Coronavirus

Second Order Effects

Failing to consider second- and third-order consequences is the cause of a

lot of painfully bad decisions... Never seize on the first available option, no
matter how good it seems, before you’ve asked questions and explored.
—Legendary Investor Ray Dalio

Second-order effects is a mental model that

helps you make better decisions. It is particularly
important now during the Coronavirus crisis.

When we think of the future, we tend to think

of obvious and immediate consequences. As a
result, we tend to ignore the domino chain of
effects.

In life, the more you consider second-order

effects, the more successful you become...

When you see future challenges, you can avoid

them. When you see future opportunities first,
you can capitalize
Scal on them first.
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About This Doc About The Creators

This document helps map the

possibility space of Coronavirus
effects. It helps us understand how
it could transform our lives as
individuals, workers, volunteers,
entrepreneurs, and citizens.

It was developed via a combination @EmersonSpartz Michael Simmons Camille Ulmer

of listening to podcasts, reading
Middle school dropout. Serial Social Entrepreneur / Visual Architect. Direct
reports, and consuming articles;
Antifragility signaling. Learning How To Learn Response Designer.
talking to friends in different
Founder (@Dose, Teacher / Contributions: Inc, Storytelling Believer.
sectors; and personal reflection. Hat
@OMGFacts, Harvard Business Review, Chess Nomad Converted to
tip to @balajis and @chamath.
@MuggleNet). NYT Forbes, Fortune, Existentialist Philosopher
Bestselling Author. Entrepreneur, & Time
 Top Contributors
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sharing it with a few ● Shayna ● Sawyer
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make it a ● Tara ● Ben Clarke ● Eben Koff
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Click & Go to Section Click & Go to Click & Go to Click & Go to Click & Go to Click & Go to
Section Section Section Section Section

● Marriage ● Manufacturing ● Stock market ● Online ● Taxes ● Climate

● Dating & Supply returns learning field ● Policies ● Safety
● Home Chains ● Buybacks grows ● Structure ● Cultural
● Pets ● Deliveries ● Dividends ● Homeschoolin ● Elections change
● Funerals ● Consumer g grows ● Volunteering
● Religion Behavior ● Higher ed
● Geography ● Fashion ● Professional
● Money ● Entertainment education
● Physical ● Entrepreneursh
Health ip
● Mental Health ● Travel
● Time ● Energy
Management ● Retail
● Insurance
● Work
● Education
● Employment

Personal

Category Second-order Impact Third-order Impact Opportunities

Family Husband, kids, and wife spend 10x ● More arguments ● Couples counseling
as much time together ● Divorce rates increase ● Divorce lawyers

● More sex (Condom shortages) ● Virtual midwives

● More babies ● Increase in baby
● Overwhelm of hospitals starting in clothing demand in 9m?
9 months
● Increase in home births

Deeper understanding of each other.

(i.e., deeper understanding of kid’s
school work. Seeing spouse during
workday.)

Increase in child abuse / spouse


More attention is paid to elderly
family members than under normal
circumstances
Seeing someone in-person during a
quarantine becomes a sign of the
level of commitment in the
relationship
Dating
Less cheating (at least in-person
cheating or one-night stands)
Less dating overall as there are
less opportunities to meet in-
person.
Innovation in “home storage”
industry
Work from home:
● More desks are bought
(standing desks)
● More computer peripherals are
purchased (webcam,
microphone, mouse)
● More purchases of comfortable
office chairs
● More "artwork" to make your
office look better
● More noise cancelling
Home headphones purchased
● More collaboration services
used (Zoom, Houseparty)
● Upgrade to people’s Internet
speed to support video
conference calls
Home heating and cooling bills are
higher because people are home
all of the time
More people begin to grow food in
home gardens.
People desire larger homes as they
spend more time there
Physical Exercise
Health
abuse
● Improved mental (and perhaps
physical) health among elderly
Culture shifts around non-hetero/non- Dating apps evolve to
monogamy, as dating and include video date add-
relationships move to the privacy of ons, guided conversations,
digital connection versus in public other virtual relationship-
building
Decline in “hookup” culture ● Expanded virtual/online
sex industry
● Sex toy sales boom
More competition in home storage
industry
● Streaming services reduce ● More apps in the
resolution in order to handle collaboration
bandwidth. ecosystem (zoom and
teams marketplaces)
● Increased pain due to work ● Home remodels from
stations that are not ergonomic the currently popular
(back, carpal tunnel syndrome, open plan to more
neck) smaller rooms to be
able to work from home
● Internet backend infrastructure and close the door from
needs for SOHO. the office
● New attack vectors due to
unproven software that is quickly
rushed out
Seed shortages. People buy
gardening tools.
People move out of cities
Increase in obesity: Some people are
less fit because they lost their gym
membership and routine that it took
them probably years to develop
Decrease in obesity: Some people are
more fit because they have more
time to exercise.
Increase sales of home exercise
equipment:
● Resistance bands
● Dumbbells
Innovation in the home exercise ● Virtual Group Classes
industry (like Peloton) really
catch on
● Virtual/remote personal
trainers.
● Virtual coaching on
 helping people set up
an ergonomic
workspace

