The Battle Of Khayber The Battle Of Moota

After capturing the forts of Na'im & Qamus, the Muslims turned their attention By 8 A.H. there was security in most of Arabia & the call of Islam had
to the forts of Watih & Sulaalim. extended to many parts. The Holy Prophet (S) sent envoys to neighboring
countries & invited their rulers to embrace Islam.

The Battle Of Hunayn The Battle Of Ta'if

The battle of Uhud had begun with the victory of the Muslims & had ended The Bani Saqeef were amongst the people who fought against Islam in the
with their defeat; the battle of Hunayn began with their defeat & ended with battle of Hunayn. After suffering a defeat in this battle, they took refuge in a
their victory. strong fort in their own town.

The Battle Of Tabuk The Battle of Badr

Tabuk was the last Islamic campaign in which the Prophet took part. After With the Battle of Badr begans a remarkable Era in the history of Islam. This
that he did not participate in any battle battle laid the foundation of the Islamic State & made out of the Muslims a
force to be reckoned with by the dwellers of the Arabian Peninsula.

The Battle of Uhud The Battle of Jamal

The Qureshites came out from the Battle of Badr with an astonishing result Ayesha declares herself as the avenger of the murder of Uthman & prepared
which they did not expect. ... Quraish, one year after the Battle of Badr, to wage war against Imam Ali (A).
marched towards Madinah to avenge their defeat.

The Battle of Siffin The Battle of Nahrawan

At Siffin, Muawiya had stationed his general, Abul Awr, with 10,000 men on Af te r the unsatisfactory conclusion to the Battle of Siffin, Imam Ali (A)
the river to stop the access to water for Imam Ali's (A) army. returned with his army back to Kufa ... The group was furious at the way
things had ended at Siffin.

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Battle of Badr
What is Badr? Abu’l-Yaq¨an says: Badr is the name of a man of Ghifar, the tribe of Abu-Dharr Ghifari.[159] Shi`bi says: Badr is the name of a well attributed to a man
called Badr.[160]

The battle of Badr was the most horrific among the other battles, the first trial of Muslims, and the one taking place vehemently between the Holy Prophet and the
atheists of Quraysh.

God Almighty states about the trial of Muslims: “Even as your Lord caused you to go forth from your house with the truth, though a party of the believers were
surely averse; They disputed with you about the truth after it had become clear, and they went forth as if they were being driven to death while they saw it.” (8:5-6).
This battle happened eighteen months after the immigration of the Holy Prophet (s.a) to Medina and `Ali was twenty seven years old.[161]

The atheists of Quraysh insisted on fighting this battle, for they outnumbered the Muslims, though among them, there were far-sighted men who were not ignorant of
the consequences of this battle, had taken part reluctantly, had been forced into the battle and challenged only their peers. The Messenger of Allah too warned his
army not to fight them, saying: They only challenge their peers. Hence, the first person who was given mission to fight them was `Ali and his match was Walid ibn
`Utbah, a man of courage and valor but he was killed by `Ali after a short fighting.[162]

Al-`As ibn Sa`id ibn al-`As was a man of courage and horror. For this reason, no one was ready to fight him. He too was killed by `Ali. [163]

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ُ
‫ ﴿أَْﺟٌﺮ َﻋِﻈﯿٌﻢ﴾ ﻓََﺼَﺪَق اُﷲ‬:‫ اﻟﱠِﺬﯾَﻦ آَﻣُﻨﻮا َو َﻫﺎَﺟُﺮوا َوَﺟﺎ َﻫُﺪوا ﻓِﻲ َﺳِﺒﯿِﻞ اِﱠﷲ ِﺑﺄَْﻣَﻮاﻟِِﻬْﻢ َوأَﻧُﻔِﺴِﻬْﻢ أَْﻋَﻈُﻢ َدَرَﺟًﺔ ِﻋْﻨَﺪ اِﱠﷲ َوأُْوﻟَِﺌَﻚ ُﻫْﻢ اْﻟَﻔﺎِﺋُﺰوَن…﴾ إﻟَﻰ ﻗَْﻮﻟِِﻪ‬.‫َوَﺟﺎ َﻫَﺪ ﻓِﻲ َﺳِﺒﯿِﻞ اِﱠﷲ َﻻ َﯾْﺴَﺘُﻮوَن ِﻋْﻨَﺪ اِﱠﷲ َواﱠﷲ َﻻ َﯾْﻬِﺪي اْﻟَﻘْﻮَم اﻟﱠﻈﺎﻟِِﻤﯿَﻦ‬
.‫َﻋِﻠﱠﯿًﺎ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﻓﻲ َدْﻋﻮاُه َوَﺷِﻬَﺪ َﻟُﻪ ِﺑﺎﻹﯾﻤﺎِن َواﻟُﻤﻬﺎَﺟَﺮِة َواﻟِﺠﻬﺎِد‬

:‫َوَﻏَﺰواُﺗُﻪ َﻣْﺸﻬﻮَرُة‬

:‫ﻓَِﻔﻲ َﻏﺰاِة َﺑْﺪٍر‬

.‫ إﱠﻧُﻪ َرُﺟٌﻞ ِﻣْﻦ ِﻏﻔﺎٍر َر ْﻫِﻂ أَِﺑﻲ َذﱟر اﻟِﻐﻔﺎِرﱢي‬:‫ﻗَﺎَل أَُﺑﻮ اﻟَﯿْﻘﻈﺎِن‬

.‫ )َﺑْﺪٌر ( ِﺑْﺌٌﺮ َﻛﺎَﻧْﺖ ِﻟَﺮُﺟٍﻞ ُﯾَﺴّﻤﻰ َﺑْﺪرًا‬:‫َوﻗﺎَل اﻟﱢﺸْﻌِﺒﱡﻲ‬

‫ ُﯾَﺠﺎِدُﻟﻮَﻧَﻚ ِﻓﻲ اْﻟَﺤﱢﻖ َﺑْﻌَﺪ َﻣﺎ َﺗَﺒﱠﯿَﻦ َﻛﺄَﱠﻧَﻤﺎ ُﯾَﺴﺎُﻗﻮَن إِﻟَﻰ اْﻟَﻤْﻮِت َو ُﻫْﻢ‬.‫ ﴿َﻛَﻤﺎ أَْﺧَﺮَﺟَﻚ َرﱡﺑَﻚ ِﻣْﻦ َﺑْﯿِﺘَﻚ ِﺑﺎْﻟَﺤﱢﻖ َوإِﱠن ﻓَِﺮﯾًﻘﺎ ِﻣَﻦ اْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ ﻟََﻜﺎِر ُﻫﻮَن‬:‫َو َﻫِﺬِه اﻟَﻐﺰاُة ِﻫَﻲ اﻟﱠﺪا ِﻫَﯿُﺔ اﻟُﻌْﻈﻤﻰ َوأَﱠوُل َﺣْﺮٍب َﻛﺎَن ِﺑِﻪ اﻹْﻣِﺘﺤﺎُن َﺣْﯿُﺚ ﻗَﺎَل اﷲ َﺗﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬
﴾.‫َﯾﻨُﻈُﺮوَن‬
ٌ ‫ ﻓََﺘَﺤﱠﺪْﺗُﻬْﻢ ُﻗَﺮْﯾ‬.‫ َوِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ َﻣْﻦ َﺧَﺮَج ﻛﺎِر ﻫًﺎ‬،‫ َوَﻛﺎَن اْﻟُﻤْﺸِﺮﻛﻮَن ﻗَْﺪ أََﺻﱡﺮوا َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟِﻘﺘﺎِل ِﻟَﻜْﺜَﺮِﺗِﻬْﻢ َوِﻗﱠﻠِﺔ اﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﯿَﻦ‬.‫س َﺛﻤﺎِﻧَﯿَﺔ َﻋَﺸَﺮ َﺷْﻬﺮًا ِﻣْﻦ ُﻗﺪوِﻣِﻪ اْﻟَﻤﺪﯾَﻨَﺔ َوُﻋْﻤُﺮ َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﺳْﺒ َﻊ َﻋﺸَﺮَة َﺳَﻨًﺔ‬
‫ﺶ ِﺑﺎﻟِﺒﺮاِز‬ ِ ْ‫َﻛﺎَﻧْﺖ َﻋﻠَﻰ َرأ‬
.‫ َﻓَﻘَﺘَﻠُﻪ‬،‫ َوَﻛﺎَن ُﺷﺠﺎﻋًﺎ َﺟﺮﯾﺌًﺎ‬،‫ َﻓﺒﺎَرَزُه اﻟَﻮﻟﯿُﺪ ْﺑُﻦ ُﻋْﺘَﺒَﺔ‬،‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ أََﻣَﺮ َﻋِﻠﱠﯿًﺎ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﯾْﺒُﺮُز إَِﻟْﯿِﻬْﻢ‬.‫ َﻓَﻤَﻨَﻌُﻬُﻢ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َوﻗﺎَل إﱠن اﻟَﻘْﻮَم َﻃَﻠﺒﻮا اَﻷْﻛﻔﺎ َء‬.‫َواْﻗَﺘَﺮَﺣِﺖ اَﻷْﻛﻔﺎ َء‬

.‫ص َﺑْﻌَﺪ أْن أْﺣَﺠَﻢ َﻋْﻨُﻪ اﻟﱠﻨﺎُس َﻷﱠﻧُﻪ َﻛﺎَن َﻫْﻮًﻻ ِﻋﻈﯿﻤًﺎ‬ َ ‫َوﻗََﺘَﻞ اﻟَﻌﺎ‬
ِ ‫ص ْﺑَﻦ َﺳﻌﯿِﺪ ْﺑِﻦ اﻟﻌﺎ‬

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Hanzalah ibn Abi-Sufyan too fought `Ali but he was killed. `Ali injured ibn `Adi, too.[164] Then, Nawfal ibn Khuwaylid, who was highly-esteemed and obeyed by
people of Quraysh, entered the battle. Nawfal was very clever and a mischief-maker and the one who had tied down Abu-Bakr and Talhah with a rope and had

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tortured them till he set them free with the mediation of others.[165]

Once the Messenger of Allah found out that Nawfal had taken part in this battle, he raised his hands in prayer, saying: O Lord, eradicate him. Soon, he was killed by
Imam `Ali in a hand to hand fighting. After Nawfal’s perdition, the Holy Prophet said: Who will bring me the news of Nawfal? `Ali said: O Messenger of Allah, I
killed him. While rejoicing and saying: Allah is the Greatest, the Holy Prophet said: Thanks Lord who answered my prayer.[166]

Imam `Ali was in the front line of the battle fighting the atheists of Quraysh and killing them one after the other. In this battle, seventy of Quraysh leaders were killed
by `Ali and the rest were killed by Muslims and three thousand angels who had taken part in the battle.[167]

Following the killing of seventy courageous men of Quraysh, the Holy Prophet (s.a) threw a handful of small sands on them, saying: May your faces turn ugly
thereby they were all defeated and started fleeing.[168]

The Battle of Uhud

The battle of Uhud took place in the month of Shawwal and `Ali was hardly nineteen years old then.[169]

The battle of Uhud was waged to make up for the defeat of leaders of Quraysh in the battle of Badr. Therefore, they plotted to annihilate Muslims by spending much
money and informed Abu-Sufyan of the plot. Abu-Sufyan, after counseling with his aides, decided to besiege Medina in order to kill the Messenger of Allah and his
aides.[170] The Holy Prophet (s.a) was informed of Quraysh’s move, so he exchanged views with his companions and decided that the fighting to take place
outside Medina and moved towards Uhud with the Muslims. One third of crowd who were hypocrites returned to Medina, half way. So the Holy Prophet (s.a)
headed for the place of martyrdom along with seven hundred people. In this relation, God Almighty states: “And when you did go forth early in the morning from
your family to lodge the believers in encampments for war…” (3:121). [171]

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.‫َوَﺑَﺮَز إَﻟْﯿِﻪ َﺣْﻨَﻈَﻠُﺔ ْﺑُﻦ أَِﺑﻲ ُﺳْﻔﯿﺎَن ﻓََﻘَﺘَﻠُﻪ‬

.‫َوَﻃَﻌَﻦ اْﺑَﻦ َﻋِﺪﱟي ُﺛﱠﻢ َﻧْﻮﻓََﻞ ْﺑَﻦ ُﺧَﻮْﯾﻠٍِﺪ َوَﻛﺎَن ِﻣْﻦ َﺷﯿﺎِﻃﯿِﻦ ُﻗَﺮْﯾٍﺶ َوﻛﺎَﻧْﺖ ُﺗَﻘﱢﺪُﻣُﻪ َوُﺗَﻌﱢﻈُﻤُﻪ َوُﺗﻄﯿُﻌُﻪ َوَﻛﺎَن ﻗَْﺪ ﻗََﺮَن أََﺑﺎ َﺑْﻜٍﺮ َوَﻃْﻠَﺤَﺔ ﻗَْﺒَﻞ اْﻟِﻬْﺠَﺮِة ِﺑَﻤﱠﻜَﺔ َوأَْوَﺛَﻘُﻬﻤﺎ ِﺑَﺤْﺒٍﻞ َوَﻋﱠﺬَﺑُﻬﻤﺎ َﯾْﻮﻣًﺎ َﺣﱠﺘﻰ ُﺳِﺌَﻞ ﻓِﻲ أَْﻣِﺮ ِﻫﻤﺎ‬

.‫ أَﻧﺎ ﻗََﺘْﻠُﺘُﻪ َﯾﺎ َرﺳﻮَل اِﷲ‬:‫ َﻣْﻦ َﻟُﻪ ِﻋْﻠٌﻢ ِﺑَﻨْﻮﻓٍَﻞ؟ ﻗَﺎَل‬:‫ ﻓََﻠﱠﻤﺎ ﻗََﺘَﻠُﻪ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻗَﺎَل َرﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َوَﺳﱠﻠَﻢ‬.‫ اﻟﱠﻠُﻬﱠﻢ إْﻛِﻔِﻨﻲ َﻧْﻮﻓًﻼ‬:‫وﻗَﺎَل َرﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َﻟﱠﻤﺎ َﻋِﻠَﻢ ِﺑُﺤﻀﻮِر َﻧْﻮﻓٍَﻞ َﺑْﺪرًا ﻗَﺎَل‬
.‫ اْﻟَﺤْﻤُﺪ ِﷲ اﻟﱠِﺬي أَﺟﺎَب َدْﻋَﻮِﺗﻲ ﻓِﯿِﻪ‬:‫ﻓََﻜﱠﺒَﺮ َوﻗﺎَل‬

.‫ َوﻗََﺘَﻞ اْﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﻮَن ﻛﺎﱠﻓًﺔ َوَﺛﻼَﺛُﺔ آﻻٍف ِﻣَﻦ اْﻟَﻤﻼِﺋَﻜِﺔ اْﻟُﻤَﺴﱢﻮﻣﯿَﻦ اﻟﱢﻨْﺼَﻒ اﻵَﺧَﺮ‬،‫َوَﻟْﻢ َﯾَﺰْل َﯾْﻘُﺘُﻞ واِﺣﺪًا َﺑْﻌَﺪ واِﺣٍﺪ َﺣﱠﺘﻰ ﻗََﺘَﻞ ِﻧْﺼَﻒ اْﻟَﻤْﻘﺘﻮﻟﯿَﻦ َوﻛﺎﻧﻮا َﺳْﺒﻌﯿَﻦ‬

.‫ ﻓَﺎْﻧَﻬَﺰﻣﻮا َﺟِﻤﯿﻌًﺎ‬.‫ َﺷﺎ َﻫِﺖ اﻟُﻮُﺟﻮُه‬:‫ُﺛﱠﻢ َرَﻣﻰ َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ ِﺑَﻜﱟﻒ ِﻣَﻦ اْﻟَﺤﺼﺎ َوﻗﺎَل‬

:‫َوﻓﻲ َﻏﺰاِة ُأُﺣٍﺪ‬

.‫َوﻛﺎَﻧْﺖ ِﻓﻲ َﺷﱠﻮاٍل َوﻟَْﻢ َﯾْﺒُﻠ ْﻎ ُﻋْﻤُﺮ أَِﻣﯿِﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﺗْﺴ َﻊ َﻋﺸَﺮَة َﺳَﻨًﺔ‬

‫ َوَﺧَﺮَج اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﻓﻲ َﺟﻤﺎَﻋٍﺔ ِﻣَﻦ‬.‫ َوَﺗَﻮﱠﻟﻰ َذِﻟَﻚ أَُﺑﻮ ُﺳْﻔﯿﺎَن ِﻟَﯿْﻘُﺼﺪوا اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱠﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َواْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣﻨﯿَﻦ ِﺑﺎْﻟَﻤﺪﯾَﻨِﺔ‬.‫َوَﺳَﺒُﺒﻬﺎ أﱠن ُﻗَﺮْﯾﺸًﺎ َﻟﱠﻤﺎ ُﻛِﺴﺮوا َﯾْﻮَم َﺑْﺪٍر َوُﻗِﺘَﻞ ُرَؤﺳﺎُؤ ُﻫْﻢ َﺑَﺬﻟﻮا اَﻷْﻣﻮاَل ﻹْﺳِﺘْﺌﺼﺎِل اْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣﻨﯿَﻦ‬
﴾…‫ ﴿َوإِْذ َﻏَﺪْوَت ِﻣْﻦ أَْﻫِﻠَﻚ ُﺗَﺒﱢﻮُئ اْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻣَﻘﺎِﻋَﺪ ِﻟْﻠِﻘَﺘﺎِل‬:‫ َوﻗَْﺪ ﻗَﺎَل اُﷲ َﺗﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬.‫اﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﯿَﻦ ﻓََﺮَﺟ َﻊ ﻗَﺮﯾٌﺐ ِﻣْﻦ ُﺛُﻠِﺜِﻬْﻢ إﻟَﻰ اْﻟَﻤﺪﯾَﻨِﺔ َوَﺑِﻘَﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﻓﻲ َﺳْﺒِﻌِﻤﺎَﺋٍﺔ ِﻣَﻦ اْﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﯿَﻦ‬

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The Holy Prophet (s.a) on that day lodged the encampments, organized then in a long line, appointed fifty men of Ansar under the command of a man by the name of
`Abdullah ibn `Umar ibn Khiram to be stationed at the top of the mountain, dangerous for the enemy’s hidden attack, ordering them not to move from their places and
to closely watch the enemy’s moves even if all Muslims were killed, for it was a strategic place. If there was any possible attack, it would start from the same place.
Therefore, it had to be safeguarded, for the enemy might besiege Muslims from the same position.[172]

The Holy Prophet (s.a) entrusted the standard of Muslims to `Ali. The enemy’s standard bearer was Talhah ibn Abi-Talhah whom they called Kabsh al-Katibah. `Ali
plucked out his eyes from its sockets with one blow. He made a loud cry and the standard of atheism fell down from his hand. He was then killed and his brother,
Mus`ab, carrying the standard on his shoulder prepared himself for fighting but `Asim ibn Thabit killed him by throwing an arrow. Then their male servant whose name
was Sawwab and was the most agile and strong picked up the standard and prepared himself for fighting but `Ali cut off his right arm with a single blow. Sawwab
wielded the standard in his left hand but `Ali cut off his left arm too with another blow. When his two arms were cut off, Sawwab stuck the standard on his chest with
the help of his remaining arms but `Ali struck a blow on his head with his sword, making him fall down on the ground and die. Having lost their standard bearers, the
enemy was frightened, Muslims who were rejoicing for the enemy’s escape and their victory, were engaged in gathering war booties.[173]

Those Muslims stationed on the order of the Holy Prophet at the top of the mountain overlooking the battle front, seeing the enemy’s defeat and gathering of the
was booties, asked their commanders to give them permission to come to the scene of fighting so that they will not be deprived of war booties! `Abdullah said: The
Messenger of Allah has ordered me not to move from this place even one step. Therefore, we should not leave our position. They said: You are right. The Holy
Prophet’s order was right but he did not know that we could achieve victory so quickly. Hence, they collectively entered the scene to gather war booties, leaving
`Abdullah by himself! Khalid ibn Walid attacked him from behind and martyred

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‫ َﻻ َﺗْﺒَﺮﺣﻮا ِﻣْﻦ َﻣﻜﺎِﻧُﻜْﻢ َوإْن ُﻗِﺘْﻠﻨﺎ َﻋْﻦ آِﺧِﺮﻧﺎ‬:‫ َوﻗﺎَل‬.‫ َﻋْﺒُﺪ اِﷲ ْﺑُﻦ ُﻋَﻤَﺮ ْﺑِﻦ ِﺧَﺮٍم‬:‫ﻔﺎ َﻃﻮﯾًﻼ َوَﺟَﻌَﻞ َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﱢﺸْﻌِﺐ َﺧْﻤﺴﯿَﻦ َرُﺟًﻼ ِﻣَﻦ اَﻷْﻧﺼﺎِر َوأَﱠﻣَﺮ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻬْﻢ َرُﺟًﻼ ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ ُﯾﻘﺎُل ﻟَُﻪ‬‫َوَﻛﺎَن اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َﺻﱠﻒ اْﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﯿَﻦ َﺻ‬
.‫َﻓﺈﱠﻧﻤﺎ ُﻧْﺆَﺗﻰ ِﻣْﻦ َﻣْﻮِﺿِﻌُﻜْﻢ َﻫَﺬا‬

‫ ﻓَﺄََﺧَﺬُه أﺧﻮُه‬.‫ َﺿَﺮَﺑُﻪ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻓََﻨَﺪَرْت َﻋْﯿُﻨُﻪ َوﺻﺎَح َﺻﯿَﺤًﺔ َﻋﻈﯿَﻤًﺔ َوَﺳَﻘَﻂ اﻟﻠﱢﻮا ُء ِﻣْﻦ َﯾِﺪِه‬.‫ﺶ اﻟَﻜﺘﯿَﺒِﺔ‬ َ ‫ َوَﻛﺎَن ُﯾَﺴﱠﻤﻰ َﻛْﺒ‬،‫َوَﺟَﻌَﻞ ِﻟﻮا َء اْﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﯿَﻦ ِﺑَﯿِﺪ أَِﻣﯿِﺮ اْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوﻟَْﻮا ُء اﻟُﻜﱠﻔﺎِر ِﺑَﯿِﺪ َﻃْﻠَﺤَﺔ ْﺑِﻦ أَِﺑﻲ َﻃْﻠَﺤَﺔ‬
‫ َﻓَﺄَﺧَﺬ اﻟﱢﻠﻮا َء َﻋَﻠﻰ َﺻْﺪِرِه‬،‫ َﻓَﺄَﺧَﺬ اﻟﱢﻠﻮا َء ِﺑﺎﻟُﯿْﺴﺮى َﻓَﻘَﻄَﻌﻬﺎ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬،‫س َﻓَﻘَﻄ َﻊ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﯾَﺪُه اﻟُﯿْﻤَﻨﻰ‬
ِ ‫ َﻓَﺄَﺧَﺬُه َﻋْﺒٌﺪ َﻟُﻬْﻢ اﺳُﻤُﻪ َﺻﱠﻮاٌب َوَﻛﺎَن ِﻣْﻦ أََﺷﱢﺪ اﻟﱠﻨﺎ‬.‫ُﻣْﺼَﻌٌﺐ َﻓَﺮﻣﺎُه ﻋﺎِﺻُﻢ ْﺑُﻦ ﺛﺎِﺑٍﺖ َﻓَﻘَﺘَﻠُﻪ‬
.‫ َوأََﻛﱠﺐ اْﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﻮَن َﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟَﻐﻨﺎِﺋِﻢ‬.‫ ﻓََﻀَﺮَﺑُﻪ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻋﻠَﻰ أُﱢم َرأِْﺳِﻪ ﻓََﺴَﻘَﻂ َﺻﺮﯾﻌًﺎ ﻓَﺎْﻧَﻬَﺰَم اﻟَﻘْﻮُم‬،‫َوَﺟَﻤ َﻊ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َﯾَﺪْﯾِﻪ َو ُﻫﻤﺎ َﻣْﻘﻄﻮَﻋﺘﺎِن‬

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‫ إﱠﻧُﻪ ﻗَﺎَل َذﻟَِﻚ َو ُﻫَﻮ َﻻ‬:‫ ﻓََﻘﺎُﻟﻮا‬.‫ إﱠن َرُﺳﻮَل اِﷲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ أََﻣَﺮِﻧﻲ إﱠﻻ أْﺑَﺮَح ِﻣْﻦ َﻣْﻮِﺿﻌﻲ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫س َﯾْﻐَﺘِﻨﻤﻮَن ﻓََﺨﺎُﻓﻮا ﻓَْﻮَت اْﻟَﻐﻨﯿَﻤِﺔ ﻓَﺎْﺳَﺘْﺄَذﻧﻮا َرﺋﯿَﺴُﻬْﻢ َﻋْﺒَﺪ اِﷲ ْﺑَﻦ ُﻋَﻤَﺮ ْﺑِﻦ ِﺧَﺮٍم ﻓِﻲ أَْﺧِﺬ اﻟَﻐَﻨﺎِﺋِﻢ‬
َ ‫َوَرأى أَْﺻَﺤﺎُب اﻟﱢﺸْﻌِﺐ اﻟﱠﻨﺎ‬
‫ َوَﺟـﺎ َء ِﻣْﻦ َﻇـْﻬِﺮ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ‬.‫ ﻓََﺤَﻤَﻞ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ ﺧﺎِﻟُﺪ ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻮﻟﯿِﺪ ﻓََﻘَﺘَﻠُﻪ‬.‫ َوَﻣﺎﻟﻮا إَﻟﻰ اﻟَﻐﻨﺎِﺋِﻢ َوَﺗَﺮُﻛﻮُه‬.‫َﯾْﺪري أﱠن اَﻷْﻣَﺮ َﯾْﺒُﻠ ُﻎ َﻣﺎ َﺗَﺮى‬

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him, attacking the Holy Prophet and his aides from behind. Addressing those who had left their positions, the Holy Prophet said with a sad tone: Here is what you
were after! So the enemy in a solid column attacked on Muslims with swords, spears, arrows and stones, launching a hard fighting. Seeing this, the companions of
the Holy Prophet gathered around him, trying to protect him from the enemy but seventy Muslims were martyred.[174]

