4.

1
a,
The sliding-IF architecture may incorporate greater divide ratios in the generation
of the second Lo from the first. For example, a ÷ 4 circuit produces quadrature
1
outputs at 4 fLO1, leading to the following relationship

1
fLO1 + 4 fLO1 = fin

and hence
4
1. fLO1 = 5 fin

Thus, as fin varies from f1 to f2 ,the LO must cover a range of [(4/5) f1 ;

(4/5) f2 ]
b,
1
fLO1 + 4 fLO1 = fin

The image band spans the range[(3/5) f1 ; (3/5) f2 ]

2.

Bài 4.3:
In the ÷2 circuit the 11g band frequency of the Local Oscillator (LO) is determined
as follows:
2
fLO1 = 3 fin1
2
 = 3 (f1+ Δf /2)

For the second input frequency fin2= (f1 + 3 Δf /2) the local oscillator frequency
fLO2 is calculated as follows:

2
fLO2 = 3 fin2
2 3 Δf
 = 3 (f1 + 2 )

So, the Local Oscillator frequency fLO increases as per the given below
calculations:
2 3 Δf 2 Δf
fLO2 – fLO1 = 3 ( f1+ 2 ) - 3 (f1+ 2 )
2 2 3 Δf 2 Δf
= 3 f 1 + 3 ( 2 ) - 3 (2)
2
= 3 ( )
Δf

2
This increment of 3 ( Δf ) leads to mixing spurs. The down conversion of the
asymmetrically modulated signal in presence of a zero IF leads to self- corruption
due to the presence of the mixing spurs ( Δf ) in the harmonics.
4.4
a, Determine the required LO frequency range.
The frequency equation from the schematic.
1
fLO1 + 4 fLO1 = fin
5
 4 fLO1= fin
4
 fLO1 = 5 fin
b, Determine the image frequency range.
fin = fin - fLO1
4
 = fin - 5 fin
1
 = 5 fin

4.5
The mixing spurs in the sliding If archietecture shown in Figure is an fllows:
4
1. The Local oscillator frequency fLO increases in steps of 5 ( Δf )

The down conversion of the asymmetrically modulated signal in presence of a

zero If leads tp self- corruption due to the presence of the mixing spurs in the
harmonics.
 2.Moreover the frequency diffirence between the image and the signal is
reduced.This makes the image rejection mor difficult. This leads to some
mixing spurs

Bài 4.6

a, Determine the image band.

The frequency equation from the schematic.
1
fLO1 + 8 fLO1 = fin
9
 8 fLO1= fin
8
 fLO1 = 9 fin
That is, for an input band spanning in the range [f1,f2] , the Local Oscillator (LO)
8 8
must cover a range of [ 9 f1, 9 f2]

Moreover, the first IF in this architecture is not constant because,

fIF1 = fin – fLO
8
 = fin - 9 fin
1
= 9 fin
 1 1
Therefore,as fin varies from f1 to f2, fin goes from 9 f1 to 9 f2 . For this reason, this
topology is called the “sliding-IF architecture”.
1 1
Thus, the image band spans in the range [ 9 f1, 9 f2]