Certain hospitals that haven’t been

People put off elective surgeries
impacted by Coronavirus having less
and treatments
demand as people avoid hospitals.

There is a shortage of specific drugs,

People hoard drugs that are which then impacts patients who
purported to work (e.g., depend on that drug (e.g., Lupus
hydroxychloroquine) patients depend on
hydroxychloroquine)

People lose access to/can’t afford Alternative/folk therapies explode

actual healthcare.

People feel more anxious and don’t ● People get less sleep
have in-person gathering as a ● Alcohol consumption increases
coping mechanism. [1]

People catch up on sleep

People eat more due to more time ● Weight increase

spent at home / less routine

Loved ones can’t have in-person Virtual funerals [1]

funerals for those who pass away

Funerals Mass graves

Not enough capacity to bury and
cremate those who pass away in a
Change of human behaviour— not
timely manner
needing a funeral?

Increase in religious participation Increase in sales of Bible, Quran, and Virtual religious
(often increases in times of chaos) other religious texts communities

Religion OR

Decrease: in-person community is

a major reason for participation

● Pets are happier ● Create more pet toys

People spend more time with pets
● Pets more fit

Pets are surrendered because Shelters are overwhelmed

people have trouble paying for
their food

Increase in adoption rates, as Virtual dog training

people are now home to train
Pets
dogs?

Neighbors loan dogs to each other

in order to be allowed to be outside
of their home and get a breath of
fresh air (for areas where you
aren’t allowed to leave home
unless it is for essentials or walking
their dog)

Geography Cities become less popular. Suburbs Purchase real estate in

Virus spreads faster in cities.
and rural become more popular suburban areas

Increase in real estate

Cities have more social unrest. demand in “lifestyle
geographies”

Increase in demand for

Decrease in local geographic
stable, high-grade
network effects (ie - Silicon Valley)
internet.

Pent up demand for travel and

 social experiences

Viruses typically enter countries

through major cities

Growing ease of informal,

People get used to working and
ad-hoc global
living at home, so location
collaborations (esp. In face
becomes less important.
of poor gov response)

● Events move online Streaming TV providers

● Reading have higher retention
● Watching rates.
● Creating
● Internetting ● Creating
Increase in content consumption ● Social media ● Internetting
and gaming ● VR ● Social media
● Porn
● Creates of offline experiences AR/VR to replicate sports
create online versions and outdoor recreation
● Conferences -> Virtual Events
Time ● Virtual Museum Tours
Management
● Painting ● Reinvention
● Crafts ● Side hustle
● Knitting ● Increased donation of
● Meditation home items that are
People pursue hobbies more ● Board games decluttered
● Drawing ● Arbitrage of decluttered
● Musical instrument items
● Poker
● Decluttering

Many people have less money and
start putting off all of their bills
● Small businesses closing
● People hold on to money
● People lost their savings
● Mortgage default
● Mortgage refinancings
● Rent/lease defaults
● More stringent lending
requirements (again) in
future
● Foreclosure purchases
● Property management
companies go out of biz

● Bankruptcy filing
services and
Bankruptcy of highly leveraged
bankruptcy recovery
businesses
services (credit
counseling)

● Credit Card companies seeing ● Burst of discretionary

reduced portfolios spending once things
People reduce discretionary ● People with steady incomes during reopen?
Money expenses this time will end up with more
discretionary money later in the
year.

Increased usage of wireless

payment methods (e.g., Apple Pay)

Shopping both online and offline is ● Consumerism decreases

difficult. Offline leads to lines and ● DIY increases
risk of infection. Online has more
items out of stock and deliveries
taking longer.