In this battle, `Ali remained steadfast, defended the Holy Prophet and his divine mission, and was prepared to sacrifice himself for the Holy Prophet from every side
the enemies attacked him. When the Holy Prophet opened his eyes after fainting as a result of the enemy’s brutal attack, he saw no one but `Ali, saying: O `Ali! What
did these people do and where have they gone to? `Ali said: O Messenger of Allah! They have broken their promises and by escaping from the battle scene, have
taken shelter on the mountain! The Holy Prophet (s.a) said: O `Ali, repel this fierce group which attacked me. `Ali launched a hard attack, dispersed all of them, and
returned to the Holy Prophet. The enemy invaded from another direction but `Ali defeated them again with his matchless resistance.[175]

Those how escaped from the scene, though seeing the Holy Prophet was being attacked, remained on the mountain except fourteen of them who returned.[176]

At that time, sad news which was heart-rending spread in Medina and that was the news on the martyrdom of the Holy Prophet (s.a).[177]

Hind, the daughter of `Utbah, who had lost her relatives in the battle of Badr promised Wahshi (a slave) that she would provide him with a great sum of money if he
could kill the Holy Prophet, `Ali, or Hamzah (the Holy Prophet’s uncle). Accepting the act, Wahshi said: Forget about killing the Prophet, for I can in no way kill
him, for he is being circled by his companions. As for `Ali, I cannot play any trick to kill him either, for when fighting, he is careful about himself from every side,
repelling the enemy’s attack. So I am only hopeful of killing Hamzah, for when he is fighting and angry, he does not see even before himself. Wahshi martyred
Hamzah Hind came and ordered to tear Hamzah’s belly and give her his liver. She then lynched his body. His nose and ears were two broken. [178]

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‫ َوَﺟَﻌَﻞ أْﺻَﺤﺎُب َرُﺳﻮِل اِﷲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ُﯾَﻘﺎِﺗﻠﻮَن َﻋْﻨُﻪ َﺣﱠﺘﻰ ُﻗِﺘَﻞ‬.‫ ﻓََﺤَﻤﻠﻮا َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َﺣْﻤﻠََﺔ َرُﺟٍﻞ واِﺣٍﺪ َﺿْﺮﺑًﺎ ِﺑﺎﻟﱡﺴُﯿﻮِف َوَﻃْﻌﻨًﺎ ِﺑﺎﻟﱢﺮَﻣﺎِح َوَرْﻣﯿًﺎ ِﺑﺎﻟﱢﻨَﺒﺎِل َوَرْﺿﺨًﺎ ِﺑﺎْﻟِﺤَﺠﺎَرِة‬.‫ ُدوَﻧُﻜْﻢ َﻫَﺬا اﻟﱠِﺬي َﺗْﻄُﻠﺒﻮَن‬:‫َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َوﻗﺎَل َﻷْﺻﺤﺎِﺑِﻪ‬
.‫ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ َﺳْﺒﻌﻮَن َرُﺟًﻼ‬

‫ ﻓَﺎْﻛِﻔِﻨﻲ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫ َﻧَﻘُﻀﻮا اﻟَﻌْﻬَﺪ َوَوﻟﱠُﻮا اﻟﱡﺪُﺑَﺮ‬:‫ َﻣﺎ ﻓََﻌَﻞ اﻟﱠﻨﺎُس؟ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬،‫ َﯾﺎ َﻋِﻠﱡﻲ‬:‫ ﻓََﻔَﺘَﺢ َﻋْﯿَﻨُﻪ َوَﻛﺎَن ﻗَْﺪ أُْﻏِﻤَﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ ﻓََﻨَﻈَﺮ إﻟَﻰ َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوﻗﺎَل‬.‫َوَﺛَﺒَﺖ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﺻﻠَﻮاُت اِﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َﯾْﺪﻓَ ُﻊ َﻋِﻦ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬
.‫َﻫﺆﻻ ِء اﱠﻟﺬﯾَﻦ َﻗَﺼﺪوا َﻧْﺤﻮي‬

.‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﻋﺎَد إﻟَْﯿِﻪ َوﻗَْﺪ ﻗََﺼُﺪوُه ِﻣْﻦ ِﺟَﻬٍﺔ أُْﺧَﺮى ﻓََﻜَﺸَﻔُﻬْﻢ‬.‫ﻓََﺤَﻤَﻞ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻬْﻢ ﻓََﻜَﺸَﻔُﻬْﻢ‬

.‫َوَرَﺟ َﻊ ِﻣَﻦ اْﻟُﻤْﻨَﻬِﺰﻣﯿَﻦ أْرَﺑَﻌَﺔ َﻋَﺸَﺮ َرُﺟًﻼ َوَﺻَﻌَﺪ اﻟَﺒﺎﻗﻮَن اْﻟَﺠَﺒَﻞ‬

.‫ ﻓَﺎْﻧَﺨﻠََﻌِﺖ اﻟُﻘُﻠﻮُب‬.‫ ُﻗِﺘَﻞ َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬:‫َوﺻﺎَح ﺻﺎِﺋٌﺢ ِﺑﺎْﻟَﻤِﺪﯾَﻨِﺔ‬

‫ َوأﱠﻣﺎ َﺣْﻤَﺰُة َﻓَﺄْﻃَﻤ ُﻊ ِﻓﯿِﻪ‬.‫ َوأﱠﻣﺎ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻓﺈﱠﻧُﻪ إَذا َﻗﺎَﺗَﻞ أَْﺣَﺬُر ِﻣَﻦ اﻟﱢﺬْﺋِﺐ‬.‫ أﱠﻣﺎ ُﻣَﺤﱠﻤُﺪ َﻓﻼ ِﺣﯿَﻠَﺔ ِﻓﯿِﻪ َﻷﱠن أْﺻﺤﺎَﺑُﻪ َﯾُﻄﻮﻓﻮَن ِﺑِﻪ‬:‫ َﻓﻘﺎَل‬.‫َوَﺟَﻌَﻠْﺖ ِﻫْﻨُﺪ ِﺑْﻨُﺖ ُﻋْﺘَﺒَﺔ ِﻟَﻮْﺣِﺸﱟﻲ َﺟْﻌًﻼ َﻋَﻠﻰ أْن َﯾْﻘُﺘَﻞ َرُﺳﻮَل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ أْو َﻋِﻠﱠﯿًﺎ أْو َﺣْﻤَﺰَة‬
.‫َﻷﱠﻧُﻪ إَذا َﻏِﻀَﺐ َﻻ ُﯾْﺒِﺼُﺮ َﻣـﺎ َﺑْﯿَﻦ َﯾَﺪْﯾِﻪ‬

.‫ ﻓََﺠَﺪﻋﻮا أَْﻧَﻔُﻪ َوأُُذَﻧْﯿِﻪ‬،‫ َوﺟﺎ َءْت ِﻫْﻨُﺪ ﻓَﺄََﻣَﺮْت ِﺑَﺸﱢﻖ َﺑْﻄِﻨِﻪ َوﻗَْﻄ ِﻊ َﻛِﺒِﺪِه َواﻟﱠﺘْﻤﺜﯿِﻞ ِﺑِﻪ‬.‫ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ َوْﺣِﺸﱞﻲ‬

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In this battle, Gabriel brought the deed of honor of “There is no man more valorous than `Ali and there is no sword sharper than Dhu’l-Fiqar” for the great man, `Ali
and read it with a loud voice to people so that they heard it all.[179]

At this time, Gabriel said: O Messenger of Allah, the angels are surprised at `Ali’s self-sacrifice for you and hailed his great help. The Messenger of Allah said: Why
they should not be when `Ali is from me and I am from him. Gabriel took pride in this and said: I am from you too.[180]

The atheists of Quraysh who were killed in the battle of Uhud by `Ali’s sword were a great number. Muslims’ final victory and their returning to the Messenger of
Allah was due to `Ali’s steadfastness and courage in the battlefield.[181]

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.‫ َﻻ َﺳْﯿَﻒ إﱠﻻ ُذو اﻟِﻔﻘﺎِر َوﻻ ﻓََﺘﻰ إﱠﻻ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ‬:‫َوﻗﺎَل ِﺟْﺒﺮﯾُﻞ‬

‫ َوأَﻧﺎ‬:‫ َﻓﻘﺎَل ِﺟْﺒﺮﯾُﻞ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.‫ َﻣﺎ َﯾْﻤَﻨُﻌُﻪ ِﻣْﻦ َذِﻟَﻚ َو ُﻫَﻮ ِﻣّﻨﻲ َوأَﻧﺎ ِﻣْﻨُﻪ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َرﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬.‫ َﻗْﺪ َﻋِﺠَﺒِﺖ اْﻟَﻤﻼِﺋَﻜُﺔ ِﻣْﻦ ُﺣْﺴِﻦ ُﻣﻮاَﺳﺎِة َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ َﻟَﻚ ِﺑَﻨْﻔِﺴِﻪ‬،‫ َﯾﺎ َرﺳﻮَل اِﷲ‬:‫ َوﻗﺎَل ِﺟْﺒِﺮﯾُﻞ‬.‫َوَﺳِﻤ َﻊ اﻟﱠﻨﺎُس ُﻛﻠﱡُﻬْﻢ َذِﻟَﻚ‬
.‫ِﻣْﻨُﻜﻤﺎ‬

.‫س إَﻟﻰ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ِﺑَﺜﺒﺎِت أِﻣﯿِﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬
ِ ‫ َوَﻛﺎَن اﻟَﻔْﺘُﺢ َوُرُﺟﻮُع اﻟﱠﻨﺎ‬.‫َوَﻛﺎَن ُﺟْﻤﻬﻮُر َﻗْﺘَﻠﻰ ُأُﺣٍﺪ َﻣْﻘﺘﻮِﻟﯿَﻦ ِﺑَﺴْﯿِﻒ أِﻣﯿِﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬
Ali’s Courage in the Battle of Khandaq (The Ditch)
In this battle, Quraysh and its collaborators from the family of Kinanah, the inhabitants of Tihamah with ten thousands men as well as the tribe of Ghatafan from Najd
rushed to help Quraysh putting Muslims in a corner. The Messenger of Allah who knew their decision beforehand, ordered Muslims to dig a ditch around the city of
Medina. Following this act, the sworn enemies of Islam surrounded the city from every side.

In this connection, the Holy Qur’an states: “…When they came upon you from above you and from below you…” (33:10). To fight the enemy, the Messenger of
Allah rose for defense with three thousand Muslims behind the ditch and within the city. Amid this, the Jews inside the city were allied with the atheists so as to
webtopdfconverter.com
defeat the Holy Prophet and Muslims. Hence, the enemy pressured the people of Medina from inside and outside, adding to their worries. The horse-riders of
Quraysh, including `Ikrimah ibn Abi-Jahl and `Amr ibn `Abd-Wudd who, in their wishful thinking, dreamt of a quick victory stood in the front line, asking for a
challenger and declared a hand to hand fighting. Among Muslims, the first man who responded him was `Ali, saying: O Messenger of Allah, I am prepared to fight
him! The Messenger of Allah said, “He is `Amr,” and kept silent. Asking for a challenger for the second time, `Amr said: Where is the paradise you promise with
martyrdom? Why don’t you come to the field to be

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:‫َوﻓﻲ َﻏﺰاِة اﻟَﺨْﻨَﺪِق‬

.‫ﺶ َوأَْﺗﺒﺎُﻋﻬﺎ ِﻣْﻦ ِﻛﻨﺎَﻧَﺔ َوأَْﻫِﻞ ِﺗﻬﺎَﻣَﺔ ِﻓﻲ َﻋَﺸَﺮِة آﻻٍف َوأَْﻗَﺒﻠَْﺖ َﻏَﻄﻔﺎُن َوَﻣْﻦ َﯾْﺘَﺒُﻌﻬﺎ ِﻣْﻦ أ ْﻫِﻞ َﻧْﺠٍﺪ ﻓََﻨَﺰﻟﻮا ِﻣْﻦ ﻓَْﻮِق اْﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﯿَﻦ َوِﻣْﻦ أَْﺳَﻔَﻞ ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ‬
ٌ ‫ﻟَﱠﻤﺎ ﻓَِﺮَغ َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ِﻣْﻦ َﺣْﻔِﺮ اْﻟَﺨْﻨَﺪِق أَْﻗَﺒﻠَْﺖ ُﻗَﺮْﯾ‬

‫ َوَرِﻛَﺐ َﻓﻮاِرُس‬.‫ َواﱠﺗَﻔَﻖ اْﻟُﻤْﺸِﺮُﻛﻮَن َﻣ َﻊ اﻟَﯿﻬﻮِد َواْﺷَﺘﱠﺪ اَﻷْﻣُﺮ َﻋَﻠﻰ اْﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﯿَﻦ‬.‫﴾ َﻓَﺨَﺮَج اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ﺑﺎْﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﯿَﻦ َو ُﻫْﻢ َﺛﻼَﺛُﺔ آﻻٍف َوَﺟَﻌﻠﻮا اْﻟَﺨْﻨَﺪَق َﺑْﯿَﻨُﻬْﻢ‬.‫ ﴿إِْذ َﺟﺎ ُءوُﻛْﻢ ِﻣْﻦ َﻓْﻮِﻗُﻜْﻢ َوِﻣْﻦ أَْﺳَﻔَﻞ ِﻣْﻨُﻜْﻢ‬:‫َﻛَﻤﺎ َﻗﺎَل َﺗﻌﺎَﻟﻰ‬
‫ َﻫْﻞ ِﻣْﻦ ُﻣﺒﺎِرٍز؟ أْﯾَﻦ َﺟﱠﻨُﺘُﻜُﻢ اﱠﻟِﺘﻲ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻋْﻤٌﺮو‬.‫ ﻓََﺴَﻜَﺖ‬.‫ إﱠﻧُﻪ َﻋْﻤٌﺮو‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل ﻟَُﻪ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬.‫ أَﻧﺎ‬:‫ َﻣْﻦ ُﯾﺒﺎِرُز؟ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻋْﻤٌﺮو‬.‫ِﻣْﻦ ُﻗَﺮْﯾٍﺶ ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ َﻋْﻤُﺮو ْﺑُﻦ َﻋْﺒِﺪ ُوﱟد َوِﻋْﻜِﺮَﻣُﺔ ْﺑُﻦ أَِﺑﻲ َﺟْﻬٍﻞ‬
‫ أَﻧﺎ َﻟُﻪ َﯾﺎ َرﺳﻮَل‬:‫َﺗْﺰُﻋﻤﻮَن أﱠﻧُﻪ َﻣْﻦ ُﻗِﺘَﻞ ِﻣْﻨُﻜْﻢ َدَﺧَﻠَﻬﺎ؟ أََﻓﻼ َﯾْﺒُﺮُز إَﻟﱠﻲ َرُﺟٌﻞ؟ َﻓﻘﺎَل َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ‬

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martyred and to go to paradise, is there no one to fight me? `Ali said: I will fight him. The Holy Prophet, at this time too due to an exigency and to prevent others
from saying `Ali does not give others any chance and that he acts hastily, said: He is `Amr and kept silent.

On the third time when `Amr boldly cried out: Who is your fighter? Again `Ali said: O Messenger of Allah, I will fight him though he is `Amr! At this time, the Holy
Prophet gave `Ali permission to fight, saying: Now Islam in its entirety is standing against atheism in its entirely implying that if `Ali achieves victory, Islam will be
victorious and if `Amr overcomes, then there will be no name of Islam. Addressing `Amr after going to the battlefield, `Ali said: You have pledged that if a man of
Quraysh calls you to two things, you will accept. `Amr said: It is so. `Ali said: I invite you first to God, His messenger and Islam. `Amr said: Forget it, I will never
accept Islam! `Ali said: I am on foot, you better dismount your horse so as to fight hand to hand. `Amr who was feeling death, out of pity said: O son of my brother! I
do not desire to kill you, for you are an honorable man and your father was an old friend of me! `Ali said: But by God, I desire to kill you. `Amr was disturbed by
these words and dismounted his horse. `Ali threw him on the ground after an hour of hand to hand fighting `Ali killed him and his son too. Seeing this fatal scene,
`Ikrimah ibn Abi-Jahl and other atheist took to their heels, leaving the battlefield. God returned their anger back to them, so the enemies found no benefit in continuing
the fighting and thus were defeated.[182]

Seeing `Amr killed, `Umar ibn Khattab said to `Ali: He had a good coat of mail, why didn’t you take it off his body for there is no cuirass like it? `Ali said: It was not
fair to leave him naked on the ground.[183]

`Abdullah ibn Mas`ud used to recite the verse “…and Allah sufficed the believers in fighting; and Allah is Strong Mighty” (33:25) about `Ali.[184]

Rabi`ah al-Sa`di reports: I went to Hudhayfah ibn Yaman, saying: Whenever I relate a Hadith on the excellence of `Ali, the people of Basrah reject us, saying: You
are exaggerating and going to extremes about `Ali. Is there any Hadith which I can relate and the enemies cannot deny? Hudhayfah said: O Rabi`ah! Which merits of
`Ali should

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.‫ ﻓََﺴَﻜَﺖ‬.‫ إﱠﻧُﻪ َﻋْﻤٌﺮو‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬.‫اِﷲ‬

‫ َﯾﺎ َﻋْﻤُﺮو إﱠﻧَﻚ ﻗَْﺪ َﻋﺎ َﻫْﺪَت اَﷲ َﺗﻌﺎﻟَﻰ أَﱠﻻ َﯾْﺪُﻋَﻮَك َرُﺟٌﻞ‬:‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ ﻗَﺎَل‬.‫ ﻓََﺨَﺮَج إﻟَْﯿِﻪ‬.‫ َﺧَﺮَج اﻹْﺳﻼُم ُﻛﻠﱡُﻪ إﻟَﻰ اﻟﱢﺸْﺮِك ُﻛﻠﱢِﻪ‬:‫ ﻓَﺄَِذَن ﻟَُﻪ َوﻗﺎَل‬.‫ َوإْن َﻛﺎَن‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫ إﱠﻧُﻪ َﻋْﻤٌﺮو‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫ أَﻧﺎ ﻟَُﻪ َﯾﺎ َرﺳﻮَل اِﷲ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل ﻟَُﻪ َﻋﻠِﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.‫ﻓََﻨﺎَدى ﺛﺎﻟَِﺜًﺔ‬
‫ ﻓََﻮاِﷲ إﱢﻧﻲ َﻻ‬،‫ َﯾﺎ اْﺑَﻦ أَﺧﻲ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻟُﻪ‬.‫ إﱢﻧﻲ أَْدُﻋﻮَك إَﻟﻰ اﻟﱢﻨَﺰاِل‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫ َﻻ َﺣﺎَﺟَﺔ ِﻟﻲ ِﺑَﺬِﻟَﻚ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫ ﻓَﺈﱢﻧﻲ أَْدُﻋﻮَك إَﻟﻰ اِﷲ َوَرُﺳﻮِﻟِﻪ َواﻹْﺳﻼِم‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻟُﻪ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.‫ أََﺟْﻞ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻟُﻪ‬.‫ِﻣْﻦ ُﻗَﺮْﯾٍﺶ إَﻟﻰ إْﺣَﺪى ِﺧْﺼَﻠَﺘْﯿِﻦ إﻻ إْﺧَﺘْﺮَﺗﻬﺎ ِﻣْﻨُﻪ‬
‫ َواْﻧَﻬَﺰَم ِﻋْﻜِﺮَﻣُﺔ ْﺑُﻦ أَِﺑﻲ َﺟْﻬٍﻞ َوﺑﺎﻗِﻲ‬.‫ ﻓََﻀَﺮَﺑُﻪ َﻋﻠِﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ َوﻗََﺘَﻞ َوﻟََﺪُه أْﯾﻀًﺎ‬.‫ ﻓََﺤَﻤﻰ َﻋْﻤٌﺮو َوَﻧَﺰَل َﻋْﻦ ﻓََﺮِﺳِﻪ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﺗَﺠﺎَوﻻ ﺳﺎَﻋًﺔ‬.‫ َوﻟَِﻜﱢﻨﻲ َواِﷲ أُِﺣﱡﺐ أَْن أَْﻗُﺘﻠََﻚ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل ﻟَُﻪ َﻋﻠِﱞﻲ‬.‫أُِﺣﱡﺐ أَْن أَْﻗُﺘﻠََﻚ َوأَْﻧَﺖ َﻛِﺮﯾٌﻢ َوأَﺑﻮَك ﻟِﻲ َﻧﺪﯾٌﻢ‬
.‫اﻟُﻤْﺸِﺮِﻛﯿَﻦ َوَرﱠد ُﻫُﻢ اُﷲ ِﺑَﻐْﯿِﻈِﻬْﻢ َﻟْﻢ َﯾَﻨﺎﻟﻮا َﺧْﯿﺮًا َوَﻛَﻔﻰ اُﷲ اْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ اْﻟِﻘﺘﺎَل‬

.‫ إﱢﻧﻲ إْﺳَﺘْﺤَﯿْﯿُﺖ أَْن أَْﻛِﺸَﻒ َﻋْﻦ َﺳْﻮ َءِة اْﺑِﻦ َﻋﱢﻤﻲ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻋﻠِﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.‫ ﻓََﻤﺎ َﻷَﺣٍﺪ ِدْرٌع ِﻣْﺜُﻠَﻬﺎ‬،‫ َﻫّﻼ َﺳﻠَْﺒَﺘُﻪ ِدْرَﻋُﻪ‬:‫َوﻗﺎَل ُﻋَﻤُﺮ ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﺨﱠﻄﺎِب ﻟَِﻌﻠِﱟﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬

.‫ َوَﻛَﻔﻰ اُﷲ اْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ اْﻟِﻘَﺘﺎَل ِﺑَﻌِﻠﱟﻲ َوَﻛﺎَن اُﷲ ﻗَِﻮﱠﯾًﺎ َﻋِﺰﯾﺰًا‬:ُ‫َوَﻛﺎَن اْﺑُﻦ َﻣْﺴُﻌﻮٍد َﯾْﻘَﺮأ‬

‫ َوﻣﺎ َﺗْﺴﺄَُﻟِﻨﻲ َﻋْﻦ َﻋﻠِﱟﻲ‬،‫ َﯾﺎ َرِﺑﯿَﻌُﺔ‬:‫ ﻓََﻬْﻞ أَْﻧَﺖ ُﻣَﺤﱢﺪُﺛِﻨﻲ ﻓِﯿِﻪ ِﺑَﺤِﺪﯾٍﺚ؟ ﻓَﻘﺎَل ُﺣَﺬْﯾَﻔُﺔ‬،‫ إﱠﻧﺎ ﻟَُﻨَﺤﱢﺪُث َﻋْﻦ َﻋﻠِﱟﻲ َوَﻣﻨﺎﻗِِﺒِﻪ ﻓََﯿُﻘﻮُل ﻟَﻨﺎ أ ْﻫُﻞ اﻟَﺒْﺼَﺮِة إﱠﻧُﻜْﻢ ﻟَُﺘَﻔﱢﺮﻃﻮَن ﻓِﻲ َﻋﻠِﱟﻲ‬،‫ َﯾﺎ أََﺑﺎ َﻋْﺒِﺪ اِﷲ‬:‫ أََﺗْﯿُﺖ ُﺣَﺬْﯾَﻔَﺔ ْﺑَﻦ اﻟَﯿﻤﺎِن ﻓَُﻘْﻠُﺖ‬:‫ﻗَﺎَل َرِﺑﯿَﻌُﺔ اﻟﱠﺴْﻌِﺪﱡي‬
‫ َواﱠﻟِﺬي َﻧْﻔِﺴﻲ ِﺑَﯿِﺪِه َﻟْﻮ ُوِﺿ َﻊ‬.‫َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬

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I recount? By Lord in whose hand my life rests, if the deeds of the aides of Muhammad from the day he was ordained as prophet till the Day of Judgment are put on
a pan of a scale and `Ali’s deeds are put on the other pan of scale, beyond doubt, `Ali’s deeds are heavier. Rabi`ah said: This is a Hadith for which one cannot sit or
stand, implying that it is hard to accept and more hard to recount. Hudhayfah said: O fool! How can you say that this Hadith is hard to accept when the Messenger of
Allah said the same thing on the day of the battle of the Ditch!

