Tong Hop 38 Bai Mau Writing Task 1 - Ieltsnguyenhuyen PDF

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN
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Mục lục
LINE GRAPH ........................................................................................................................ 3
PIE CHART ........................................................................................................................ 17
TABLE ................................................................................................................................. 24
BAR CHART ...................................................................................................................... 38
MIXED CHARTS ............................................................................................................... 54
PROCESS........................................................................................................................... 62
MAP ...................................................................................................................................... 74
2
Chào các bạn,
Dưới đây là tuyển tập 38 đề mẫu IELTS Writing Task 1 Huyền tổng hợp được
từ website của thầy Simon (ielts-simon.com)
Huyền đã in đậm các từ/cụm từ hay và các từ này đều đã được dịch sang
tiếng Việt để giúp các bạn dễ dàng hiểu bài hơn.
Huyền mong rằng tài liệu sẽ hữu ích với các bạn trong quá trình ôn luyện
IELTS Writing nhé!
Chúc các bạn học thật tốt!
Thân ái
Nguyễn Huyền
3
LINE GRAPH
The line graph compares the average price of a the average price of: giá trung bình
barrel of oil with the food price index over a của…
period of 11 years. the food price index: chỉ số giá lương
thực
It is clear that average global prices of both oil and rose considerably: tăng đáng kể
food rose considerably between 2000 and 2011. commodities: hàng hóa
Furthermore, the trends for both commodities a strong correlation: một mối tương
were very similar, and so a strong correlation quan mạnh mẽ
(93.6%) is suggested. close to: gần
per barrel: mỗi thùng
In the year 2000, the average global oil price was stood at: đứng tại
close to $25 per barrel, and the food price index Over the following four years: Trong
stood at just under 90 points. Over the following bốn năm tiếp theo
four years both prices remained relatively remained relatively stable: vẫn
stable, before rising steadily between 2004 and tương đối ổn định
2007. By 2007, the average oil price had more rising steadily: tăng đều đặn
than doubled, to nearly $60 per barrel, and food
prices had risen by around 50 points.
4
A dramatic increase in both commodity prices was

seen from 2007 to 2008, with oil prices reaching a
peak of approximately $130 per barrel and the reaching a peak of: đạt cực đại
food price index rising to 220 points. However, by dropped: giảm
the beginning of 2009 the price of oil had dropped roughly: gần
by roughly $90, and the food price index was rose once again: tăng một lần nữa
down by about 80 points. Finally, in 2011, the almost: hầu hết
average oil price rose once again, to nearly $100
per barrel, while the food price index reached its
peak, at almost 240 points.
5
The line graph compares three companies in in terms of: về mặt

terms of their waste output between the years waste output: lượng chất
2000 and 2015. thải
there were significant
It is clear that there were significant changes changes in: có những thay
in the amounts of waste produced by all three đổi đáng kể trong
companies shown on the graph. While the amount of waste
companies A and B saw waste output fall over produced by: lượng chất
the 15-year period, the amount of waste thải được thải ra bởi
produced by company C increased increased considerably:
considerably. tăng đáng kể
waste material: chất thải
In 2000, company A produced 12 tonnes of
waste, while companies B and C produced
around 8 tonnes and 4 tonnes of waste
6
material respectively. Over the following 5

years, the waste output of companies B and C
rose by around 2 tonnes, but the figure for the figure for: con số cho
company A fell by approximately 1 tonne. cut waste production: cắt
giảm việc thải chất thải
From 2005 to 2015, company A cut waste reduced its waste: giảm
production by roughly 3 tonnes, and company chất giải
B reduced its waste by around 7 tonnes. By saw an increase in: nhìn
contrast, company C saw an increase in waste thấy 1 sự gia tăng trong
production of approximately 4 tonnes over the approximately: xấp xỉ
same 10-year period. By 2015, company C’s the respective amounts
waste output had risen to 10 tonnes, while the of waste: lượng chất thải
respective amounts of waste from companies tương ứng
A and B had dropped to 8 tonnes and only 3
tonnes
7
The line graphs show the average monthly the average monthly
amount that parents in Britain spent on their amount: lượng tiền trung
children’s sporting activities and the bình hàng tháng
number of British children who took part in spent on: chi tiêu vào
three different sports from 2008 to 2014. took part in: tham gia vào
their children’s participation
It is clear that parents spent more money in: sự tham gia của trẻ vào
each year on their children’s participation In terms of: về mặt
in sports over the six-year period. In terms
8
of the number of children taking part, football

was significantly more popular than athletics Athletics: điền kinh
and swimming. spent an average of: chi tiêu
trung bình
increased gradually: tăng
In 2008, British parents spent an average of dần
around £20 per month on their children’s were enrolled in: đã được
sporting activities. Parents’ spending on ghi danh vào
children’s sports increased gradually over practised athletics: thực
the following six years, and by 2014 the hành điền kinh
average monthly amount had risen to just remained relatively stable:
giữ tương đối ổn định
over £30.
By contrast: ngược lại
there was a near fivefold
Looking at participation numbers, in 2008 increase in: có 1 sự gia tăng
approximately 8 million British children 5 lần trong…
played football, while only 2 million children
were enrolled in swimming clubs and less
than 1 million practised athletics. The
figures for football participation remained
relatively stable over the following 6 years.
By contrast, participation in swimming
almost doubled, to nearly 4 million children,
and there was a near fivefold increase in
the number of children doing athletics.
9
The graph below shows the average number of UK commuters travelling

each day by car, bus or train between 1970 and 2030.
The line graph compares figures for daily travel daily travel: đi lại hàng
by workers in the UK using three different ngày
forms of transport over a period of 60 years. different forms of
transport: các hình thức
It is clear that the car is by far the most vận tải khác nhau
popular means of transport for UK by far the most popular
commuters throughout the period shown. Also, means of transport:
while the numbers of people who use the car phương tiện giao thông
and train increase gradually, the number of phổ biến nhất
bus users falls steadily. commuters: người đi làm
increase gradually: tăng
In 1970, around 5 million UK commuters dần
travelled by car on a daily basis, while the bus falls steadily: giảm 1 cách
and train were used by about 4 million and 2 đều đặn
million people respectively. In the year 2000, the on a daily basis: hằng
number of those driving to work rose to 7 million ngày
10
and the number of commuting rail passengers commuting rail