Decreased usage of cash

Everyday people lose jobs and See government policy section below
need income fast

Mental Improvement because people are

Health relaxing and getting more sleep
and gratitude for what they do
have and realization of what’s
important

Stress and anxiety every time you

 go out because you might catch it.
Stress and anxiety of being cooped
up with people all day (especially if
you are an introvert). Stress from
uncertainty and/or losing income or
loved ones.

● Depression More personal

People who already live alone feel
● Increased use of drugs and alcohol development online
more lonely
● Increased suicides workshops

People miss face-to-face Rise of niche online communities

interactions

Depression because of joblessness Increased use of drugs and alcohol

More attention being paid to ● Increased help-seeking behaviour

mental health, de-stigmatization of
loneliness, depression and anxiety

Therapies move online Sites like Betterhelp.com grow

Business

Category Second-order Impact Third-order Impact Opportunities

Dramatic reduction in just-in-time Complex goods (electronics) rise in

inventory practices price

Certain factories are closed or have Missing component can halt an entire Shortages of certain
less demand supply chain products

Digital ● In-demand products

● Cloud services have shortages and/or
● Zoom price increases.
● Slack ● Other manufacturers
● Semiconductors stop manufacturing
their own products
Consumer and produce products
● Toilet paper for healthcare industry
● Puzzles (New Balance creating
Certain products suddenly have ● Board games masks, Tesla creating
Manufacturing &
huge-demand ● Game consoles ventilators)
Supply Chains
● Non Perishable food items
● Plumbers are
Health incredibly busy with
● ICU beds cleaning drains
● Ventilators because people are
● Masks flushing non-flushable
● Gowns items, because they
lack or are conserving
toilet paper

Increased usage of robots and

automation (avoid integrating
humans who could be infected)

Development of alternative supply Trend toward insourcing and Costs of many goods
sources outside of China proximity-based manufacturing increases

Deliveries Growth of grocery delivery ● Local-to-local delivery

services, very small
product list for local-
to-local purchasing
(the anti-Amazon?)

● Growth of sanitary
delivery and storage
 solutions for
consumers and
businesses (e.g. UV
delivery bins)

Growth of farm-to-home delivery

and farm-to-trunk delivery

Amazon becomes more of a target for

not having a safe enough working
Growth of Amazon
environment or not compensating
workers enough for “hazard pay”

Growth of Ubereats / Grubhub / Growth of usage of plastic containers

etc.

Increase sale of moisturizers because

people have dry hands

A generation of kids with low

immunity due to all the hand washing
and sanitizing
Increase sale of lysol and wipes
More resistant strains of viruses
evolve

Less communicable disease infection

in the short-term because people are
more sanitary

Increase usage of RV parks Increase in RV Services

Increase in staycations (vacations
(Repair, Rehab,
that are driving distance away)
Furnishings, Service)
Consumer
Behavior
● Fitbit, Oura Ring, Apple Watch, ● Biometrics
and other trackers see increased incorporated to tell
demand. body heat
● Wearing a personal health
● Privacy violations by big tech and ● Daily “certificate”
tracker becomes standard
governments given for tested and
● Increase of invasive data unsick individuals
● current devices enabled to
collection (trade-off between enabling them to
track more biometric data
privacy and safety). attend events,
rideshare, the office,
etc.

Many people who avoided

technology take more time to
understand it better

Fewer “wet” markets

(animals/perishables)

Fashion Less fashion purchases: ● Fashion businesses

have to pivot / evolve
● Shorts their marketing etc.
● Pants ● Live filters that make
● Socks people look more
● Skirts professional and
● Perfume beautiful (like ones
People care less about their
● Heels that already exist on
appearance that isn’t on camera
Tik-Tok and Instagram)
● New category DIY
beauty Youtubers (ie,
how to dye and cut
your hair)

Fewer haircuts

Wearing masks in public if sick will ● Shortage of masks ● People sew their own
be regarded as a politeness like in masks
Japan ● New consumer mask
companies emerge
providing fun stylish
 masks.

● Longer hair
● Beards
● More casual style endures even
when people go back to work
New fashion styles emerge
● Fashion-based face masks will be
popularized. Even advanced tech
masks that reduce the appearance
of a traditional mask.

