Introduction :

Waste water is unsanitary water and contains various substances that can endanger the lives of humans
and other living creatures and usually arises because of the results of human activities (Risdianto 2007).

wastewater can be grouped into three types namely physical properties, chemical properties, and
biological properties.

Physical :

The physical properties of wastewater are solid substances, clarity, color, odor, and temperature. One of
the factors that influence physical properties is turbidity or turbidity. Turbidity in water is caused by
suspended substances such as mud, plankton, and organic substances.

Chemical :

Chemical properties of wastewater can be known by the presence of chemicals in wastewater. The
chemicals contained in wastewater are organic and inorganic materials. Organic matter in waste
contains about 40% -60% protein, 25% -50% carbohydrate and 10% fat.

Biologis:

Organic matter in wastewater is mostly easily decomposed and is a food source for microbes. Inorganic
substances in wastewater are sulfur, toxic substances, phosphorus, methane, and nitrogen. The
biological nature of wastewater needs to be known to estimate the level of waste water impurities
before being discharged into water bodies.

Industrial Wastewater Treatment Parameters

There are three main parameters in industrial wastewater treatment :

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is the amount of dissolved oxygen in water that comes from photosynthesis and
atmospheric absorption

Biologycal Oxygen Demand (BOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by organisms to break
down or oxidize organic matter in water

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is the need for chemical oxygen for oxidation reactions to waste
material in water.
Process of wastewater treatment

Due to the nature of contaminants in wastewater—physical, chemical and biological, the a

unit operations and processes in wastewater treatment can also be categorized as such. The

units operations and processes in Waste-water treatment are summarized as follows

(Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), 2003):

Physical unit operations

• Screening

• Comminution

• Flow equalization

• Sedimentation

• Flotation

• Granular-medium filtration

Chemical unit operations

• Chemical precipitation

• Adsorption

• Disinfection

• Dechlorination

• Other chemical applications

Biological unit operations

• Activated sludge process

• Aerated lagoon

• Trickling filters

• Rotating biological contactors

• Pond stabilization
• Anaerobic digestion

Flocculation Coagulation

Coagulation flocculation is one of the chemical processes used to remove contaminants that are
suspended or in the form of colloids. Coagulation is the process of destabilizing the colloidal load of
suspended solids with a coagulant to form precipitated fine flocks. Flocculation is a grouping /
agglomeration between particles and coagulants using a slow stirring process.