Then he added: Where were Abu-Bakr, `Umar, Hudhayfah, and all the companions of the Holy Prophet on the day when `Amr ibn `Abd-Wudd was yelling and
challenging a fighter? All the crowds on that day were at a loss, creeping in a corner. It was only `Ali who responded to him, went to fight and killed him. By God in
whose power my life is, the reward of `Ali’s deed on that day is more than the reward of the deeds of Muhammad’s companions till the Day of Judgment.[185]

Following the defeat of allies on the day of the battle of Ditch, the Messenger of Allah decided to suppress the Jews of Banu-Qurayzah who had allied with
Quraysh, so gave `Ali the mission to inspect their situation from close with thirty men of Khazraj tribe, saying: O `Ali, see what state Banu-Qurayzah are in? Have
they left their forts on not? Going on his mission, `Ali accompanied by his aides reached near the enemy’s position, seeing that they were stationed in their forts and

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had blocked entrances and exits, swearing at the Holy Prophet (s.a). `Ali immediately went to the Holy Prophet informing him of the situation and went directly to
carry out his mission. Seeing `Ali, one of them said: The killer of `Amr has come and the others confirmed it. Hearing the name of `Ali, Banu-Qurayzah took to his
heels, leaving his position. By advancing into the big fort, `Ali installed the standard of Islam. The running Jews were swearing at the Holy Prophet and speaking ill
of him. The Messenger of Allah said: O the brothers of pigs and monkeys, where are you fleeing? When we confront our enemies, we will ruin their life and make
the bright day dark for them. They said: O Abu-al-Qasim! You were not tyrant or foulmouthed. Hearing this, the Messenger of Allah turned back, ashamed and kept
them under siege for twenty five nights. Since

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‫ َﻫَﺬا اﻟﱠِﺬي َﻻ ُﯾﻘﺎُم‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َرﺑﯿَﻌُﺔ‬.‫َﺟِﻤﯿ ُﻊ أَْﻋﻤﺎِل أَْﺻَﺤﺎِب ُﻣَﺤﱠﻤٍﺪ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﻓﻲ َﻛﱠﻔِﺔ اْﻟِﻤﯿَﺰاِن ُﻣْﻨُﺬ َﺑَﻌَﺚ اُﷲ ُﻣَﺤﱠﻤﺪًا إﻟَﻰ َﯾْﻮِم اﻟِﻘﯿﺎَﻣِﺔ َوُوِﺿ َﻊ َﻋَﻤُﻞ َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ ِﻓﻲ اﻟَﻜﱠﻔِﺔ اُﻷْﺧﺮى ﻟََﺮَﺟَﺢ َﻋَﻤُﻞ َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻋﻠَﻰ َﺟﻤﯿ ِﻊ أْﻋﻤﺎِﻟِﻬْﻢ‬
.‫َﻟُﻪ َوﻻ ُﯾْﻘَﻌُﺪ‬

،‫ ﻓَﺈﱠﻧُﻪ َﺑَﺮَز إﻟَْﯿِﻪ ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ؟ َواﻟﱠِﺬي َﻧْﻔُﺲ ُﺣَﺬْﯾَﻔَﺔ ِﺑَﯿِﺪِه‬،‫ َوﻗَْﺪ َدﻋﺎ إﻟَﻰ اﻟِﺒﺮاِز ﻓَﺄَْﺣَﺠَﻢ اﻟﱠﻨﺎُس ُﻛﻠﱡُﻬْﻢ َﻣﺎ َﺧﻼ َﻋِﻠﱠﯿًﺎ‬،‫ َوَﻛْﯿَﻒ َﻻ ُﯾْﺤَﻤُﻞ َوأَْﯾَﻦ َﻛﺎَن أَُﺑﻮ َﺑْﻜٍﺮ َوُﻋَﻤُﺮ َوُﺣَﺬْﯾَﻔُﺔ َوَﺟﻤﯿ ُﻊ أَْﺻَﺤﺎِب ُﻣَﺤﱠﻤٍﺪ َﯾْﻮَم َﻋْﻤِﺮو ْﺑِﻦ َﻋْﺒِﺪ ُوﱟد‬،‫ َﯾﺎ ُﻟَﻜ ُﻊ‬:‫ﻓَﻘﺎَل ُﺣَﺬْﯾَﻔُﺔ‬
.‫َﻟَﻌَﻤُﻠُﻪ َذِﻟَﻚ اﻟَﯿْﻮِم أَْﻋَﻈُﻢ أَْﺟﺮًا ِﻣْﻦ َﻋَﻤِﻞ أَْﺻَﺤﺎِب ُﻣَﺤﱠﻤٍﺪ إَﻟﻰ َﯾْﻮِم اﻟِﻘﯿﺎَﻣِﺔ‬

‫ ﻓََﺮِﺟ َﻊ إﻟَﻰ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ‬.‫ أُْﻧُﻈْﺮ َﺑِﻨﻲ ُﻗَﺮْﯾَﻈَﺔ َﻫْﻞ َﻧَﺰﻟﻮا ُﺣﺼﻮَﻧُﻬْﻢ؟ ﻓَﻠَﱠﻤﺎ َﺷﺎَرﻓَﻬﺎ َﺳِﻤ َﻊ ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ اﻟَﻬْﺠَﺮ‬:‫َوﻟَﱠﻤﺎ إْﻧَﻬَﺰَم اَﻷْﺣﺰاُب ﻗََﺼَﺪ َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َﺑِﻨﻲ ُﻗَﺮْﯾَﻈَﺔ َوأَْﻧَﻔَﺬ َﻋِﻠﱠﯿًﺎ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﻓﻲ َﺛﻼِﺛﯿَﻦ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟَﺨْﺰَرِج َوﻗﺎَل‬
‫ َوَرَﻛَﺰ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم اﻟﱠﺮاَﯾَﺔ ِﻓﻲ أَْﺻِﻞ اْﻟِﺤْﺼِﻦ َواْﺳَﺘْﻘَﺒُﻠﻮُه‬.‫ َوﻗﺎَل آَﺧُﺮ َﻛَﺬِﻟَﻚ َﻓﺎْﻧَﻬَﺰُﻣﻮا‬.‫ َﻗْﺪ َﺟﺎ َءُﻛْﻢ َﻗﺎِﺗُﻞ َﻋْﻤٍﺮو‬:‫ﺺ َﻓﻨﺎَدى‬ ٌ ‫ َﻓَﺄْﺑَﺼَﺮُه َﺷْﺨ‬،‫ َوﺳﺎَر َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﺣﱠﺘﻰ َدﻧﺎ ِﻣْﻦ ُﺳﻮِر ِﻫْﻢ‬.‫اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َﻓَﺄْﺧَﺒَﺮُه‬
‫ ﻓَﺎْﺳَﺘْﺤَﯿﻰ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ‬.‫ َﯾـﺎ أََﺑـﺎ اﻟَﻘﺎِﺳِﻢ َﻣﺎ ُﻛْﻨَﺖ َﺟُﻬﻮًﻻ َوﻻ َﺳﱠﺒﺎﺑًﺎ‬:‫ ﻓََﻘﺎُﻟﻮا‬.‫ إﱠﻧﺎ إَذا َﻧَﺰْﻟﻨﺎ ِﺑَﺴـﺎَﺣِﺔ ﻗَْﻮٍم ﻓَﺴﺎ َء َﺻَﺒﺎُح اْﻟُﻤْﻨَﺬِرﯾَﻦ‬،‫ َﯾﺎ إْﺧَﻮَة اﻟِﻘَﺮَدِة َواْﻟَﺨﻨﺎِزﯾِﺮ‬:‫ ﻓََﻨﺎَدا ُﻫْﻢ َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬.‫َﯾُﺴﱡﺒﻮَن اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱠﻲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬
‫ َوَﺣﺎَﺻَﺮ ُﻫْﻢ َﺧْﻤﺲ‬،‫َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َوَرَﺟ َﻊ اﻟَﻘْﻬَﻘَﺮى‬

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they could not resist, they suggested to surrender and bowed to Sa`d ibn Mu`adh’s arbitration. The Messenger of Allah too accepted it. Sa`d ibn Mu`adh ruled their
men to be killed, their women and children to be taken captive and their property to be divided among Muslims. At this time, the Holy Prophet (s.a) ordered the men
of Banu-Qurayzah amounting to nine hundred to be put under watch in the houses of Banu’l-Najjar tribe. Then, he ordered the watchmen to bring them one by one near
the ditch through the exit way of the neighborhood and ordered `Ali to behead them one after the other and to throw their bodies in the ditch. `Ali carried out the
instructions, beheaded them all and threw them in the ditch.[186]

In the battle of Banu’l-Mustalaq in which `Ali was a pioneer, Muslims eventually gained the victory. In this battle, Malik and his son who were among the enemy
leaders were killed by `Ali, and Juwayriyyah, the daughter of Harith ibn Abi-Dirar was taken captive and brought to the presence of the Messenger of Allah, who
chose her for himself. After the battle, the father of Juwayriyyah came to the Holy Prophet, saying: O Messenger of Allah! My daughter must not be taken captive,
for she is dignified and brought up in a respectable family! The Holy Prophet said: Go to your daughter and ask her if she wishes to be with us or she will be free to
return with you. Harith hailed the Holy Prophet’s magnanimity and greatness, and conveyed the Holy Prophet’s message to his daughter but Juwayriyyah opted for
God and His messenger, saying: God and His messenger are better than everyone and everything else! After this event, the Holy Prophet set her free, then married
her and she became one the wives of the Messenger of Allah.[187]

In the battle of Hudaybiyah which led to peace treaty, the one who drew up and wrote the peace treaty between the Messenger of Allah and Suhayl ibn `Amr was
`Ali. In this connection, two merits were added to his virtues no one shared with him.[188]

One of those two merits is that when the Messenger of Allah decided to perform minor Hajj of Hudaybiyah, he, along with a group of his companions, went to
Juhfah to become Muhrim but there was no water in that area. So, the Messenger of Allah ordered Sa`d ibn Malik to take water skins and water-carrying camels to
search for water. After a short time, Sa`d returned, saying: Since this region is

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ِ ‫ ﻓَﺄََﻣَﺮ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ ِﺑﺈْﻧﺰاِل اﻟﱢﺮﺟﺎِل ِﻓﻲ اْﻟَﻤِﺪﯾَﻨِﺔ ِﻓﻲ َﺑْﻌ‬.‫ ﻓََﺤَﻜَﻢ َﺳْﻌٌﺪ ِﺑَﻘْﺘِﻞ اﻟﱢﺮَﺟﺎِل َوَﺳْﺒِﻲ اﻟﱠﺬراِري َواﻟﱢﻨَﺴﺎ ِء َوِﻗْﺴَﻤِﺔ اَﻷْﻣﻮاِل‬.‫َوِﻋْﺸﺮﯾَﻦ ﻟَْﯿﻠًَﺔ َﺣﱠﺘﻰ َﺳﺄَُﻟﻮُه اﻟﱡﻨُﺰوَل َﻋﻠَﻰ ُﺣْﻜِﻢ َﺳْﻌِﺪ ْﺑِﻦ ُﻣﻌﺎٍذ‬
‫ َوَﺧَﺮَج‬،‫ﺾ ُدوِر َﺑِﻨﻲ اﻟﱠﻨﱠﺠﺎِر َوَﻛﺎﻧﻮا ِﺗْﺴَﻌِﻤﺎَﺋٍﺔ‬
.‫ﺾ اﻟﱡﺪُروِب َوأََﻣَﺮ ِﺑﺈْﺧﺮاِﺟِﻬْﻢ َوَﺗَﻘﱠﺪَم إَﻟﻰ أِﻣﯿِﺮ اْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﺑَﻘْﺘِﻠِﻬْﻢ ِﻓﻲ اْﻟَﺨْﻨَﺪِق َﻓَﻔَﻌَﻞ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻣﺎ ُأِﻣَﺮ ِﺑِﻪ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ِﻣْﻦ َﺑْﻌ‬

،‫ َﯾﺎ َرﺳﻮَل اِﷲ‬:‫ ﻓََﺠﺎ َء أَُﺑﻮ ﻫﺎ َﺑْﻌَﺪ َذِﻟَﻚ َوﻗﺎَل‬.‫ َوﻗََﺘَﻞ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻣﺎِﻟﻜًﺎ َواْﺑَﻨُﻪ َوَﺳَﺒﻰ ُﺟَﻮْﯾِﺮﱠﯾَﺔ ِﺑْﻨَﺖ اْﻟَﺤﺎِرِث ْﺑِﻦ أَِﺑﻲ ِﺿﺮاٍر ﻓَﺎْﺻَﻄَﻔﺎ ﻫﺎ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ِﻟَﻨْﻔِﺴِﻪ‬.‫َوِﻓﻲ َﻏﺰاِة َﺑِﻨﻲ اْﻟُﻤْﺼَﻄﻠَِﻖ َﻛﺎَن اﻟَﻔْﺘُﺢ ﻟَُﻪ‬
.‫ َﻓَﺄْﻋَﺘَﻘﻬﺎ َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َوَﺟَﻌَﻠﻬﺎ ِﻓﻲ ُﺟْﻤَﻠِﺔ أَْزواِﺟِﻪ‬.‫ َﻟَﻘْﺪ أَْﺣَﺴَﻨْﺖ َوأَْﺟَﻤَﻠْﺖ َﻓﺎْﺧﺘﺎَرِت اَﷲ َوَرُﺳﻮَﻟُﻪ‬:‫ َﻗﺎَل‬.‫ إْذ َﻫْﺐ َوَﺧﱢﯿْﺮ ﻫﺎ‬:‫ َﻗﺎَل‬.‫ إﱠﻧﻬﺎ إْﻣَﺮأَةٌ َﻛﺮﯾَﻤٌﺔ‬،‫إن اْﺑَﻨِﺘﻲ َﻻ ُﺗْﺴَﺒﻰ‬

‫ إﱠﻧُﻪ ﻟَﱠﻤﺎ‬:‫ إْﺣﺪا ُﻫﻤﺎ‬:‫ َوﻟَُﻪ ِﻓﻲ َﻫِﺬِه اﻟَﻐﺰاِة ﻓَﻀﯿﻠَﺘﺎِن‬.‫ﺼْﻠَﺢ ِﻋْﻨَﺪﻣﺎ َرأى َﺗَﻮﱡﺟَﻪ اَﻷْﻣِﺮ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻬْﻢ‬ ‫ َﻛﺎَن أِﻣﯿُﺮ اْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ُﻫَﻮ اﱠﻟِﺬي َﻛَﺘَﺐ َﺑْﯿَﻦ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َوَﺑْﯿَﻦ ُﺳَﻬْﯿِﻞ ْﺑِﻦ َﻋْﻤٍﺮو ﺣﯿَﻦ َﻃﻠََﺐ اﻟ ﱡ‬:‫َوﻓﻲ َﻏﺰاِة اْﻟُﺤَﺪْﯾِﺒَﯿِﺔ‬
‫ َﻓَﺒَﻌَﺚ َﻋـِﻠﱠﯿًﺎ َﻋَﻠْﯿـِﻪ‬.‫ َﻓَﺒَﻌَﺚ آَﺧـَﺮ َﻓَﻔَﻌَﻞ َﻛَﺬِﻟَﻚ‬.‫ َﻟْﻢ أَْﻗِﺪْر َﻋَﻠﻰ اْﻟُﻤِﻀﱢﻲ َﺧْﻮﻓًﺎ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟَﻘْﻮِم‬:‫ َﻓَﺒَﻌَﺚ َﺳْﻌَﺪ ْﺑَﻦ َﻣﺎِﻟٍﻚ ِﺑﺎﻟﱠﺮَواﯾﺎ َﻓَﻐﺎَب َﻗﺮﯾﺒًﺎ َوَﻋﺎَد َوﻗﺎَل‬،‫َﺧَﺮَج اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ إَﻟﻰ َﻏﺰاِة اﻟُﺤَﺪْﯾِﺒَﯿِﺔ َﻧَﺰَل اْﻟُﺠْﺤَﻔَﺔ َﻓَﻠْﻢ َﯾِﺠْﺪ ِﺑَﻬﺎ َﻣﺎ ًء‬

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under the enemy’s control, I fear to fetch water! The Holy Prophet assigned another person to fetch water. Like Sa`d, he too returned quickly and repeated what
Sa`d had said. At this time, the Messenger of Allah ordered `Ali to do the work. After searching, `Ali found out that water was in a spot controlled by the enemy.
Hence, without fearing the enemy, `Ali went to the same spot, filled the water skins, fastened them unto camels and brought them for the Holy Prophet (s.a) who
praised his valuable deed and prayed for him.[189]

`Ali’s second merit is that when the peace treaty was being concluded, Suhayl ibn `Amr turned to the Holy Prophet, saying: O Muhammad, give back to us these
slaves of ours who have joined you. The Holy Prophet was so annoyed with this request, that too, with bold tone that signs of anger could be seen in his face, for it
is not right to entrust Muslims to atheists. Besides, his impolite tone implied domineering. Hence, the Holy Prophet said: O group of Quraysh! Stop your hostile
attitude otherwise God will send to punish and behead you for the promotion of religion a person whose heart He has tried with faith. Those who were present said:
O Messenger of Allah, who is he? The Holy Prophet said: The one who is mending my shoes in the room. To know the man with such a merit, people rushed to the
room and found that it was `Ali ibn Abi-Talib.[190]

At a time one of the pair of shoes of the Holy Prophet was torn and had to be mended, he called `Ali to mend it. Then while walking a short space in his odd shoe, he
turned to his companions, saying: One of you will fight for the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an in the same way that he fights along with me for its revelation. Abu-

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Bakr said: Is it me? The Holy Prophet said: No. The companions kept silent, looking at one another, asking themselves whom the Holy Prophet meant. Breaking the
silence and pointing to `Ali, the Messenger of Allah said: He is the one who is presently mending my shoe, for he is the only person who stands against deviators
and fight for the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an and those Sunnahs of me which will be abandoned. This is at a time when the book of Allah will be distorted and
wrongdoers will interfere in religion. It is with `Ali’s fighting that God’s religion will gain a new life and he will cut their hands off religion.[191]

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.‫ ﻓََﺪﻋﺎ ﻟَُﻪ ِﺑَﺨْﯿٍﺮ‬،‫اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﺑﺎﻟﱠﺮواَﯾﺎ ﻓََﻮَرَد َواْﺳَﺘْﺴَﻘﻰ َوَﺟﺎ َء ِﺑَﻬﺎ إﻟَﻰ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬

‫ َﻟَﺘْﻨَﺘُﻬﱠﻦ َﯾﺎ َﻣْﻌَﺸَﺮ ُﻗَﺮْﯾٍﺶ أَْو َﻟَﯿْﺒَﻌُﺜﱠﻦ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿُﻜْﻢ َرُﺟًﻼ إْﻣَﺘَﺤَﻦ اُﷲ‬:‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﻗﺎَل‬،‫ َﻓَﻐِﻀَﺐ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َﺣﱠﺘﻰ َﻇَﻬَﺮ اْﻟَﻐَﻀُﺐ َﻋَﻠﻰ َوْﺟِﻬِﻪ‬.‫ َﯾﺎ ُﻣَﺤﱠﻤُﺪ إﱠن أَِرﱠﻗﺎ َءﻧﺎ َﻟِﺤُﻘﻮا ِﺑَﻚ َﻓﺎْرُدْد ُﻫْﻢ َﻋَﻠْﯿﻨﺎ‬:‫ أَْﻗَﺒَﻞ ُﺳَﻬْﯿُﻞ ْﺑُﻦ َﻋْﻤٍﺮو َﻓﻘﺎَل‬:‫َواﻟﱠﺜﺎِﻧَﯿُﺔ‬
‫ ﻓَﺈَذا ُﻫَﻮ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوَﻛﺎَن ﻗَِﺪ إْﻧَﻘَﻄ َﻊ ِﺷْﺴ ُﻊ َﻧْﻌِﻞ‬،‫ ﻓََﺘﺒﺎَدروا إﻟَْﯿﻬﺎ ِﻟَﯿْﻌِﺮﻓﻮا َﻣْﻦ ُﻫَﻮ‬.‫ َﺧﺎِﺻُﻒ اﻟﱠﻨْﻌِﻞ ِﻓﻲ اﻟُﺤْﺠَﺮِة‬:‫ َﻣْﻦ ُﻫَﻮ َﯾﺎ َرﺳﻮَل اِﷲ؟ ﻗَﺎَل‬:‫ﺾ اﻟَﺤﺎِﺿﺮﯾَﻦ‬ ُ ‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﺑْﻌ‬.‫ﻗَْﻠَﺒُﻪ ِﺑﺎﻹﯾَﻤﺎِن َﯾْﻀِﺮُب ِرﻗﺎَﺑُﻜْﻢ َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﱢﺪﯾِﻦ‬
‫ َﻓﻘﺎَل أَُﺑﻮ‬.‫ إﱠن َﺑْﯿَﻨُﻜْﻢ َﻣْﻦ ُﯾﻘﺎِﺗُﻞ َﻋَﻠﻰ اﻟﱠﺘْﺄوﯾِﻞ َﻛَﻤﺎ َﻗﺎَﺗْﻠُﺖ َﻋَﻠﻰ اﻟﱠﺘْﻨِﺰﯾِﻞ‬:‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ أَْﻗَﺒَﻞ َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َﻋَﻠﻰ أَْﺻﺤﺎِﺑِﻪ َﻓﻘﺎَل‬.‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﻣَﺸﻰ ِﻓﻲ َﻧْﻌٍﻞ َواِﺣٍﺪ ُﻏْﻠَﻮَة َﺳْﻬٍﻢ‬.‫َرُﺳﻮِل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َﻓَﺪَﻓَﻌﻬﺎ إَﻟﻰ َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ ُﯾْﺼِﻠُﺤﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﻓَﺈﱠﻧُﻪ ُﯾﻘﺎِﺗُﻞ َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﱠﺘْﺄِوﯾِﻞ إَذا ُﺗِﺮَﻛْﺖ‬،‫ َوأَْوَﻣﺄَ إﻟَﻰ َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬،‫ ﻟَِﻜﱠﻨُﻪ َﺧﺎِﺻُﻒ اﻟﱠﻨْﻌِﻞ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َرﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬.‫ﺾ‬ ٍ ‫ ﻓَﺄَْﻣَﺴُﻜﻮا َوَﻧَﻈَﺮ َﺑْﻌُﻀُﻬْﻢ إﻟَﻰ َﺑْﻌ‬.‫ َﻻ‬:‫ ﻓَﺄََﻧﺎ؟ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل ُﻋَﻤُﺮ‬.‫ َﻻ‬:‫ أَﻧﺎ َﯾﺎ َرﺳﻮَل اِﷲ؟ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬:‫َﺑْﻜٍﺮ‬
.‫ َﻓُﯿﻘﺎِﺗُﻠُﻬْﻢ َﻋَﻠﻰ إْﺣﯿﺎ ِء ِدﯾِﻦ اِﷲ‬،‫ﺲ َﻟُﻪ َذِﻟَﻚ‬ َ ‫ُﺳﱠﻨِﺘﻲ َوُﻧِﺒَﺬْت َوُﺣﱢﺮَف ِﻛﺘﺎُب اِﷲ َوَﺗَﻜﱠﻠَﻢ ِﻓﻲ اﻟﱢﺪﯾِﻦ َﻣْﻦ َﻟْﯿ‬

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In the battle of Khaybar, which took place in the seventh year A.H., it was `Ali who achieved victory for Islam. The Holy Prophet besieged for twenty and odd
nights the Jews of Khaybar who had dug a huge ditch round their fort, taking sanctuary in it.

Eventually, one day the Jews opened the gate of the fort. Marhab and his aides came out of the fort, declaring their combat readiness. At this time, the Messenger of
Allah called Abu-Bakr and gave the standard of Islam to him, placing a group of immigrants (Muhajir) under his command. Abu-Bakr who was facing defeat soon
returned along with those accompanying him.

On the second day, the Messenger of Allah gave the standard of Islam to `Umar, appointing him the commander of the army. He went a few steps forward but not
being able to advance and facing defeat, he too returned. Seeing the defeat of the two, the Holy Prophet said: Where is `Ali? Tell him to come to me. It was said he
had sore eye. The Holy Prophet said for a second time: Tell `Ali to come here, for he is a man who loves God and His messenger and God and His messenger too
love him. He has never abandoned the battlefield and has defeated his enemy with his successive attacks. He is the one who carries the banner of Islam and adds to
its glory.

The companions rushed to `Ali conveying the Holy Prophet’s message. Unable to see before him, `Ali in compliance with the Holy Prophet’s order was brought to
the Messenger of Allah who asked: What is the problem? `Ali said: I have sore eye and a bad headache. The Holy Prophet said: Sit down and put your head on my
lap. Then, putting his saliva on the head and eyes of `Ali the Holy Prophet prayed for him. `Ali immediately opened his eyes and there was no sign of headache in
him. Giving then the white banner to `Ali, the Holy Prophet said: By carrying this banner, victory will be yours, for Gabriel will accompany you and victory awaits
you. You will cast such a horror in hearts that they will have no option other than surrender. In their book, Torah they have read that the one who will overcome them
and will destroy their fort is a man by the name of Ilya. Once you get near to their fort, tell them: I am the son of Abu-Talib and my name is `Ali. This word is the sign
of their humiliation. With Allah’s Grace, you will achieve victory soon. To carry out the Holy Prophet’s order, `Ali set out for the Jews’ fort. Wearing a cuirass,
having

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:‫َوﻓﻲ َﻏﺰاِة َﺧْﯿَﺒَﺮ‬

‫ﺾ اَﻷﱠﯾﺎِم ﻓََﺘﺤﻮا اﻟَﺒﺎَب َوﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻗَْﺪ َﺧْﻨَﺪُﻗﻮا َﻋﻠَﻰ أَْﻧُﻔِﺴِﻬْﻢ َﺧْﻨَﺪﻗًﺎ َوَﺧَﺮَج‬ِ ‫ ﻓَﻔﻲ َﺑْﻌ‬.‫ َﺣﺎَﺻَﺮ ُﻫْﻢ َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻّﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ِﺑْﻀﻌًﺎ َوِﻋْﺸﺮﯾَﻦ ﻟَْﯿﻠًَﺔ‬.‫ َﻛﺎَن اﻟَﻔْﺘُﺢ ِﻓﯿَﻬﺎ َﻷِﻣﯿِﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬،‫َوﻛﺎَﻧْﺖ ِﻓﻲ َﺳَﻨِﺔ َﺳْﺒ ٍﻊ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟِﻬْﺠَﺮِة‬
‫ إْﺋُﺘﻮِﻧﻲ‬:‫ َﻓﻘﺎَل َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬.‫ َﻓَﺴﺎَر َﻏْﯿَﺮ َﺑﻌﯿٍﺪ ُﺛﱠﻢ اْﻧَﻬَﺰَم‬،‫ َﻓَﻠﱠﻤﺎ َﻛﺎَن ِﻣَﻦ اﻟَﻐِﺪ أَْﻋﻄﺎ َﻫﺎ ُﻋَﻤَﺮ‬.‫ َﻓَﺪﻋﺎ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ أََﺑﺎ َﺑْﻜٍﺮ َوأَْﻋﻄﺎُه اﻟﱠﺮاَﯾَﺔ ِﻓﻲ َﺟْﻤ ٍﻊ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟُﻤَﻬﺎِﺟِﺮﯾَﻦ َﻓﺎْﻧَﻬَﺰَم‬.‫ض ِﻟْﻠَﺤْﺮِب‬ ُ ‫َﻣْﺮَﺣُﺐ ِﺑَﺄْﺻﺤﺎِﺑِﻪ َﯾَﺘَﻌﱠﺮ‬
‫ َرَﻣﺪًا َﻣﺎ أُْﺑِﺼُﺮ َﻣَﻌُﻪ َوُﺻَﺪاﻋًﺎ‬:‫ َﯾﺎ َﻋِﻠﱡﻲ َﻣﺎ َﺗْﺸَﺘِﻜﻲ؟ ﻗَﺎَل‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫ ﻓَﺠﺎؤوا ِﺑَﻌِﻠﱟﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﯾُﻘﻮُدوَﻧُﻪ إﻟَْﯿِﻪ‬.‫ َﻛﱠﺮاٌر َﻏْﯿُﺮ ﻓَﱠﺮاٍر َﯾْﺄُﺧُﺬ ﻫﺎ ِﺑَﺤﱢﻘَﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل ُﻷوَﺗَﯿﱠﻨُﻪ َﺗَﺮْوِﻧﻲ َرُﺟًﻼ ُﯾِﺤﱡﺐ اَﷲ َوَرُﺳﻮﻟَُﻪ َوُﯾِﺤﱡﺒُﻪ اُﷲ َوَرُﺳﻮُﻟُﻪ‬.‫ إﱠﻧُﻪ أْرَﻣُﺪ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﯿَﻞ‬.‫ِﺑَﻌِﻠﱟﻲ‬
،‫ َﻓَﺠْﺒَﺮﺋﯿُﻞ َﻣَﻌَﻚ َواﻟﱠﻨْﺼُﺮ أَﻣﺎَﻣَﻚ‬،‫ﺾ ِﺑَﻬﺎ‬ ِ ‫ إْﻣ‬:‫ َوأَْﻋﻄﺎُه اﻟﱠﺮاَﯾَﺔ َوَﻛﺎَﻧْﺖ َﺑْﯿﻀﺎ َء َوﻗﺎَل‬.‫ﺼَﺪاُع‬
‫ َﻓﺎْﻧَﻔَﺘَﺤْﺖ َﻋْﯿﻨﺎُه َوَﺳَﻜَﻦ اﻟ ﱡ‬،‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﺗَﻔَﻞ ِﻓﻲ َﯾِﺪِه َوَﻣَﺴﺢ ِﺑَﻬﺎ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻋْﯿَﻨْﯿِﻪ َوَرْأِﺳِﻪ َوَدَﻋﺎ َﻟُﻪ‬.‫ إْﺟِﻠْﺲ َوَﺿ ْﻊ َرْأَﺳَﻚ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻓِﺨِﺬي‬:‫ َﻓﻘﺎَل‬.‫ِﺑَﺮْأِﺳﻲ‬
‫ ﻓََﻤﻀـﻰ َﻋـِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﺣﱠﺘﻰ أَﺗﻰ‬.‫ ﻓَﺈﱠﻧُﻬْﻢ ُﯾْﺨَﺬﻟﻮَن إْن َﺷﺎ َء اُﷲ‬.‫ أَﻧﺎ َﻋِﻠﱡﻲ ْﺑُﻦ أَِﺑﻲ َﻃﺎِﻟٍﺐ‬:‫ ﻓَﺈذا ﻟَِﻘﯿَﺘُﻬْﻢ ﻓَُﻘْﻞ‬،‫ َواْﻋﻠَْﻢ َﯾﺎ َﻋِﻠﱡﻲ أَﱠﻧُﻬْﻢ َﯾِﺠﺪوَن ِﻓﻲ ِﻛﺘﺎِﺑِﻬْﻢ أﱠن اﻟﱠِﺬي ُﯾَﺪﱢﻣُﺮ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻬْﻢ َرُﺟٌﻞ اْﺳُﻤُﻪ إْﻟﯿﺎ‬،‫َواﻟﱡﺮْﻋُﺐ َﻣْﺒﺜﻮٌث ِﻓﻲ ُﺻُﺪوِر اﻟَﻘْﻮِم‬
ٌ‫ َﻓَﺨَﺮَج َﻣْﺮَﺣٌﺐ َوَﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ ِدْرٌع َوَﻣْﻐَﻔَﺮة‬،‫اْﻟِﺤْﺼـَﻦ‬

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a helmet with a stone in it on his head and prepared for fighting, Marhab came out of the fort. After a short while and in a hand to hand fighting `Ali with a strike of a
sword, cut his helmet into two, cleaving the stone and his head to his teeth. Marhab fell on the ground and went to the hell.[192]

A Jewish rabbi reports: When `Ali said: I am `Ali ibn Abi-Talib, a heavy horror fell on the hearts of the Jews and whoever accompanied Marhab escaped into the
fort, closing its gate tightly. With the divine power, `Ali took off the gate of the fort, making it a bridge for the Muslims to cross it and to enter the fort. Muslims
gained huge booties in this way.