● Telemedicine
No more one-on-one meetings
● Webcam dating

● Virtual birthday parties

● Virtual museum tours
● Virtual funerals
Events ● Virtual summits
No more in-person events /
● Virtual concerts
gatherings
● Virtual dance parties
● Virtual happy hours
● Virtual wine tasting
● Virtual watch parties

Boom in esports

New movies premiere in homes, ● Remote watch parties become

not just theaters more mainstream

Entertainment Creators from multiple verticals Services around being

experiment with live streams and able to manage linear
Increased interest in linear
linear broadcasts (IPTV) that are streams will be an
broadcasts (live streams and
digital-first opportunity for many to
curated content broadcasts)
capitalize - content, tech,
production, etc.

● Companies increase length of trial Teaching companies how

Companies that are promote too
much or too hard are criticized
Entrepreneurship
Increasing interest in business
opportunities that are less
impacted by pandemics
periods. to do corona-virus
● Companies offer their products for sensitive marketing.
free.
● Companies improve the
functionality of their free products
● Digital Shorter interview periods,
● Virtual greater use of trial
● Training periods, starter projects
and contract work

Increase of healthy testing at Increase of smart devices that track

airports and other places in real-time
Travel
Travel insurance price increase

Air travel decreases

Less demand for gas Lower price of gas

● Many companies in the oil industry

Low oil prices take on massive debt, get sold, or
Energy
go out of business.

Alternative energy demand for home

More energy consumed at home
increase

Retail Small retailers stop paying rent Malls get decimated

A large percentage of retailers go ● Dramatically lower commercial

out of business. (Owners don’t feel
like fighting. Business was already
in a precarious position. Not
enough demand. Too much debt)
rents
● Strip plazas are razed for other
uses
● Millions of hourly workers
permanently out of jobs and need
new opportunities.
 Self checkout becomes more
common
Amazon’s checkout product where
people don’t have to even do a
checkout goes mainstream
Certain premiums skyrocket -
others plummet - personal auto
drops due to 75%+ drop in
personal auto claims
Insurance Demand for pandemic insurance
Insurance companies become
responsible for helping customers
deal with pandemics
Event insurance no longer offered
Older people disproportionately
impacted
Dramatic decrease in popularity of
open office environments
People with disabilities find it
easier to participate in the
workforce
Workplaces become more flexible
with childcare policies
Work
Lack of in-person meetings
decrease dealmaking around
complex and trust-driven
transactions (M&A in particular)
Working from home dramatically
increases even after virus
Office space demand plummets as
companies realize the amount of
people that can work from home +
recession
Real Estate
Many hotels go out of business
Immediate layoffs and furlough of
employees
Employment
Employees seen as liability in crisis
Cost of doing business increases for
some:
● Auto Insurance will dramatically
increase for delivery drivers (who
will be a much larger segment)
Government creates a complement to Creates path for national
TRIA insurance programs
Loss control expands to deal with
pandemics - new companies - new
skills required for actuaries
Harder to finance large events Fewer large scale events
(SXSW)
Senior position in companies and Create a way to capture
organizations open up institutional knowledge
Office buildings become more vacant ● Lower price
commercial real estate
● Office buildings
repurposed?
● Less traffic on commute
● Commercial real estate goes down
● Fewer car accidents
● Employment at companies goes
more global
Cyclical demand changes for awhile Properties will need to be
companies waiting for freefall to stop “bio-safe” - early adapters
before addressing their staffing needs to this will retenant more
quickly
Even after air travel resumes, there is Adaptive reuse of
large amounts of vacancy with limited properties such as
travel affordable housing &
student housing and
health care pop ups
● Poverty increases Charity impact
● Less disposable income Pawnshop business
● Bankruptcies increase Loan Sharks
Apartments
Further increase in contract workers, Providers of contract and
temps, outsourcing temps workers or those
that facilitate outsourcing

