CPL Ground Workup 1

What are the privileges of Commercial Pilot License?

CASR 61.570

1. to act as PIC any aircraft in any operation other than:

a) a multi-crew aircraft in a charter or RPT operation; or
b) an aeroplane certificated for single pilot operation, that has a MTOW of more than 5700kg
in a RPT operation; or
c) a turbojet aeroplane with a MTOW of more than 3500kg in a RPT operation; and
2. to pilot, as co-pilot, any aircraft in any operation (a valid IR must be held if IFR operation).

What are the limitations of a Commercial Pilot License?

CASR 61.575
1. to use the privileges of a CPL in a multi-crew operation only if the holder has completed an
approved course of training in multi-crew cooperation (MCC). All multi-crew aircraft require a type
rating and some complex single pilot aircraft also do to ensure that competency expectations are met.

Assuming you successfully pass your Commercial Pilot License in the C182 today, what other
aircraft can you act as PIC whilst operating commercially, and what (if any) conditions apply
before operating that aircraft?

CASR 61.385 I can exercise the privileges of my CPL in an aircraft as long as I am competent in
operating the aircraft to the standards mentioned in Part 61 MOS for the class or type to which the
aircraft belongs, including the following areas:
a) Operating the aircraft’s navigation and operating systems
b) Conducting all normal, abnormal and emergency flight procedures for the aircraft
c) Applying operating limitations
d) W&B requirements
e) Applying aircraft performance data, including take-off and landing performance data for
the aircraft.

Must you hold a valid flight review? How can you satisfy the requirement for a flight review?

CASR 61.745 Yes I need to hold a valid flight review, in an aircraft of the class covered by the rating,
or an approved flight simulator for the flight review.
To fulfil this requirement I complete any of the following:
a) Pass the flight test for the rating; or
b) Pass the flight test for an operational rating in an aircraft covered by the aircraft class
rating, or
c) Complete flight training for a design feature endorsement in an aircraft of the class covered
by the aircraft class rating, or
d) Successfully complete a flight review for a pilot type rating in an aircraft of a type
prescribed in an instrument under reg 61.061 for the class rating, or
e) Successfully complete
i) an operator proficiency check that covers operations in the class, or
ii) a proficiency check mentioned in subregulation (3A) in an aircraft of the class or
an approved flight simulation training device for the purpose

The validity of a flight review is 24 months.

What recent experience must you have in order to conduct a passenger carrying charter flight?
What ways can you satisfy this requirement?
CASR 61.395
Complete 3 take-offs and landings in the previous 90 days (by day or night) in an aircraft in that
category or an approved flight simulator.

What are the medical requirements for Commercial Pilot License?

CASR 61.415
A current class one medical OR a medical exemption for the exercise of the privileges of the license.

What personal documents must you carry on board a commercial flight?

CASR 61.420
1) License
2) Medical Certificate (+ Medical Exemption if applicable)
3) A government document that includes a photograph of the holder showing the full face on his/her
head or shoulders. i.e. ASIC

Once you have your Commercial License can you start conducting commercial activities? If
not, what authorisation do you require CASA to grant?
CAA 27
Not unless I apply for and am granted an Air Operators Certificate from CASA

What are the requirements for an AOC?

Anyone/company may apply for an AOC, the requirements include the following:
a) compliance with civil aviation law CAA 28BD
b) duty to exercise care and diligence CAA 28BE
c) organisational personal – 28BF
d) operational headquarters and suitable buildings 28BG
e) reference library – CAA, CAR, CASR, CAO, AIP, Operations Manual, Dangerous Goods
CAA 28BH
Manual & Drug and Alcohol Management Plan. CASR 99

What are the four classifications of flying operations?

1. Aerial Work Operations

Aerial Surveying
Aerial Spotting
Aerial Photography
Advertising
Carriage for the purposes of trade, of goods being the property of the pilot, the owner or hirer
of the aircraft (excluding carriage of goods in accordance with fixed schedules to and from fixed
terminals).
2. Charter
3. RPT
4. Private Operations

What is a charter?
The carriage of persons or cargo for hire or reward from any place other than the carriage in
accordance with fixed schedules OR the carriage in accordance with fixed schedules to and from fixed
terminals of passengers or cargo (or both) in circumstances in which the accommodation in the
aircraft is not available for use by persons generally.
What is RPT?
The purposes of transporting persons generally, or transporting cargo for persons generally, for hire or
reward in accordance with fixed schedules to and from fixed terminals over specific routes with or
without intermediate stopping places between terminals.

What is an operations manual?

CAAP 215 Essentially a ‘how to do it’ manual for company personnel containing information on
SOP’s to be abided by in order to comply with appropriate legislation.