When the Muslims gave up taking the booties, `Ali threw the gate a few meters away. The gate was so heavy that forty men helped one another to close it. It also
required seventy men to take it off its place. At this time, a man asked `Ali: How did you take off a gate like this? `Ali said: The gate was not as heavy as the shield I
wield in my hand. Then, he said: By God, I did not take it off with my physical power. Rather, it was a divine force which helped me to take it off and to place it as a
bridge for Muslims to cross over.[193]

In the conquest of Mecca when God promised the Holy Prophet victory, stating: “When there comes the help of Allah and victory” (110:1), the banner of Islam was
in `Ali’s hand.[194]

When entering Mecca, the Messenger of Allah took a pledge from the pride-taking army of Islam not to fight anyone unless they start to fight. Only a few people
who had harassed the Holy Prophet had been made exceptions to this command. One of them was Huwayrith ibn Nufayl ibn Ka`b who harassed the Holy Prophet in
Mecca and was punished and killed by `Ali on the order of the Holy Prophet.[195]

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When the Messenger of Allah entered the sacred mosque, there were three hundred and sixty idols chained together with a rope. The Holy Prophet ordered `Ali to
bring him a handful of small sands. `Ali too complied with the Holy Prophet’s order and prepared the small sands. Aiming at all the idols, the Messenger of Allah
recited: “Say: the truth has come and the falsehood has vanished; surely falsehood is a vanishing thing” (17:81) and ordered all the idols to be toppled, thrown away
from the mosque and be broken.[196]

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.‫ ﻓَﺎْﺧَﺘﻠَﻔﺎ ِﺑَﻀْﺮَﺑَﺘْﯿِﻦ ﻓََﺒَﺪَر ِﺑِﻪ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﺑَﻀْﺮَﺑٍﺔ ﻫﺎِﺷِﻤﱠﯿٍﺔ ﻓََﻘﱠﺪ اْﻟَﺤﺠَﺮ َواْﻟَﻤْﻐَﻔَﺮ َوَرأَْﺳُﻪ َﺣﱠﺘﻰ َوﻗَ َﻊ اﻟﱠﺴْﯿُﻒ َﻋﻠَﻰ أَْﺿﺮاِﺳِﻪ َوَﺧﱠﺮ َﺻﺮﯾﻌًﺎ‬،‫َوَﺣَﺠٌﺮ ﻗَْﺪ َﺛَﻘَﺒُﻪ ِﻣْﺜَﻞ اﻟَﺒْﯿَﻀِﺔ َﻋﻠَﻰ َرأِْﺳِﻪ‬

‫ َﻓَﻌﺎَﻟَﺠُﻪ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻓَﻔَﺘَﺤُﻪ َوأََﺧَﺬ اﻟﺒﺎَب َوَﺟَﻌَﻠُﻪ ِﺟْﺴﺮًا‬.‫ َﻟﱠﻤﺎ َﻗﺎَل أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم أَﻧﺎ َﻋِﻠﱡﻲ ْﺑُﻦ أَِﺑﻲ ﻃﺎِﻟٍﺐ َﺧﺎَﻣَﺮ ُﻫْﻢ ُرْﻋٌﺐ َﺷﺪﯾٌﺪ َواْﻧَﻬَﺰَم َﻣْﻦ َﻛﺎَن َﺗِﺒ َﻊ َﻣْﺮَﺣﺒًﺎ َوأَْﻏَﻠُﻘﻮا َﺑﺎَب اﻟِﺤْﺼِﻦ‬:‫َوﻗﺎَل َﺣْﺒٌﺮ ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ‬
.‫ َوَراَم اْﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﻮَن َﺣْﻤَﻞ َذِﻟَﻚ اﻟَﺒﺎِب ﻓَﻠَْﻢ َﯾْﻨُﻘْﻠُﻪ إﱠﻻ َﺳْﺒﻌﻮَن َرُﺟًﻼ‬.‫ َوَﻛﺎَن ُﯾْﻐِﻠُﻘُﻪ ِﻋْﺸﺮوَن َرُﺟًﻼ‬،‫ َوﻟَﱠﻤﺎ اْﻧَﺼَﺮُﻓﻮا َرَﻣﻰ ِﺑِﻪ ِﺑُﯿْﻤﻨﺎُه أَْذُرﻋًﺎ‬.‫َﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟَﺨْﻨَﺪِق َﺣﱠﺘﻰ َﻋَﺒَﺮ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﻮَن ﻓََﻈَﻔﺮوا ِﺑﺎﻟِﺤْﺼِﻦ َوأََﺧﺬوا اﻟَﻐﻨﺎِﺋَﻢ‬

.‫ َوَﻣﺎ َﻗَﻠْﻌُﺖ َﺑﺎَب َﺧْﯿَﺒَﺮ ِﺑُﻘﱠﻮٍة ِﺟْﺴَﻤﺎِﻧﱠﯿٍﺔ َوَﻟِﻜْﻦ ِﺑُﻘﱠﻮٍة َرﱠﺑﺎِﻧﱠﯿٍﺔ‬:‫َوﻗﺎَل َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬

:‫َوﻓﻲ َﻏﺰاِة اﻟَﻔْﺘِﺢ‬

‫ ﻓََﻘَﺘَﻞ أِﻣﯿُﺮ‬.‫ ﴿إَِذا َﺟﺎ َء َﻧْﺼُﺮ اِﷲ َواْﻟَﻔْﺘُﺢ﴾ َﻛﺎَﻧِﺖ اﻟﱠﺮاَﯾُﺔ َﻣ َﻊ َﻋﻠِﱟﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوَﻛﺎَن َﻋِﻬَﺪ َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ أْن َﻻ ُﯾَﻘﺎِﺗﻠﻮا ِﺑَﻤﱠﻜَﺔ إﱠﻻ َﻣْﻦ ﻗَﺎَﺗﻠََﻬْﻢ ِﺳَﻮى َﻧَﻔٍﺮ َﻛﺎُﻧﻮا ُﯾْﺆُذوَﻧُﻪ‬:‫اﻟﱠِﺘﻲ َوَﻋَﺪ اُﷲ َﺗﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َﻧِﺒﱠﯿُﻪ ِﺑَﻨْﺼِﺮِه ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬
‫ َﯾﺎ‬:‫ص ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬ ِ ‫ﺾ ِﺑﺎﻟﱠﺮَﺻﺎ‬ ٍ ‫ َدَﺧَﻞ اﻟَﻤْﺴِﺠَﺪ ﻓََﻮَﺟَﺪ ِﻓﯿِﻪ َﺛﻼَﺛِﻤﺎَﺋٍﺔ َوِﺳﱢﺘﯿَﻦ َﺻَﻨﻤًﺎ َﺑْﻌُﻀﻬﺎ َﻣْﺸﺪوٌد ِﺑَﺒْﻌ‬،‫ َوَﻟﱠﻤﺎ َدَﺧَﻞ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َﻣﱠﻜَﺔ‬.‫اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ اﻟَﺤﺎِرَث ْﺑَﻦ ُﻧَﻔْﯿِﻞ ْﺑِﻦ َﻛْﻌٍﺐ َوَﻛﺎَن ُﯾْﺆِذي َرُﺳﻮَل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ِﺑَﻤﱠﻜَﺔ‬
.‫ ﴿ُﻗْﻞ َﺟﺎ َء اْﻟَﺤﱡﻖ َوَز َﻫَﻖ اْﻟَﺒﺎِﻃُﻞ إِﱠن اْﻟَﺒﺎِﻃَﻞ َﻛﺎَن َز ُﻫﻮﻗًﺎ﴾ ﻓَﻠَْﻢ َﯾْﺒَﻖ ﻓِﯿَﻬﺎ َﺻَﻨٌﻢ إﱠﻻ َﺧﱠﺮ ﻟَِﻮْﺟِﻬِﻪ َوأُْﺧِﺮَﺟْﺖ ِﻣَﻦ اْﻟَﻤْﺴِﺠِﺪ َوُﻛِﺴَﺮْت‬:‫َﻋﻠِﱡﻲ أَْﻋِﻄِﻨﻲ َﻛﱠﻔًﺎ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟَﺤَﺼﺎ ﻓََﻨﺎَوﻟَُﻪ َﻛﱠﻔًﺎ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟَﺤَﺼﻰ ﻓََﺮﻣﺎ َﻫﺎ ِﺑِﻪ َو ُﻫَﻮ َﯾﻘﻮُل‬

(134)

In the battle of Hunayn, the Messenger of Allah supported by ten thousand Muslims left Medina for Hunayn. At that time, Abu-Bakr self-admiringly said: We will
never be defeated in this battle because of shortage in human force, but in the climax of conflict, they all fled save nine persons from Banu-Hashim and the tenth
person was Ayman ibn Ummi-Ayman who was martyred and the verse “then you turned back retreating; Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon His apostle and
upon the believers” (9:25-26) was revealed about those who retreated. Believers in this verse include `Ali and those who remained steadfast with him.

At a time when `Ali was defending with his unsheathed sword in front of the Holy Prophet, `Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib was on the right side, Fadl Ibn `Abbas on the
left side, Abu-Sufyan ibn Harith holding the reins of his horse, Nawfal and Rabi`ah, the two sons of Harith, `Abdullah ibn Zubayr ibn `Abd al-Muttalib, `Utbah ibn
Mu`it, two sons of Abi- Lahab had circled round the Messenger of Allah and were protecting him.[197]

The Messenger of Allah said to his uncle, `Abbas who had an audible voice to call with loud voice those who were fleeing and to remind them of the divine pledge
they had with the Holy Prophet. Therefore, `Abbas cried loudly: O followers of the Messenger of Allah who expressed your allegiance with him under the tree, O
companions of Surah Baqarah, where are you fleeing? Why have you forgotten the pledge you have given to God and His messenger? Come back and be steadfast!
The people who had fled in the dark of the night leaving the Messenger of Allah alone among the enemy, by hearing his voice and considering that he was watching
them flee and knew them, came down from the adjacent hills, while being encouraged gathered around the Holy Prophet and bravely broke the siege of the
enemy.[198]

In the thick of the fight, a man from the tribe of Hawazin, names Abu-Jarwal, carrying a black banner with the intention to kill the Holy Prophet was killed by `Ali.
With his killing the atheists took to their heels. While they were fleeing, `Ali killed forty others of them. Thereafter, the army of atheism was defeated and a number
of them were taken captive by Muslims.[199]

(135)

:‫َوﻓﻲ َﻏﺰاِة ُﺣَﻨْﯿٍﻦ‬

‫ ﻓََﻠﱠﻤﺎ اﻟَﺘَﻘْﻮا إْﻧَﻬَﺰﻣﻮا َﺟِﻤﯿﻌًﺎ َوَﻟْﻢ َﯾْﺒَﻖ َﻣ َﻊ َرُﺳﻮِل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ‬.‫ َﻟْﻦ ُﻧْﻐَﻠَﺐ اﻟَﯿْﻮَم ِﻣْﻦ ِﻗﱠﻠِﺔ ِﻓﻌﺎِﻟِﻬْﻢ‬:‫إْﺳَﺘْﻈَﻬَﺮ َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ِﺑَﻜْﺜَﺮِة اْﻟَﺠْﻤ ِﻊ ﻓََﺨَﺮَج ِﻓﻲ َﻋَﺸَﺮِة آﻻٍف ِﻣَﻦ اﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﯿَﻦ ﻓَﺄَْﻋَﺠَﺐ أََﺑﺎ َﺑْﻜٍﺮ اﻟَﻜْﺜَﺮُة َوﻗﺎَل‬
‫﴾ ُﯾِﺮﯾُﺪ َﻋﻠِﱠﯿًﺎ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوَﻣْﻦ‬.‫ ﻓَﺄَْﻧَﺰَل اُﷲ َﺗﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ﴿ُﺛﱠﻢ َوﻟﱠْﯿُﺘْﻢ ُﻣْﺪِﺑِﺮﯾَﻦ ُﺛﱠﻢ أَْﻧَﺰَل اُﷲ َﺳِﻜﯿَﻨَﺘُﻪ َﻋﻠَﻰ َرُﺳﻮﻟِِﻪ َوَﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ‬.‫َوآﻟِِﻪ ِﻣَﻦ اْﻟُﻤْﺴﻠِﻤﯿَﻦ ِﺳَﻮى ِﺗْﺴَﻌِﺔ َﻧَﻔٍﺮ ِﻣْﻦ َﺑِﻨﻲ َﻫﺎِﺷٍﻢ َوَﻋﺎِﺷُﺮ ُﻫْﻢ أْﯾَﻤُﻦ ْﺑُﻦ أُﱢم أَْﯾَﻤَﻦ ﻓَُﻘِﺘَﻞ َوَﺑِﻘَﯿِﺖ اﻟﱢﺘْﺴَﻌُﺔ‬
‫ َوأَﺑﻮ ُﺳْﻔﯿﺎَن ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﺤﺎِرِث ُﻣْﻤِﺴٌﻚ ِﺑَﺴْﺮِﺟِﻪ َوَﻧْﻮﻓَُﻞ َوَرِﺑﯿَﻌُﺔ اْﺑﻨﺎ اﻟَﺤﺎِرِث َوَﻋْﺒُﺪ اِﷲ ْﺑُﻦ اﻟﱡﺰَﺑْﯿِﺮ ْﺑِﻦ َﻋْﺒِﺪاﻟُﻤﱠﻄِﻠِﺐ‬،‫س َﻋْﻦ َﯾﺴﺎِرِه‬ ِ ‫ َوَﻛﺎَن َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻗَﺎِﺋﻤًﺎ ِﺑﺎﻟﱠﺴْﯿِﻒ َﺑْﯿَﻦ َﯾَﺪْﯾِﻪ َواﻟَﻌﱠﺒﺎُس َﻋْﻦ َﯾﻤﯿِﻨِﻪ َواﻟَﻔْﻀُﻞ ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻌﱠﺒﺎ‬.‫َﺛَﺒَﺖ َﻣَﻌُﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ِ َ ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ َ ْ َ َ
‫ َﯾﺎ أ ﻫﻞ َﺑْﯿَﻌﺔ اﻟﺸَﺠَﺮة! َﯾﺎ أْﺻَﺤﺎَب ُﺳﻮَرة اﻟَﺒﻘَﺮة! إﻟﻰ أْﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﱡﺮون؟ إذﻛﺮوا اﻟَﻌْﻬﺪ اﻟﺬي‬:‫ ﻓﻨﺎدى‬.‫س َوذﻛْﺮ ﻫُﻢ اﻟَﻌْﻬﺪ‬ َ َ ُ ‫ﱢ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ َ
ِ ‫ ﻧﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺎ‬:‫س َوَﻛﺎَن َﺟُﻬﻮِرﱠي اﻟﱠﺼْﻮِت‬ ِ ‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ ﻟِْﻠَﻌﱠﺒﺎ‬.‫َوُﻋْﺘَﺒُﺔ َوُﻣَﻌﱠﺘُﺐ اْﺑﻨﺎ أَِﺑﻲ ﻟََﻬٍﺐ َﺣْﻮﻟَُﻪ‬
‫ﺾ َوْﺟِﻬِﻪ ﻓَﺄَﺿﺎ َء َﻛﺄَﱠﻧُﻪ‬ ِ ‫َﻋﺎ َﻫْﺪُﺗْﻢ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َرُﺳﻮَل اِﷲ! َواﻟَﻘْﻮُم ﻗَْﺪ َوﱠﻟْﻮا ُﻣْﺪِﺑﺮِﯾَﻦ َوَﻛﺎَﻧْﺖ َﻟْﯿَﻠًﺔ َﻇْﻠﻤﺎ َء َوَرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ِﻓﻲ اﻟَﻮاِدي َواﻟُﻤْﺸِﺮُﻛﻮَن ﻗَْﺪ َﺧَﺮُﺟﻮا َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ ِﻣْﻦ ِﺷﻌﺎِب اﻟَﻮاِدي ِﺑُﺴُﯿﻮِﻓِﻬْﻢ ﻓََﻨَﻈَﺮ إَﻟﻰ اﻟﱠﻨﺎ‬
ِ ‫س ِﺑَﺒْﻌ‬
‫ َوَﺟﺎ َء َرُﺟٌﻞ ِﻣْﻦ َﻫﻮاِزَن اْﺳُﻤُﻪ أَُﺑﻮ َﺟْﺰَوَل َوَﻣَﻌُﻪ َراَﯾٌﺔ َﺳْﻮدا ُء ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ‬.‫ض ﻓَﺎْﻧَﺤَﺪروا َﺣﱠﺘﻰ ﻟَِﺤُﻘﻮا اﻟَﻌُﺪﱠو‬ ِ ‫ أَْﯾَﻦ َﻣﺎ َﻋﺎ َﻫْﺪُﺗُﻢ اَﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ؟ ﻓَﺄَْﺳَﻤ َﻊ أَﱠوﻟَُﻬْﻢ َوآِﺧَﺮ ُﻫْﻢ ﻓَﻠَْﻢ َﯾْﺴَﻤْﻌﻬﺎ َرُﺟٌﻞ إﱠﻻ َرَﻣﻰ َﻧْﻔَﺴُﻪ إﻟَﻰ اﻷْر‬:‫اﻟَﻘَﻤُﺮ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﻧﺎَدى‬
.‫ َوﻗََﺘَﻞ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﺻَﻠﻮاُت اِﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َﺑْﻌَﺪ َذِﻟَﻚ أَْرَﺑﻌﯿَﻦ َرُﺟًﻼ ﻓََﻜُﻤَﻠِﺖ اْﻟَﻬِﺰﯾَﻤُﺔ َوَﺣَﺼَﻞ اَﻷْﺳُﺮ‬.‫َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوَﻛﺎَﻧْﺖ َﻫﺰﯾَﻤُﺔ اﻟُﻤْﺸِﺮﻛﯿَﻦ ِﺑَﻘْﺘِﻞ أَِﺑﻲ َﺟْﺰَوَل‬

(136)

In the battle of Tabuk, God revealed to the Holy Prophet there was no need for fighting, and that the only duty of him and Muslims aimed at intimidating the enemy
was to move towards Rome, as it was the time of gathering the fruits of palm trees, and people feared confrontation with the powerful enemy, most people refused
to take part in the battle. The Messenger of Allah who had taken march towards Tabuk seriously, to carry out God’s order, departed with a group of believers toward
Tabuk, appointing `Ali as his successor to protect Medina and to act as guardians of families, saying to him: The security of this city will not be guarded by anyone
except you and me.

The Messenger of Allah knew that the Arabs residing around Mecca and those who had suffered life losses in the battles were looking for a chance to invade
Mecca when the Holy Prophet was not in that city. It was due to this reason that he vigilantly endeavored to safeguard it. Now that the Holy Prophet was in the
battle, he appointed `Ali to safeguard Medina which was feared to face chaos in the absence of the Messenger of Allah. Hearing this, the blind-hearted hypocrites
and gossipmongers inside Medina were extremely worried and jealous of `Ali, for they knew that with the presence of `Ali no danger could threaten Medina and in
this way their plot was foiled. Hence, they started the so-called cold war, spreading the rumor by saying: As the presence of `Ali in this battle is heavy for the
prophet, he does not wish to take him with himself. Therefore, he leaves `Ali in Medina which means he does not honor `Ali, though they knew how much the Holy
Prophet was interested in `Ali!

