Table 6: Multidimensional Poverty Index: developing countries

SDG 1.2 SDG 1.1

Population living below income

Contribution of deprivation in
Multidimensional Poverty Index a
Population in multidimensional poverty a
Population
a
Population in
a a
poverty line
dimension to overall poverty
vulnerable to severe (%)
multidimensio multidimensio
Number of
Intensity of Number of nal poverty nal poverty National PPP $1.90
Year and survey b
Index Headcount poor (year of (%)
deprivation poor (2016) poverty line a day
the survey)
Standard
Country 2006-2017 Value (%) (%) (thousands) (thousands) (%) (%) Health Education 2006-2017 c
2006-2016 c
of living
Afghanistan 2015/2016 D 0.273 d
56.10 d
48.72 d
19,442 d
19,442 d
18.01 d
25.13 d
10.38 d
44.78 d
44.84 d
35.80
Albania 2008/2009 D 0.008 2.03 37.81 60 60 7.30 0.16 33.05 29.94 37.01 14.30 1.10
Algeria 2012/2013 M 0.008 2.11 38.80 811 858 5.90 0.28 30.25 46.64 23.10 5.50 0.50
Angola 2015/2016 D 0.283 51.17 55.26 14,743 14,743 15.49 32.46 21.21 32.02 46.78 36.60 30.10
Armenia 2015/2016 D 0.001 0.19 36.21 5 5 2.73 0.00 33.11 36.77 30.11 29.40 1.80
Azerbaijan 2006 D 0.019 4.90 38.40 423 477 12.16 0.52 38.98 29.15 31.87 6.00
Bangladesh 2014 D 0.194 41.07 47.33 65,460 66,916 21.54 16.21 22.92 29.59 47.49 24.30 14.80
Barbados 2012 M 0.009 e
2.49 e
34.23 e
7 e
7 e
0.49 e
0.00 e
96.05 e
0.66 e
3.29 e