What type of information must be contained in an operations manual?

1. A drug and alcohol management plan

2. Dangerous Goods Manual
3. Route Guide
4. Aircraft Performance Manual
5. Emergency Procedures
CPL Ground Workup 2

What is reserve time?

CAR 210A
A period during which a FCM is required by an operator hold himself/herself available for a TOD

What is the maximum continuous period of reserve time at home?

CAO 48.0
Reserve time shall not exceed one continuous period of 16 hours.

If you were called to commence duty during reserve time at home, what is the maximum
permitted elapsed time from commencement of reserve time at home to the end of that TOD?
23 hours maximum

Is reserve time at home considered as TOD time?

Reserve time is not considered TOD time.

What is the definition of rest period?

CAR210A
Rest period means a period of time during which a flight crew member is relieved by an operator of
all duties associated with employment.

What is the maximum duration of TOD an operator can roster you for?
CAO 48.0
11 hours

What is the maximum number of flight hours an operator can roster a pilot to fly in one TOD?
CAO 48.0
8 hours

If you have commenced a TOD, can it be extended beyond 11 hours? If it can what are the
consequences?
A TOD can be extended up to 12 hours, however, an additional hour of rest for each 15 min over 11
hours must be added to the mandatory rest period (9 hours between 10pm and 6am) or 10 hours.
When a TOD exceeds 12 hours, a mandatory rest period of at least 24 hours is required. Split shifts
are also an option up to 15 hours, as long as a rest period of 4 consecutive hours is given to the FCM –
Two of such shifts are a maximum per week and a rest period of at least 24 hours is required between
such shifts.

If you have commenced a TOD, can flight time be extended beyond 8 hours? If so, what are the
consequences?
Up to 9 hours, with an additional hour of rest for each 15 min over 8 hours.

How many consecutive days can an operator roster a pilot for?

5 days, one continuous period embracing the hours of 10pm and 6am on two consecutive nights

What are the maximum flight hours an operator can roster a pilot for each week? Month?
Year?
No more than 30 hours in a week
No more than 100 within a consecutive 30 day period
No more than 900 hours in a 365 day period

What is the maximum number of duty hours an operator can roster a pilot for each fortnight?
90 hours
After consuming an alcoholic drink, how long until you can pilot an aircraft?
The minimum period is 8 hours, however use common sense, don’t pilot an aircraft after having a
huge night on the beers.

You have taken some medication to relieve the symptoms of a cold. Are you able to pilot an
aircraft?
Yes, as long as they are in the CASA approved list or you have the approval from a DAME. Aspirin,
Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, non sedating anti-histamines, laxatives etc. are all okay for minor use.
Obviously anything that makes you drowsy, or thins blood is prohibited.

Give some examples of medications which are not permissible to have taken and still act as pilot
in command of an aircraft.
Smoking Cessation, Codeine, Oxycodone, Viagra, Isotretinoin (Acne treatment)

Are you permitted to carry intoxicated persons on an aircraft?

CAR256
A person shall not, whilst in a state of intoxication, enter any aircraft.

When must you advise a DAME of a medically significant condition?

CASR 61.265
You must contact a DAME ASAP if a medical condition lasts more than 7 days as a commercial pilot
with a class 1 medical certificate.
CPL Ground Workup 3

What instruments are required for a day VFR charter flight?

CAO 20.18 Appendix 1
ASI, Altimeter, Compass, Accurate Time-Piece
Turn & Slip Coordinator + OAT Indicator

Can any of these instruments be unserviceable?

CAO 20.18
In the case of charter or RPT, all instruments and equipment must be serviceable before take-off,
unless:
a) Flight with unserviceable instruments has been approved by CASA, subject to such conditions as
CASA specifies; or,
b) The unserviceability is a permissible unserviceability set out in the minimum equipment list for the
aircraft and any applicable conditions under subregulation 37 (2) of CAR 1988 have been complied
with
c) CASA has approved the flight with unserviceable instruments or equipment any applicable
conditions that CASA has specified in writing is being complied with
d) The unserviceable instrument or equipment is a passenger convenience item only and does not
affect airworthiness.

Any unserviceable instruments need to be prominently placarded ‘UNSERVICEABLE’ or removed

from the aircraft.

When is a Charter flight required to have VHF radio?

AIP GEN 1.5
CHTR aircraft need to have a VHF radio in order to maintain continuous communication with ATS at
all stages of flight. The VHF radio communication system must be capable of communication on all
VHF frequencies required to meet the reporting and broadcasting requirements of ENR 1.1 para 2.1

When is a Charter flight required to have HF radio?