Category Second-order Impact
Backlash at public companies
that seek bailouts
Companies conserve cash
Stock Market
Looking for scapegoats leads to
attacks on major hedge funds
New financial instruments
created to profit from pandemics
Flight to safe haven assets
Education
Category Second-order Impact
Online learning ● Coding
field grows ● Design
● Content creation (Writing,
Youtube)
● Coaching
● Teaching
● New language
Most people work as specialists
but are repressed polymaths
- they have little free
time/energy to explore
diverse interests. Many will
use their new free time to
become generalists.
Homeschooling increases.
Parents realize that online
learning can work under the
right conditions and with the
right resources.
Investing
Third-order Impact Opportunities
● Stock buybacks become restricted ● Lower stock valuations
● Dividends switch from shareholder ● Harder to retire on
right to being viewed as fixed income
irresponsible
● Stock buybacks reduced or ● Lower stock valuations
eliminated
● Dividends reduced or eliminated
● Short sellers get vilified ● More volatility/bubbles
in short-heavy stocks
Pandemic ETFs, ETNs
Return of gold
Bitcoin gets more legitimized
Third-order Impact Opportunities
● Former service workers become ● Create training for
knowledge workers retooling of service
workers
This new education paradigm: ● Education startups
and/or top private
● Offers better outcomes for many schools begin offering
students curriculums for
● Brings an increase in mental-health elementary and high
issues in adolescents as a result of school students and
decreased socialization and recruit the best online
exposure to social adversity. teachers.
● Software that helps parents
understand their child’s talents and ● New technologies
desired learning outcomes. The emerge for online
software then designs a learning teachers to monitor
curriculum tailored to the child. and discipline
Software also matches the child to students (eye
the best teachers. tracking technology,
● Alternative educational styles as etc).
parents select the curriculum and
teachers best suited to their child. ● The best grade school
teachers, who were
previously limited to
teaching students in
their school districts,
gain large online
 followings.

Low income students without Community hubs develop as a place for ● Branch Libraries with
Internet or computer have low-income students to access learning full technology
trouble accessing the Internet infrastructure. capabilities

Increased learning divide based Rich parents can afford access to the
on financial class best online teachers.

● Parents realize that their ● Teacher appreciation grows ● New online activities
kids are not being to challenge kids. New
challenged sites to organize all of
● Parents get overwhelmed by the online activities
kids. that emerge.
Rise of
homeschooling
Teachers scramble to figure out ● Curriculum designed
teaching online to be taught online
that actually works.
● New trainings for
teachers

● Need For Alternative

Education
Fewer people willing to pay a
high fee to go to college
because they have less
money and because online
Family Budget learning is increasingly good
for Education ● Enrollment in higher ed
Decreases decreases
26% of families with
prospective college students
reconsidering their choice of
college (fear of coronavirus
exposure), 12% may defer
altogether. Source

Government

Category Second-order Impact Third-order Impact Opportunities

Many of the issues that were

Government the top issues suddenly fade
Policy into the background and make
little progress in legislative
bodies

Current and future presidential

Universal basic income
candidates run a platform of UBI

Super profitable businesses Companies will be valued lower

will be taxed at a higher level
in order to make up deficits

Loans to businesses

Fed cuts rates Less ability to act in a future crisis

Tax revenue plummets Increased government

Tax holiday debt at a national, state,
and local level

Tax revenue plummets ● Increased government debt at a

national, state, and local level
● Local, state, and national
governments look for ways to
 increase tax revenue

Realization that eating too More sin taxes, stigmas, or pressure to

much sugar and smoking reduce unhealthy behavior
make populations more
susceptible to pandemics

Creation of a nationalized
insurance program (similar to
TRIA for terrorism)

Creation of a large public

works initiative started to
repair and rebuild roads,
bridges, and tunnels in order
to put people to work and to
take advantage of fewer cars
being on the road.

Public transit loses appeal in

emerging cities like Austin and
Denver

Citizens accept less freedom
(movement) and privacy
(movements, health data) in
order to combat the spread of
the virus
Some govts retain these “war time”
powers after the crisis (like the Patriot
Act)

New laws try to prevent bailouts -- Large sums of money in-

Company bailouts
create huge cash balances efficiently allocated

Taxes on commercial insurance

products to pay for pandemics (similar
to terrorism)
New Taxes
Industry specific taxes to fund bailouts -
which will become acceptable BAU
(similar to China)

Humanity is “vaccinated” against even- ● Medical suppliers have

Huge investment in resources
more-lethal pathogens in the future a sustained increase in
to tackle future pandemics.
demand.