Belize 2015/2016 M 0.017 4.35 39.81 16 16 8.47 0.65 39.63 21.14 39.22
Benin 2014 M 0.346 63.24 54.75 6,505 6,875 16.07 38.05 21.06 35.41 43.54 40.10 49.60
Bhutan 2010 M 0.175 f
37.34 f
46.83 f
272 f
298 f
17.68 f
14.68 f
24.23 f
36.60 f
39.17 f
12.00 2.20
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 2008 D 0.094 20.45 45.97 1,963 2,227 15.65 7.11 21.72 26.54 51.73 39.50 7.10
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2011/2012 M 0.008 e
2.19 e
37.93 e
80 e
77 e
4.07 e
0.06 e
79.66 e
7.22 e
13.12 e
16.90 0.20
Brazil 2015 N g
0.016 d,f
3.842 d,f
42.546 d,f
7,913 d,f
7,978 d,f
6.21 d,f
0.939 d,f
49.76 d,f
22.90 d,f
27.33 d,f
8.70 3.40
Burkina Faso 2010 D 0.520 84.01 61.92 13,110 15,665 7.27 64.84 20.15 40.55 39.30 40.10 43.70
Burundi 2016/2017 D 0.404 74.33 54.34 8,075 7,823 16.23 45.37 23.36 27.44 49.20 64.90 71.70
Cambodia 2014 D 0.158 34.89 45.28 5,328 5,499 21.05 12.03 20.66 33.24 46.10 17.70
Cameroon 2014 M 0.244 45.40 53.69 10,097 10,641 17.32 25.81 23.50 28.08 48.43 37.50 23.80
Central African Republic 2010 M 0.465 f
79.36 f
58.58 f
3,530 f
3,646 f
13.12 f
54.72 f
27.80 f
25.74 f
46.46 f
62.00 66.30
Chad 2014/2015 D 0.535 85.86 62.28 12,029 12,409 9.75 66.16 20.22 34.33 45.45 46.70 38.40
China 2014 N h
0.017 i.j
4.02 i,j
41.38 i,j
55,825 i,j
56,363 i,j
17.98 i,j
0.35 i,j
36.13 i,j
38.37 i,j
25.50 i,j
3.10 1.40
Colombia 2015/2016 D 0.021 d
5.03 d
40.77 d
2,448 d
2,448 d
6.18 d
0.90 d
15.11 d
37.92 d
46.97 d
28.00 4.50
Comoros 2012 D/M 0.181 37.37 48.54 270 297 22.21 16.21 20.91 31.51 47.58 42.00 18.10
Congo 2011/2012 D 0.185 40.42 45.71 1,873 2,072 25.71 15.49 27.17 13.24 59.59 46.50 37.00
Congo (Democratic Republic of th 2013/2014 D 0.378 72.46 52.18 53,417 57,050 17.69 42.24 24.99 18.86 56.15 63.90 77.10
Côte d'Ivoire 2016 M 0.236 46.11 51.22 10,926 10,926 17.57 24.51 19.69 40.35 39.96 46.30 28.20
Djibouti 2006 M 0.170 f
34.63 f
48.99 f
276 f
326 f
18.50 f
15.68 f
26.36 f
36.36 f
37.29 f
23.00 22.50
Dominican Republic 2014 M 0.016 d
4.15 d
38.85 d
431 d
441 d
5.19 d
0.49 d
33.00 d
33.94 d
33.07 d
30.50 1.60
Ecuador 2013/2014 N 0.018 f
4.49 f
39.99 f
714 f
736 f
7.55 f
0.83 f
40.83 f
23.42 f
35.75 f
21.50 3.60
Egypt 2014 D 0.020 k
5.22 k
37.58 k
4,790 k
4,992 k
6.08 k
0.58 k
40.27 k
52.81 k
6.92 k
27.80 1.30
El Salvador 2014 M 0.033 7.95 41.30 499 504 9.94 1.69 15.93 43.19 40.88 38.20 2.20
Eswatini (Kingdom of) 2014 M 0.083 19.59 42.35 254 263 20.92 4.43 29.85 17.52 52.62 63.00 42.00
Ethiopia 2016 D 0.490 83.82 58.46 85,834 85,834 8.71 61.84 19.97 29.24 50.79 29.60 26.70
Gabon 2012 D 0.067 15.04 44.34 264 298 17.63 4.81 31.52 22.14 46.35
Gambia 2013 D 0.286 55.29 51.81 1,028 1,127 21.76 32.04 28.29 34.29 37.42 48.40 10.10
Ghana 2014 D 0.132 28.92 45.48 7,798 8,158 21.41 9.60 20.41 31.78 47.81 24.20 12.00
Guatemala 2014/2015 D 0.134 29.07 46.25 4,725 4,821 21.09 11.29 26.63 34.83 38.54 59.30 8.70
Guinea 2016 M 0.337 61.95 54.45 7,679 7,679 17.14 38.12 18.92 38.58 42.49 55.20 35.30
Guinea-Bissau 2014 M 0.373 67.42 55.36 1,163 1,224 19.06 40.47 21.44 33.87 44.69 69.30 67.10
Guyana 2014 M 0.014 3.37 41.88 26 26 5.87 0.69 31.63 18.65 49.72
Haiti 2012 D 0.231 47.60 48.58 4,897 5,163 20.41 22.52 15.84 27.89 56.27 58.50 23.50
Honduras 2011/2012 D 0.090 l
19.49 l
46.39 l
1,658 l
1,776 l
22.18 l
6.60 l
18.85 l
32.92 l
48.23 l
60.90 16.00
India 2015/2016 D 0.121 27.51 43.90 364,225 364,225 19.12 8.59 31.63 23.59 44.79 21.90 21.20
Indonesia 2012 D 0.029 d
7.25 d
40.46 d
18,036 d
18,922 d
9.10 d
1.24 d
25.27 d
29.13 d
45.61 d
10.60 6.50
Iraq 2011 M 0.059 14.66 40.00 4,650 5,453 7.90 3.00 36.22 51.67 12.11 18.90 2.50
Jamaica 2014 N 0.018 e
4.69 e
38.73 e
134 e
135 e
6.41 e
0.81 e
42.09 e
17.52 e
40.38 e
19.90
Jordan 2012 D 0.005 1.30 35.50 104 123 0.95 0.09 60.68 35.94 3.38 14.40 0.10
Kazakhstan 2015 M 0.002 f
0.45 f
35.56 f
80 f
81 f
1.78 f
0.00 f
90.44 f
3.11 f
6.44 f
2.70 0.00
Kenya 2014 D 0.179 38.87 46.02 17,890 18,837 34.72 13.45 25.08 14.54 60.38 36.10
Kyrgyzstan 2014 M 0.008 2.29 36.31 132 136 8.34 0.04 52.78 12.92 34.30 25.40 1.40
Lao People's Democratic Republic2011/2012 M/D 0.211 40.49 52.16 2,598 2,737 18.71 22.00 21.23 37.81 40.96 23.40 22.70
Lesotho 2014 D 0.146 33.64 43.45 722 741 24.48 8.60 20.69 21.47 57.84 57.10 59.60
Liberia 2013 D 0.331 64.90 50.94 2,782 2,994 20.39 33.15 21.01 27.43 51.56 54.10 38.60
Libya 2014 P 0.007 1.97 37.05 122 124 11.30 0.08 38.94 48.51 12.55
Madagascar 2008/2009 D 0.453 77.79 58.24 16,001 19,366 11.78 57.25 17.56 31.74 50.70 70.70 77.60
Malawi 2015/2016 D 0.244 52.73 46.21 9,539 9,539 28.36 18.51 20.77 23.06 56.17 50.70 71.40
Maldives 2009 D 0.007 1.88 36.61 7 8 5.31 0.07 55.42 32.52 12.06 15.70 7.30
Mali 2015 M 0.457 78.11 58.52 13,644 14,056 10.85 56.67 22.07 41.60 36.32 43.60 49.70
Mauritania 2015 M 0.261 50.60 51.59 2,116 2,176 18.56 26.44 20.31 33.09 46.60 31.00 6.00
Mexico 2016 N 0.025 e
6.32 e
39.22 e
8,061 e
8,061 e
4.74 e
1.02 e
67.09 e
14.11 e
18.80 e
43.60 2.50
Moldova (Republic of) 2012 M 0.004 0.94 37.45 38 38 3.63 0.06 9.18 42.38 48.44 9.60 0.20
Mongolia 2013 M 0.043 10.24 41.64 294 310 19.14 1.58 24.16 20.78 55.06 21.60 0.50
Montenegro 2013 M 0.002 f
0.38 f
45.70 f
2 f
2 f
4.27 f
0.14 f
24.37 f
45.95 f
29.67 f
8.60 0.00
Morocco 2011 P 0.085 f
18.57 f
45.68 f
6,101 f
6,550 f
13.15 f
6.49 f
25.62 f
42.08 f
32.30 f
8.90 3.10
Mozambique 2011 D 0.412 72.54 56.75 18,091 20,913 13.54 49.24 17.35 32.44 50.21 46.10 62.90
Myanmar 2015/2016 D 0.176 38.35 45.92 20,280 20,280 21.90 13.89 18.57 32.24 49.19 32.10 6.40
Namibia 2013 D 0.183 40.59 45.07 940 1,007 19.25 12.88 31.52 13.96 54.52 28.70 22.60
Nepal 2016 D 0.154 35.25 43.58 10,217 10,217 24.33 11.99 32.26 26.46 41.28 25.20 15.00
Nicaragua 2011/2012 D 0.074 16.30 45.19 958 1,003 13.24 5.51 11.24 36.38 52.38 24.90 3.20
Niger 2012 D 0.591 90.59 65.29 16,062 18,727 4.99 74.88 20.40 37.24 42.36 44.50 44.50
Nigeria 2016/2017 M 0.294 51.95 56.68 99,166 96,623 16.86 32.67 27.09 32.20 40.71 46.00 53.50
Pakistan 2012/2013 D 0.228 43.88 52.04 79,731 84,773 14.53 24.74 28.67 38.53 32.80 29.50 6.10
Palestine, State of 2014 M 0.004 0.99 37.59 45 47 5.42 0.07 54.41 31.64 13.96 25.80 0.20
Paraguay 2016 M 0.019 4.57 41.96 308 308 7.31 1.02 15.16 38.25 46.58 28.90 1.70
Peru 2012 D 0.052 12.45 41.46 3,753 3,954 12.46 2.72 19.55 24.08 56.37 20.70 3.50
Philippines 2013 D 0.038 d,m
7.41 d,m
51.78 d,m
7,294 d,m
7,653 d,m
9.33 d,m
4.74 d,m
22.24 d,m
38.51 d,m
39.25 d,m
21.60 8.30
Rwanda 2014/2015 D 0.266 55.84 47.65 6,494 6,655 24.93 22.95 14.78 29.69 55.53 39.10 59.50
Saint Lucia 2012 M 0.007 e
1.92 e
37.49 e
3 e
3 e
1.64 e
0.00 e
69.48 e
7.53 e
23.00 e