HF radio is required when continuous two-way communication with ATS cannot be maintained with
VHF radio, so when flight into a remote area occurs a HF radio must be carried. It doesn’t need to be
carried when flight into a remote area does not occur, or when radio contact can be maintained with
an appropriately trained company rep able to communicate by telephone with ATS.

Are air work or charter flight required to carry an ELT?

Yes, all aircraft that fly beyond the vicinity (50nm) of an aerodrome must have an approved ELT that
is in working order, and whose switch is set to the position marked ‘armed’ if that switch has a
marked position, or, carries in a place readily accessible to the operating crew an approved portable
ELT that is in working order.

For charter operations when are you required to carry life jackets?
CAO 20.11
There must be a life jacket for each occupant when the aircraft is over water and at a distance from
land:
a) in the case of a single engine aircraft – greater than that which would allow the aircraft to reach
land in the event of an engine failure.
b) in the case of a multi-engine aircraft – greater than 50 miles.

In the case of RPT or charter operations aircraft shall be equipped with a life jacket or flotation device
for each occupant when the take-off or approach path is so disposed over water in the event of a
mishap occurring during the departure or the arrival it is reasonably possible that the aircraft would be
forced to land onto water.

When are life jackets required to be worn?

CAO 20.11
Where life jackets are required to be carried, each occupant shall wear a life jacket during flight over
water. However occupants of aeroplanes need not wear life jackets during flight above 20000 feet
above water.

At what distance from land are you required to carry a life raft when flying in a single engine
aircraft?
CAO 20.11
An aircraft that is flown over water at a distance from land greater than the permitted distance (30min
at normal cruising speed/100nm which ever is less) must carry as part of its emergency and lifesaving
equipment, sufficient life rafts to provide a place in a life raft for each person on board the aircraft.
CASA may require the carriage of life rafts when considered necessary.

If you are required to carry a life raft are you still required to carry life jackets?
CAO 20.11
Yes, life rafts carried shall be in addition to life jackets.

When must you carry survival equipment on board your aircraft?

CAO 20.11
Survival equipment shall carry survival equipment for sustaining life appropriate to the area being
overflown on the following flights:
a) Where the carriage of life rafts are required
b) During operations within or through the remote areas specified in appendix III
c) On such other flights as may be directed by CASA

As a commercial pilot, are you required to undertake any emergency procedures training
before acting as a crew member on aerial work, charter or RPT operations?
CAO 20.11
Crew member proficiency in the execution of emergency procedures
A crew member shall not be assigned or accept assignment to emergency duties in an aircraft engaged
in a charter or a RPT operation unless he has undertaken and passed the proficiency test specified in
appendix IV on that type of aircraft.

How often is each member of the operating crew required to undertake emergency procedures
proficiency tests?
CAO 20.11
The proficiency test shall be taken and passed annually

Is a hand held portable fire extinguisher required as part of an aircrafts emergency equipment?
Yes, in all aircraft except:
a) private and aerial work aeroplanes with MTOW not exceeding 5700kg
b) rotorcraft with a MTOW not exceeding 2750kg
c) Glider, powered sailplanes and power assisted sail planes
d) manned balloons.

When must you submit a flight plan for a Charter VFR flight?
You must always submit a SARTIME flight notification to ATS, or leave a flight note with a
responsible person when conducting a charter or RPT flight.

Can commercial flight operations be conducted from an ALA?

Charter operations can be conducted from an ALA (not RPT flights).
CAAP 92-1

What are the recommended dimensions for an ALA for a single engine aircraft with a MTOW
not exceeding 2000kg during daylight operations?
CAAP 92-1

What are the recommended dimensions for an ALA for a single engine aircraft with an MTOW
exceeding 2000jg but not exceeding 5700kg during daylight operations?

CAAP 92-1

What is meant by ‘fly over area’?

A portion of ground adjacent to the RWY strip which is free of tree stumps, large rocks or stones,
fencing, wire or any other obstacles above ground but may include ditches or drains below ground
level.
CPL Ground Workup 4

1. Can you use a GNSS as a navigation reference when operating by day under the VFR?

AIP GEN 1.5 8.5.4.1 (refer CAAP 35-1)

Yes, GNSS may be used to supplement visual navigation techniques.

How much fuel is required for today’s flight?

To do on the day

What are the alternate minima for aeroplanes operating under the VFR?
Cloud Ceiling more than SCT at 1500ft>
Viz 8000m>

You check the weather for your flight and find that an alternate is required. What factors must
you take into consideration when planning fuel for an alternate?
CAAP 234-1
You must take into consideration the following factors:
a) enable the aircraft to
i) fly from that point to a height of 1500ft above the destination aerodrome, and,
ii) make an approach to that aerodrome
iii) make a missed approach to that aerodrome
iv) to fly to the alternate aerodrome
v) to make an approach to that alternate aerodrome,
vi) land at that alternate aerodrome

Are Commercial VFR flights required to carry a VRB fuel reserve?