reached 3 million. However, there was a small passengers: hành khách
drop of approximately 0.5 million in the number đi bằng tàu vận chuyển
of bus users. Approximately: xấp xỉ
commute by car: đi làm
By 2030, the number of people who commute bằng xe hơi
by car is expected to reach almost 9 million, are predicted to: được dự
and the number of train users is also predicted đoán là
to rise, to nearly 5 million. By contrast, buses
are predicted to become a less popular choice,
with only 3 million daily users.
11
The graph below shows trends in US meat and poultry consumption.
(Note: I'm ignoring the forecast and treating 2012 as a past year)
The line graph shows changes in the per per capita: bình quân đầu
capita consumption of beef, pork, broilers người
and turkey in the United States between 1955 beef: thịt bò
and 2012. pork: thịt heo
broilers: gà thịt
It is noticeable that beef was by far the most turkey: gà tây
popular of the four types of meat for the the majority of: đa số
majority of the 57-year period. However, a a considerable rise: tăng
considerable rise can be seen in the đáng kể
consumption of broilers, with figures the consumption of: tiêu
eventually surpassing those for beef. thụ
surpassing: vượt qua
Between 1955 and 1976, US beef During the same period:
consumption rose from around 60 to a peak of trong cùng thời kỳ
90 pounds per person per year. During the Fluctuated: dao động
the least popular meat: loại
same period, consumption of broilers also
thịt ít phổ biến nhất
rose, to nearly 30 pounds per person, while
the figures for pork fluctuated between 50 and
40 pounds per person. Turkey was by far the
12
least popular meat, with figures below 10

pounds per capita each year.
Plummeted: Sụt giảm
Doubled: gấp đôi
By 2012, the amount of beef consumed by the
there were no significant
average American had plummeted to around changes in: không có thay
50 pounds, but the consumption of broilers đổi đáng kể trong
had doubled since the 1970s, to
approximately 55 pounds per capita. By
contrast, there were no significant changes
in the trends for pork and turkey consumption
over the period as a whole.
13
The graph below shows US consumers' average annual expenditures on

cell phone and residential phone services between 2001 and 2010.
The line graph compares average yearly average yearly spending:

spending by Americans on mobile and chi tiêu trung bình hàng năm
landline phone services from 2001 to 2010. landline phone services:
dịch vụ điện thoại cố định
It is clear that spending on landline phones fell mobile phone expenditure:
steadily over the 10-year period, while mobile chi phí điện thoại di động
phone expenditure rose quickly. The year overtook: vượt qua
2006 marks the point at which expenditure on residential phone
mobile services overtook that for residential services: dịch vụ điện dân
phone services. cư
landlines: điện thoại cố định
In 2001, US consumers spent an average of paid out the same amount
nearly $700 on residential phone services, of money: đã thanh toán
compared to only around $200 on cell phone cùng số tiền
services. Over the following five years,
average yearly spending on landlines
dropped by nearly $200. By contrast,
expenditure on mobiles rose by approximately
$300.
In the year 2006, the average American paid

out the same amount of money on both
types of phone service, spending just over
14
$500 on each. By 2010, expenditure on mobile

phones had reached around $750, while the over half: hơn một nửa
figure for spending on residential services had
fallen to just over half this amount.
15
The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and
over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.
The line graph compares the percentage of the percentage of: tỷ lệ

people aged 65 or more in three countries over phần trăm của
a period of 100 years. the proportion ofelderly
people: tỷ lệ người cao tuổi
It is clear that the proportion ofelderly is expected to: dự kiến sẽ
people increases in each country between elderly population: dân số
1940 and 2040. Japan is expected to see the già
most dramatic changes in its elderly compared to: so với
population. rose gradually: tăng dần
the figures for: con số cho
In 1940, around 9% of Americans were aged
65 or over, compared to about 7% of Swedish
people and 5% of Japanese people. The
proportions of elderly people in the USA and
Sweden rose gradually over the next 50
years, reaching just under 15% in 1990. By
contrast, the figures for Japan remained
below 5% until the early 2000s.
16
Looking into the future, a sudden increase in Jump: sự tăng

the percentage of elderly people is predicted it is thought that: người ta
for Japan, with a jump of over 15% in just 10 cho rằng
years from 2030 to 2040. By 2040, it is slightly lower: thấp hơn
thought that around 27% of the Japanese một chút
population will be 65 years old or more, while respectively: tương ứng
the figures for Sweden and the USA will be
slightly lower, at about 25% and 23%
respectively.
17
PIE CHART
The pie charts compare visitors’ responses visitors’ responses to a

to a survey about customer service at the survey: phản hồi của khách
Parkway Hotel in 2005 and in 2010. cho 1 cuộc khảo sát
overall customer
It is clear that overall customer satisfaction satisfaction: sự hài lòng
increased considerably from 2005 to 2010. của khách hàng
While most hotel guests rated customer hotel guests: khách của
service as satisfactory or poor in 2005, a clear khách sạn
majority described the hotel’s service as good a clear majority: phần lớn
or excellent in 2010. positive responses: phản
ứng tích cực
Looking at the positive responses first, in rated: đánh giá
2005 only 5% of the hotel’s visitors rated its described: mô tả
customer service as excellent, but this figure
rose to 28% in 2010. Furthermore, while only
14% of guests described customer service in
the hotel as good in 2005, almost three times
18
as many people gave this rating five years

later.
With regard tonegative
With regard tonegative feedback, the feedback: đối với phản hồi
proportion of guests who considered the tiêu cực
hotel’s customer service to be poor fell from the proportion of: tỷ lệ
21% in 2005 to only 12% in 2010. Similarly, Considered: đánh giá
the proportion of people who thought customer
service was very poor dropped from 15% to
only 4% over the 5-year period. Finally, a fall in
the number of ‘satisfactory’ ratings in 2010
reflects the fact that more people gave positive
responses to the survey in that year.
19
The pie charts give information about the water the water used for: nước
used for residential, industrial and agriculturaldùng cho
purposes in San Diego County, California, and industry: công nghiệp
the world as a whole. agriculture: nông nghiệp
the vast majority of: đại
It is noticeable that more water is consumed by đa số
homes than by industry or agriculture in the two residential water
American regions. By contrast, agriculture consumption: tiêu dùng
accounts for the vast majority of water used nước sinh hoạt
worldwide. a mere: chỉ có
The opposite trend can
In San Diego County and California State, be seen: Xu hướng
residential water consumption accounts for ngược lại có thể được
60% and 39% of total water usage. By contrast, a nhìn thấy
mere 8% of the water used globally goes to a massive: khổng lồ
homes. The opposite trend can be seen when industrial water use:
we look at water consumption for agriculture. việc sử dụng nước công
This accounts for a massive 69% of global water nghiệp
use, but only 17% and 28% of water usage in
San Diego and California respectively.
Such dramatic differences are not seen when we

compare the figures for industrial water use.
The same proportion of water (23%) is used by
20
industry in San Diego and worldwide, while the

figure for California is 10% higher, at 33%.
The pie charts compare the proportions of three distinct age groups
people falling into three distinct age groups ba nhóm tuổi khác biệt
in Yemen and Italy in two different years. is predicted for: được dự
đoán cho
It is clear that Italy had the older population in over half: hơn một nửa
21
the year 2000, and that the same is predicted

for the year 2050. The populations of both
countries are expected to age over the fifty-
year period.
In the year 2000, just over half of the

