu a l length of ea ch side

of the g a rd e n o n the sca l e d ia g ra m below . Then, ca lcu l ate the

per
i
meter of the g a rd e n .
. .
. .. . .
. ..

. ..
. .
.
!
..·.. • .. . . '
. ..
.
. ,.
'
. •
.. ;
'
.
•• · ·
'
•• ••••
.. ... .
'
. ..
•... ··· ···
;
: _: ;

Peri meter =

Cha pter 2 Review • M H R 65

 Name

Task: Sehool Renovations

• Th e baseboa rd s i n some of the classroom s of a school need
to be rep la ced . Base boa rd s a re th e tri m u sed w h e re the
wa l l s m eet the floor.
• The fo l lowi ng s ketch of a typ i ca l classroom i s not to sca l e .

1 m 1 m --..f 1 m
I I I I I I
AI'
W indow Window W i nd ow
(50 em) (50 em) (50 em)

7 m

......
""'
9 m ..llo.
,.
t--

Stora g e d o o r
Door ( 1 m)
( 1 m) ,, r--

I I
Yo u r ta s k is to :
• Ca lcu l ate the peri m ete r of the roo m .

• Ca lcu l ate the a mo u nt of baseboa rd n eeded .

• Ca l c u l ate the cost of the baseboa rd .

• Create a n a ccu rate sca l e d i a g ra m .

1 . Why m i g ht i t be i m po rta nt to create a n a cc u rate sca l e d ia g ra m ?

I wou l d m ea s u re in
m etres.

I wou l d measu re in
centi m etre s .
I cou ld m easure the
l ength a n d width of the
classroom using a
m easu ring ta p e .

66 MHR • Cha pter 2 L i n e a r M easu re ment : M etric