Yes – Piston engine aircraft need to carry 15% for a piston engine aircraft (10% for turbine)

What is the minimum fixed fuel reserve you are required to carry for commercial VFR flights?
45 minutes (piston) | 30 minutes (turbine)

Where can you find details regarding required traffic holding?

ERSA

What is the minimum oil level for the aircraft you are flying (ORD)?
7-21
5 quartz – Do not depart when oil level is at minimum

Are you able to depart on a flight or nav exercise if the oil level is at the minimum?
No, use common sense and depart with more than the minimum amount, because shortly after the oil
will decrease to below the minimum and could potentially do serious damage to the aircraft engine.

Can you refuel your aircraft with AVGAS whilst passengers are on board?
AVGAS cannot be loaded onto an aircraft whilst passengers are on board or entering or leaving the
aircraft.

During refuelling operations what distance must the aircraft fuel tank filling points, vent outlets
and ground fuelling equipment be from:
a) a sealed building 5m
b) other stationary aircraft 6m
 c) any exposed public area 15m
d) any unsealed building 9m (aircraft with MTOW under 5700kg)

What is meant by ‘sealed building’?

A sealed building is one which all the external part within 5m of an aircrafts fuel tank filling points or
vent outlets or ground fuelling equipment is of non-flammable materials and has no openings or all
openings are closed.

You are on a cross country flying adventure and need to refuel from drums at one of the
locations you decide to spend the night. What are some measures you must take when
refuelling from drums?
CAO 20.9
Ensure that you are using the correct fuel i.e. check the drum label for the correct type (refer to POH).
Make sure that contaminants, including water are not present in the fuel. Use a water detecting paste
to confirm that there in not presence of water.
CPL Ground Workup 5

When passengers are carried on charter, what are the requirements for a passenger list?

CAO 20.16.1
When passengers are carried on charter or RPT flights, the operator shall compile a passenger list and
leave it for retention at the aerodrome of departure. This will contain the aircraft registration, the
names of the pax carried, the date and estimated time of departure + the places of embarkation and
destination.

Can you carry cargo on a passenger seat? Are there restrictions to this?

CAO 20.16.2
Yes, however not exceeding 77kg (unless approved by CASA) and must be adequately restrained.

Car you carry cargo in the pilot compartment? Are there any restrictions to this?
CAO 20.16.2
Prohibited in aircraft with MTOW of 5700kg< | same requirements as passenger seat and not interfere
with the operation of the aircraft.

Who may occupy a seat adjacent to an emergency exit?

Currently there is no legislation implemented as to who may or may not sit in an over wing
emergency row, regulations are being drafted though. However advice given to airlines includes the
following:

 able-bodied
 a minimum of 15 years old
 can understand and converse in English
 are not travelling with an infant
 are not travelling with someone who requires their assistance in an emergency
 are willing to provide assistance to cabin crew and other passengers in the event of an
emergency.

Are passengers allowed to remove their seat belt at any stage during flight?
CAO 20.16.3
Yes, however I would advise them to have them loosely fastened throughout the entire flight. They
must be wearing seatbelts during take-off, landing, when the aircraft is flying at or below 1000ft
AGL, In turbulence and when an instrument approach is in progress.

During single pilot operations can the pilot remove their seat belt at any stage during flight?
CAO 20.16.3
No, at least one crew member must wear a seatbelt or harness at all times during flight.

What is the definition of a child? An infant?

CAO 20.16.3
3-13 = child
under 3=infant

Can more passengers be carried in an aircraft than there are seats fitted?
CAO 20.16.3
Yes, as long as it has been approved by CASA, and the number does not exceed the number specified
in the following column
2-6 seats = 1 excess pax
7-13 seats=2 excess pax
14-20 seats=3 excess pax

Can two children occupy one seat? Under what conditions?

Yes, as long as their combined weight does not exceed 77kg, they must be seated side by side, by lap
strap only and the seatbelt is adjusted to secure both children at all times when a seat belt is required
to be worn.

How must an infant be carried in an aircraft?

CAO 20.16.3.13
An infant may be carried in the arms or on the lap of an adult passenger, in a bassinet or in an infant
seat (providing the bassinet or infant seat is restrained so as to prevent it from moving under the
maximum accelerations to be expected in flight).

What items must be included in the passenger brief?

CAO 20.11.14
Smoking (including the prohibition of smoking in the toilets), use of seatbelts, location of emergency
exits, use of oxygen where applicable, use of flotation devices where applicable, stowage of hand
luggage and the presence on board of special survival equipment where applicable.

