Computer Memories / Storage Devices

o Main Memory/Primary Memory

Cache Memory

 Random Access Memory (RAM) :-

 This memory ………………….. stores data.
 The data stored in RAM will be deleted when the computer is switched
off.
 Therefore this is also called ………………..… memory.
 Read Only Memory (ROM)
 The data in Read Only Memory is not erased when the computer is
switched off.
 Therefore it is a ……………………. Memory.
 The commands required for booting up a computer are stored in ROM.
 Cache Memory
 This is ……………… in capacity than other memory, it is faster.
 also called …………….. Memory

o Secondary Memory

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  Magnetic media devices:
o Hard Disk
 Used to store data and information, is located inside the computer.
 Hard Disk is made of several components.
1. Platter - data can stored on both sides
2. Spindle - Holds the platter and rotates it.
3. Head - Reads the magnetic data in the platter and writes on the platter
4. Actuator arm - Enables reading and writing data
5. Power connector
6. IDE connector - Transmits data to the platter
7. Actuator - An electronic device which moves the arm connected to it

o Magnetic Tape
 it is slow in reading and writing

 Optical media devices

Device Capacity
Compact Disc – CD
 CD-ROM – Read Only Memory
 CD-R – Have data written to them once (Write Once) ……………………….
 CD-RW – Data can be written to them many times (Re-Write)
and Disc can be erasable

Digital Versatile Disc- DVD

 DVD-ROM – Read Only Memory
 DVD-R – Have data written to them once (Write Once) ………………………….
 DVD-RW – Data can be written to them many times (Re-
Write) and Disc can be erasable

Blue ray Disc - Used to store of video in high-definition

 Blu - ray (BD) R - Have data written to them once ………………………….

 Blu - ray RE - Data can be written to them many times and
Disc can be erasable
 Blu - ray 3D – Used to record 3D Videos

 Solid state devices

 USB Flash Drive
o Its easy portability and the ability to read and write data fast.

 Memory Card
o E.g. - SD Card (Secure Digital Card)

 SSD – Solid State Hard drive

Q. Write advantages and disadvantages of Magnetic media, Optical media and Solid state media.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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 Computer Ports

துறை பயன்பாடு
1. PS/2 Port  Used to connect the PS/2 keyboard and the mouse
Purple port – ………………….
Green port – ………………………..
 However, USB port is mostly used today
2. Parallel Port  Used to connect the printer, This consists of ………… holes
 However, USB port is mostly used today

3. HDMI  It connects the ……………….., multimedia projector,

(High – Definition ……………………, and digital speakers to the computer.
Multimedia Interface) port

4. RJ 45 Port  Connects computer of a computer network to the network router,

network switch.

5. Audio Ports/ Jacks
6. USB (Universal Serial
Bus Port)
 connects audio media like microphones, speakers and head phones
Blue – …………………………….
Green – ……………………………
Pink – ……………………………..
 used to connect many types of input and output devices
 New Technology / Version of USB (USB 3.0 / 3.1 / USB 3.2)

7. Video port - VGA  Also called the Graphic Port.

(Video Graphics Adaptor)  connects the ……………………., or multimedia projector
 port consists of ……………… holes

8. Serial Port  connects devices such as modem to the computer

 However, USB port is mostly used today

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 Data Communication
01. What is Data Communication?

 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
02. What are the basic component required for data communication?
 Sender / Source – ………………………………………………………………………
 Medium – ………………………………………………………………………………
 Receiver/ destination – …………………………………………………………………

03. Explain the modes of transmission with the examples?

1) Simplex Mode

 Data is transmitted from the sender to the receiver only.

E.g. ……………………………………………………………………………..
2) Half- duplex Mode

 Data is transmitted to one direction at a time.

E.g. ……………………………………………………………………………..
3) Full Duplex Mode

 Data is transmitted to both sides at the same time is called Full duplex.

E.g. ……………………………………………………………………………..