population of Yemen was aged 14 or under, accounted for: chiếm
while most Italians (61.6%) fell into the 15 to is predicted to: được dự
59 age group, and only 14.3% were children đoán là
under 15 years of age. People aged 60 or over most noticeably: đáng chú
accounted for almost a quarter of the Italian ý nhất
population, but only 3.6% of the inhabitants of it is anticipated that: người
Yemen. ta dự đoán rằng
shrink: giảm xuống
By 2050, the proportion of children under 15 is
predicted to drop in both countries, most
noticeably in Yemen where the figure is
expected to fall by 13.1%. On the other hand,
the figures for elderly people are expected to
rise, by 2.1% in Yemen and a massive 18.2%
in Italy. Finally, it is anticipated that the 15 to
59 age group will grow by around 10% in
Yemen, but shrink by around 15% in Italy.
22
The three pie charts below show how the changes in annual spending
by a particular UK schools in 1981, 1991, and 2001.
The pie charts compare the expenditure of a the expenditure of: chi tiêu
school in the UK in three different years over a của
20-year period. made up the largest
proportion: chiếm tỉ lệ lớn
It is clear that teachers’ salaries made up the nhất
the school’s budget: ngân
largest proportion of the school’s spending in
sách của trường
all three years (1981, 1991 and 2001). By fell steadily: giảm đều đặn
contrast, insurance was the smallest cost in
each year.
In 1981, 40% of the school’s budget went on

teachers’ salaries. This figure rose to 50% in
1991, but fell again by 5% in 2001. The
proportion of spending on other workers’
wages fell steadily over the 20-year period,
23
from 28% of the budget in 1981 to only 15% in

2001.
Expenditure on: chi cho
Fluctuated: dao động
Expenditure on insurance stood at only 2% of
reached its peak: đạt đến
the total in 1981, but reached 8% in 2001. đỉnh điểm
Finally, the percentages for resources and
furniture/equipment fluctuated. The figure for
resources was highest in 1991, at 20%, and
the proportion of spending on furniture and
equipment reached its peak in 2001, at 23%.
24
TABLE
The table compares two primary schools in Pupils: học sinh

terms of the proportions of their pupils who different educational
experienced seven different educational problems: các vấn đề giáo
problems in the years 2005 and 2015. dục khác nhau
educational difficulties:
khó khăn về giáo dục
It is noticeable that school A had higher the incidence of: tỷ lệ
proportions of children with all seven saw an overall rise in:
educational difficulties in both years. chứng kiến sự gia tăng
However, while school A managed to reduce chung
the incidence of most of the problems struggling: gặp khó khăn
between 2005 and 2015, school B saw an found it difficult to follow
instructions: cảm thấy khó
overall rise in the percentage of children who
khăn để làm theo hướng
were struggling. dẫn
verbal expression: Diễn đạt
In 2005, 42% of school A’s pupils found it bằng lời nói
difficult to follow instructions, whereas only concentration: sự tập trung
6% of pupils in school B experienced this the equivalent figures for:
problem. Similarly, between 30 and 40 per các con số tương đương
cho
cent of children attending school A had
problems in the areas of spelling, listening,
verbal expression and concentration in
25
lessons, while the equivalent figures for

school B stood at between 5 and 15 per cent.
Pronounced: nói tới
had problems with
In 2015, the difference between the two
concentration: có vấn đề
schools was less pronounced. Notably, the với sự tập trung
proportion of children who struggled to follow struggled with spelling:
instructions fell by 24% in school A, and this khó khăn với chính tả
school also saw falls of 22%, 15%, 14% and there was almost no
5% in the figures for children who had change in: gần như không
problems with concentration, listening, có thay đổi trong
verbal expression and spelling. In school B,
however, the proportion of children who
struggled with spelling and following
instructions doubled, to 10% and 12%
respectively, and there was almost no
change in the incidence of listening, verbal or
concentration problems.
26
The tables below give information about sales of Fairtrade*-labelled

coffee and bananas in 1999 and 2004 in five European countries.
The tables show the amount of money spent on in two separate years:
Fairtrade coffee and bananas in two separate trong hai năm riêng biệt
years in the UK, Switzerland, Denmark, Belgium sales of: doanh số của
and Sweden. went up: đi lên
It is clear that sales of Fairtrade coffee rose in all by far the highest levels
five European countries from 1999 to 2004, but of spending: là mức chi
sales of Fairtrade bananas only went up in three tiêu cao nhất
out of the five countries. Overall, the UK saw by revenue from: doanh thu
far the highest levels of spending on the two từ
products. was over three times
In 1999, Switzerland had the highest sales of higher than: đã cao hơn
Fairtrade coffee, at €3 million, while revenue ba lần
from Fairtrade bananas was highest in the UK, at
€15 million. By 2004, however, sales of Fairtrade
coffee in the UK had risen to €20 million, and this
27
was over three times higher than Switzerland’s

sales figure for Fairtrade coffee in that year. The saw dramatic increases
year 2004 also saw dramatic increases in the in: đã chứng kiến sự gia
money spent on Fairtrade bananas in the UK and tăng đột ngột
Switzerland, with revenues rising by €32 million remained at: giữ nguyên
and €4.5 million respectively. tại
Sales of the two Fairtrade products were far it is noticeable that: điều
lower in Denmark, Belgium and Sweden. Small đáng chú ý là
increases in sales of Fairtrade coffee can be
seen, but revenue remained at €2 million or
below in all three countries in both years. Finally,
it is noticeable that the money spent on
Fairtrade bananas actually fell in Belgium and
Sweden.
28
The table below shows the amount of waste production (in millions of
tonnes) in six different countries over a twenty-year period.
The chart compares the amounts of waste the amounts of waste:

that were produced in six countries in the lượng chất thải
years 1980, 1990 and 2000. reduce its waste output:
giảm sản lượng chất thải
In each of these years, the US produced more waste production: thải ra
waste than Ireland, Japan, Korea, Poland and chất thải
Portugal combined. It is also noticeable that saw waste totals increase:
Korea was the only country that managed to thấy tổng lượng chất thải
reduce its waste output by the year 2000. tăng lên
were noticeably different
Between 1980 and 2000, waste production in from: khác biệt đáng chú ý
the US rose from 131 to 192 million tonnes, increased more than
and rising trends were also seen in Japan, eightfold: tăng gấp tám lần
Poland and Portugal. Japan’s waste output
increased from 28 to 53 million tonnes, while
Poland and Portugal saw waste totals
increase from 4 to 6.6 and from 2 to 5 million
tonnes respectively.
The trends for Ireland and Korea were

noticeably different from those described
above. In Ireland, waste production increased
more than eightfold, from only 0.6 million
tonnes in 1980 to 5 million tonnes in 2000.
Korea, by contrast, cut its waste output by 12
million tonnes between 1990 and 2000.
29
The table compares the numbers of people cycled to work: đạp xe để

who cycled to work in twelve areas of the UK làm việc
in the years 2001 and 2011. commuters: người đi làm
travelled to work by
Overall, the number of UK commuters who bicycle rose considerably:
travelled to work by bicycle rose đi làm bằng xe đạp đã tăng
considerably over the 10-year period. Inner lên đáng kể
London had by far the highest number of cycling commuters: nguời
cycling commuters in both years. đi làm bằng xe đạp
residents: cư dân
In 2001, well over 43 thousand residents of commuted by bicycle: đi
inner London commuted by bicycle, and this bằng xe đạp
figure rose to more than 106 thousand in this figure: con số này
2011, an increase of 144%. By contrast, in terms of: về mặt
although outer London had the second highest
number of cycling commuters in each year, the
percentage change, at only 45%, was the
lowest of the twelve areas shown in the table.
Brighton and Hove saw the second biggest

increase (109%) in the number of residents
cycling to work, but Bristol was the UK’s
second city in terms of total numbers of
30
cycling commuters, with 8,108 in 2001 and