What additional items must be included in the passenger brief for a flight over water?

The use of flotation devices i.e. life jackets, life rafts

What additional requirements are there when briefing passengers that include a handicapped
person?

An individual briefing must be given to a handicapped person, and the person assisting the
handicapped person given an individual briefing appropriate to the needs of that person – including
which emergency exit to use and when to move to the exit. Person briefing should also enquire as to
the most appropriate manner of assisting the handicapped person to prevent pain or injury.

Prepare W&B charts and landing charts for todays flight

On the day

What is the % factor you must apply to take off and landing distances calculated?

15% as a buffer for pilot skill + execution

How does the CSU and propeller governor system work in the C182?
The CSU and Prop governor system in the c182 is a hydraulic system. Oil pressure enters and leaves
the prop hub and acts on a piston which in turn changes the blade angle (i.e. fine or coarse). The
reason for this is to ensure that the blade is always acting at its most efficient angle. In order for this
to be achieved the system relies on the use of a couple system of fly-weights which are rotated and
sensitive to engine speed, this is resisted by a speeder spring.
When engine speed increases, centrifugal force acts on the fly-weights which in turn lifts a pilot valve
allowing oil to flow into the propeller hub and act on a piston which pushes the blades into a coarse
position. When the desired setting has been reached, the speeder spring counteracts the force of the
fly-weights which shuts the pilot valve, disallowing and flow into or out of the hub. The opposite
occurs when the engine speed decreases, the speeder spring then applies the force on the pilot valve
and oil then returns to the sump, until the desired setting is reached and the flyweights equalize the
pressure of the speeder spring.

Why do we use full fine pitch for take-off and landing?

Maximum thrust is available when the pitch is full fine position i.e. the angle of attack is highest at
low airspeed and high RPM. We need maximum thrust for take-off and in the event of a go-around.
When comparing to a car, fine pitch is like having the car in first gear, as opposed to 5 th gear at low
speed.

If oil pressure were lost in the propeller governor will the propeller move to a fine or coarse
position?

Losing oil pressure in the propeller governor system is much like oil being ‘sucked’ out of the hub
when the PROP lever is pushed in (to bring the prop back to a fine position). Therefore the blade
would move to its fine pitch stop and act like a fixed pitch prop, you would then use the throttle to
control power output and RPM.

How would you know in the cockpit that the propeller governor had failed? What actions
would you take?

In a single engine aircraft such as the c182, a safety feature in the event of a malfunction in the
propeller hub i.e. loss of oil pressure is the tendency for the blades to move to the fine pitch stops.
The speeder spring is not being resisted so oil is free to leave the hub. This coupled with the CTM is
an important safety feature. Cockpit indications would be a sudden surge in RPM called propeller
runaway. Immediate action needs to be taken to prevent or minimize engine damage, bring the
manifold pressure back and raise the nose if need be.

In the event of a speeder spring failure, the twisting moment provided by the fly weights are no longer
being resisted so the blade will move to the coarse pitch stop. A sudden drop in RPM (regardless of
prop pitch lever position), and rise in MP will be the result. Land ASAP.

During ground operations what cockpit indications would indicate the presence of ice on the
propeller? How would you clear it and how would you know it was cleared?

During flight what cockpit indications would indicate the presence of ice on the propeller? How
would you clear it and how would you know it was cleared?
CPL Ground Workup 6

As a CPL holder what type of maintenance activities can you carry out on an Australian
aircraft?

CAR 1988 Schedule 8

1.                Removal or installation of landing gear tyres, but only if the removal or installation does not involve
the complete jacking of the aircraft.

2.                Repair of pneumatic tubes of landing gear tyres.

3.                Servicing of landing gear wheel bearings.

4.                Replacement of defective safety wiring or split pins, but not including wiring or pins in control
systems.

5.                Removal or refitting of a door, but only if:

                     (a)  no disassembly of the primary structure or operating system of the aircraft is involved; and

                     (b)  if the aircraft is to be operated with the door removed--the aircraft has a flight manual and the
manual indicates that the aircraft may be operated with the door removed.

6.                Replacement of side windows in an unpressurised aircraft.

7.                Replacement of seats, but only if the replacement does not involve disassembly of any part of the
primary structure of the aircraft.