This kind of rumors was heavy for `Ali. So he immediately left Medina for meeting the Messenger of Allah. He informed the Holy Prophet of the rumors, saying:
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Hypocrites have this impression that appointing me as your successor in Medina is not aimed at honoring me but it is because you don’t like me to accompany you!
Fondling `Ali, the Messenger of Allah said: O my brother, go back to Medina, for Medina has no security without me and you. Your position to me is like that of
Aaron to Moses except that there will come no prophet after me. In my absence, you will be caliph and successor for my kinsmen.[200]

(137)

:‫َوﻓﻲ َﻏﺰاِة َﺗُﺒﻮٍك‬

‫ ﻓَﺄَْﺑَﻄﺄَ أَْﻛَﺜُﺮ ُﻫْﻢ َﻋْﻦ ﻃﺎَﻋِﺘِﻪ ِﺣْﺮﺻًﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ‬،‫ ﻓَﺎْﺳَﺘْﻨَﻔَﺮ ُﻫُﻢ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ إﻟَﻰ ِﺑﻼِد اﻟﱡﺮوِم َوﻗَْﺪ أَْﯾَﻨَﻌْﺖ ِﺛﻤﺎُر ُﻫْﻢ َواْﺷَﺘﱠﺪ اﻟَﺤﱡﺮ‬.‫س َﻣَﻌُﻪ‬ ِ ‫أَْوَﺣﻰ اُﷲ َﺗﻌﺎﻟَﻰ إﻟَﻰ َﻧِﺒﱢﯿِﻪ أﱠﻧُﻪ َﻻ َﯾْﺤﺘﺎُج إﻟَﻰ اﻟِﻘﺘﺎِل َوَﻛﱠﻠَﻔُﻪ اﻟَﻤِﺴﯿَﺮ ِﺑَﻨْﻔِﺴِﻪ َواْﺳِﺘْﻨَﻔﺎَر اﻟﱠﻨﺎ‬
‫ ﻷﱠﻧُﻪ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻋِﻠَﻢ‬،‫ إﱠن اْﻟَﻤِﺪﯾَﻨَﺔ َﻻ َﺗْﺼُﻠُﺢ إﱠﻻ ِﺑﻲ أَْو ِﺑَﻚ‬:‫ َوﻗﺎَل َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬.‫ َواْﺳَﺘْﺨَﻠَﻒ أِﻣﯿَﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻋَﻠﻰ اْﻟَﻤِﺪﯾَﻨِﺔ َوَﻋَﻠﻰ أ ْﻫِﻠِﻪ ِﺑَﻬﺎ َوَﺣﺮﯾِﻤِﻪ‬.‫ﺾ َﺑْﻌُﻀُﻬْﻢ‬ َ ‫اْﻟَﻤﻌﯿَﺸِﺔ َوَﺧْﻮﻓًﺎ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟَﺤﱢﺮ َوِﻟﻘﺎ ِء اﻟَﻌُﺪﱢو َوَﻧَﻬ‬
‫ َوﻟَﱠﻤﺎ َﻋِﻠَﻢ اْﻟُﻤَﻨﺎِﻓُﻘﻮَن إْﺳِﺘْﺨﻼﻓَُﻪ ﻟَُﻪ َﺣَﺴُﺪوُه َوَﻋِﻠُﻤﻮا أﱠن اْﻟَﻤِﺪﯾَﻨَﺔ‬.‫ ﻓَﺄَْﺷَﻔَﻖ أْن َﯾَﻄُﺄوا َﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟَﻤِﺪﯾَﻨِﺔ ِﻋْﻨَﺪ َﻧْﺄِﯾِﻪ َﻋْﻨﻬﺎ ﻓََﻤَﺘﻰ ﻟَْﻢ ُﯾِﻘْﻢ ِﻓﯿَﻬﺎ َﻣْﻦ ُﯾﻤﺎِﺛُﻠُﻪ َوﻗَ َﻊ اﻟَﻔَﺴﺎُد ِﻓﯿَﻬﺎ‬،‫َﻣﺎ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اَﻷْﻋَﺮاُب اﱠﻟﺬﯾَﻦ َﺣْﻮَل َﻣﱠﻜَﺔ َوَﻏﺰا ُﻫْﻢ َوَﺳَﻔَﻚ ِدَﻣﺎ َء ُﻫْﻢ‬
‫ َﻓَﻠِﺤَﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ‬.‫س إَﻟْﯿِﻪ‬ ِ ‫ َﻣ َﻊ ِﻋْﻠِﻤِﻬْﻢ ِﺑَﺄﱠﻧُﻪ أََﺣﱡﺐ اﻟﱠﻨﺎ‬،‫ َﺑْﻞ إْﺳِﺘْﻘﻼًﻻ ِﺑِﻪ َواْﺳِﺘْﺜﻘﺎًﻻ ِﺑِﻪ‬،‫ إﱠﻧُﻪ َﻟْﻢ َﯾْﺴَﺘْﺨِﻠْﻔُﻪ إِْﻛﺮاﻣًﺎ َﻟُﻪ َوإْﺟﻼًﻻ‬:‫ َوَﻏَﺒُﻄﻮُه َﻋَﻠﻰ اﻟﱠﺪَﻋِﺔ ِﻋْﻨَﺪ أَْﻫِﻠِﻪ َﻓَﺄْرَﺟُﻔﻮا ِﺑِﻪ َوَﻗﺎﻟﻮا‬،‫َﺗَﺘَﺤﱠﻔُﻆ ِﺑِﻪ َوَﯾْﻨَﻘِﻄ ُﻊ َﻃَﻤُﻌُﻬْﻢ َوَﻃَﻤ ُﻊ اﻟَﻌُﺪﱢو ِﻓﯿَﻬﺎ‬
‫ أََﻣﺎ َﺗْﺮَﺿﻰ أَْن َﺗُﻜﻮَن ِﻣﱢﻨﻲ ِﺑَﻤْﻨِﺰﻟَِﺔ َﻫﺎُروَن‬.‫ ﻓَﺄَْﻧَﺖ َﺧِﻠﯿَﻔِﺘﻲ ِﻓﻲ أَْﻫِﻠﻲ َوَداِر ِﻫْﺠَﺮِﺗﻲ َوﻗَْﻮِﻣﻲ‬.‫ ﻓَﺈﱠن اْﻟَﻤﺪﯾَﻨَﺔ َﻻ َﺗْﺼُﻠُﺢ إﱠﻻ ِﺑﻲ أْو ِﺑَﻚ‬،‫ إِْرِﺟ ْﻊ َﯾﺎ أَِﺧﻲ إﻟَﻰ َﻣَﻜﺎِﻧَﻚ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫ إﱠن اْﻟُﻤﻨﺎِﻓِﻘﯿَﻦ َزَﻋُﻤﻮا أَﱠﻧَﻚ َﺧﻠﱠْﻔَﺘِﻨﻲ إْﺳِﺘْﺜﻘﺎًﻻ ِﺑﻲ‬:‫َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َوﻗﺎَل‬
‫ِﻣْﻦ ُﻣﻮَﺳﻰ إﱠﻻ أَﱠﻧُﻪ َﻻ َﻧِﺒﱠﻲ َﺑْﻌِﺪي؟‬

(138)

When the Messenger of Allah returned to Medina from Tabuk, `Amr ibn Ma`dyakrib Zubaydi came to him. The Holy Prophet spoke to him about belief in God and
His messenger, and he too along with his tribe accepted Islam. At this time the man’s eye fell on Ubay ibn Athath Khath`ami who had killed his father. Taking him by
the neck, `Amr brought him to the Holy Prophet, saying: This is the killer of my father. Let me punish him with retribution. The Messenger of Allah said: Bloodshed in
the time of ignorance has no value in Islam. `Amr who took pride in his belief and had the impression that the Holy Prophet would issue the order of retribution
because of his belief, gave up Islam and became an apostate, for his demand had not been met.

The Messenger of Allah sent `Ali to the tribe of `Amr (Banu-Zubayd) to either arrest or kill him. As soon as the tribesmen saw `Ali with his special anger said to
`Amr: O Bathur, what would you feel if this youth of Quraysh defeats you and you have to pay heavily for your act implying that you will be disgraced among your
tribesmen. `Amr proudly said: It is in fighting that he will understand who I am and who he is! Saying this, `Amr asked for challenger, `Ali stood opposite him and
made a loud cry. Hearing `Ali’s loud cry, `Amr left the scene and took to his heels! In the thick of the fight `Ali killed `Amr’s brother, his nephews, and took his wife
and the women of Banu-Zubayd captives. After achieving victory at the end of fighting, `Ali returned to Medina, appointing Khalid ibn Sa`id over them to give
amnesty to those who embrace Islam and to collect their alms. When peace prevailed, `Amr resorted to Khalid, embraced Islam once again and spoke to him about
his wife and children, asking for their freedom. Khalid too freed `Amr’s wife and children. When taking the girls of Bani-Zubayd, `Ali chose one of those girls for
himself but Khalid ibn Walid who was among the army of Islam, because of his rancor against `Ali, told Buraydah Aslami to rush to Medina to inform the Messenger
of Allah before the arrival Islam’s army. Reaching the house of the Holy Prophet, Khalid saw `Umar and informed him of the affair to know his opinion. `Umar who
was looking for such a chance confirmed his opinion and asked him to go to the Messenger of Allah as soon as possible, thinking that the Holy Prophet would get
angry with `Ali’s act because of his daughter, Fatimah. Buraydah went to the presence of the Holy Prophet and

(139)

‫ َوَﻧَﻈَﺮ إَﻟﻰ اْﺑِﻦ َﻋْﺜَﻌَﺚ اﻟَﺨْﺜَﻌِﻤﱢﻲ ﻓَﺄََﺧَﺬ ِﺑَﺮﻗََﺒِﺘِﻪ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﺟﺎ َء ِﺑِﻪ إَﻟﻰ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ‬.‫َوَﻟﱠﻤﺎ َرِﺟ َﻊ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ِﻣْﻦ َﺗُﺒﻮٍك إَﻟﻰ اﻟَﻤِﺪﯾَﻨِﺔ َوَرَد َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َﻋْﻤُﺮو ْﺑُﻦ َﻣْﻌِﺪَﯾْﻜُﺮَب اﻟﱡﺰَﺑْﯿِﺪﱡي ﻓََﻮَﻋَﻈُﻪ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ﻓَﺄَْﺳَﻠَﻢ ُﻫَﻮ َوﻗَْﻮُﻣُﻪ‬
‫ ﻓَﺎْرَﺗﱠﺪ َﻋْﻤٌﺮو ﻓَﺄَْﻧَﻔَﺬ َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ أِﻣﯿَﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم إﻟَﻰ َﺑِﻨﻲ ُزَﺑْﯿٍﺪ ﻓَﻠَﱠﻤﺎ َرأَْوُه ﻗَﺎﻟﻮا‬.‫ أَْﻫَﺪَر اﻹْﺳﻼُم َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎَن ﻓِﻲ اﻟَﺠﺎ ِﻫﻠِﱠﯿِﺔ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ‬.‫ َﻫَﺬا ﻗََﺘَﻞ َواﻟِِﺪي‬:‫َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ َوﻗﺎَل‬
‫ َﻣْﻦ ُﯾَﺒﺎِرُز؟ ﻓََﺨَﺮَج َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوَﺻﺎَح ِﺑِﻪ ﻓَﺎْﻧَﻬَﺰَم ﻓََﻘَﺘَﻞ أَﺧﺎُه َواْﺑَﻦ أَِﺧﯿِﻪ َوأََﺧَﺬ اْﻣَﺮأََﺗُﻪ َوَﺳَﺒﻰ‬:‫ َوَﺧَﺮَج َﻋْﻤٌﺮو َوﻗﺎَل‬.‫ َﺳَﯿْﻌَﻠُﻢ أّﻧﻲ إْن َﻟِﻘﯿَﻨﻲ‬:‫ َﻛْﯿَﻒ أَْﻧَﺖ َﯾﺎ أََﺑﺎ َﺛْﻮٍر إَذا َﻟِﻘَﯿَﻚ َﻫَﺬا اﻟُﻐﻼُم اﻟُﻘَﺮِﺷﱡﻲ ﻓَﺄََﺧَﺬ ِﻣْﻨَﻚ اﻹَﺗﺎَوَة؟ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬:‫ِﻟَﻌْﻤٍﺮو‬
‫ ﻓََﺮِﺟ َﻊ َﻋْﻤُﺮو ْﺑُﻦ َﻣْﻌﺪَﯾْﻜُﺮَب إﻟَﻰ َﺧﺎﻟٍِﺪ َوأَْﺳﻠََﻢ َوَﻛﻠﱠَﻤُﻪ ﻓِﻲ إْﻣَﺮأَِﺗِﻪ َوأَْوﻻِدِه‬.‫ﺾ َﺻَﺪﻗَﺎِﺗِﻬْﻢ َوُﯾْﺆِﻣَﻦ َﻣْﻦ َﯾُﻌﻮُد إﻟَْﯿِﻪ ُﻣْﺴﻠِﻤًﺎ‬ َ ‫ َواْﻧَﺼَﺮَف أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوَﺧﻠﱠَﻒ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﺑِﻨﻲ ُزَﺑْﯿٍﺪ َﺧﺎﻟَِﺪ ْﺑَﻦ َﺳِﻌﯿٍﺪ ﻟَِﯿْﻘِﺒ‬.ٌ‫ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ ِﻧْﺴﻮاٌن َﻛﺜﯿَﺮة‬
‫ ﻓََﻠﱠﻤﺎ َوَﺻَﻞ إَﻟﻰ َﺑﺎِب اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ‬.‫ أَْﻋِﻠْﻤُﻪ ِﺑﺎﻹْﺻِﻄَﻔﺎ ِء‬:‫ﺶ َوﻗﺎَل‬ ِ ‫ ﻓََﺒَﻌَﺚ َﺧﺎِﻟُﺪ ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻮﻟﯿِﺪ ُﺑَﺮْﯾَﺪَة اﻷْﺳَﻠِﻤﱠﻲ إَﻟﻰ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ﻗَْﺒَﻞ اﻟَﺠْﯿ‬.‫ َوَﻛﺎَن أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻗَِﺪ إْﺻَﻄَﻔﻰ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟﱠﺴْﺒِﻲ َﺟﺎِرَﯾًﺔ‬.‫ﻓََﻮ َﻫَﺒُﻬْﻢ َﻟُﻪ‬
.‫ ﻓَﺈﱠن اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱠﻲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ َﺳَﯿْﻐَﻀُﺐ ﻹْﺑَﻨِﺘِﻪ‬،‫ﺾ ﻟَِﻤﺎ ِﺟْﺌَﺖ ﻟَُﻪ‬ ِ ‫ إْﻣ‬:‫َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ ﻟَِﻘَﯿُﻪ ُﻋَﻤُﺮ ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﺨﱠﻄﺎِب ﻓََﺤَﻜﻰ ﻟَُﻪ ﻓَﻘﺎَل ﻟَُﻪ‬

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read Khalid’s letter hoping that he will be angry with `Ali’s act. But contrary to his expectation, the Holy Prophet was angry with Khalid’s letter. Although Buraydah
noticed how angry the Holy Prophet was in order to realize his objective, he corrected Khalid’s writing, saying: O Messenger of Allah, if you give permission to
people to choose whomever they want and whatever property they wish, before the division of booties, there will be a chaos in the division of booties and no one
can attain his right. Being angry with Khalid’s letter and Buraydah’s saying, the Messenger of Allah said: O Buraydah, woe to you! Has the dark veil of hypocrisy
covered your eyes that you are saying this about `Ali? Whatever is permissible for me in booties is also permissible for `Ali. That is, in the same way that it is
permissible for me to devote a female slave or other property to myself before division of booties, so is it for `Ali. Then, he added `Ali ibn Abi-Talib is the best of
people whom I will appoint as successor among my Ummah. Admonishing Buraydah with a short sentence, the Holy Prophet said: Beware not to be hostile to `Ali,
for you will be hostile to God and God will be hostile to you. Being informed of `Ali’s supreme position, Buraydah regretted what he had said, repented and asked
for forgiveness.[201]

In the battle of Salsalah, a Bedouin came to the Messenger of Allah saying: A group of Arabs in Wadi al-Raml are intent to invade Medina at night. Addressing his
companions, the Messenger of Allah said: Are there enough people to defend? A group of the people of Suffah rose up, saying: O Messenger of Allah, we are
prepared to fight them. Assign a commander for us. Another group said the same. The Messenger of Allah decided to draw lots which fell upon eighty persons. The
Messenger of Allah assigned Abu-Bakr as their commander, telling them to move towards the tribe of Banu-Salim (the invaders) in the heart of Wadi al-Raml. It was
not long before Abu-Bakr returned to Medina, defeated and with casualties. Then, he assigned `Umar as their commander, gave the banner of Islam to him and sent
them to Wadi al-Raml. This time too, `Umar returned to Medina while being defeated. These successive defeats saddened the Holy Prophet. `Amr ibn al-`As
expressing his readiness said: O Messenger of Allah, give this mission to me. The Holy Prophet accepted his request assigning him as the commander of the army
but it was not long before that he returned to Medina, defeated while

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‫ َوْﯾَﺤَﻚ َﯾﺎ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻟُﻪ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒّﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬.‫س ِﻓﻲ ِﻣْﺜِﻞ َﻫَﺬا َذ َﻫَﺐ ِﻓﯿِﻬْﻢ‬
ِ ‫ َﯾﺎ َرﺳﻮَل اِﷲ إْن َرﱠﺧْﺼَﺖ ِﻟﻠﱠﻨﺎ‬:‫ َوﻗﺎَل ُﺑَﺮْﯾَﺪُة‬.‫ﻓََﺪَﺧَﻞ ُﺑَﺮْﯾَﺪُة إَﻟﻰ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ِﺑِﻜﺘﺎِب َﺧﺎِﻟِﺪ ْﺑِﻦ اﻟَﻮِﻟﯿِﺪ ﻓََﺠَﻌَﻞ ُﺑَﺮْﯾَﺪُة َﯾْﻘَﺮأُُه َوَوْﺟُﻪ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﯾَﺘَﻐﱠﯿُﺮ‬

webtopdfconverter.com
 .‫ ﻓَﺎْﺳَﺘْﻐَﻔَﺮ ُﺑَﺮْﯾَﺪُة‬.‫ﺾ َﻋﻠِﱠﯿًﺎ ﻓَُﯿْﺒِﻐُﻀَﻚ اُﷲ‬
َ ‫ َﯾﺎ ُﺑَﺮْﯾَﺪُة إْﺣَﺬْر أَْن ُﺗْﺒِﻐ‬.‫س ﻟََﻚ َوﻟَِﻘْﻮِﻣَﻚ َوَﺧْﯿُﺮ َﻣْﻦ أَُﺧﻠﱢُﻔُﻪ َﺑْﻌﺪي ﻟَِﻜﺎﻓﱠِﺔ أُﱠﻣِﺘﻲ‬
ِ ‫ إﱠن َﻋﻠِﱠﻲ ْﺑَﻦ أَِﺑﻲ ﻃﺎﻟٍِﺐ َﺧْﯿُﺮ اﻟﱠﻨﺎ‬.‫ إﱠن َﻋﻠِﱠﻲ ْﺑَﻦ أَِﺑﻲ ﻃﺎﻟٍِﺐ َﯾِﺤﱡﻞ ﻟَُﻪ ِﻣَﻦ اْﻟَﻔْﻲ ِء َﻣﺎ َﯾِﺤﱡﻞ ﻟِﻲ‬.‫ أَْﺣَﺪْﺛَﺖ ِﻧَﻔﺎﻗًﺎ‬،‫ُﺑَﺮْﯾَﺪُة‬

:‫َوﻓﻲ َﻏﺰاِة اﻟﱠﺴْﻠَﺴَﻠِﺔ‬

‫ ﻓََﻮﱢل‬،‫ َﻧْﺤُﻦ‬:‫ﺼﱠﻔِﺔ َوﻗَﺎﻟﻮا‬ ‫ َﻣْﻦ ﻟَِﻬﺆﻻ ِء؟ ﻓََﻘﺎَم َﺟﻤﺎَﻋٌﺔ ِﻣْﻦ أ ْﻫِﻞ اﻟ ﱡ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻷْﺻﺤﺎِﺑِﻪ‬.‫ إﱠن َﺟﻤﺎَﻋًﺔ ِﻣَﻦ اْﻟَﻌَﺮِب ﻗَِﺪ إْﺟَﺘَﻤﻌﻮا ِﺑﻮاِدي اﻟﱠﺮْﻣِﻞ َﻋﻠَﻰ أْن ُﯾَﺒﱢﯿُﺘﻮَك ِﺑﺎﻟَﻤِﺪﯾَﻨِﺔ‬:‫َﺟﺎ َء أَْﻋﺮاِﺑﱞﻲ إﻟَﻰ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ َوﻗﺎَل‬
‫ ﻓََﻌَﻘَﺪ‬.‫ ﻓَﺄََﻣَﺮ أََﺑﺎ َﺑْﻜٍﺮ أْن َﯾْﺄُﺧَﺬ اﻟﱢﻠﻮا َء َوَﯾْﻤِﻀﻲ إَﻟﻰ َﺑِﻨﻲ ُﺳَﻠْﯿٍﻢ َو ُﻫْﻢ ِﺑَﺒْﻄِﻦ اﻟَﻮاِدي ﻓََﻬَﺰُﻣﻮُه َوﻗََﺘﻠﻮا َﺟْﻤﻌًﺎ َﻛِﺜﯿﺮًا ِﻣَﻦ اﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﯿَﻦ َواْﻧَﻬَﺰَم أَُﺑﻮ َﺑْﻜٍﺮ‬.‫ ﻓَﺄَْﻗَﺮَع َﺑْﯿَﻨُﻬْﻢ ﻓََﺨَﺮَﺟِﺖ اﻟُﻘْﺮَﻋُﺔ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﺛﻤﺎِﻧﯿَﻦ َرُﺟًﻼ ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ َوِﻣْﻦ َﻏْﯿِﺮ ِﻫْﻢ‬.‫َﻋَﻠْﯿﻨﺎ َﻣْﻦ ِﺷْﺌَﺖ‬
‫ ﻓَﺄَْﻧَﻔَﺬُه َﻓـَﻬَﺰُﻣﻮُه َوﻗََﺘﻠﻮا َﺟﻤﺎَﻋًﺔ ِﻣْﻦ أَْﺻﺤﺎِﺑِﻪ َوَﺑِﻘَﻲ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ‬.‫ إْﺑَﻌْﺜِﻨﻲ َﯾـﺎ َرﺳﻮَل اِﷲ‬:‫ص‬ ِ ‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻋْﻤُﺮو ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻌﺎ‬.‫ ﻓََﺴـﺎ َء َرُﺳﻮَل اِﷲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ َذﻟَِﻚ‬،‫ﻟُِﻌَﻤَﺮ َوَﺑَﻌَﺜُﻪ ﻓََﻬَﺰُﻣﻮُه‬

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two persons were killed and a number of them were injured. Following the defeat of these people, being depressed and cursing the enemies, the Messenger of
Allah called for `Ali, entrusted the commandership of the army to him, saw him off to the mosque of Ahzab, and prayed for his victory. As ordered by the Holy
Prophet, Abu-Bakr, `Umar and `Amr ibn al-`As accompanied `Ali. Enjoying a special vision and knowing the military tactic, `Ali and the army moved forward at the
nights and hid themselves at the days till they reached the headquarters of the invaders. Blocking the entrance and exit of the headquarters, they encircled the enemy.
Given the plan and the speedy victory of Muslim, `Amr ibn al-`As spoke to Abu-Bakr and `Umar to dissuade `Ali from his skillful military act to deprive him of
victory. This suggestion was accepted by Abu-Bakr. So he came to `Ali saying: This is the land of ferocious animals and it is harder for us to act than in the enemy’s
headquarter. Therefore, we would better to transfer this camp further up to be safe from the enemy and ferocious animals. `Ali listened but gave no answer. Abu-Bakr
went to `Umar and `Amr ibn al-`As informed them of the case. `Amr advised `Umar with the same words saying: You speak to `Ali; perhaps he will accept what you
say. `Umar conveyed the same to `Ali but `Ali gave no answer and kept silent. Putting the army on alert, `Ali launched his heroic attack on the enemy at dawn, made
them flee within a short space of time and achieved the victory. Concurrent with the victory of the army of Islam under the leadership of `Ali, Gabriel appeared to the
Messenger of Allah, reciting to the Holy Prophet the Surah “I swear by the runners breathing pantingly” (100) as a sign of victory. Being informed of this victory
through revelation, the Messenger of Allah rushed to welcome `Ali. Seeing the Holy Prophet, `Ali dismounted his horse and hugged him. The Holy Prophet who
was extremely happy said: If I was not afraid a group of my followers to say about you what the Christians said about Jesus, the son of Mary, I would say something
about you that anytime you pass by people they would take the dust under your feet as a blessing and rub it against their eyes. Now, mount your horse with the honor,
for God and His Messenger are pleased with you. As `Ali, the great man of history, had an active presence in the battlefields on the order of God and His
messenger, he went through trials by tolerating a lot of sufferings and calamities to be worthy of his position.

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ِ ‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ َدَﻋﺎ ِﺑﺄِﻣﯿِﺮ اْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوَﺑَﻌَﺜُﻪ إِﻟَْﯿِﻬْﻢ َوَدﻋﺎ ﻟَُﻪ َوَﺧَﺮَج َﻣَﻌُﻪ ُﻣَﺸﱢﯿﻌٍﺎ إﻟَﻰ َﻣْﺴِﺠِﺪ اَﻷْﺣﺰاِب َوأَْﻧَﻔَﺬ َﺟﻤﺎَﻋًﺔ َﻣَﻌُﻪ ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ أَُﺑﻮ َﺑْﻜٍﺮ َوُﻋَﻤُﺮ َوَﻋْﻤُﺮو ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻌﺎ‬.‫َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ أﱠﯾﺎﻣًﺎ َﯾْﺪﻋﻮ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻬْﻢ‬
.‫ص‬

‫ َوأَراَد إْﻓَﺴﺎَد اﻟَﺤﺎِل‬.‫ض ذاُت ِﺿﺒﺎٍع َوِذﺋﺎٍب َو ِﻫَﻲ أََﺷﱡﺪ َﻋَﻠْﯿﻨﺎ ِﻣْﻦ َﺑِﻨﻲ ُﺳَﻠْﯿٍﻢ َواﻟَﻤْﺼَﻠَﺤُﺔ أْن َﻧْﻌُﻠَﻮ اﻟَﻮاِدي‬ ٌ ‫ إﱠن َﻫِﺬِه أَْر‬:‫ص ِﻓﻲ اﻟَﻔْﺘِﺢ َﻟُﻪ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻷِﺑﻲ َﺑْﻜٍﺮ‬ ِ ‫ ﻓََﻠْﻢ َﯾُﺸﱠﻚ َﻋْﻤُﺮو ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻌﺎ‬.‫ﻓََﺴﺎَر اﻟﱠﻠْﯿَﻞ َوَﻛِﻤَﻦ اﻟﱠﻨﻬﺎَر َﺣﱠﺘﻰ إْﺳَﺘْﻘَﺒَﻞ ِﻣْﻦ ﻓَِﻤِﻪ‬
َ‫ﺾ أَْﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ َ
ِ ‫ إْﻣ‬:‫ص ﻟُﻌَﻤَﺮ ْﺑِﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎِب‬ِ ِ ‫ ﻓﻘﺎل ﻋْﻤُﺮو ْﺑﻦ اﻟَﻌﺎ‬.‫ َواﷲ َﻣﺎ أَﺟﺎَﺑﻨﻲ َﺣْﺮﻓﺎ واﺣﺪا‬:‫ ﻓَﺮِﺟ ﻊ إِﻟْﯿِﻬْﻢ َوﻗﺎل‬.‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل ﻟَُﻪ أَُﺑﻮ َﺑْﻜٍﺮ ﻓَﻠَْﻢ ُﯾِﺠْﺒﻪ أﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤﺆﻣﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻠْﯿﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﺑَﺤْﺮف َواﺣﺪ‬.‫َوأََﻣَﺮُه ِﺑﺄْن َﯾﻘﻮَل َذﻟَِﻚ ﻷِﻣﯿِﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬
ُ َ َ َ ً ِ ً ِ َ ِ َ َ َ َ ٍ ِ ٍ ِ َ َ َ ِ ِ ْ ِ ُ
.‫ﺲ َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟَﻘْﻮِم‬ َ ‫ ﻓَﻠَﱠﻤﺎ َﻃﻠَ َﻊ اﻟَﻔْﺠُﺮ َﻛَﺒ‬.‫ ﻓََﻔَﻌَﻞ ﻓَﻠَْﻢ ُﯾِﺠْﺐ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﺑَﺸْﻲ ٍء‬.‫إﻟَْﯿِﻪ ﻓََﺨﺎِﻃْﺒُﻪ‬