15,768 in 2011. Figures for the other eight below the 10 thousand
areas were below the 10 thousand mark in mark: dưới mốc 10.000
both years.
31
The table compares the percentages of people Functions: Chức năng

using different functions of their mobile make calls: thực hiện cuộc
phones between 2006 and 2010.  gọi
the popularity of: sự phổ
Throughout the period shown, the main reason biến của
why people used their mobile phones was to Internet search feature:
make calls. However, there was a marked Tính năng tìm kiếm trên
increase in the popularity of other mobile Internet
phone features, particularly the Internet mobile phone owners: chủ
search feature. sở hữu điện thoại di động
text messaging: tin nhắn
In 2006, 100% of mobile phone owners used văn bản
their phones to make calls, while the next most taking photos: chụp hình
popular functions were text messaging (73%) there were no figures for:
and taking photos (66%). By contrast, less không có số liệu cho
than 20% of owners played games or music on there was relatively little
their phones, and there were no figures for change in: có sự thay đổi
users doing Internet searches or recording tương đối ít
video. access the Internet: Truy
cập vào mạng internet
Over the following 4 years, there was
relatively little change in the figures for the
top three mobile phone features. However, the
percentage of people using their phones to
access the Internet jumped to 41% in 2008
and then to 73% in 2010. There was also a
significant rise in the use of mobiles to play
32
games and to record video, with figures

reaching 41% and 35% respectively in 2010.
33
The table below gives information on consumer spending on different

items in five different countries in 2002.
Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category – 2002
The table shows percentages of consumer consumer expenditure: Chi

expenditure for three categories of products tiêu tiêu dùng
and services in five countries in 2002. tobacco: thuốc lá
category: khoản mục
noticeably higher: cao hơn
It is clear that the largest proportion of đáng chú ý
consumer spending in each country went on The proportion of
food, drinks and tobacco. On the other hand, spending on: Tỷ lệ chi tiêu
the leisure/education category has the lowest cho
percentages in the table. clothing and footwear:
quần áo và giày dép
national consumer
Out of the five countries, consumer spending
expenditure: chi tiêu tiêu
on food, drinks and tobacco was noticeably dùng quốc gia
higher in Turkey, at 32.14%, and Ireland, at
nearly 29%. The proportion of spending on
leisure and education was also highest in
Turkey, at 4.35%, while expenditure on
clothing and footwear was significantly
higher in Italy, at 9%, than in any of the other
countries.
It can be seen that Sweden had the lowest

percentages of national consumer
expenditure for food/drinks/tobacco and for
clothing/footwear, at nearly 16% and just over
5% respectively. Spain had slightly higher
34
figures for these categories, but the lowest

figure for leisure/education, at only 1.98%
35
The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families

living in poverty in Australia in 1999.
The table gives information about poverty poverty rates: tỷ lệ đói

rates among six types of household in nghèo
Australia in the year 1999. household: hộ gia đình
levels of poverty: mức
It is noticeable that levels of poverty were nghèo đói
higher for single people than for couples, and single people: Những
people with children were more likely to be người độc thân
poor than those without. Poverty rates were were more likely to: có
considerably lower among elderly people. nhiều khả năng
living in poverty: sống
Overall, 11% of Australians, or 1,837,000 trong nghèo đói
people, were living in poverty in 1999. Aged were the least likely to: ít
people were the least likely to be poor, with có khả năng làm gì nhất
poverty levels of 6% and 4% for single aged aged people: người già
people and aged couples respectively. aged couples: cặp vợ
chồng già
Just over one fifth of single parents were over one fifth: hơn một
living in poverty, whereas only 12% of parents phần năm
living with a partner were classed as poor. living with a partner: sống
cùng với bạn đời
The same pattern can be seen for people
classed as: được phân loại
with no children: while 19% of single people in là
this group were living below the poverty line, The same pattern can be
the figure for couples was much lower, at only seen: Xu hướng tương tự
7%. có thể được nhìn thấy
living below the poverty
line: sống dưới mức nghèo
36
khổ
The table below gives information about the underground railway
systems in six cities.
The table shows data about the underground underground rail

rail networks in six major cities. networks: mạng lưới đường
sắt ngầm
The table compares the six networks in terms serve significantly more
of their age, size and the number of people passengers than: phục vụ
who use them each year. It is clear that the nhiều hành khách hơn
three oldest underground systems are larger kilometres of route: kilômét
and serve significantly more passengers đường
than the newer systems. half the size of: một nửa
kích thước
The London underground is the oldest system, in terms of size: về kích
having opened in 1863. It is also the largest thước
system, with 394 kilometres of route. The is easily the most used: dễ
second largest system, in Paris, is only about sử dụng nhất
half the size of the London underground, with the most extensive: rộng
199 kilometres of route. However, it serves nhất
more people per year. While only third in
terms of size, the Tokyo system is easily the
most used, with 1927 million passengers per
year.
Of the three newer networks, the Washington

DC underground is the most extensive, with
126 kilometres of route, compared to only 11
kilometres and 28 kilometres for the Kyoto and
Los Angeles systems. The Los Angeles
37
network is the newest, having opened in 2001,

while the Kyoto network is the smallest and
serves only 45 million passengers per year.
38
BAR CHART
The bar chart compares the time spent by 10 marginally more popular
to 15-year-olds in the UK on two activities, than: phổ biến hơn 1 xíu
namely chatting online and playing computer completely different trends
games. can be seen: xu hướng
hoàn toàn khác nhau có thể
Overall, we can see that playing computer được nhìn thấy
games is marginally more popular than the specific figures: những
chatting on the Internet. However, completely con số cụ thể
different trends can be seen if we look at the favour playing on games
specific figures for boys and girls. consoles: thích chơi trên
các bảng điều khiển trò chơi
Boys aged between 10 and 15 clearly According to: theo như
favourplaying on games consoles over the majority of: đa số
chatting online. According to the chart, while
85% of boys play computer games every day,
only 55% chat online daily. Furthermore, the
majority of boys play on their consoles for
39
more than one hour each day, and 10% do this