8.                Repairs to the upholstery or decorative furnishings of the interior of the cabin or cockpit.

9.                Replacement of seat belts or harnesses.

10.              Replacement or repair of signs and markings.

11.              Replacement of bulbs, reflectors, glasses, lenses or lights.

12.              Replacement, cleaning, or setting gaps of, spark plugs.

13.              Replacement of batteries.

14.              Changing oil filters or air filters.

15.              Changing or replenishing engine oil or fuel.

16.              Lubrication not requiring disassembly or requiring only the removal of non-structural parts, or of
cover plates, cowlings and fairings.
17.              Replenishment of hydraulic fluid.

18.              Application of preservative or protective materials, but only if no disassembly of the primary
structure or operating system of the aircraft is involved.

19.              Removal or replacement of equipment used for agricultural purposes.

20.              Removal or replacement of glider tow hooks.

21.              Carrying out of an inspection under regulation 42G of a flight control system that has been
assembled, adjusted, repaired, modified or replaced.

22.              Carrying out of a daily inspection of an aircraft.

23.              Connection and disconnection of optional dual control in an aircraft without the use of any tools for
the purpose of transitioning the aircraft from single to dual, or dual to single, pilot operation.

24.              Inspections or checks set out in the following documents in circumstances where the document
clearly states that the maintenance may be carried out by the pilot of the aircraft and the maintenance does not
require the use of any tools or equipment:

                     (a)  the aircraft's approved maintenance data;

                     (b)  the aircraft's flight manual or an equivalent document;

                     (c)  any instructions issued by the NAA that approved the type certificate for the aircraft.

25.              For an aircraft that is installed with an oxygen system for the exclusive use of ill or injured persons
on an aircraft used to perform ambulance functions--replenishing the oxygen system installed on the aircraft.

What is the definition of a Class B aircraft?

An aircraft that is not a Class A aircraft -

What is the Vne for the C182 and why must it never be exceeded?

181KIAS – Exceeding this speed could potentially cause structural failure due to things like flutter –
out of control oscillations, and engine failure due to an RPM over speed, causing damage to bearings
and other engine parts.

What are the aircraft speeds for the following:

Vno 159KIAS
Vfe 140KIAS 1st ext. White Arc for 20-40 degrees
Va 112KIAS @ 3100lbs
101KIAS @ 2550lbs
89KIAS (@2000lbs)
Vy 88KIAS
Vx 65KIAS
Vglide 80KIAS @ altitude 70KIAS EFATO
Vle 140KIAS
Vlo 140KIAS
Vs 54KIAS (Clean)
50KIAS (Flap Extended PWR OFF)

What are the speed limitations for flap use on the C182?
First Extension at or below 140KIAS
White Arc for further extension (95KIAS – 0)

What are the tyre pressures for the nose and main wheels?

8-14
50psi – nose wheel tyre
68psi – main wheels

What type of engine is fitted to C182?

Avco Lycoming O-540-J3C5D

From the type of engine, can you tell if it is fuel injected or carburettor type?

An I before the O would indicated an injected, opposed engine. We can gather from this that the
C182 engine is a carburettor type engine

What is the rated horsepower of the engine?

235BHP @ 2400RPM

Piston engines with carburettors are susceptible to carburettor icing. Can you describe the
operating and weather conditions where you are at risk of carburettor icing?

Carburettor engines are at high risk of icing due to the evaporation effect they have which cools the
air around it at the intake. It can occur at a very wide range of temperatures, even up to an OAT of 38
degrees, and more likely at partial power settings because of the cooling effect on a partly closed
butterfly. Awareness is key because it is easier to prevent than treat. Most serious between -5
degrees and 15 degrees with 60-100% humidity. Cockpit indications would be an unexplained drop
in MP and eventual engine roughness, apply full throttle and full carb heat until the engine runs
smoothly. Remove carb heat and adjust throttle to desired setting.

What is the total and useable fuel capacity for the C182?

Total Fuel Capacity 92Gal

Useable Fuel Capacity 88Gal

What is the MTOW and MLW for the C182?

MTOW = MLW = 3100lbs

What instruments will be affected if the pitot tube becomes blocked?

The ASI

What instruments will be affected if the vacuum system fails?

Attitude Indicator, Directional Indicator, Suction Gage

How does the cabin heating system work?

Cabin Heat Intake passes through a duct which encases the exhaust. This heats the air and provides a
source of heated air in the cabin. It is wise to have a carbon monoxide detector in the cabin as it is
highly poisonous and is odourless. Any leak in the exhaust pipe could have dire consequences.

Where can you find the emergency procedures for your aircraft?

Section 3 of the POH

What is the electrical system voltage?

28V DC

If the alternator warning light comes on in flight, what does this mean and how would you
manage the remainder of the flight?

Turn off all unnecessary electrical equipment and look to land asap.