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 Data Transmission Media

There are two types of data transmission medium.

1. Guided / Wired –
 Twisted Pair - There are two types.
o Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) – …………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

o Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) - ……………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

 Coaxial Cable - used for TV antenna and CCTV.

 Fiber Optics cable -
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Unguided/Wireless Media –

 Radio waves - …………………………………………….

 Microwaves – …………………………………………….
 Infrared – ………………………………………………..

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 Computer network devices

01. List out the Connection devices used to connect computers with each other?
 …………………..
 …………………..
 …………………..
 ………………….
 Hub
 Network Interface Card
02. Describe the function of the Router?
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
03. Describe the function of the Firewall?
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
04. Describe the function of the Modem? And List out the types of modem?
o ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Types: 1. Internal Modem
2. External Modem
3. Wireless Modem
03. Differentiate the Switch and Hub?
Hub Switch
1. data transmission speed is slow data transmission speed is fast
2. …………………………………………. ………………………………………….
……………………………………………. …………………………………………….
3. uses half duplex mode uses full duplex mode

04. Differentiate the Client and Server Computer?

o …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
o ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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 Types of Computer Network

1. Classified the Computer Network?

o Local Area Network (LAN) :

o A LAN connects computers inside a room or several rooms in a building.
E.g. ………………………………………………………………………………………….
o Metropolitan Area Network - (MAN)
o MAN is a combination of several Local Area Networks

E.g. ………………………………………………………………………………………..

o Wide Area Network – WAN

o These networks cover a wide area.
o This can be within or outside a country

E.g. ………………………………………………………………………………………….

Network Topology

01. Eexplain what is Network topologies and why we use?

o …………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

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01. List out and briefly explain the Network topologies?
STAR TOPOLOGY RING TOPOLOGY BUS TOPOLOGY

TREE TOPOLOGY MESH TOPOLOGY

o This is a commonly used design

Star o Computers are connected to a central device as switch/hub.
o Computers are positioned in a ring/bangle and connected through
cables.
Ring o The breakdown of a computer or cable can lead to the failure of the
entire network.
o All the nodes are connected through a main cable (Backbone).
Bus o If any issue with the main cable affects all the computers in the
network.
Tree o In this design several star topologies are connected to a bus
backbone cable.

o All the computers in the network are connected with each other.
o A failure of one computer does not affect the connections in
Mesh the network.

03. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of network topology?

Topology advantages disadvantages
Bus Takes less Cables (Cheaper) Break in the main cable, Network is
down and
Limited computers can be connected
Mesh Break in the cable, Network still works Expensive and complex
Ring Easy to install Expensive parts
Star Commonly used, Easy to install and More Expensive than bus
Break in the cable, Network still works
Tree Ability to control each network More difficult to configure
individually

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 04. List out the benefits of Networking?
o Sharing data & Information between computers
o Save Space and eliminates duplicates
o Ability to share resources (E.g. Printer, Scanner)
o Ability to control central software
o Ability to connect at anytime and anywhere
o Security
o E-mail

05. List out the disadvantages of Networking?

o Possible security issues o Computer failure
o Breakdown of Network o Training required
o Virus

04. On a …………………………., all of the computers and devices (nodes) on the network connect
to a central device?
05. On a star network, the central device that provides a common connection point for nodes on the
network is called the………………..
06. On a bus network, such as that illustrated in the accompanying figure, if one node fails ………….
07. Hub is associated with ………………… network.
08. What type of resource is most likely to be a shared common resource in a computer network?
A) Printers B) Speakers C) Floppy Disk Drives D) Keyboards
09. A device that connects to a network without the use of cables is said to be:
A) Distributed B) cabled C) centralized D) wireless
10. Which of the following items is not used in Local Area Networks (L A Ns)
A) Interfaced card B) Cable C) Computer D) Modem
11. An alternate name for the completely interconnected network topology is:
A) Mesh B) star C) tree D) ring

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