activity for four hours or more. Prefer: thích hơn
engage in online
By contrast, girls prefer chatting online. Close conversation: tham gia vào
to 70% of 10 to 15-year-old girls engage in cuộc trò chuyện trực tuyến
online conversation each day, compared to cohort: độ tuổi
about 50% of this cohort who play computer
games. Of the girls who do play on consoles,
most of them play for less than an hour,
whereas most girls who chat online do so for
more than one hour, and nearly 10% chat for
four hours or more.
40
The bar chart compares the amount of time calls made via local: các
spent by people in the UK on three different cuộc gọi được thực hiện qua
types of phone call between 1995 and 2002. địa phương
fixed lines: đường dây cố
It is clear that calls made vialocal, fixed lines định
were the most popular type, in terms of overall saw the most dramatic
usage, throughout the period shown. The increase in: chứng kiến sự
lowest figures on the chart are for mobile calls, gia tăng mạnh nhất trong
but this category also saw the most dramatic a total of: Tổng cộng
increase in user minutes. national or international
calls: các cuộc gọi trong
In 1995, people in the UK used fixed lines for a nước hoặc quốc tế
total of just over 70 billion minutes for local increased steadily: tăng
calls, and about half of that amount of time for dần
national or international calls. By contrast,
mobile phones were only used for around 4
billion minutes. Over the following four years,
the figures for all three types of phone call
41
increased steadily.
reached a peak: đạt đến
By 1999, the amount of time spent on local điểm cực đại
calls using landlines had reached a peak at category: thể loại
90 billion minutes. Subsequently, the figure for passed: vượt qua
this category fell, but the rise in the other two
types of phone call continued. In 2002, the
number of minutes of national / international
landline calls passed 60 billion, while the
figure for mobiles rose to around 45 billion
minutes.
42
The two charts compare the populations of age distribution by

France and India in terms of age distribution gender: phân bố tuổi theo
by gender in the year 1984. giới tính
on the other hand: Mặt
It is clear that the population of India was khác
younger than that of France in 1984, with a elderly inhabitants: người
noticeably larger proportion of people aged cao tuổi
under 20. France, on the other hand, had a close to: gần
significantly larger percentage of elderly age bracket: độ tuổi
inhabitants. contained an increasingly
smaller proportion of: có
In India, close to 14% of people were aged 5 một tỷ lệ ngày càng nhỏ hơn
or under, and each five-year age bracket more evenly distributed:
above this contained an increasingly được phân bố đều hơn
smaller proportion of the population. each five-year cohort: mỗi
France’s population, by contrast, was more nhóm tuổi cách nhau 5 năm
evenly distributed across the age ranges, the equivalent figure for:
with similar figures (around 7% to 8% of all con số tương đương cho
people) for each five-year cohort between
the ages of 0 and 40. Somewhere between
10% and 15% of all French people were aged
43
70 or older, but the equivalent figure for

India was only 2%. No significant gender
differences can be seen:
Looking more closely at gender, there was a Không có sự khác biệt đáng
noticeably higher proportion of French women kể nào về giới tính có thể
than men in every cohort from age 50 được nhìn thấy
upwards. For example, almost 3% of French
70- to 75-year-olds were women, while just
under 2% were men. No significant gender
differences can be seen on the Indian
population chart.
44
The bar chart compares the turnover in the turnover in dollars

dollars from sales of video games for four from sales of: doanh thu
different platforms, namely mobile phones, bằng đô la từ …
online, consoles and handheld devices, from different platforms: các
2000 to 2006. nền tảng khác nhau
consoles: bảng điều khiển
It is clear that sales of games for three out of trò chơi
the four platforms rose each year, leading to a handheld devices: thiết bị
significant rise in total global turnover over cầm tay
the 7-year period. Sales figures for handheld total global turnover: tổng
games were at least twice as high as those doanh thu toàn cầu
for any other platform in almost every year. Sales figures for: doanh số
cho
In 2000, worldwide sales of handheld games at least twice as high as: ít
stood at around $11 billion, while console nhất cao bằng hai lần
games earned just under $6 billion. No figures worldwide sales of: doanh
are given for mobile or online games in that số bán hàng trên toàn thế
year. Over the next 3 years, sales of giới
handheld video games rose by about $4 sales of handheld video
billion, but the figure for consoles decreased games rose: doanh số bán
by $2 billion. Mobile phone and online games hàng của trò chơi cầm tay
started to become popular, with sales reaching tăng lên
around $3 billion in 2003.
45
In 2006, sales of handheld, online and mobile

games reached peaks of 17, 9 and 7 billion
dollars respectively. By contrast, turnover
from console games dropped to its lowest reached peaks: đạt
point, at around $2.5 billion. đỉnh/cực đại
respectively: tương ứng
turnover from: doanh thu từ
dropped to its lowest
point: tụt xuống điểm thấp
nhất
46
The chart below shows the total number of Olympic medals won by
twelve different countries.
The bar chart compares twelve countries in the overall number of

terms of the overall number of medals that medals: tổng số huy
they have won at the Olympic Games. chương
the most successful
It is clear that the USA is by far the most Olympic medal winning
successful Olympic medal winning nation. nation: quốc gia Olympic
It is also noticeable that the figures for gold, chiến thắng huy chương
silver and bronze medals won by any thành công nhất
particular country tend to be fairly similar. gold, silver and bronze
medals: huy chương vàng,
The USA has won a total of around 2,300 bạc, đồng
Olympic medals, including approximately 900 a total of: Tổng cộng
gold medals, 750 silver and 650 bronze. In approximately: xấp xỉ
second place on the all-time medals chart In second place on the all-
is the Soviet Union, with just over 1,000 time medals chart: Vị trí
medals. Again, the number of gold medals thứ hai trên bảng xếp hạng
won by this country is slightly higher than the huy chương mọi thời đại
number of silver or bronze medals. similar proportions of: tỷ lệ
tương tự
Only four other countries - the UK, France,
Germany and Italy - have won more than 500
Olympic medals, all with similar proportions
of each medal colour. Apart from the USA and
the Soviet Union, China is the only other
country with a noticeably higher proportion of
47
gold medals (about 200) compared to silver

and bronze (about 100 each).
48
The chart below shows numbers of incidents and injuries per 100 million
passenger miles travelled (PMT) by transportation type in 2002.
The bar chart compares the number of incidents and injuries: sự

incidents and injuries for every 100 million cố và chấn thương
passenger miles travelledon five different every 100 million
passenger miles
types of public transport in 2002.
travelledon five different
types of public transport:
It is clear that the most incidents and injuries mỗi 100 triệu dặm chở
took place on demand-response vehicles. By khách đi du lịch trên năm
contrast, commuter rail services recorded by loại giao thông khác nhau
far the lowest figures. took place: diễn ra
commuter rail services:
dịch vụ đường sắt đi lại
A total of 225 incidents and 173 injuries, per
demand-response
100 million passenger miles travelled, took transport services: dịch vụ
place on demand-response transport vận tải đáp ứng nhu cầu
services. These figures were nearly three light rail trains: tàu lửa nhẹ
times as high as those for the second highest Heavy rail services: Dịch
category, bus services. There were 76 vụ đường sắt hạng nặng
incidents and 66 people were injured on commuter rail passengers:
hành khách đường sắt đi
buses.
làm
occurred: xảy ra
Rail services experienced fewer problems. The
number of incidents on light rail trains
49
equalled the figure recorded for buses, but

there were significantly fewer injuries, at only
39. Heavy rail services saw lower numbers of
such events than light rail services, but
commuter rail passengers were even less
likely to experience problems. In fact, only 20
incidents and 17 injuries occurred on
commuter trains.
50
The charts below show the levels of participation in education and