Sao Tome and Principe 2014 M 0.092 22.12 41.70 42 44 19.36 4.40 18.70 37.32 43.99 66.20 32.30
Senegal 2016 D 0.293 54.43 53.92 8,389 8,389 17.21 32.05 21.42 45.60 32.98 46.70 38.00
Serbia 2014 M 0.001 f
0.34 f
42.47 f
30 f
30 f
3.40 f
0.10 f
20.57 f
42.67 f
36.76 f
25.50 0.10
Sierra Leone 2013 D 0.422 76.49 55.16 5,295 5,657 14.37 48.41 23.32 27.66 49.02 52.90 52.20
Somalia 2006 M 0.518 82.22 62.95 8,813 11,773 8.72 67.47 17.33 34.94 47.72
South Africa 2014/2015 N n
0.032 8.22 39.27 4,544 4,604 14.01 1.12 54.52 11.11 34.37 55.50 18.90
South Sudan 2010 M 0.581 91.92 63.20 9,253 11,242 6.30 74.47 14.08 39.51 46.41 50.60 42.70
Sudan 2014 M 0.280 52.40 53.41 19,773 20,738 17.65 30.89 21.12 29.12 49.76 46.50 14.90
Suriname 2010 M 0.041 e
9.38 e
43.40 e
49 e
52 e
4.47 e
2.51 e
45.72 e
25.51 e
28.77 e