‫ ﻟَْﻮﻻ أْن أُْﺷِﻔَﻖ أَْن َﺗُﻘﻮَل ﻓِﯿَﻚ‬:‫ َوﻗﺎَل ﻟَُﻪ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ‬،‫ ﻓَﺎْﺳَﺘْﺒَﺸَﺮ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ َواْﺳَﺘْﻘَﺒَﻞ َﻋﻠِﱠﯿًﺎ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻓََﻨَﺰَل َﻋﻠِﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.﴾‫ ﴿َواْﻟَﻌﺎِدَﯾﺎِت َﺿْﺒﺤًﺎ‬:‫َوَﻧَﺰَل َﺟْﺒَﺮﺋﯿُﻞ َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ ِﺑﺎْﻟَﺤْﻠِﻒ ِﺑَﺨْﯿﻠِِﻪ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬
.‫ إْرَﻛْﺐ ﻓَﺈﱠن اَﷲ َوَرُﺳﻮَﻟُﻪ َﻋْﻨَﻚ َراِﺿَﯿﺎِن‬.‫َﻃﻮاِﺋُﻒ ِﻣْﻦ أُﱠﻣِﺘﻲ َﻣﺎ ﻗَﺎَﻟِﺖ اﻟﱠﻨَﺼﺎَرى ِﻓﻲ اْﻟَﻤِﺴﯿِﺢ َﻟُﻘْﻠُﺖ ِﻓﯿَﻚ اﻟَﯿْﻮَم َﻣﻘﺎًﻻ َﻻ َﺗُﻤﱡﺮ ِﺑَﻤٍﻸ ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ إﱠﻻ أََﺧﺬوا اﻟﱡﺘﺮاَب ِﻣْﻦ َﺗْﺤِﺖ ﻗََﺪَﻣْﯿَﻚ‬

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Following the departure of the Holy Prophet, Imam `Ali spent most of his lifetime in wars.[202]

In the battle of camel, Talhah and Zubayr breached their homage to Imam `Ali, the Commander of the Faithful.[203] Before people had pledged their allegiance to
`Ali, `A’ishah in Medina repeatedly provoked people to kill `Uthman. She is said to be the only person who was severely opposing `Uthman’s behavior. She used to
rally people to kill `Uthman. Her habitual phrase was: Kill Na`thal![204] May Allah kill him. These garments of the Messenger of Allah have not yet grown old;
nevertheless, `Uthman has rotten the Prophet’s tradition. Following successive warnings, she left Medina for Mecca as a sign of protest. However, after the killing
of `Uthman, she speedily decided to return to Medina to achieve her goal. On her way to Medina, she was told that following `Uthman’s killing, people pledged
allegiance with `Ali. So she changed her route and went back to Mecca speaking of the unfair killing of `Uthman and saying: I will revenge myself on `Ali for the
unfair killing of `Uthman![205]

Talhah and Zubayr left Medina and asked permission of Imam `Ali, the Commander of the Faithful, to go on Umrah. Knowing their true aim[206], Imam `Ali
addressed them in this way: By God, you are not going on Umrah; rather, you are going on conspiracy.[207] At any rate, Talhah and Zubayr headed for Mecca.
Having reached there, they met with `A’ishah and persuaded her to leave for Basrah for fighting against Imam `Ali. Imam `Ali prepared himself to travel after them
and he wrote a letter to `A’ishah and the other two, asking them to refrain from doing what God would not accept and to return to their allegiance to him. But they did
not accept the Imam’s advice. At this time, `Ali raised his hands towards the heaven and cursed them, saying: O Lord! This is Talhah ibn `Ubaydullah who put his hand
in my hand with his heart’s consent and pledged allegiance to me and then broke it. Take my revenge on him! O Lord! Zubayr ibn `Awwam broke his ties of
relationship with me, took back his allegiance with me, showed blatant hostility to me and waged war against me while he knows he has been unjust to me. O Lord!
Take his evil away from me as You consider proper.[208]

The two armies lined up and armed themselves. Wearing a shirt and cloak and having a black turban on his head, `Ali stood between the

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.‫َوأﱠﻣﺎ َﺑْﻌَﺪ َوﻓﺎِة اﻟﱠﺮُﺳﻮِل َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ ﻓَﺈﱠﻧُﻪ اْﺑُﺘﻠَِﻲ أَْﻛَﺜَﺮ ُﻋْﻤِﺮِه ِﺑﺎْﻟُﺤُﺮوِب أْﯾﻀًﺎ‬

‫ ﻓََﻠَﻘْﺪ أَْﺑَﻠﻰ ُﺳﱠﻨَﺔ َرُﺳﻮِل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َو َﻫِﺬِه‬،‫ ُأْﻗُﺘُﻠﻮا َﻧْﻌَﺜًﻼ! ﻗََﺘَﻞ اُﷲ َﻧْﻌَﺜًﻼ‬:‫س َﻋَﻠﻰ ﻗَْﺘِﻞ ُﻋْﺜﻤﺎَن َوَﺗُﻘﻮُل‬
َ ‫ض اﻟﱠﻨﺎ‬ ُ ‫ َوَﻛﺎَﻧْﺖ ﻋﺎِﺋَﺸُﺔ ِﺑﺎْﻟَﻤِﺪﯾَﻨِﺔ ُﺗَﺤﱢﺮ‬.‫ﻓَِﻔﻲ َوْﻗَﻌِﺔ اْﻟَﺠَﻤِﻞ َﻧَﻜَﺚ َﻃْﻠَﺤُﺔ َواﻟﱡﺰَﺑْﯿُﺮ َﺑْﯿَﻌَﺘُﻬﻤﺎ ﻷِﻣﯿِﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬
.‫ ﻷﻃﻠَﺒﱠﻦ ِﺑﺪﻣﻪ‬:‫ ﻓَﺮِﺟَﻌﺖ َوﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬.‫ﺾ اﻟﱠﻄِﺮﯾِﻖ ﻓََﺴِﻤَﻌْﺖ ِﺑَﻘْﺘﻠِِﻪ َوأﱠﻧُﻬْﻢ َﺑﺎَﯾُﻌﻮا َﻋﻠِﱠﯿًﺎ َﻋﻠْﯿﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬
ِ ِ َ ُ ْ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ِ َ ِ ‫ َوَﺧَﺮَﺟْﺖ إﻟَﻰ َﻣﱠﻜَﺔ َوُﻗِﺘَﻞ ُﻋْﺜﻤﺎُن َوَﻋﺎَدْت إﻟَﻰ َﺑْﻌ‬.‫ِﺛَﯿﺎُﺑُﻪ ﻟَْﻢ ُﺗَﺒﱠﻞ‬

.‫ ﻓََﻠﱠﻤﺎ َوَﺻﻼ َﻣﱠﻜَﺔ إَﻟﻰ َﻋﺎِﺋَﺸَﺔ أَْﺧَﺮَﺟﺎ َﻫﺎ إَﻟﻰ اﻟَﺒْﺼَﺮِة‬.‫ َواِﷲ َﻣﺎ ُﺗِﺮﯾﺪاِن اﻟُﻌْﻤَﺮَة َﺑِﻞ اﻟَﻐْﺪَرَة‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫َوَﺧَﺮَج َﻃْﻠَﺤُﺔ َواﻟﱡﺰَﺑْﯿُﺮ ِﻣَﻦ اْﻟَﻤِﺪﯾَﻨِﺔ ﻓَﺄَْﻇَﻬﺮا إَراَدَة اﻟُﻌْﻤَﺮِة َواْﺳَﺘْﺄَذﻧﺎ أِﻣﯿَﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬

‫ اﻟﻠﱠُﻬﱠﻢ إﱠن َﻃْﻠَﺤَﺔ ْﺑَﻦ ُﻋَﺒْﯿِﺪ اِﷲ أَْﻋﻄﺎِﻧﻲ َﺻْﻔَﻘًﺔ ِﺑَﯿﻤﯿِﻨِﻪ‬:‫ ﻓََﺮﻓَ َﻊ َﯾَﺪْﯾِﻪ إﻟَﻰ اﻟﱠﺴَﻤﺎ ِء َوﻗﺎَل‬.‫َوَﺗَﺮﱠﺣَﻞ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﺑَﻄﻠَِﺒِﻬْﻢ َوَﻛَﺘَﺐ إﻟَْﯿِﻬَﻤﺎ َوإﻟَﻰ َﻋﺎِﺋَﺸَﺔ ِﺑﺎﻟﱡﺮُﺟﻮِع َﻋﱠﻤﺎ َﯾْﻜَﺮ ُﻫُﻪ اُﷲ َﺗﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َواﻟﱡﺪُﺧﻮِل ﻓِﻲ َﻣﺎ َﻋﺎ َﻫَﺪاُه ِﺑِﻪ ﻓَﺎْﻣَﺘَﻨُﻌﻮا‬
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 .‫ اﻟﻠﱠُﻬﱠﻢ ﻓَﺎْﻛِﻔِﻨﯿِﻪ َﻛْﯿَﻒ ِﺷْﺌَﺖ َوأَﱠﻧﻰ ِﺷْﺌَﺖ‬.‫ وإﱠن اﻟﱡﺰَﺑْﯿَﺮ ْﺑَﻦ اﻟَﻌﱠﻮاِم ﻗََﻄ َﻊ ﻗَﺮاَﺑِﺘﻲ َوَﻧَﻜَﺚ َﻋْﻬﺪي َوَﻇﺎ َﻫَﺮ َﻋُﺪﱢوي َوَﻧَﺼَﺐ اْﻟَﺤْﺮَب ﻟِﻲ َو ُﻫَﻮ َﯾْﻌﻠَُﻢ أﱠﻧُﻪ ﻇﺎﻟٌِﻢ‬.‫ اﻟﻠﱠُﻬﱠﻢ ﻓََﻌﺎِﺟْﻠُﻪ َوﻻ ُﺗْﻤِﻬْﻠُﻪ‬.‫ﻃﺎِﺋﻌًﺎ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﻧَﻜَﺚ َﺑْﯿَﻌِﺘﻲ‬

‫ُﺛﱠﻢ َﺗَﺼــﺎﻓﱡﻮا َوَﺗَﻘـﺎَرُﺑﻮا ﻻِﺑِﺴﻲ اَﻷْﺳِﻠَﺤِﺔ َوأِﻣﯿـُﺮ اْﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﺑْﯿَﻦ اﻟﱠﺼَﻔْﯿِﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ‬

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two armies, calling Zubayr with a loud voice. Hearing his name, Zubayr came to `Ali who said: What is the reason for your presence in this riot? Why are you
drawing sword against me? Zubayr said: To avenge `Uthman’s blood! Imam `Ali said: You and your aides have killed `Uthman. Therefore take revenge on yourself.
By the motto “there is no god but Him”, do you remember the day the Holy Prophet (s.a) said to you: Do you love `Ali and you said: Yes, indeed why should I not
love him? He is my cousin. The Messenger of Allah said: It will not be long before you rebel against him while you are unjust and he is just. Zubayr said: I very well
remember that! Then Imam `Ali said: For the sake of God, do you remember the day the Messenger of Allah and you while your hand was in his hand were coming
from the house of `Abd al-Rahman ibn Auf, I rushed to welcome the Messenger of Allah and greeted him. He smiled at me and I smiled at him. You said: The son of
Abu-Talib does not stop taking pride in himself! The Messenger of Allah said: Zubayr! Calm down. `Ali does not take pride in himself. It will not be long when you
will rise against him while you are unjust and he is just.

Zubayr said: Yes, it was so. You reminded me of what I had forgotten! So it is not late to give up fighting you. I would not take part in this riot if I remembered it.
Saying this, Zubayr went to `A’ishah. His son `Abdullah said: What has happened? Zubayr said: `Ali reminded me of what the Messenger of Allah had said about him
and I had forgotten. So I do not consider fighting against him fair. `Abdullah said: This is not the whole story. You fear the sword of `Ali ibn Abi-Talib!

Getting angry with his son, Zubayr attacked the army. `Ali said: Give him a chance of maneuver, for he does not mean to fight rather he wishes to show his combat
capability to his son. Zubayr went out of `Ali’s army with a courageous move. Addressing his son, Zubayr said: Did you see what I did? Does a timid person display
such a pomp and power? I would not have done so if I had feared. He then went through the lines of his army and joined a group of Banu-Tamim tribe outside the city
of Basrah. This act of Zubayr was heavy for `Amr ibn Jurmuz Mujashi`i, a member of the tribe who was aware of Basrah riot. So he killed Zubayr in sleep though
Zubayr was his guest. Hence, Imam `Ali’s prayer about him was answered.[209]

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‫ اﻟﱠﻄَﻠُﺐ ِﺑَﺪِم‬:‫ َﯾﺎ أََﺑﺎ َﻋْﺒِﺪ اِﷲ َﻣﺎ َﺣَﻤَﻠَﻚ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻣﺎ َﺻَﻨْﻌَﺖ؟ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻟُﻪ‬.‫ أْﯾَﻦ اﻟﱡﺰَﺑْﯿُﺮ ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻌﱠﻮاِم ﻓَْﻠَﯿْﺨُﺮْج إَﻟﱠﻲ؟ ﻓََﺨَﺮَج إَﻟْﯿِﻪ َوَدَﻧﺎ ِﻣْﻨُﻪ‬:‫ ﻓََﻠﱠﻤﺎ َرأى أﱠﻧُﻪ َﻻ ُﺑﱠﺪ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟَﺤْﺮِب َﻧﺎَدى ِﺑﺄَْﻋَﻠﻰ َﺻْﻮِﺗِﻪ‬.‫ﺺ َوِردا ٌء َوَﻋَﻠﻰ َرْأِﺳِﻪ ِﻋﻤﺎَﻣٌﺔ َﺳْﻮدا ُء‬ ٌ ‫ﻗَﻤﯿ‬
ِ ِ ِ ُ ْ َ ِ ِ َُ ُ ِ ِ ِ َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ُ َ َ َ َ ً ُ ْ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ َ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ ِ ُْ
‫ َوﻣﺎ َﯾْﻤﻨُﻌﻨﻲ ﻣْﻦ ُﺣﱢﺒﻪ َو ُﻫَﻮ اْﺑُﻦ‬:‫ َﯾﺎ زَﺑْﯿُﺮ أﺗﺤﱡﺐ َﻋﻠﱠﯿﺎ؟ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‬:‫ َوﻟﻜْﻦ أﻧﺸُﺪك اﷲ اﻟﺬي ﻻ إﻟﻪ إﻻ ُﻫَﻮ أَﻣﺎ ﺗﺬﻛُﺮ َﯾْﻮﻣﺎ ﻗﺎل ﻟﻚ َرُﺳﻮل اﷲ َﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ َﻋﻠْﯿﻪ َوآﻟﻪ‬.‫ أﻧﺖ َوأْﺻَﺤﺎُﺑﻚ ﻗﺘﻠﺘُﻤﻮُه ﻓَﯿِﺠُﺐ َﻋﻠْﯿﻚ أْن ﺗﻘﯿﺪ ﻣْﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‬:‫ ﻓﻘﺎل‬.‫ُﻋْﺜﻤﺎن‬
َ ُ ً ِ َ َ ِ ْ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ ُ ْ َ َ َ َ َ َْ َ َ َ
‫ ﻓَُﺄْﻧِﺸُﺪَك اَﷲ أَﻣﺎ َﺗْﺬُﻛُﺮ َﯾْﻮﻣًﺎ َﺟﺎ َء َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ِﻣْﻦ ِﻋْﻨِﺪ َﻋْﺒِﺪ اﻟﱠﺮْﺣَﻤِﻦ ْﺑِﻦ َﻋْﻮٍف َوأَْﻧَﺖ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.‫ ﻓََﻘْﺪ َﻛﺎَن َذِﻟَﻚ‬.‫ اﻟﱠﻠُﻬﱠﻢ َﺑَﻠﻰ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل اﻟﱡﺰَﺑْﯿُﺮ‬.‫ أَﻣﺎ إﱠﻧَﻚ َﻟَﺘْﺨُﺮُج َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َﯾْﻮﻣًﺎ َوأَْﻧَﺖ َﻇﺎِﻟٌﻢ َﻟُﻪ‬:‫َﺧﺎِﻟﻲ؟ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻟَﻚ‬
‫ﺲ ِﺑِﻪ َز ْﻫٌﻮ َوﻟََﺘْﺨُﺮَﺟﱠﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َﯾْﻮﻣًﺎ َوأَْﻧَﺖ َﻇﺎﻟٌﻢ‬
ِ َ ‫ ﻓَﻠَْﯿ‬،‫ َﻣْﻬًﻼ َﯾﺎ ُزَﺑْﯿُﺮ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل ﻟََﻚ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ‬.‫ َﻻ َﯾَﺪُع اْﺑُﻦ أَِﺑﻲ َﻃﺎﻟٍِﺐ َز ْﻫَﻮُه أََﺑﺪًا‬:‫َﻣَﻌُﻪ َو ُﻫَﻮ آِﺧٌﺬ ِﺑَﯿِﺪَك ﻓَﺎْﺳَﺘْﻘَﺒْﻠُﺘُﻪ أَﻧﺎ ﻓََﺴﻠﱠْﻤُﺖ ﻓََﻀِﺤَﻚ ﻓِﻲ َوْﺟِﻬﻲ َوَﺿِﺤْﻜُﺖ أَﻧﺎ ﻟَُﻪ ﻓَُﻘْﻠَﺖ أَْﻧَﺖ‬
‫ أَْذَﻛَﺮِﻧﻲ َﺣِﺪﯾﺜًﺎ ِﻣْﻦ َرُﺳﻮِل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬:‫ َﻣﺎ َرﱠد ِﺑَﻚ؟ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻟُﻪ اْﺑُﻨُﻪ‬.‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ َرِﺟ َﻊ إَﻟﻰ َﻋﺎِﺋَﺸَﺔ‬.‫ َوَﻟْﻮ َذَﻛْﺮُت َﻫَﺬا َﻟَﻤﺎ َﺧَﺮْﺟُﺖ َﻋَﻠْﯿَﻚ‬،‫ َوأﱠﻣﺎ إْذ َذﱠﻛْﺮَﺗِﻨﻲ َذِﻟَﻚ ﻓََﻸْﻧَﺼِﺮﻓَﱠﻦ َﻋْﻨَﻚ‬،‫ اﻟﱠﻠُﻬﱠﻢ َﺑَﻠﻰ َوَﻟِﻜّﻨﻲ أُْﻧِﺴﯿُﺖ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل اﻟﱡﺰَﺑْﯿُﺮ‬.‫َﻟُﻪ‬
:‫ َوﻗﺎَل ﻟَِﻮﻟَِﺪِه‬،‫ ﻓََﺪَﺧَﻞ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﱠﺼﱢﻒ َوَﺧَﺮَج‬.‫ ﻓَﺈﱠﻧُﻪ ُﻣْﺤَﺮٌج‬،‫ أَْﻓِﺮُﺟﻮا ﻟَُﻪ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل أَِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬،‫ ﻓََﺮَﺟ َﻊ ُﻣْﻐِﻀﺒًﺎ إﻟَﻰ َﺻﱢﻒ َﻋﻠِﱟﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻟِْﻠِﻘَﺘﺎِل‬.‫ َﺑْﻞ َﺟُﺒْﻨَﺖ َوِﺧْﻔَﺖ ِﻣْﻦ ُﺳُﯿﻮِف اْﺑِﻦ أَِﺑﻲ َﻃﺎﻟٍِﺐ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل ﻟَُﻪ‬.‫َﺣﱢﻘِﻪ ُﻛْﻨُﺖ أُْﻧِﺴﯿُﺘُﻪ‬
‫ ﻓََﻨِﻔَﺬْت ِﻓﯿِﻪ َدْﻋَﻮُة أِﻣﯿﺮ‬.‫ َوَﻛﺎَن ِﻓﻲ ِﺿﯿﺎﻓَِﺘِﻪ‬،‫ ﻓََﻘﺎَم إﻟَْﯿِﻪ َﻋْﻤُﺮو ْﺑُﻦ ُﺟْﺮُﻣﻮٍز اْﻟُﻤَﺠﺎِﺷِﻌﱡﻲ ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ ﺣﯿَﻦ َﻧْﻮِﻣِﻪ‬،‫ﺼُﻔﻮَف َوَﺧَﺮَج ِﻣْﻦ َﺑْﯿِﻨِﻬْﻢ َوَﻧَﺰَل َﻋﻠَﻰ ﻗَْﻮٍم ِﻣْﻦ َﺑِﻨﻲ َﺗﻤﯿٍﻢ‬ ‫ ﻟَْﻮ ُﻛْﻨُﺖ َﺧﺎِﺋﻔًﺎ َﻣﺎ ﻓََﻌْﻠُﺖ َذِﻟَﻚ؟ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﺷﱠﻖ اﻟ ﱡ‬.‫َرأَْﯾَﺖ َﻣﺎ َﺻَﻨْﻌُﺖ‬
.‫اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬

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As for Talhah, the warmonger, when he was fighting, suddenly an arrow hit him in the leg and he died immediately. Then the fighting began with intensity.[210]

At this time a man by the name of `Abdullah who was one of the rioters of the battle of camel, parading between two armies said: Where is Abul Hasan? Standing in
front of him, `Ali attacked on him and cut off his shoulder with one blow of sword. `Abdullah died immediately. Then another man blocked the way to `Ali,
challenging him. With a slight attack and the blow `Ali struck on his face, half of the man’s head was cut off. He died too immediately. Thereafter, ibn Abi-Khalaf
Khuza`i was prepared for fighting, saying: O `Ali, do you like to fight me? `Ali said: I do not reject it but woe to you! What comfort do you seek in death though you
know who I am? He said: O son of Abu-Talib, put aside this pride of yours in battles and come closer to me to see who will kill who! `Ali directed his horse
towards him. `Abdullah tried to strike a blow but `Ali repelled it with his special skill and cut off his right hand with the first blow of sword and cut off his head with
the second blow. He too died immediately.

When the fighting intensified, `Ali ordered to hamstring the camel of `A’ishah and the camel fell down on the earth. In this bloody battle, started by `A’ishah, sixteen
thousand seven hundred and ninety persons of her thirty thousand strong army were killed and out of `Ali’s twenty thousand strong army, only one thousand and
seventy persons accompanying Imam `Ali were martyred.[211]

In this battle, a man by the name of Mikhraq ibn `Abd al-Rahman from Mu`awiyah’s army entered the battle, asking for a challenger. From `Ali’s army, a man by the
name of Mu’ammal ibn `Ubayd Muradi responded and stood before him. The man from Syria martyred him. Then, a youth from the tribe of Azd fought him and he was
martyred too. At this time `Ali stood before him as a disguised man and killed him. Another rider came to the battlefield but he was killed too. Fighting continued till
the seventh man from the army of Mu`awiyah was killed. Seeing the killed persons, the army of Syria left the battlefield but `Ali remained in the battlefield unknown.