science in developing and industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.
The three bar charts show average years of average years of

schooling, numbers of scientists and schooling: trung bình năm
đi học
51
technicians, and research and development technicians: kỹ thuật viên

spending in developing and developed research and development
countries. Figures are given for 1980 and spending: chi tiêu cho
nghiên cứu và phát triển
1990.
developed countries: các
It is clear from the charts that the figures fornước phát triển
developed countries are much higher than developing nations: Các
those for developing nations. Also, the charts nước đang phát triển
show an overall increase in participation in participation in: tham gia
education and science from 1980 to 1990. attended school: đi học
an average of: Trung bình
industrialised countries:
People in developing nations attended school
Các nước công nghiệp hoá
for an average of around 3 years, with only a saw rapid growth: thấy sự
slight increase in years of schooling from 1980 tăng trưởng nhanh
to 1990. On the other hand, the figure for
industrialised countries rose from nearly 9
years of schooling in 1980 to nearly 11 years
in 1990.
From 1980 to 1990, the number of scientists

and technicians in industrialised countries
almost doubled to about 70 per 1000 people.
Spending on research and development also
saw rapid growth in these countries, reaching
$350 billion in 1990. By contrast, the number
of science workers in developing countries
remained below 20 per 1000 people, and
research spending fell from about $50 billion to
only $25 billion.
52
The chart below shows information about changes in average house

prices in five different cities between 1990 and 2002 compared with the
average house prices in 1989.
The bar chart compares the cost of an average major cities: các thành phố
house in five major cities over a period of 13 lớn
years from 1989. house prices: giá nhà
saw rising prices: thấy giá
We can see that house prices fell overall tăng
between 1990 and 1995, but most of the cities experienced by far the
saw rising prices between 1996 and 2002. greatest changes in: trải
London experienced by far the greatest qua những thay đổi lớn nhất
changes in house prices over the 13-year trong
period. the cost of average
homes: chi phí của các ngôi
Over the 5 years after 1989, the cost of nhà trung bình
average homes in Tokyo and London went down: đi xuống
dropped by around 7%, while New York house
prices went down by 5%. By contrast, prices
rose by approximately 2% in both Madrid and
53
Frankfurt.
jumped: tăng lên
Between 1996 and 2002, London house prices pay significantly more: trả
jumped to around 12% above the 1989 nhiều hơn đáng kể
average. Homebuyers in New York also had to a further: thêm nữa
pay significantly more, with prices rising to remained stable: vẫn ổn
5% above the 1989 average, but homes in định
Tokyo remained cheaper than they were in
1989. The cost of an average home in Madrid
rose by a further 2%, while prices in Frankfurt
remained stable.
54
MIXED CHARTS
The chart below shows the results of a survey of people who visited four
types of tourist attraction in Britain in the year 1999.
The pie chart compares figures for visitors to visitors to four categories
four categories of tourist attraction and to of tourist attraction: du
five different theme parks in Britain in 1999. khách đến bốn loại điểm thu
hút du lịch
It is clear that theme parks and museums / theme parks: công viên giải
galleries were the two most popular types of trí
tourist attraction in that year. Blackpool galleries: phòng triển lãm
Pleasure Beach received by far the highest the highest proportion of:
proportion of visitors in the theme park tỷ lệ cao nhất
sector. the surveyed visitors: các
du khách được khảo sát
Looking at the information in more detail, we historic houses: nhà lịch
can see that 38% of the surveyed visitors sử
went to a theme park, and 37% of them went the sample: mẫu
to a museum or gallery. By contrast, historic wildlife parks: vườn thú
houses and monuments were visited by only hoang dã
16% of the sample, while wildlife parks and the least popular: ít phổ
zoos were the least popular of the four types biến nhất
of tourist attraction, with only 9% of visitors. almost half of: gần một nửa
amusement park: công viên
In the theme park sector, almost half of the giải trí
people surveyed (47%) had been to Blackpool
55
Pleasure Beach. Alton Towers was the second

most popular amusement park, with 17% of
the sample, followed by Pleasureland in
Southport, with 16%. Finally, Chessington
World of Adventures and Legoland Windsor
had each welcomed 10% of the surveyed
visitors.
56
The bar chart below shows the proportions of English men and women
of different ages who were living alone in 2011. The pie chart compares
the numbers of bedrooms in these one-person households.
The two charts give information about single- single-occupant

occupant households in England in the year households: hộ gia đình
2011. The bar chart compares figures for một người
57
occupants' age and gender, and the pie

chart shows data about the number of occupants' age and
bedrooms in these homes. gender: tuổi và giới tính của
người ở
Overall, females made up a higher proportion made up: chiếm
of people living alone than males, and this living alone: sống một mình
difference is particularly noticeable in the noticeable: đáng chú ý
older age categories. We can also see that the older age categories:
the most common number of bedrooms in a nhóm tuổi già hơn
single-occupant home was two. A significant majority of:
Phần lớn đa số
A significant majority of the people aged 65 accounted for: chiếm
or over who were living alone in England in
2011 were female. Women made up around
72% of single occupants aged 75 to 84, and
76% of those aged 85 or over. By contrast,
among younger adults the figures for males
were higher. For example, in the 35-49 age
category, men accounted for nearly 65% of
people living alone.
In the same year, 35.4% of one-person

households in England had two bedrooms,
while one-bedroom and three-bedroom homes
accounted for 28% and 29.8% of the total.
Under 7% of single-occupant homes had four
or more bedrooms.
58
The climograph below shows average monthly temperatures and rainfall

in the city of Kolkata.
The chart compares average figures for Temperature: nhiệt độ

temperature and precipitation over the Precipitation: lượng mưa
course of a calendar year in Kolkata. vary considerably: thay đổi
đáng kể
It is noticeable that monthly figures for remain relatively stable:
precipitation in Kolkata vary considerably, giữ tương đối ổn định
whereas monthly temperatures remain average temperatures:
relatively stable. Rainfall is highest from July nhiệt độ trung bình
to August, while temperatures are highest in lowest point: điểm thấp
April and May. nhất
rainfall: lượng mưa
Between the months of January and May, over the same period:
average temperatures in Kolkata rise from trong cùng một khoảng thời
their lowest point at around 20°C to a peak of gian
just over 30°C. Average rainfall in the city also
rises over the same period, from
59
approximately 20mm of rain in January to