Syrian Arab Republic 2009 P 0.029 f

7.39 f
38.93 f
1,539 f
1,362 f
7.75 f
1.23 f
40.74 f
49.02 f
10.24 f
35.20
Tajikistan 2012 D 0.049 12.11 40.36 968 1,058 25.44 2.32 44.58 22.38 33.04 31.30 4.80
Tanzania (United Republic of) 2015/2016 D 0.275 55.63 49.37 30,915 30,915 24.10 26.13 21.33 22.83 55.84 28.20 49.10
Thailand 2015/2016 M 0.003 f
0.79 f
39.09 f
543 f
543 f
7.23 f
0.13 f
35.11 f
47.36 f
17.53 f
10.50 0.00
The former Yugoslav Republic of 2011 M 0.010 e
2.53 e
37.74 e
52 e
53 e
2.86 e
0.24 e
62.49 e
16.99 e
20.52 e
21.50 5.00
Timor-Leste 2016 D 0.211 46.05 45.79 584 584 25.95 16.49 28.10 24.09 47.80 41.80 30.30
Togo 2013/2014 D 0.250 48.37 51.65 3,496 3,679 21.81 24.41 21.84 28.25 49.91 55.10 49.20
Trinidad and Tobago 2011 M 0.002 f
0.64 f
37.98 f
8 f
9 f
3.68 f
0.10 f
45.49 f
34.03 f
20.48 f