Inflation increases ● Infrastructure projects,

including connectivity
upgrades to trusted
brands (away from
Government prints money
Huawei, ZTE)
● Gold and BTC prices
rise, drives digital
currency race

Government relaxes
regulatory requirements
and speed-up approval
processes for startups and
technologies that are
needed urgently. For
example FDA approvals for
MedTech startups working
on vaccines

● MedTech startups
working on areas
Governments engages related to vaccines
startups, innovators, and and testing.
tech communities seeking ● Self driving trucks
help in areas such as and delivery
modeling, data analytics automation is likely
to get accelerated
approval

Military The virus causes aircraft ● Navy is more vulnerable. - Broader use of drones
 ● Countries with a robust navy have
carriers to dock
an even larger advantage
● Military projection capacity
decreases.

● Regime change
Government(s) mishandles
● Riots
crisis
● Push for decentralized innovations

Elections have fewer voters Strong push for mail-in ballots

Court cases occur online and

are live-streamed

Government Handling of the pandemic More awareness drawn to health

Structure becomes the major issue in initiatives.
political elections

Authoritarian governments More authoritarian policies become

are more successful at more palatable.
flattening the curve

Policies that would have Socialism becomes more widely

previously been considered accepted
socialist bail countries out

Others

Category Second-order Impact Third-order Impact Opportunities

● Better health in some capacities. ● Global pandemic

Tens of thousands of lives saved. response sets the
Climate Reduction in CO2 emissions ● Reduction in political will to fight foundations for future
climate change in the short-term as global collaborations
focus shifts to pandemic response.

Fewer car accidents ● Increased deer

● Fewer cars on the road population
Driver Safety
● Fewer trips ● Fewer deaths and
injuries

More people raising chickens

More people making their own bread ● Online cooking classes -

interactive and
More people cooking performative (i.e. IG
live), where signup
comes with delivery of
supplies and
Risk of infection at grocery
ingredients.
Food stores
● Number of home-made
recipes explodes
● Increasing in cookbook
sales

Increase in gardening

More online shopping

Safety More ammo and gun sales

More people are desperate to Crime rate increases

make ends meet

Because police force gets Crime rate increases

infected is overwhelmed, its
stops pursuing non-violent
 crime

People with low incomes will

be hardest-hit by social-
distancing measures, and
most likely to have the chronic
health conditions that
increase their risk of severe
infections.

People become more sensitive Growth of certain insurance markets in

to large, but rare risks in their the future
lives

● Continued social An opportunity for

mingling/gatherings by young
people deemed “careless” by older
generations more impacted by
Covid
Generational conflict
● Younger generation turns that
narrative in reverse, making clear
that older generations are being
careless with the future lives of the
youth
collective (and
understanding of the lag
effect and irreversible
change of exponential
change) will emerges,
which enables demand for
carbon pricing to fairly
allocate change

Increased nationalism

Many healthcare workers risk Celebration of healthcare workers

their lives going to work
everyday and also become
burned out.

Culture Change ● Quarantine and chill

● Doom-scrolling
● Covidiot
● Qurantini
● Zoom-bombing
New words created
● Virtual happy hour
● Coronials
● Quaranteen
● Covidivorce
● Coronacation

Hugs, handshakes, and cheek New distance greeting innovations -

kissing become less common e.g. the “Corona (Elbow) Bump” or
as a social norm “Wuhan Shake” [1]

Decrease in smoking behavior

and increased stigmatization
of smoking

China criticized by US
government for “wet” markets
and hiding information at the
beginning of pandemic

Creation of a Peace Corps

equivalent (“Immune Corps”)
Volunteering for volunteering at hospitals
during times of need (i.e. the
new “Candy Stripers”)

Technology

Category Second-order Impact Third-order Impact Opportunities

Technology Companies rush to create ● ● Vaccines

vaccines and treatments for ● Creating new
 treatment drugs
● Repurposing existing
Coronavirus drugs for Coronavirus
● Testing antibody
therapies

Companies rush to create cheap, ●

scalable continuous testing
solutions

Labour and employment less likely to ● Self driving and

go back to original levels automated delivery
vehicles
The pandemic exposes areas of
● Automated
the economy and life that can
warehouse
benefit from automation
fulfillment
technology especially in crisis
technology
becomes more
critical
 Appendix: Top 100 Fastest Growing &
Declining Categories in E-commerce
March 2020 vs March 2019
Stackline reviewed E-commerce sales across the U.S. and compiled the amazing list below.
Stackline is a retail intelligence and software company. Their software helps thousands of
the world’s largest brands manage and grow their e-commerce businesses