100mm in May. stay roughly the same: giữ
gần như không đổi
While temperatures stay roughly the same peaking at: đỉnh điểm tại
for the next four months, the amount of rainfall see a dramatic fall in: thấy
more than doubles between May and June. một sự sụt giảm mạnh mẽ
Figures for precipitation remain above 250mm a steady drop: một sự sụt
from June to September, peaking at around giảm liên tục
330mm in July. The final three months of the
year see a dramatic fall in precipitation, to a
low of about 10mm in December, and a
steady drop in temperatures back to the
January average.
60
The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide
and water consumption in two different countries.
The charts compare the amount of water used Agriculture: Nông nghiệp
for agriculture, industry and homes around Industry: Công nghiệp
the world, and water use in Brazil and the Homes: nhà ở
Democratic Republic of Congo. global water needs: nhu
cầu nước toàn cầu
It is clear that global water needs rose accounted for the largest
significantly between 1900 and 2000, and that proportion of: chiếm tỷ lệ
agriculture accounted for the largest lớn nhất
proportion of water used. We can also see considerably higher: cao
that water consumption was considerably hơn đáng kể
higher in Brazil than in the Congo. the agriculture sector:
ngành nông nghiệp
In 1900, around 500km³ of water was used by one fifth: một phần năm
the agriculture sector worldwide. The figures global water use: sử dụng
for industrial and domestic water consumption nước toàn cầu
61
stood at around one fifth of that amount. By

2000, global water use for agriculture had
increased to around 3000km³, industrial water Water consumption: Sự
use had risen to just under half that amount, tiêu thụ nước
and domestic consumption had reached this could be explained by
approximately 500km³. the fact that: điều này có
thể được giải thích bởi thực
In the year 2000, the populations of Brazil and tế là
the Congo were 176 million and 5.2 million irrigated land: đất được
respectively. Water consumption per person tưới tiêu
in Brazil, at 359m³, was much higher than that
in the Congo, at only 8m³, and this could be
explained by the fact that Brazil had 265
times more irrigated land.
62
PROCESS
The diagram illustrates the stages in Salmon: Cá hồi

the life of the salmon, from birth to Birth: sinh ra
maturity. Maturity: trưởng thành
main stages: những giai đoạn chính
It is clear that there are six* main mature adult: con lớn trưởng thành
stages as the salmon develops from distinct locations: những vị trí khác
egg to mature adult. We can also nhau
see that salmon spend time in three cycle: chu kỳ
distinct locations during the cycle, estuary: cửa sông
moving from river to estuary to ocean: đại dương
63
ocean and then back upstream. upstream: Thượng nguồn

lay and incubate their eggs: đẻ
Salmon begin their lives in rivers trứng và ấp trứng
where the adult fish lay and emerging from eggs: nở ra từ trứng
incubate their eggs. After emerging being reared in freshwater areas:
from eggs, the young salmon spend sinh trưởng ở các vùng nước ngọt
the next stage of their lives being swim downstream to river
reared in freshwater areas. Then, at estuaries: bơi xuống hạ lưu đến cửa
some point in their development, the sông
fish swim downstream to river migrate to: di chuyển đến
estuaries where rearing continues. become fully grown adults: trở
thành con lớn trưởng thành
Following the estuary rearing period, travel back upstream to spawning
the maturing salmon migrate to the areas of rivers: đi ngược dòng xuôi
ocean, where they eventually đến các vùng sinh sản của sông
become fully grown adults. Finally, reproduce: tái sản xuất/sinh nở
the adult fish travel back upstream begins anew: bắt đầu lại
to spawning areas of rivers; here
they reproduce and lay their eggs,
and the life cycle begins anew
64
The diagram shows the life cycle of a honey bee.
The diagram illustrates the various various stages in the life of: các
stages in the life of a honey bee. We giai đoạn khác nhau trong cuộc đời
can see that the complete life cycle của
lasts between 34 and 36 days. It is also the complete life cycle: chu kỳ
noticeable that there are five main sống hoàn chỉnh
stages in the development of the honey mature adult insect: con côn
bee, from egg to mature adult insect. trùng trưởng thành
the female adult: con cái trưởng
The life cycle of the honey bee begins thành
when the female adult lays an egg; the hatches: nở
female typically lays one or two eggs immature insect: côn trùng chưa
every 3 days. Between 9 and 10 days trưởng thành
later, each egg hatches and the appears: xuất hiện
immature insect, or nymph, appears.
65
During the third stage of the life cycle, grows in size: phát triển về kích
the nymph grows in size and sheds its thước
skin three times. This moulting first sheds its skin: thay da của nó
takes place 5 days after the egg moulting: lột da
hatches, then 7 days later, and again takes place: diễn ra
another 9 days later. After a total of 30 emerges from its final moulting
to 31 days from the start of the cycle, stage: xuất hiện từ giai đoạn thay
the young adult honey bee emerges da cuối cùng
from its final moulting stage, and in reaches full maturity: đạt đến sự
the space of only 4 days it reaches full trưởng thành đầy đủ
maturity.
66
The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling.
The flow chart shows how waste Recycled: Tái chế

paper is recycled. It is clear that the initial collection of waste
there are six distinct stages in this paper: gia đoạn thu nhặt ban đầu
process, from the initial collection của giấy thải
of waste paper to the eventual the eventual production of usable
production of usable paper. paper: giai đoạn sản xuất giấy có thể
sử dụng được
At the first stage in the paper members of the public: thành viên
recycling process, waste paper is của công chúng
collected either from paper banks, sorted by hand: được phân loại
where members of the public leave bằng tay
their used paper, or directly from separated according to its grade:
businesses. This paper is then sorted phân loại theo chất lượng của nó
by hand and separated according suitable for: phù hợp với
to its grade, with any paper that is removed: bị loại bỏ
not suitable for recycling being transported to: được vận chuyển
removed. Next, the graded paper is đến
transported to a paper mill. cleaned and pulped: được làm sạch
và làm nhão
Stages four and five of the process foreign objects: vật không cần thiết
both involve cleaning. The paper is staples: đinh kẹp
cleaned and pulped, and foreign remnants of ink and glue: tàn dư
objects such as staples are taken của mực và keo
67
out. Following this, all remnants of de-inking stage: khử mực

ink and glue are removed from the processed: xử lý
paper at the de-inking stage. Finally,
the pulp can be processed in a
paper making machine, which makes
the end product: usable paper.
68
The diagram below shows how coffee is produced and prepared for sale
in supermarkets and shops.
The picture illustrates the process of coffee manufacture: sản xuất cà

coffee manufacture and preparation phê
for sale on the market. the picking of: việc chọn lựa
the packing stage: giai đoạn đóng
It is clear that there are 11 stages in gói
the production of coffee. The process coffee beans: hạt cà phê
begins with the picking of coffee dried: được sấy khô
beans, and ends at the packing roasted: được rang
stage. cooled: được làm nguội
a grinding machine: máy nghiền
Looking at the coffee production coffee granules: hạt cà phê
process in detail, coffee beans must is mixed with: trộn lẫn với
first be picked in the fields. These mixture: hỗn hợp
beans are then dried, roasted, and strained: được ép
cooled before being put in a frozen: đông lạnh
grinding machine, which turns the passed once again through the
beans into coffee granules. grinder: được đưa qua máy nghiền 1
lần nữa
At the sixth stage in the process, the
ground coffee is mixed with hot
water, and the resulting mixture is
69
strained. Next, the mixture is frozen