Tunisia 2011/2012 M 0.005 1.32 39.69 144 151 3.75 0.19 25.72 50.23 24.06 15.20 2.00
Turkmenistan 2015/2016 M 0.001 0.40 36.08 23 23 2.49 0.00 87.97 4.41 7.62
Uganda 2016 D 0.279 56.76 49.14 23,549 23,549 23.92 25.42 23.74 21.72 54.54 19.70 35.90
Ukraine 2012 M 0.001 d
0.24 d
34.48 d
109 d
107 d
0.42 d
0.00 d
59.82 d
28.73 d
11.45 d
3.80 0.10
Uzbekistan 2006 M 0.016 f
4.38 f
37.25 f
1,178 f
1,377 f
10.14 f
0.32 f
67.77 f
11.89 f
20.34 f
14.10
Vanuatu 2007 M 0.174 f
38.76 f
44.86 f
85 f
105 f
32.30 f
10.16 f
21.35 f
22.46 f
56.19 f
12.70 13.20
Viet Nam 2014 M 0.020 d
5.00 d
39.49 d
4,623 d
4,724 d
5.62 d
0.74 d
16.61 d
41.78 d
41.61 d
9.80 2.60
Yemen 2013 D 0.241 47.77 50.48 12,219 13,178 22.06 23.90 28.38 30.71 40.91 48.60 18.80
Zambia 2013/2014 D 0.262 53.38 49.13 8,338 8,856 22.40 24.35 23.89 22.46 53.65 54.40 57.50
Zimbabwe 2015 D 0.149 34.69 42.92 5,473 5,602 26.27 8.76 29.21 11.41 59.38 72.30 21.40

Notes
a. Not all indicators were available for all countries, so caution should be used in cross-country comparisons. Where an indicator is missing, weights of available indicators are adjusted to total 100 percent. See Technical note 5 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf for details.
b. D indicates data from Demographic and Health Surveys, M from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, P from Pan Arab Population and Family Health Survey and N from national surveys (see http://hdr.undp.org/en/faq-page/multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi for the list of national surveys).
c. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
d. Missing indicator on nutrition.
e. Missing indicator on child mortality.
f. Child death that occurred anytime was considered, because date of child’s death was not collected.
g. Methodology was adjusted to account for missing nutrition and incomplete mortality indicator (date of child's death was not collected).
h. MPI computations based on the version of data accessed on 7 June 2016.
i. Missing indicator on housing.
j. Given the information available in the data, child mortality was constructed using deaths that occurred between survey collections, i.e. between the period 2012-2014. Deaths reported by men were taken into account because there is information about date of death.
k. Missing indicator on cooking fuel.
l. Missing indicator on electricity.
m. Missing indicator on school attendance.
n. Child mortality reported by mothers of ages 15 and above was considered. If child mortality was considered only when reported by mothers of ages 15 to 49, the value of MPI would be 0.021 with the headcount ratio of 5.59 percent and the intensity of deprivation of 38.4 percent. For details see https://ophi.org.uk/multidimensional-poverty-index/global-mpi-2018/

Definitions
Multidimensional Poverty Index: Percentage of the population that is multidimensionally poor adjusted by the intensity of the deprivations. See Technical note 5 at http:// hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2018_technical_ notes.pdf for details on how the Multidimensional Poverty Index is calculated.
Multidimensional poverty headcount: Percentage of the population with a deprivation score of at least 33 percent. It is also expressed in thousands of the population in the survey year and projected to 2016.
Intensity of deprivation of multidimensional poverty: Average deprivation score experienced by people in multidimensional poverty.
Population vulnerable to multidimensional poverty: Percentage of the population at risk of suffering multiple deprivations—that is, those with a deprivation score of 20–33 percent.
Population in severe multidimensional poverty: Percentage of the population in severe multidimensional poverty—that is, those with a deprivation score of 50 percent or more.
Contribution of deprivation to overall poverty: Percentage of the Multidimensional Poverty Index attributed to deprivations in each dimension.
Population below national poverty line: Percentage of the population living below the national poverty line, which is the poverty line deemed appropriate for a country by its authorities. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys.
Population below PPP $1.90 a day: Percentage of the population living below the international poverty line $1.90 (in purchasing power parity terms) a day.

Main data sources

Column 1: Refers to the year and the survey whose data were used to calculate the country's multidimensional poverty index and its components.
Columns 2-11: HDRO calculations based on data on household deprivations in education, health and living standards from various household surveys listed in column 1 using a revised methodology described in Technical note 5 (available at at http:// hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2018_technical_ notes.pdf).
Columns 12 and 13: World Bank (2018b). World Development Indicators database. Washington, DC. Http://data.worldbank.org. Accessed 28 July 2018.