Describe how you would respond to an electrical fire in flight

Master, Avionics and all other switched off (minus the igniton)
Close Vents
Extinguish Fire
IF ELECTRICAL POWER IS REQUIRED FOR THE CONTINUATION OF FLIGHT:
Master on
Avionics on
All other switches on one by one with delay between each
Ventilate once ascertained fire is completely extinguished

Describe how you respond to an engine fire in flight

Fuel Off
Mix Off
Ignition Off
Airspeed 100KIAS (or greater to extinguish fire)
Transmit Mayday on 121.5 + squawk 7700
Carry out forced landing

Describe how the retractable landing gear system works and how would you manage a situation
when the landing gear failed to extend?

The retractable landing gear system works using an electrically driven hydraulic power pack located
behind the firewall forward of the pilots rudder pedals. When the lever is actuated in the GEAR UP
or GEAR DOWN position it mechanically rotates a selector valve which applies hydraulic pressure in
the direction of the desired setting. Electrical switches then activate the gear lights.
In the event of an extension failure I would move the gear back up to the GEAR UP position, check
the globes to see if there was any filament damage, check the circuit breaker. Recycle the Gear to the
down position. If this didn’t work I would ensure the landing gear lever was down, then use the
emergency hand-pump to extend the gear and wait for the light to activate confirming the gear was
down and locked. I would then stow the handle and continue on for landing.

How would you manage a situation where the Landing gear failed to retract?

Check the indicator light for normal operation, and recycle from gear down back to gear up (waiting
for the gear down green lights to illuminate). If the light still fails to illuminate, land the aircraft. If
the gear operation is audible after one minute of actuation then pull the gear circuit breaker,
REMEMBER to reset before landing!
Using the POH

What is the difference between max fuel and useable fuel?

Fuel available for the purposes of flight planning = max useable fuel
Fuel remaining in the tanks after a runout test has been completed in accordance with government
regulations = Max Fuel (difference)

What is the maximum baggage load?

200lbs

What weight would the baggage floor have to withstand under maximum G loading when fully
loaded with baggage?

Max G Load +3.8G x 200lbs = 760lbs

What is the difference between ramp and take-off weight?

Ramp weight is the maximum weight applicable to manoeuvring an aircraft on the ground (i.e. taxi
fuel allowance), as opposed to take-off weight which relates to the limit of an aircraft becoming
airborne.

What is the difference between KIAS and KCAS?

KCAS is more accurate as it is KIAS corrected for instrument and position error. Equivalent to
KTAS at sea level on an ISA day.

What are the various Va speeds at different weights?

See above

What is the maximum demonstrated crosswind?

18kts

What is the emergency procedure for EFATO?

Airspeed 70KIAS (flap up) 65KIAS (flap down)

Mix-ICO
Fuel-OFF
Ignition-OFF
Wing Flaps – Full recommended but as required.
Master-OFF

What is the emergency procedure for a cabin fire?

Master OFF
Vents Closed
Extinguish Fire
Ventilate
Land ASAP

How would you manage a low voltage in the electrical system?

This could be a result of low RPM settings, especially on the ground, which will change when higher
RPM settings are applied. In flight with higher RPM settings applied a low voltage indication
(discharge on the ammeter). First attempt would be to reactivate the alternator system, by turning the
avionics MSTR off, checking the alternator circuit breaker is in, then recycling the master. If this
doesn’t solve the problem, appropriate management of electrical systems must occur, i.e. lightening
the electrical load by turning off unnecessary electrical equipment i.e. navaids, secondary radio, gps,
lights (during the day) etc. battery power needs to be conserved for the extension of gear and flaps.

How would you manage a high voltage in the electrical system?

Important to monitor as an excessive rate of charge indicated on the ammeter could result in the
battery overheating. In the 182 there is an alternator control unit which automatically shuts down the
alternator when detecting an output of 31.5V or over. If this system fails, the alternator needs to be
manually turned off, with the circuit breaker being pulled, then unnecessary electrical equipment must
be shut off to conserve battery life – land ASAP.

What are the various landing speeds for the aircraft?

Short Field Approach = Full flap and 64KIAS power off approach (i.e. just prior to the flare).
Flapless = 70-80kts
Normal = 65-75kts
What are the speeds and configurations for flying a PSL?

1st pass: 20 degrees flap 500ft AGL 80KIAS, checking the length of the strip (time x GS/2)
2nd pass: 20 degrees flap 200ft AGL 80KIAS, check the surface, overshoot/undershoot, fly over area
etc.
3rd pass/landing: Before landing checks, Pan-Pan Call, Gear down, Land 65KIAS/Full Flap.

How would you ditch an aircraft in the sea?

