Cambridge International A Level Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Answers to EOC questions

Chapter 17 Oil reduces the frictional force, so the car
carries on in a wider arc. (The frictional force
1 a
The angle subtended at the centre of a circle is not enough to push the car around the
by an arc equal in length to the radius. [1] desired curve.) [1]
(accept: a radian = length of arc )
radius 6 a Weight acting vertically downwards, lift force
2π
b angular velocity = 15 [1] perpendicular to the aeroplane wings. [2]
= 0.42 rad s–1[1] b (lift = L, angle with horizontal = θ)
vertically: L sin θ = mg 2 [1]
2 a At the position shown, the weight of the mv  
horizontally: L cos θ = r  [1]
truck.[1] 2 (80 × 9.8)
v  So tan θ = 2 = 0.139 [1]
b acceleration of truck = g = r [1] 75
θ = 7.9° [1]
v2 = rg = 4.0 × 9.8 = 39.2 m2 s–2[1]
v = 6.3 m s–1[1] 7 a Angle covered per unit time [1]
Angle in radians [1]
3 a Centripetal force is the net force acting on 0.200 × 9.81
b i T cos θ = mg leading to T = cos 56° [1]
an object describing a circle – it is directed
= 3.5 N [1]
towards the centre of the circle. [1]
distance 2 × π × 0.15 ii Centripetal force = T sin θ
b i speed = time so speed = 3.0 [1]
= 3.5 sin 56° = 2.9 N [1]
distance = 0.314 m s–1[1]
2
Substituting in F = mω r leads to
time
2
mv   0.314
2 2.9
ω2 = 0.200 × 0.40 = 36.25 [1]
F = r = 0.060 ×  0.15 [1] –1
ω = 6.02 ≈ 6.0 rad s [1]
= 0.0394 ≈ 0.039 N [1]
iii Period = 2πω = 1.04 ≈ 1.0 s [1]
ii The centripetal force on the toy increases
with its speed. [1] 8 a
The force acting towards the centre of a circle
The toy falls off because the frictional force [1]
between the turntable and the toy is not on a body moving round that circle [1]
sufficient to provide the centripetal force.[1] 2
mv  
b i r = mg leading to v2 = rg = 0.9 × 9.81 [1]
4 a
change in potential energy = kinetic energy[1] v2 = 8.829 [1]
mgh = 12  mv2 leading to v =  2gh –1
v = 2.97 ≈ 3.0 m s [1]
=  2 × 9.81× 0.70 [1] ii F = 2mg = 2 × 5.4 × 9.81 [1]
2 2
mv   0.050 × 3.712 F = 105.9 ≈ 106 N[1]
b centripetal force = r = 1.50 [1]
= 0.458 N [1] 9 a radian = length of arc
T – mg = 0.458 [1] radius [1]
b Pilot feels thrown out from the circle or pilot
T = 0.458 + (0.050 × 9.81) = 0.95 N [1]
feels pressed outwards against seat. [1]
c The weight is only equal to the tension when Inertia means that with no force pilot would
the ball is at rest in the vertical position. [1] travel in a straight line. [1]
The ball is not in equilibrium in the Centripetal force pulls the pilot in towards
vertical position because it has an upward the centre of the circle. [1]
(centripetal) acceleration. [1] 2
mv  
c i r = 6mg leading to
5 Friction between the tyres and the road v2 = 6rg = 6 × 5.0 × 9.81 [1]
provides the centripetal force. [1] v2 = 294 [1]
–1
v = 17.15 ≈ 17.2 m s [1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics © Cambridge University Press 2014

 Cambridge International A Level Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions

ii ω = vr = 17.15
5  [1]
ω –1
number of revs per second = 2π = 0.54 s [1]
d Sharp turns in combat at high speed [1]
mean the pilot will experience high g forces.
[1]

10
a Angle in radians = length
of arc
radius
For a complete circle,
arc length = circumference = 2πr [1]
2πr
angle in radians = r = 2π [1]
540
b i ω = f × 2π leading to 540 rpm = 60 × 2π [1]
ω = 56.5 rad s–1[1]
ii F = mrω2 = 20 × 10–3 × 0.1 × 56.52[1]
F = 6.4 N [1]
–3
c Gravitational force ≈ 20 × 10  × 10 = 0.2 N [1]
Very much less than the required
centripetal force[1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics © Cambridge University Press 2014