and then passed once again
through the grinder. After that, the The ground, frozen liquid: chất lỏng
ground, frozen liquid is dried in a đông lạnh đã được nghiền
vacuum so that the water vacuum: chân không
evaporates, leaving the coffee evaporates: bay hơi
granules. Finally, these granules are coffee jars: bình cà phê
packed into coffee jars for delivery delivery to: chuyển tới
to shops.
70
The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology

collects up-to-the-minute information on the weather in order to produce
reliable forecasts.
71
The figure illustrates the process forecast the weather: dự báo thời
used by the Australian Bureau of tiết
Meteorology to forecast the
weather.
There are four stages in the process, the collection of: bộ sưu tập của
beginning with the collection of analysed: phân tích
information about the weather. This prepared for presentation: chuẩn bị
information is then analysed, cho việc thuyết trình
preparedfor presentation, and broadcast to the public: phát sóng
finally broadcast to the public. tới công chúng
collecting weather data: thu thập dữ
Looking at the first and second liệu thời tiết
stages of the process, there are three incoming information: thông tin đến
ways of collecting weather data and satellite: vệ tinh
three ways of analysing it. Firstly, satellite photo: ảnh vệ tinh
incoming information can be radar station: trạm ra đa
received by satellite and presented radar screen: màn hình ra đa
for analysis as a satellite photo. The synoptic chart: biểu đồ tổng hợp
same data can also be passed to a drifting buoys: phao nổi
radar station and presented on a delivered to: giao cho
radar screen or synoptic chart. a recorded telephone
Secondly, incoming information may announcement: một thông báo điện
be collected directly by radar and thoại được ghi lại
analysed on a radar screen or
synoptic chart. Finally, drifting buoys
also receive data which can be
shown on a synoptic chart.
At the third stage of the process, the

weather broadcast is prepared on
computers. Finally, it is delivered to
the public on television, on the radio,
or as a recorded telephone
announcement.
72
The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous
movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.
The picture illustrates the way in passes from ocean to air to land: đi
which water passes from ocean to từ đại dương đến không khí
air to land during the natural process the water cycle: chu kỳ nước
known as the water cycle. evaporates: bay hơi
falls as rain: rơi dưới hình thức mưa
Three main stages are shown on the runs back into: chảy ngược về
diagram. Ocean water evaporates, vapour: hơi
falls as rain, and eventually runs Heat: nhiệt
back into the oceans again. Condenses: ngưng tụ
form clouds: hình thành đám mây
Beginning at the evaporation stage, labeled: được dán nhãn, có tên là
we can see that 80% of water vapour
in the air comes from the oceans.
Heat from the sun causes water to
evaporate, and water vapour
condenses to form clouds. At the
second stage, labelled ‘precipitation’
on the diagram, water falls as rain or
73
snow.
At the third stage in the cycle, take various paths: đi theo nhiều
rainwater may take various paths. con đường
Some of it may fall into lakes or return surface runoff: dòng chảy bề mặt
to the oceans via ‘surface runoff’. Otherwise: Nếu không thì
Otherwise, rainwater may filter filter through the ground: lọc qua
through the ground, reaching the mặt đất
impervious layer of the earth. Salt the impervious layer: lớp không
water intrusion is shown to take thấm
place just before groundwater Salt water intrusion: sự xâm nhập
passes into the oceans to complete của nước muối
the cycle. take place: diễn ra
groundwater: nước ngầm
74
MAP
The diagrams below show the site of a school in 2004 and the plan for
changes to the school site in 2024.
75
The two pictures compare the layout the layout of: cách bố trí
of a school as it was in the year 2004 a proposed site design: thiết kế của
with a proposed site design for the địa điểm được đề xuất
year 2024. the addition of: bổ sung
accommodate a considerably
It is clear that the main change for larger number of students: chứa
2024 involves the addition of a new một số lượng đáng kể sinh viên
school building. The school will then were separated by: đã được phân
be able to accommodate a cách bởi
considerably larger number of path: con đường
students. the main entrance: lối vào chính
sports field: khu vực thể thao
In 2004, there were 600 pupils pupils: học sinh
attending the school, and the two constructed: được xây dựng
school buildings were separated by original buildings: tòa nhà ban đầu
a path running from the main links: liên kết
entrance to the sports field. By car park: bãi đậu xe
2024, it is expected that there will be
1000 pupils, and a third building will
have been constructed.
Furthermore, the plan is to join the
two original buildings together,
creating a shorter path that links the
buildings only.
As the third building and a second

car park will be built on the site of the
original sports field, a new, smaller
sports field will need to be laid. A new
road will also be built from the main
entrance to the second car park.
Finally, no changes will be made to
the main entrance and original car
park.
76

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IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Chào các bạn,

Chúc các bạn học thật tốt!

A dramatic increase in both commodity prices was

The line graph compares three companies in in terms of: về mặt

material respectively. Over the following 5

of the number of children taking part, football

The graph below shows the average number of UK commuters travelling

and the number of commuting rail passengers commuting rail

The graph below shows trends in US meat and poultry consumption.

least popular meat, with figures below 10

The graph below shows US consumers' average annual expenditures on

The line graph compares average yearly average yearly spending:

In the year 2006, the average American paid

$500 on each. By 2010, expenditure on mobile

The line graph compares the percentage of the percentage of: tỷ lệ

Looking into the future, a sudden increase in Jump: sự tăng

The pie charts compare visitors’ responses visitors’ responses to a

as many people gave this rating five years

Such dramatic differences are not seen when we

industry in San Diego and worldwide, while the

the year 2000, and that the same is predicted

In the year 2000, just over half of the

In 1981, 40% of the school’s budget went on

from 28% of the budget in 1981 to only 15% in

The table compares two primary schools in Pupils: học sinh

lessons, while the equivalent figures for

The tables below give information about sales of Fairtrade*-labelled

was over three times higher than Switzerland’s

The chart compares the amounts of waste the amounts of waste:

The trends for Ireland and Korea were

The table compares the numbers of people cycled to work: đạp xe để

Brighton and Hove saw the second biggest

cycling commuters, with 8,108 in 2001 and

The table compares the percentages of people Functions: Chức năng

games and to record video, with figures

The table below gives information on consumer spending on different

The table shows percentages of consumer consumer expenditure: Chi

It can be seen that Sweden had the lowest

figures for these categories, but the lowest

The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families

The table gives information about poverty poverty rates: tỷ lệ đói

The table shows data about the underground underground rail

Of the three newer networks, the Washington

network is the newest, having opened in 2001,

more than one hour each day, and 10% do this

The two charts compare the populations of age distribution by

70 or older, but the equivalent figure for

The bar chart compares the turnover in the turnover in dollars

In 2006, sales of handheld, online and mobile

The bar chart compares twelve countries in the overall number of

gold medals (about 200) compared to silver

The bar chart compares the number of incidents and injuries: sự

equalled the figure recorded for buses, but

The charts below show the levels of participation in education and

The three bar charts show average years of average years of

technicians, and research and development technicians: kỹ thuật viên

From 1980 to 1990, the number of scientists

The chart below shows information about changes in average house

Pleasure Beach. Alton Towers was the second

The two charts give information about single- single-occupant

occupants' age and gender, and the pie