Squawk 7700 and transmit mayday of 121.5

Secure all baggage etc.
Gear UP
Flap 20-40
PWR 60KIAS/300fpm
Unlatch cabin doors and open windows to equalise pressure
In high winds/heavy swell land into the wind. In light wind, heavy swells land parallel to the swell
Touchdown Level attitude at established descent
Protect face with a coat or pillow,
Evacuate
Activate lifejackets (AFTER LEAVING THE AIRCRAFT)

How far can the aircraft glide from an altitude of 7000 feet?

POH 3-11

Approximately 12nm in nil wind at best glide speed, no flap or gear.

How would you control the aircraft and land if the elevator control failed?

Trim for 80kts and do not adjust. Control the glide angle using power. At the flare as power comes
off, trim to the full nose up attitude.

What is the stall speed for the aircraft when banked at 60 degrees?
54x1.4 = 76KIAS

Make a simple sketch of the electrical system to illustrate broadly how it works

Make a simple sketch of the fuel system to illustrate broadly how it works

CPL Ground Workup 7

Prepare a passenger brief to demonstrate to your instructor at your next lesson/nav

S Seats - Baggage
Smoking - NO
Seats - Adjustment
Seatbelts fastened for taxi, take-off & landing
A Air Vents - Operation
Action in case of passenger discomfort – Sick Bags,
Aircraft control manipulation
F Fire Extinguishers – Location + Awareness
E Emergency Exit Doors – Door ajar in case of engine failure
Emergency Evacuation Plan
Emergency/Survival Kit
Equipment – Life Jackets if applicable
T Traffic – Scanning, Spotting, Notifying Pilot
Talking – Sterile Cockpit Takeoff|Landing|Radio Calls
Y Your Questions

Does your aircraft have any inoperative pieces of equipment?

How are inoperative pieces of equipment required to be labelled or removed?

What is the minimum equipment list? Does the aircraft have one?

When does the MR release for the aircraft you are flying expire?

When you obtain a PPL are you permitted to carry out the daily inspection and sign the MR?

CAR 42ZC
Yes, as a license holder (except for a student pilot license holder) I may carry out the daily inspection
and sign the MR

What is the operational category of the C182?

When is the next scheduled maintenance required?

Do you require a weather forecast for the flight today?

Yes

What are the validity requirements for an ARFOR and TAF, when you are flight planning?
Forecast must cover the period od the flight and the aerodrome forecasts for the destination and
alternate aerodromes to be nominated in the flight plan, are valid for a period of not less than 30
minutes before and 60 minutes after the planned ETA.

Can you depart for an aerodrome without having a weather report for your destination?

The minimum requirement is an area forecast (for a flight to a destination for which a prescribed
instrument approach procedure does not exist, the minimum requirement is an area forecast).

What does within the vicinity of a non-controlled aerodrome mean?

Within a 10nm arc of the aerodrome

How long is a TTF usually valid for?

AIP GEN 3.6-3.6.2

Usually valid for three hours commencing at the time of observation.

If your ETA falls within the validity period of the TAF and TTF, which should you use?

The TTF supersedes the TAF for its validity period and is the current forecast for pilots of aircraft
whose arrival time falls within the validity period.

When would a SPECI be issued?

GEN 3.5-4.3
When aerodrome weather reports fluctuate about or are below specified criteria.
Ie. BKN or OVC cloud covering the celectial dome below an aerodromes highest alternate minimum
cloud base or 1500ft, which is higher, or,
When the VIZ is below an aerodromes highest alternate minimum viz or 5000m, which is greater.
Also when mean wind direction changed by 30 degrees or more, the mean speed before or after tha
change being 20kt or more. When thunderstorm, hailstorm, mixed snow, freezing precip etc. Any
phenomena significant to aircraft operation.

What do the abbreviations FM, BECMG and PROB% mean?

FM & BECMG = From and Becoming indicating a significant change from the preceding
information that are more lasting in nature. FM indicates rapid change. BECMG is only used in TAF
and is used when changed are expected to develop at a regular or irregular rate during a specified time
period

The forecast cloud base in an ARFOR is shown as height above what?

Height AMSL

What does CAVOK mean?

Visibility greater than 10km

Nil significant cloud up to 5000ft AMSL
How do you interpret TAF temperature and QNH forecasts?

Look at the validity period (12 hours). The time interval is broken up into quarter, the four forecast
are predictions for the beginning of each quarter period.

What type of information is contained in the NOTAMS

Information of activation of restricted areas, additional aerodrome information such as changes to

operational procedures, availability of nav-aids, obstacles etc.

Are there any NOTAMS affecting our flight today?

On the day

Where would you find information relating to special procedures for aerodromes?

Refer to the ERSA and NOTAMS to confirm

Are the forecast conditions for today suitable for the flight?

On the day