To boost the morale of his army, Mu`awiyah ordered his slave whose

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.‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ إْﻟَﺘَﺤَﻢ اﻟِﻘَﺘﺎُل‬.‫َوأﱠﻣﺎ َﻃْﻠَﺤُﺔ ﻓََﺠﺎ َءُه َﺳْﻬٌﻢ َو ُﻫَﻮ ﻗَﺎِﺋٌﻢ ﻟِْﻠِﻘﺘﺎِل ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ‬

‫ض ِﻟَﻌِﻠﱟﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬ َ ‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﺧَﺮَج َرُﺟٌﻞ َوَﺗَﻌﱠﺮ‬.‫ أْﯾَﻦ أَُﺑﻮ اْﻟَﺤَﺴِﻦ؟ ﻓََﺨَﺮَج إَﻟْﯿِﻪ َﻋِﻠﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوَﺷﱠﺪ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوَﺿَﺮَﺑُﻪ ِﺑﺎﻟﱠﺴْﯿِﻒ ﻓَﺄَْﺳَﻘَﻂ َﻋﺎِﺗَﻘُﻪ َوَوﻗَ َﻊ ﻗَِﺘﯿًﻼ‬:‫ﺼُﻔﻮِف َوﻗﺎَل‬ ‫ﻓََﺘَﻘﱠﺪَم َرُﺟٌﻞ ُﯾﻘﺎُل َﻟُﻪ َﻋْﺒُﺪ اِﷲ ِﻣْﻦ أَْﺻَﺤﺎِب اْﻟَﺠَﻤِﻞ ﻓََﺠﺎَل َﺑْﯿَﻦ اﻟ ﱡ‬
‫ﱞ‬
‫ َﻣﺎ َراَﺣﺘﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺘِﻞ َوﻗْﺪ َﻋﻠْﻤﺖ َﻣْﻦ‬،‫ َﻣﺎ أﻛَﺮُه ذﻟﻚ َوﻟﻜْﻦ َوْﯾَﺤﻚ َﯾﺎ ْﺑﻦ أِﺑﻲ ﺧﻠﻒ‬:‫ ﻫﻞ ﻟﻚ َﯾﺎ َﻋﻠﱡﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟُﻤﺒﺎَرزة؟ ﻓﻘﺎل َﻋﻠﱞﻲ‬:‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ ﺧَﺮَج اْﺑُﻦ أِﺑﻲ ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﺨﺰاﻋﱡﻲ َوﻗﺎل‬.‫ﻓََﺨَﺮَج إﻟَْﯿِﻪ َوَﺿَﺮَﺑُﻪ َﻋﻠَﻰ َوْﺟِﻬِﻪ ﻓََﺴَﻘَﻂ ِﻧْﺼُﻒ ُﻗْﺤِﻒ َرأِْﺳِﻪ‬
َ ِ َ ْ َ ِ َ ُ ٍ َ َ َ َ َ ِ َ َ ِ َ ْ َ ِ َ َ ِ َ ِ ِ َ َ ْ َ َ ِ ُ ٍ َ َ َ َ
‫ ﻓََﺜﱠﻨﻰ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﻋَﻨﺎَن ﻓََﺮِﺳِﻪ إَﻟْﯿِﻪ ﻓََﺒَﺪَرُه اْﺑُﻦ أَِﺑﻲ َﺧَﻠٍﻒ ِﺑَﻀْﺮَﺑٍﺔ ﻓَﺄََﺧَﺬ ﻫﺎ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﻓﻲ اﻟُﺠْﺤَﻔِﺔ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﻋَﻄَﻒ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ ﻓََﻘَﻄ َﻊ‬.‫ َذْرِﻧﻲ َﯾﺎ ْﺑَﻦ أَِﺑﻲ َﻃﺎِﻟٍﺐ ِﻣْﻦ ِﻛَﺒِﺮَك َواْدُن ِﻣّﻨﻲ ِﻟَﺘَﺮى أﱠﯾَﻨﺎ َﯾْﻘُﺘُﻞ َﺻﺎِﺣَﺒُﻪ‬:‫أَﻧﺎ؟ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬
‫ َوِﻣْﻦ أْﺻَﺤﺎِب أِﻣﯿِﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم أﻟَﻔًﺎ‬.‫ َوَﻛﺎَن ِﻋﱠﺪُة َﻣْﻦ ُﻗِﺘَﻞ ِﻣْﻦ ُﺟْﻨِﺪ اﻟَﺠَﻤِﻞ ِﺳﱠﺘَﺔ َﻋَﺸَﺮ أﻟﻔًﺎ َوِﺳﱠﺘِﻤﺎَﺋٍﺔ َوِﺗْﺴِﻌﯿَﻦ َوﻛﺎُﻧﻮا َﺛﻼﺛﯿَﻦ أْﻟﻔًﺎ‬.‫ َواْﺳَﺘَﻌَﺮِت اﻟَﺤْﺮُب َﺣﱠﺘﻰ ُﻋِﻘَﺮ اﻟَﺠَﻤُﻞ َوَﺳَﻘَﻂ‬.‫َﯾِﻤﯿَﻨُﻪ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﺛﱠﻨﻰ ﻓَﺄَﻃﺎَر ُﻗْﺤَﻒ َرأِْﺳِﻪ‬
.‫َوَﺳْﺒﻌﯿَﻦ َرُﺟًﻼ َوَﻛﺎﻧﻮا ِﻋْﺸﺮﯾَﻦ أْﻟﻔًﺎ‬

‫ ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ اﻟﱠﺸﺎِﻣﱡﻲ ﻓََﺘَﻨﱠﻜَﺮ أِﻣﯿُﺮ‬،‫ ﻓََﺨَﺮَج ﻓًَﺘﻰ ِﻣَﻦ اﻷْزِد‬.‫ ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ اﻟﱠﺸﺎِﻣﱡﻲ‬،‫ ﻓََﺨَﺮج إﻟَْﯿِﻪ ِﻣْﻦ َﻋْﺴَﻜِﺮ َﻋﻠِﱟﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم اﻟُﻤﺆﱠﻣُﻞ ْﺑُﻦ ُﻋَﺒْﯿِﺪ اِﷲ اﻟُﻤﺮاِدﱡي‬،‫َوﻓِﻲ َوْﻗَﻌِﺔ ِﺻﱢﻔﯿَﻦ َﺧَﺮَج ِﻣْﻦ َﻋْﺴَﻜِﺮ ُﻣﻌﺎِوَﯾَﺔ اﻟِﻤْﺨَﺮاُق ْﺑُﻦ َﻋْﺒِﺪ اﻟﱠﺮْﺣَﻤِﻦ َوَﻃﻠََﺐ اﻟِﺒﺮاَز‬

webtopdfconverter.com
 ‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫ ﻓَﺄَْﺣَﺠَﻢ َﻋْﻨُﻪ اﻟﱠﻨﺎُس َوﻟَْﻢ َﯾْﻌِﺮﻓﻮُه‬،‫س ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ َو َﻫَﻜﺬا َﺣﱠﺘﻰ ﻗََﺘَﻞ َﺳْﺒَﻌًﺔ‬
ٌ ‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﺧَﺮَج ﻓﺎِر‬.‫ َواﻟﱠﺸﺎِﻣﱡﻲ َﯾْﻄُﻠُﺐ اﻟِﺒﺮاَز ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ‬،‫اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوَﺧَﺮَج‬

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name was Harb and unrivaled in bravery, to prepare himself for fighting against the lone rider of the battlefield and to kill him! The slave who had seen the killing of
several men said to Mu`awiyah: Beyond doubt, he will kill me but you can opt for sending me to the battlefield to be killed or keeping me for harder days. Mu`awiyah
accepted the slave’s suggestion and said: Stop for the moment. `Ali remained in the battlefield, waiting for a challenger. Finding that he had no challenger, `Ali
returned to his army camp.[212]

Sometime later, another brave man of the army of Syria by the name of Kurayb ibn Sabbah entered the battlefield and asked for challenger. Mubarqa` Jawlani, one of
`Ali’s aides went to fight him but he was martyred in this hand to hand fighting. Another struggler faced him but he was martyred too. This time, `Ali entered the
battlefield for a hand to hand fighting saying: Spare your life and fear God. Kurayb said: Who are you? The answer was: I am `Ali ibn Abi-Talib. Kurayb said: come
closer. `Ali stood opposite him. Blows of sword were exchanged between them but it was not long before `Ali sent him to hell with a speedy blow of his sword.
Another man from the army of Mu`awiyah replaced Kurayb but after a few moments, he was killed too. The third and fourth men came to the battlefield but they were
killed by `Ali one after the other.

At this time, Amir al-Mu’minin sent a message to Mu`awiyah saying: Let us fight each other and put an end to the battle so no more Arabs are killed from the two
sides. Mu`awiyah said: Forget about this request, for I will never fight you. At this time, `Urwah ibn Dawud, one the army leaders of Syria, who had a desire to fight
`Ali entered the battlefield and proudly said: O `Ali! If Mu`awiyah is not willing to fight you I am prepared to fight you. He had hardly finished saying these words
when `Ali struck a blow on him with his sword and killed him. With the coming of evening, the army of Syria left the battlefield.[213]

Being disguised, `Ali came to the battlefield the following day and asked for a challenger. To obtain an honor in the army of Syria, the tricky `Amr ibn al-`As
accepted the challenge, for he did not know who the challenger was. Knowing him well and in order to keep him away from the army, `Ali speedily moved away
from before him. `Amr chased him but soon found out that it was `Ali. So he decided

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.‫ َﻻ َﺗْﺨُﺮْج‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻟُﻪ‬.‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل أَﻧﺎ أَْﻋَﻠُﻢ أﱠﻧُﻪ َﺳَﯿْﻘُﺘُﻠِﻨﻲ ﻓَﺈْن ِﺷْﺌَﺖ َﺧَﺮْﺟُﺖ إَﻟْﯿِﻪ َوإْن ِﺷْﺌَﺖ ﻓَﺎْﺳَﺘْﺒِﻘِﻨﻲ ِﻟَﻐْﯿِﺮِه‬.‫س ﻓَﺎْﻛِﻔِﻨﻲ أْﻣَﺮُه‬
ِ ‫ ُأْﺧُﺮْج إَﻟﻰ َﻫَﺬا اﻟَﻔﺎِر‬:‫ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾُﺔ ِﻟَﻌْﺒٍﺪ َﻟُﻪ ُﯾﻘﺎُل َﻟُﻪ َﺣْﺮﺑًﺎ َوَﻛﺎَن ُﺷﺠﺎﻋًﺎ‬

.‫ َوَﺧَﺮَج إﻟَْﯿِﻪ آَﺧُﺮ ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ أْﯾﻀًﺎ‬.‫ُﺛﱠﻢ َرَﺟ َﻊ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﺣْﯿُﺚ ﻟَْﻢ َﯾْﺨُﺮْج إﻟَْﯿِﻪ أََﺣٌﺪ إﻟَﻰ َﻋْﺴَﻜِﺮِه ﻓََﺨَﺮَج َرُﺟٌﻞ ِﻣْﻦ أْﺑﻄﺎِل اﻟﱠﺸﺎِم اْﺳُﻤُﻪ ُﻛَﺮْﯾُﺐ ْﺑُﻦ اﻟﱠﺼﱠﺒﺎِح َﯾْﻄُﻠُﺐ اﻟِﺒﺮاَز ﻓََﺨَﺮَج إﻟَْﯿِﻪ اﻟُﻤَﺒْﺮﻗَ ُﻊ اﻟَﺠْﻮﻻِﻧﱡﻲ ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ اﻟﱠﺸﺎِﻣﱡﻲ‬
‫ ﻓََﺨَﺮَج إَﻟْﯿِﻪ آَﺧُﺮ ﻓََﻘَﺘَﻠُﻪ َﺣﱠﺘﻰ ﻗََﺘَﻞ أْرَﺑَﻌًﺔ‬.‫ ﻓََﻤَﺸﻰ إَﻟْﯿِﻪ ﻓَﺎْﺧَﺘَﻠﻔﺎ ِﺑَﻀْﺮَﺑَﺘْﯿِﻦ ﻓََﺒَﺪَرُه َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻓََﻘَﺘَﻠُﻪ‬.‫ اْدُن ِﻣّﻨﻲ‬:‫ ﻗَﺎَل‬.‫ أَﻧﺎ َﻋِﻠﱡﻲ ْﺑُﻦ أَِﺑﻲ ﻃﺎِﻟٍﺐ‬:‫ َﻣْﻦ أَْﻧَﺖ؟ ﻗَﺎَل‬:‫ ﻗَﺎَل‬.‫ إﱠﺗِﻖ اَﷲ َواْﺣَﻔْﻆ َﻧْﻔَﺴَﻚ‬:‫ﻓََﺨَﺮَج إَﻟْﯿِﻪ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوﻗﺎَل َﻟُﻪ‬
.‫ِﻣَﻦ اﻷْﺑﻄﺎِل‬

.‫ َﻻ َﺣﺎَﺟَﺔ ِﻟﻲ ِﻓﻲ َذِﻟَﻚ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾُﺔ‬.‫ َﯾﺎ ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾُﺔ َﻫُﻠﱠﻢ إَﻟﻰ ُﻣﺒﺎَرَزِﺗﻲ َوﻻ َﺗْﻘُﺘِﻞ اﻟَﻌَﺮَب َﺑْﯿَﻨﻨﺎ‬:‫ُﺛﱠﻢ ﻗَﺎَل‬

.‫ ﻓََﻀَﺮَﺑُﻪ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻓََﻮﻗَ َﻊ ﻗَﺘﯿًﻼ‬.‫ َﯾﺎ َﻋِﻠﱡﻲ إْن َﻛﺎَن ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾُﺔ ﻗَْﺪ َﻛِﺮَه ُﻣﺒﺎَرَزَﺗَﻚ ﻓََﻬُﻠﱠﻢ إﻟَﻰ ُﻣﺒﺎَرَزِﺗﻲ‬:‫ﻓََﺨَﺮَج ُﻋْﺮَوُة ْﺑُﻦ َداُوَد ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬

‫ َوَﻋَﺮَﻓُﻪ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻓﺎﱠﻃَﺮَد َﺑْﯿَﻦ َﯾَﺪْﯾِﻪ ِﻟُﯿْﺒِﻌَﺪُه َﻋْﻦ َﻋْﺴَﻜِﺮِه َﻓَﺘِﺒَﻌُﻪ َﻋْﻤٌﺮو ُﺛﱠﻢ َﻋِﺮَﻓُﻪ‬.‫ص َو ُﻫَﻮ َﻻ َﯾْﻌَﻠُﻢ أﱠﻧُﻪ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ‬ِ ‫ُﺛﱠﻢ َﺟﺎ َء اﻟﱠﻠْﯿُﻞ َوَﺧَﺮَج أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﯾْﻮﻣًﺎ آَﺧَﺮ ُﻣَﺘَﻨﱢﻜﺮًا َوَﻃَﻠَﺐ اﻟِﺒﺮاَز َﻓَﺨَﺮَج إَﻟْﯿِﻪ َﻋْﻤُﺮو ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻌﺎ‬
‫ﻓََﻮﻟّﻰ َراِﻛﻀًﺎ ﻓَﻠَِﺤَﻘُﻪ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻓََﻄَﻌَﻨُﻪ ﻓََﻮﻗَ َﻊ اﻟﱡﺮْﻣُﺢ ِﻓﻲ ُﻓُﻀﻮِل ِدْرِﻋِﻪ ﻓََﺴَﻘَﻂ َوَﺧِﺸَﻲ أْن َﯾْﻘُﺘﻠَُﻪ ﻓََﺮﻓَ َﻊ ِرْﺟﻠَْﯿِﻪ ﻓََﺒَﺪْت َﺳْﻮ َءُﺗُﻪ ﻓََﺼَﺮَف‬

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to flee the scene but this time `Ali chased him, throwing a spear at him which hit his cuirass. `Amr fell off his horse and seeing himself in the claws of death, unveiled
his private parts. So `Ali turned his face away from him. Taking the opportunity, `Amr rose up immediately and took to his heels. `Ali too returned to his army camp.
`Amr who had escaped death, rejoicingly went back to Mu`awiyah finding him laughing. `Amr said: By God, if what happened to me had happened to you, you would
have been struck with `Ali’s sword, your children would have been made orphans and your property would have been looted! Mu`awiyah said: What you are saying
is right but your shameless act will remain in history forever.[214]

Busr ibn Arta’ah was one of the most evil men in the army of Mu`awiyah and he had a rancor against `Ali. He was impudent in committing sin and in disobeying God.
Hearing that `Ali had challenged Mu`awiyah, Busr said: I will fight him. Coming to the battlefield, he stood opposite `Ali who attacked him immediately making Busr
fall from his horse. Seeing himself in the claws of death, like `Amr ibn al-`As, Busr too raised his legs, unveiling his private parts. `Ali turned his face away from him.
Taking the opportunity, Busr fled from the battlefield. Mu`awiyah who was closely watching this scene burst into laughter. Amid this, a brave youth of Kufah cried
loudly: Shame on you O shameless people who instead of fighting in the battlefield unveil your private parts like what `Amr ibn As did.[215]

In Laylat al-Harir when the army men of Mu`awiyah were howling like dogs from the intensity of war, `Ali was present in the battlefield and every time he killed an
army man of Mu`awiyah, he would loudly say: Allah is the Greatest. At that night the number of Takbir amounted to five hundred and twenty three. At that night six
thousand men were killed till dawn.[216]

Following that historic night, `Ali’s companions saw victory of their army before their eyes. To conclude the affairs, Malik Ashtar together with `Ali’s army launched
a lightning attack, chasing Mu`awiyah’s army and pushed them back to their army camp. Seeing this scene, `Amr ibn `As was sure that the war would end in favor of
`Ali. For this reason, he went to Mu`awiyah to think of a solution,

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.‫ ِﻣﱠﻢ َﺗْﻀَﺤُﻚ؟ َواِﷲ ﻟَْﻮ َﺑﺪا ِﻟَﻌِﻠﱟﻲ ِﻣْﻦ َﺻْﻔَﺤِﺘَﻚ َﻣﺎ َﺑﺪا ﻟَُﻪ ِﻣْﻦ َﺻْﻔَﺤِﺘﻲ إذًا َﻷْوَﺟ َﻊ ِﻗﺬاﻟََﻚ َوأَْﯾَﺘَﻢ ِﻋﯿﺎﻟََﻚ َواْﻧَﺘَﻬَﺐ َﻣﺎﻟََﻚ‬:‫ ﻗَﺎَل‬.‫ َوﺟﺎ َء َﻋْﻤٌﺮو إﻟَﻰ ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾَﺔ ﻓََﻀِﺤَﻚ ِﻣْﻨُﻪ‬.‫أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻋْﻨُﻪ َوْﺟَﻬُﻪ َواْﻧَﺼَﺮَف إﻟَﻰ َﻋْﺴَﻜِﺮِه‬
.‫ َﻟِﻜْﻦ َﺣَﺼَﻠْﺖ َﻟَﻚ َﻓﻀﯿَﺤُﺔ اَﻷَﺑِﺪ‬:‫َﻓﻘﺎَل ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾُﺔ‬

‫ ﻓََﺨَﺮَج ﻓََﺤَﻤَﻞ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ ﻓََﺴَﻘَﻂ ُﺑْﺴٌﺮ َﻋْﻦ ﻓََﺮِﺳِﻪ‬.‫ أَﻧﺎ أَْﺧُﺮُج إﻟَْﯿِﻪ‬:‫ ﻟَﱠﻤﺎ َﺳِﻤ َﻊ َﻃﻠََﺐ َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ُﻣﺒﺎَرَزَة ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾَﺔ ﻗَﺎَل‬،‫س َوأَْﻗَﺪِﻣِﻬْﻢ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻣﻌﺎِﺻﻲ اِﷲ‬ ِ ‫َوَﻛﺎَن ُﺑْﺴُﺮ ْﺑُﻦ أْرَﻃﺄََة ِﻣْﻦ أْﺻَﺤﺎِب ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾﺔ ِﻣْﻦ َﺷﱢﺮ اﻟﱠﻨﺎ‬
.‫ص َﻛْﺸَﻒ اَﻷْﺳﺘﺎِه اﻟُﺤُﺮوَب‬ ِ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ا‬ ُ
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ا‬
ْ ُ‫ﻢ‬ ُ
‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
َ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻠ‬ َ
‫ﻋ‬ ْ
‫ﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻘ‬ َ
‫ﻟ‬ ‫؟‬ َ
‫ن‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺤ‬ َ
‫ﺘ‬
ُ ْ‫ﺴ‬ َ
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ‫أ‬ !‫م‬ِ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ا‬ َ
‫ﻞ‬ ْ
‫ﻫ‬ َ
‫أ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬
َ ‫ﻢ‬ ُ
‫ﻜ‬
ْ ْ َ
‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬‫و‬َ :‫ﺔ‬ِ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻜ‬ُ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻞ‬
ِ ْ
‫ﻫ‬ ‫أ‬ ْ
‫ﻦ‬ ِ
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ً
‫ﺘ‬َ
‫ﻓ‬ َ
‫ح‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
َ ‫و‬
َ ُ
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﯾ‬
َ ‫و‬‫ﺎ‬
ِ ُ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬ َ
‫ﻚ‬ ِ
‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺿ‬َ ‫و‬َ ُ
‫ﻪ‬ ْ
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬َ ‫م‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
ُ ‫ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ا‬ ِ
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬َ
‫ﻠ‬ َ
‫ﻋ‬ َ
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﯿ‬‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ِ ْ
‫ﺆ‬ ُ ‫َﻋَﻠﻰ ِﻗَﻔﺎُه َوَرَﻓ َﻊ ِرْﺟَﻠْﯿِﻪ َﻓﺎْﻧَﻜَﺸَﻔْﺖ َﺳْﻮ َءُﺗُﻪ َﻓَﺮَﺟ َﻊ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟ‬
‫ﻤ‬

‫ َواْﺳَﺘْﻈَﻬَﺮ ِﺣﯿَﻨِﺌٍﺬ‬.‫ ﻓَُﻌﱠﺪ َﺗْﻜِﺒﯿُﺮُه ﻓََﺒﻠَ َﻎ َﺧْﻤَﺴِﻤﺎَﺋٍﺔ َوَﺛﻼﺛًﺎ َوِﻋْﺸﺮﯾَﻦ َﺗْﻜﺒﯿَﺮًة َوُﻋﱠﺪ ﻗَْﺘﻠﻰ اﻟَﻔﺮﯾَﻘْﯿِﻦ ِﻓﻲ َﺻﺒﯿَﺤِﺔ ِﺗْﻠَﻚ اﻟﱠﻠْﯿﻠَِﺔ ﻓََﺒﻠََﻐْﺖ ِﺳﱠﺘًﺔ َوﺛﻼِﺛﯿَﻦ أْﻟَﻒ ﻗَﺘﯿٍﻞ‬،‫َوﻓﻲ ﻟَْﯿﻠَِﺔ اﻟَﻬﺮﯾِﺮ َﺑﺎَﺷَﺮ اْﻟَﺤْﺮَب ِﺑَﻨْﻔِﺴِﻪ َﺧﺎﱠﺻًﺔ َوَﻛﺎَن ُﻛﱠﻠﻤﺎ ﻗََﺘَﻞ ﻗَﺘﯿًﻼ َﻛﱠﺒَﺮ‬

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 :‫ص اْﻟَﺤـﺎَل ﻗَﺎَل ﻟُِﻤَﻌﺎِوَﯾَﺔ‬
ِ ‫ ﻓَﻠَﱠﻤـﺎ َرأَى َﻋْﻤُﺮو ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻌـﺎ‬.‫أْﺻَﺤﺎُب أِﻣﯿِﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوَزَﺣَﻒ َﻣﺎﻟُِﻚ اَﻷْﺷَﺘُﺮ َﺣﱠﺘﻰ أَْﻟَﺠﺄَ ُﻫْﻢ إﻟَﻰ ُﻣَﻌْﺴَﻜِﺮ ِﻫـْﻢ‬

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saying: We would better put up the books of Qur’an and invite them to arbitration! Praising this suggestion, Mu`awiyah immediately ordered the army to put up the
books of Qur’an on the spears. The reciters of the Qur’an gave up fighting saying: We will not fight the Qur’an. We should give in to the verdict of the Qur’an. Being
aware of `Amr’s trick, `Ali said: This trick belongs to `Amr, for they have never acted according to the Holy Qur’an. Nevertheless, the blind-hearted hypocrites who
were among `Ali’s army and looking for a chance of sabotage, ignored `Ali’s advice, saying: We will not fight anymore. The Qur’an’s verdict should rule between
us and this group. They also said: Tell Malik to stop fighting or we will submit you the people of Syria or we will kill you right here! `Ali sent one of his companions
to inform the case to Malik who was then fighting and witnessing the victory. Malik too sent a message saying: It is not the right time for me to return, for I wish to
bring the fighting to a conclusion. `Ali sent a message again saying: They will either kill me or surrender me to Mu`awiyah if you do not return. So Malik sorrowfully
came back to `Ali, swearing at ignorant reciters but the die was cast and the war had not come to a conclusion.[217]

Saddened by this unexpected event, `Ali turned to the army of Syria, saying: Why have you put Books of Qur’an on the spears? They said: To invite you to the
verdict of the Qur’an, to choose a man from among us and a man from among you to sit and exchange views on caliphate and make a decision on choosing a rightful
caliph.

Being aware of this trick, `Ali informed his aides of the plot and the intention of the deviators of Syria under the guise of acting according to the Holy Qur’an. But
this time too, they ignored `Ali, forcing him to accept arbitration.

Mu`awiyah appointed `Amr ibn `As as arbitrator who represented the people of Syria. Imam `Ali too appointed `Abdullah Ibn `Abbas but regretfully the people of
Kufah rejected him. Imam `Ali said: Choose Abul Aswad Du’ali then! They said: No, we will choose Abu-Musa Ash`ari as our representative! Imam `Ali said: But this
man is naïve and ignorant. Besides, he has no inclination towards us. They said: We do not accept anyone but Abu-Musa! So they chose him as their representative.

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.‫ َوَرﻓَُﻌﻮ َﻫﺎ ﻓََﺮَﺟ َﻊ اﻟُﻘﱠﺮا ُء َﻋِﻦ اﻟِﻘﺘﺎِل‬.‫ أََﺻْﺒَﺖ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾُﺔ‬.‫َﻧْﺮﻓَ ُﻊ اْﻟَﻤَﺼﺎِﺣَﻒ َوَﻧْﺪُﻋﻮ ُﻫْﻢ إﻟَﻰ ِﻛﺘﺎِب اِﷲ َﺗﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬

َ ‫ ﻗَْﺪ أَْﺷَﺮْﻓُﺖ َﻋَﻠﻰ اﻟَﻔْﺘِﺢ َوَﻟْﯿ‬:‫ ﻓَﺄَْﻧَﻔَﺬ َﯾْﻄُﻠُﺐ اَﻷْﺷَﺘَﺮ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫ َﻻ ُﺑﱠﺪ أْن َﺗُﺮﱠد اَﻷْﺷَﺘَﺮ وإّﻻ ﻗََﺘْﻠﻨﺎَك أَْو َﺳﱠﻠْﻤﻨﺎَك إَِﻟْﯿِﻬْﻢ‬:‫ ﻓََﻠْﻢ َﯾْﻘَﺒﻠﻮا َوﻗَﺎﻟﻮا‬.‫ َﻟْﯿﺴﻮا ِﻣْﻦ ِرﺟﺎِل اﻟُﻘْﺮآِن‬،‫ص‬
‫ﺲ َوْﻗَﺖ‬ ِ ‫ إﱠﻧﻬﺎ َﺧِﺪﯾَﻌُﺔ َﻋْﻤِﺮو ْﺑِﻦ اﻟَﻌﺎ‬:‫ﻓَﻘﺎَل أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬
.‫ ﻓَﻮﺿَﻌﺖ اﻟَﺤْﺮُب أْوزاَر ﻫﺎ‬.‫ ﻓَﺮَﺟ َﻊ َوَﻋﻨﻒ اﻟﻘﱠﺮا َء َوﺿَﺮَب َوْﺟﻪ دَواﱢﺑِﻬْﻢ ﻓﻠْﻢ َﯾْﺮِﺟﻌﻮا‬.‫ ﻓََﻌﱠﺮﻓَُﻪ اْﺧِﺘﻼَل أْﺻﺤﺎِﺑِﻪ َوأﱠﻧُﻪ إْن ﻟَْﻢ َﯾْﺮِﺟ ْﻊ ﻗََﺘُﻠﻮُه أْو َﺳﻠﱠُﻤﻮُه إﻟﻰ ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾﺔ‬.‫َﻃﻠَِﺒﻲ‬
َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ

‫ َﻓَﻌﱠﺮَﻓُﻬْﻢ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻣﺎ اْﺷَﺘَﻤَﻞ َﻃَﻠُﺒُﻬْﻢ ِﻣَﻦ‬.‫ ِﻟﻠﱡﺪﻋﺎ ِء إَﻟﻰ اﻟَﻌَﻤِﻞ ِﺑَﻤْﻀُﻤﻮِﻧَﻬﺎ َوأَْن ُﻧﻘﯿَﻢ َﺣَﻜﻤًﺎ َوُﺗِﻘﯿُﻤﻮا َﺣَﻜﻤًﺎ َﯾْﻨُﻈﺮاِن ِﻓﻲ َﻫَﺬا اَﻷْﻣِﺮ َوُﯾِﻘﱠﺮاِن اﻟَﺤﱠﻖ َﻣَﻘﱠﺮُه‬:‫ ِﻟﻤﺎَذا َرَﻓْﻌُﺘُﻢ اﻟَﻤَﺼﺎِﺣَﻒ؟ َﻓَﻘﺎُﻟﻮا‬:‫َﻓﻘﺎَل َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬
‫ أَُﺑﻮ ُﻣﻮَﺳﻰ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫ ﻓَﺄََﺑْﻮا َواْﺧَﺘﺎُروا أََﺑﺎ ُﻣﻮَﺳﻰ اَﻷْﺷَﻌِﺮﱠي‬.‫ ﻓَﺄَُﺑﻮ اﻷْﺳَﻮِد‬:‫ ﻗَﺎَل‬.‫س ﻓَﻠَْﻢ ُﯾﻮاﻓُِﻘﻮا‬ ِ ‫ص َوَﻋﱠﯿَﻦ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻋْﺒَﺪ اِﷲ ْﺑَﻦ اﻟَﻌﱠﺒﺎ‬ ِ ‫ ﻓََﻌﱠﯿَﻦ ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾُﺔ َﻋْﻤَﺮو ْﺑَﻦ اﻟَﻌﺎ‬.‫اﻟِﺨﺪاِع ﻓَﻠَْﻢ َﯾْﺴَﻤﻌﻮا َوأَْﻟَﺰُﻣﻮُه ِﺑﺎﻟﱠﺘْﺤﻜﯿِﻢ‬
‫ص أََﺑﺎ ُﻣﻮَﺳﻰ وَﺣَﻤَﻠُﻪ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﺧْﻠ ِﻊ‬ ِ ‫ َوَﺣﱠﻜُﻤﻮُه ﻓََﺨَﺪَع َﻋْﻤُﺮو ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻌﺎ‬.‫ َﻻ ُﺑﱠﺪ ِﻣْﻨُﻪ‬:‫ ﻓََﻘﺎُﻟﻮا‬.‫ﻒ َو َﻫﻮاُه َﻣ َﻊ َﻏْﯿِﺮﻧﺎ‬
ٌ ‫ُﻣْﺴَﺘْﻀَﻌ‬

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`Amr ibn `As instigated another plot, suggesting to Abu-Musa: What has afflicted the people of Kufah and Syria come from `Ali and Mu`awiyah. We, the
representatives of these people should now oust these two from caliphate and choose a trustworthy person as caliph. The ignorant Abu-Musa accepted this trick and
praised his decision! Being sure of what Abu-Musa had said, `Amr ibn `As said: As you are a respectable old man and your knowledge of Islam is more, you oust
`Ali first and then I will oust Mu`awiyah. Abu-Musa complied with what `Amr ibn al-`As suggested, saying: Now it is your turn to oust Mu`awiyah! `Amr ibn al-`As
rose up and said: O people, you are witnessing that Abu-Musa ousted `Ali from caliphate and that is what I desire. But I establish Mu`awiyah in the seat of caliphate.
The ignorant Abu-Musa found out that he had been tricked. Se he started swearing at him. `Amr too swore at Abu-Musa. They cursed each other but the die was
cast.[218]

In this battle, Abul Yaqzan `Ammar ibn Yasir was martyred. He is the one about whom, the Messenger of Allah had said: `Ammar is the apple of my eye and he will
be killed by a rebellious group.[219]

The killer of `Ammar is Abu-`Ariyah Muzani who cast down his spear with humiliation and ibn Juni Saksaki beheaded him. `Ammar was 94 years old then.[220]

Speaking about `Ammar’s merit, Abu-Sa`id Khidri reports: When Masjid al-Nabi was being built in Medina, we, the companions of the Messenger of Allah, would
carry one mud brick each but `Ammar carried two mud bricks. Once messenger of Allah passed by him and removed the dust from his hand and face, saying to him: O
`Ammar, like others carry one mud brick. `Ammar said: O Messenger of Allah! I am seeking nearness to Allah with it. Once again, he was faced with the Messenger
of Allah who removed dust from his head and face, saying: A rebellious group will kill you, while you are inviting them to paradise and they are inviting you to
fire.[221]

`Alqamah and Aswad report: To probe the presence of Abu-Ayyub Ansari alongside `Ali and his participation in the battles of camel and Siffin, we went to his house.
After entering the house, we said: God Almighty blessed you when the Holy Prophet first entered your house upon arrival in Medina and in this connection you are
privileged,

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.‫ َﻓَﻘﺎَم َوأََﻗﱠﺮ ﻫﺎ ِﻓﻲ ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾﺔ َﻓَﺸَﺘَﻤُﻪ أَُﺑﻮ ُﻣﻮَﺳﻰ َوَﺗﻼَﻋَﻨﺎ‬.‫ َﯾﺎ َﻋْﻤُﺮو ُﻗْﻢ َﻓﺎْﻓَﻌْﻞ َﻛَﺬِﻟَﻚ‬:‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﻗﺎَل‬.‫أِﻣﯿِﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َوأﱠﻧُﻪ َﯾْﺨَﻠ ُﻊ ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾﺔ َوأََﻣَﺮُه ِﺑﺎﻟﱠﺘَﻘﱡﺪِم َﺣْﯿُﺚ ُﻫَﻮ أْﻛَﺒُﺮ ِﺳﱠﻨًﺎ َﻓَﻔَﻌَﻞ أَُﺑﻮ ُﻣﻮَﺳﻰ َذِﻟَﻚ‬

‫ َوَﻛﺎَن‬،‫ َﻃَﻌَﻨُﻪ ِﺑُﺮْﻣٍﺢ ﻓََﺴَﻘَﻂ َواْﺣَﺘﱠﺰ َرأَْﺳُﻪ اْﺑُﻦ َﺟْﻮِﻧﱟﻲ اﻟﱠﺴْﻜَﺴِﻜﱡﻲ‬،‫ ﻗََﺘﻠَُﻪ أَُﺑﻮ َﻋﺎِدَﯾَﺔ اﻟُﻤَﺰِﻧﱡﻲ‬.‫ َﺗْﻘُﺘُﻠُﻪ اﻟِﻔَﺌُﺔ اﻟَﺒﺎِﻏَﯿُﺔ‬،‫ َﻋﱠﻤﺎٌر ِﺟْﻠَﺪُة َﺑْﯿَﻦ َﻋْﯿَﻨﱠﻲ‬:‫ َوﻗَْﺪ ﻗَﺎَل اﻟﱠﻨِﺒّﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬.‫َوِﻓﻲ َﻫِﺬِه اﻟَﺤْﺮِب ﻗََﺘَﻞ أَُﺑﻮ اﻟَﯿْﻘﻈﺎِن َﻋﱠﻤﺎَر ْﺑَﻦ َﯾﺎِﺳٍﺮ‬
.‫ِﻟَﻌﱠﻤﺎٍر َﯾْﻮَﻣِﺌٍﺬ أْرَﺑ ٌﻊ َوِﺗﺴُﻌﻮَن َﺳَﻨًﺔ‬

‫ إﱢﻧﻲ أُرﯾُﺪ اَﻷْﺟَﺮ ِﻣَﻦ اِﷲ‬:‫ َﯾﺎ َﻋﱠﻤﺎُر أﻻ َﺗْﺤِﻤُﻞ َﻛﻤﺎ َﯾْﺤِﻤُﻞ أَْﺻﺤﺎُﺑَﻚ؟ ﻗَﺎَل‬:‫س َﻋﱠﻤﺎٍر َوَﯾﻘﻮُل‬ ُ ‫ ُﻛﱠﻨﺎ َﻧْﻌُﻤُﺮ اﻟَﻤْﺴِﺠَﺪ ﻓََﻨْﺤِﻤُﻞ ِﻟْﺒَﻨًﺔ َوَﻋﱠﻤﺎٌر ِﻟْﺒَﻨَﺘْﯿِﻦ ِﻟْﺒَﻨَﺘْﯿِﻦ ﻓََﺮآُه اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱡﻲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ﻓََﺠَﻌَﻞ َﯾْﻨُﻔ‬:‫ﻗَﺎَل أَُﺑﻮ َﺳﻌﯿٍﺪ اﻟِﺨْﺪِرﱡي‬
ِ ْ‫ﺾ اﻟﱡﺘﺮاَب َﻋْﻦ َرأ‬
.‫ َﺗْﻘُﺘُﻠَﻚ اﻟِﻔَﺌُﺔ اﻟَﺒﺎِﻏَﯿُﺔ؛ َﺗْﺪُﻋﻮ ُﻫْﻢ إَﻟﻰ اﻟَﺠﱠﻨِﺔ َوَﯾْﺪُﻋﻮَﻧَﻚ إَﻟﻰ اﻟﱠﻨﺎِر‬،‫ َوْﯾَﺤَﻚ‬:‫ﺾ اﻟﱡﺘﺮاَب َﻋْﻨُﻪ َوَﯾُﻘﻮُل‬ ُ ‫ َﻓَﺠَﻌَﻞ َﯾْﻨُﻔ‬.‫َﺗﻌﺎَﻟﻰ‬

‫ َﯾﺎ أََﺑﺎ أﱡﯾﻮٍب إﱠن اَﷲ أَْﻛَﺮَﻣَﻚ ِﺑَﻨِﺒﱢﯿِﻪ إْذ‬:‫ أَﺗْﯿﻨﺎ أََﺑﺎ أَﱡﯾﻮٍب اﻷْﻧَﺼﺎِرﱠي ﻓَُﻘْﻠﻨﺎ‬:‫ﻗَﺎَل َﻋْﻠَﻘَﻤُﺔ َواﻷْﺳَﻮُد‬

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for God revealed to his camel to stop at the door of your house and you had the honor to host the Messenger of Allah. Now, given this merit, what is the reason for
your accompanying Imam `Ali? Abu-Ayyub said: I swear by God, we were sitting in this room and there was no one except the Messenger of Allah and Imam `Ali on
the right side and me on the left side and Anas who was standing opposite `Ali. All of a sudden, someone knocked at the door. The Messenger of Allah said to me:
Go and see who is behind the door. Anas answered the door, saying: It is `Ammar. The Messenger of Allah said: Open the door for that purified person. He opened
the door. `Ammar entered the house and greeted the Messenger of Allah who welcomed him. Fondling him, the Holy Prophet said: In a not too distant future after my
departure, there will be a great difference Among my Ummah in a way they will draw sword against each other. Follow the man sitting on my right side at that time
even if all the people go one way and `Ali alone will go another way. Opt for the way of `Ali and leave others, for `Ali will never mislead you. O `Ammar, know that
to obey `Ali is to obey me and to obey me is to obey God.[222]

We now deal with Khawarij. It was a group who hastily seceded from religion and was deviated. Following the issue of arbitration in the battle of Siffin when `Ali
returned to Kufah to wait for the period fixed between him and Mu`awiyah to come to an end so that he will fight Mu`awiyah later, four thousand of army men who
were pious withdrew from the army of `Ali as dissidents leaving Kufah saying: Verdict belongs solely to God and obeying Mu`awiyah who had rebelled against God
was not right. They said: Since `Ali has accepted arbitration, he must repent it. Over eight thousand others too joined them leaving Kufah for Harawa, choosing
`Abdullah ibn al-Kawa as their commander and getting ready to fight `Ali.

Imam `Ali gave `Abdullah Ibn `Abbas the mission to tell them the truth and guide them. `Abdullah went to them, bewared them of disobeying the instructions of Amir
al-Mu’minin but they did not listen to him and remained in their deviation. Then, `Ali personally went to speak to them while ibn Kawa and a group of his followers,
riding on horses were ready to fight. Turning to ibn Kawa, Imam `Ali said: Let me speak to you. Ibn Kawwa’ said: Am I safe from your sword? Imam `Ali said: Be
sure I will not harm you.

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‫ ﻓَﺈﱢﻧﻲ ُأْﻗِﺴُﻢ َﻟُﻜﻤﺎ أﱠﻧُﻪ َﻛﺎَن َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬:‫ ﻗَﺎَل‬.‫ أْﺧِﺒْﺮﻧﺎ َﻋْﻦ َﻣْﺨَﺮِﺟَﻚ َﻣ َﻊ َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.‫ ﻓَِﻀﯿَﻠًﺔ ﻓَﱠﻀَﻠَﻚ اُﷲ ِﺑَﻬﺎ‬،‫أْوَﺣﻰ إَﻟﻰ َراِﺣَﻠِﺘِﻪ ﻓََﻨَﺰَﻟْﺖ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﺑﺎِﺑَﻚ ﻓََﻜﺎَن َرُﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َﺿْﯿﻔًﺎ َﻟَﻚ‬
:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫ َﻫَﺬا َﻋﱠﻤﺎُر ْﺑُﻦ َﯾﺎِﺳٍﺮ‬:‫ﺲ ﻓََﻘﺎَل‬ ٌ ‫ ﻓََﺨَﺮَج أََﻧ‬.‫ أُْﻧُﻈْﺮ َﻣْﻦ ِﺑﺎﻟَﺒﺎِب‬:‫ﺲ ﻗَﺎِﺋٌﻢ َﺑْﯿَﻦ َﯾَﺪْﯾِﻪ إْذ َﺗَﺤﱠﺮَك اﻟَﺒﺎُب ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬
ٌ ‫ﺲ َﻋْﻦ َﯾِﻤﯿِﻨِﻪ َوأَﻧﺎ َﻋْﻦ َﯾﺴﺎِرِه َوأََﻧ‬
ٌ ِ‫ﺲ ﻓِﻲ اﻟَﺒْﯿِﺖ َﻏْﯿُﺮ َرُﺳﻮِل اِﷲ َوَﻋﻠِﱞﻲ َﺟﺎﻟ‬ َ ‫َﻫَﺬا اﻟَﺒْﯿِﺖ اﻟﱠِﺬي أَْﻧَﺘﻤﺎ ﻓِﯿِﻪ َوﻟَْﯿ‬
‫ إﱠﻧُﻪ َﺳَﯿُﻜﻮُن ِﻣْﻦ َﺑْﻌِﺪي ِﻓﻲ ُأﱠﻣِﺘﻲ َﻫﻨﺎٌت َﺣﱠﺘﻰ َﯾْﺨَﺘِﻠَﻒ اﻟﱠﺴْﯿُﻒ ِﻓﯿﻤﺎ َﺑْﯿَﻨُﻬْﻢ َوَﺣﱠﺘﻰ َﯾْﻘُﺘَﻞ َﺑْﻌُﻀُﻬْﻢ َﺑْﻌﻀًﺎ َوﻗَْﺪ‬:‫ ﻓََﺮﱠﺣَﺐ ِﺑِﻪ َوﻗﺎَل‬.‫ﺲ ِﻟَﻌﱠﻤﺎٍر َوَدَﺧَﻞ َﻋﱠﻤﺎٌر ﻓََﺴﱠﻠَﻢ َﻋَﻠﻰ َرُﺳﻮِل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬ ٌ ‫ ﻓََﻔَﺘَﺢ أََﻧ‬.‫إْﻓَﺘْﺢ ِﻟَﻌﱠﻤﺎٍر اﻟﱠﻄﱢﯿِﺐ اﻟُﻤَﻄﱠﯿِﺐ‬
.‫ إﱠن َﻋﻠِﱠﯿًﺎ َﻻ َﯾُﺮﱡدَك َﻋْﻦ ُﻫًﺪًى َوﻻ َﯾُﺪﻟﱡَﻚ َﻋﻠَﻰ َردًى‬.‫س‬ ِ ‫ ﻓَﺈْن َﺳﻠََﻚ اﻟﱠﻨﺎُس ُﻛﻠﱡُﻬْﻢ َواِدﯾًﺎ َوَﺳﻠََﻚ َﻋﻠِﱞﻲ َواِدﯾًﺎ ﻓَﺎْﺳُﻠْﻚ َواِدَي َﻋﻠِﱟﻲ َوَﺧﱢﻞ َﻋِﻦ اﻟﱠﻨﺎ‬.‫ ﻓَﺈَذا َرأَْﯾَﺖ َذﻟَِﻚ ﻓََﻌﻠَْﯿَﻚ ِﺑﻬﺬا اَﻷْﺻﻠَ ِﻊ َﻋْﻦ َﯾِﻤﯿِﻨﻲ َﻋﻠِﱠﻲ ْﺑَﻦ أَِﺑﻲ ﻃﺎﻟٍِﺐ‬.‫ﺾ‬ ٍ ‫َﺗَﺒﱠﺮأَ َﺑْﻌُﻀُﻬْﻢ ِﻣْﻦ َﺑْﻌ‬
.‫َﯾﺎ َﻋﱠﻤﺎُر َﻃﺎَﻋُﺔ َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ َﻃﺎَﻋِﺘﻲ َوَﻃﺎَﻋِﺘﻲ َﻃﺎَﻋُﺔ اِﷲ‬

‫ ﻓَﺎْﻧَﻌَﺰَل أْرَﺑَﻌُﺔ‬.‫ ﻓَﺈﱠﻧُﻪ ﻟَﱠﻤﺎ َﻋﺎَد أَِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﻣْﻦ ِﺻﱢﻔﯿَﻦ َوإﻗَﺎَﻣِﺔ اﻟَﺤَﻜَﻤْﯿِﻦ إﻟَﻰ اﻟُﻜﻮﻓَِﺔ أَﻗَﺎَم َﯾْﻨَﺘِﻈُﺮ إْﻧِﻘَﻀﺎ َء اﻟُﻤﱠﺪِة اﻟﱠﺘﻲ َﺑْﯿَﻨُﻪ َوَﺑْﯿَﻦ ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾﺔ ﻟَِﯿْﺮِﺟ َﻊ إﻟَﻰ اﻟُﻤﻘﺎَﺗﻠَِﺔ‬.‫َوأﱠﻣﺎ اﻟَﺨَﻮاِرُج ﻓَﺈﱠﻧُﻬْﻢ َﻣَﺮﻗﻮا ِﻣَﻦ اﻟﱢﺪﯾِﻦ َﻣْﺮَق اﻟﱢﺴﻬﺎِم‬
‫ﻒ َوَﺛﻤﺎِﻧَﯿُﺔ آﻻٍف َوَﺳﺎروا إَﻟﻰ أْن َﻧَﺰﻟﻮا ِﺑَﺤَﺮْوَرا َء َوأَﱠﻣُﺮوا َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻬْﻢ َﻋْﺒَﺪ‬ ٌ ‫ َواْﻧﺤﺎَز إَِﻟْﯿِﻬْﻢ َﻧﱢﯿ‬.‫ َﻻ ُﺣْﻜَﻢ إﱠﻻ ِﷲ َوﻻ َﻃﺎَﻋَﺔ ِﻟَﻤْﻦ َﻋَﺼﻰ اَﷲ‬:‫آﻻِف ﻓَﺎِرٍس ِﻣْﻦ أْﺻﺤﺎِﺑِﻪ َو ُﻫُﻢ اﻟُﻌﱠﺒﺎُد َوَﺧَﺮﺟﻮا ِﻣَﻦ اﻟُﻜﻮﻓَِﺔ َوَﺧﺎَﻟﻔﻮا َﻋِﻠﱠﯿًﺎ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوﻗَﺎﻟﻮا‬
‫ َﯾﺎ ْﺑﻦ اﻟﻜﱠﻮا ِء‬:‫ ﻓﻘﺎل ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﱞﻲ ﻋﻠْﯿﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.‫ ﻓََﺮِﻛَﺐ َﻋﻠِﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوَﻣَﻀﻰ إِﻟَْﯿِﻬْﻢ ﻓََﺮِﻛَﺐ اْﺑُﻦ اﻟﻜﱠﻮا ِء ﻓﻲ َﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻨُﻬْﻢ‬.‫ ﻓَﺄَْرَﺳَﻞ َﻋﻠِﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم إِﻟَْﯿِﻬْﻢ َﻋْﺒَﺪ اِﷲ ْﺑَﻦ َﻋﱠﺒﺎٍس َﯾُﺮﱡد ُﻫْﻢ َﻋْﻦ َﻣْﻌِﺼَﯿِﺘِﻬْﻢ ﻓَﻠَْﻢ َﯾْﺮِﺟُﻌﻮا‬.‫اِﷲ ْﺑَﻦ اﻟَﻜﱠﻮا ِء‬
َ َ ِ َ َ ِ َ ُ َ َ َ ْ ِ ٍ َ ِ َ
.‫ َﻧَﻌْﻢ‬:‫ َوأﻧﺎ آِﻣٌﻦ ِﻣْﻦ َﺳْﯿِﻔَﻚ؟ ﻗَﺎَل‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫اْﺑُﺮْز إَﻟﱠﻲ ِﻣْﻦ أْﺻَﺤﺎِﺑَﻚ ُﻷَﻛﱢﻠَﻤَﻚ‬

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Ibn Kawwa’ with ten of his companions went to Imam `Ali to discuss the issue. Imam `Ali said: Did I not warn you that the people of Syria had chosen the verdict of
Qur’an as a trick to deceive you, for they were exhausted with war and I said: Let us finish the war but you did not accept? Ibn Kawwa’ said: Yes, it was as you say.
Imam `Ali said: Did I not tell you now that you insist on arbitration let me assign my cousin, `Abdullah Ibn `Abbas as the representative of Iraq’s army, for they could
not deceive him but you did not accept insisting on Abu-Musa Ash`ari and I reluctantly accepted it. I would never accept their offer if there were people other than
you alongside me. Apart from this, in that session, I made a condition that the arbitrators should obey and observe God’s verdict and implement the tradition of the
Messenger of Allah and in case of violation of God’s verdict, I did not have to observe it. Is the truth anything other than this? Ibn Kawwa’ said: What you say is
justified but there is one question unanswered. Why did you not continue the war given that the arbitration was illegal? Imam `Ali said: The continuation of war
depended on the expiry of the period set between the two parties which had to be observed. Ibn Kawwa’ asked: What is your decision after the expiry of the
period? Imam `Ali said: There is no option but war. Hearing this, ibn Kawa and ten of those accompanying him joined Imam `Ali’s companions and withdrew from
Khawarij but the rest of them remained Khawarij following the motto of “there is no verdict but that of Allah.”

This group chose `Abdullah ibn Wahah Rasibi and Hurqus ibn Zuhayr Bujali known as Dhu’l-Thadyah as their commanders, gathered in Nahrawan where they made
their camp.

Imam `Ali set out to chase them and stopped within two farsangs of their gathering place, wrote them a letter giving them advice but they insisted on their position
and refused to accept what was just. To guide and give them ultimatum, Imam `Ali sent Ibn `Abbas, saying: Ask them what objections you have to my acts? Imam `Ali
assured Ibn `Abbas that they could not harm him, for he was closely watching the situation. Ibn `Abbas conveyed the message to them. The Khawarij said that some
of `Ali’s acts deserved criticism and were somehow unclear. Receiving the report of Ibn `Abbas, Imam `Ali personally, went to see them, saying to them: O people,
I am `Ali

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‫ أَﻟَْﻢ أَُﻗْﻞ ﻟَُﻜْﻢ إﱠن أ ْﻫَﻞ اﻟﱠﺸﺎِم َﯾْﺨَﺪُﻋﻮَﻧُﻜْﻢ ِﺑَﺮْﻓ ِﻊ اﻟَﻤﺼﺎِﺣِﻒ َوأَْﻣِﺮ اﻟَﺤَﻜَﻤْﯿِﻦ َوأﱠن اﻟَﺤْﺮَب ﻗَْﺪ َﻋﱠﻀْﺘُﻬْﻢ ﻓََﺬُروِﻧﻲ أُﻧﺎِﺟُﺰ ُﻫْﻢ ﻓَﺄََﺑْﯿُﺘْﻢ؟ أَﻟَْﻢ أُِرْد أَْن أَُﻧﱢﺼَﺐ اْﺑَﻦ َﻋﱢﻤﻲ َﺣَﻜﻤًﺎ َوُﻗْﻠُﺖ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل ﻟَُﻪ َﻋﻠِﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.‫ﻓََﺨَﺮَج ﻓِﻲ َﻋَﺸَﺮٍة ِﻣْﻦ أْﺻَﺤﺎِﺑِﻪ‬
‫ َوَﺷَﺮْﻃُﺖ َﻋَﻠﻰ اﻟَﺤَﻜَﻤْﯿِﻦ ِﺑُﺤُﻀﻮِرُﻛْﻢ أْن َﯾْﺤُﻜﻤﺎ ِﺑَﻤﺎ أَْﻧَﺰَل اُﷲ ِﻣْﻦ ﻓَﺎِﺗَﺤِﺘِﻪ إَﻟﻰ َﺧﺎِﺗَﻤِﺘِﻪ َواﻟﱡﺴﱠﻨِﺔ‬.‫إﱠﻧُﻪ َﻻ َﯾْﻨَﺨِﺪُع ﻓَﺄََﺑْﯿُﺘْﻢ إﱠﻻ أََﺑﺎ ُﻣﻮَﺳﻰ َوُﻗْﻠُﺘﻢ َرِﺿﯿَﻨﺎ ِﺑِﻪ َﺣَﻜﻤًﺎ ﻓَﺄََﺟْﺒُﺘُﻜْﻢ ﻛﺎِر ﻫًﺎ؟ َوَﻟْﻮ َوَﺟْﺪُت ِﻓﻲ َذِﻟَﻚ اﻟَﻮْﻗِﺖ أَْﻋَﻮاﻧًﺎ َﻏْﯿَﺮُﻛْﻢ َﻟَﻤﺎ أََﺟْﺒُﺘُﻜْﻢ‬
‫ َوﻻ‬،‫ َﻧَﻌْﻢ‬:‫ َوأَْﻧَﺖ ُﻣْﺠِﻤ ٌﻊ َﻋﻠَﻰ َذﻟَِﻚ؟ ﻗَﺎَل‬:‫ ﻗَﺎَل اْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻜﱠﻮا ِء َواﻟَﻌَﺸَﺮُة اﻟﱠِﺬﯾَﻦ َﻣَﻌُﻪ‬.‫ َﺣﱠﺘﻰ َﺗْﻨَﻘِﻀَﻲ اﻟُﻤﱠﺪُة اﻟﱠِﺘﻲ َﺑْﯿَﻨﻨﺎ َوَﺑْﯿَﻨُﻬْﻢ‬:‫ َﺻَﺪْﻗَﺖ! ﻓَﻠَِﻢ َﻻ َﺗْﺮِﺟ ُﻊ إﻟَﻰ َﺣْﺮِب اﻟَﻘْﻮِم؟ ﻗَﺎَل‬:‫اﻟَﺠﺎِﻣَﻌِﺔ َوأَﱠﻧُﻬﻤﺎ ﻟَْﻢ َﯾْﻔَﻌﻼ ﻓَﻼ َﻃﺎَﻋَﺔ ﻟَُﻬَﻤﺎ َﻋﻠَﱠﻲ؟ ﻗَﺎَل اْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻜﱠﻮا ِء‬
‫ص ْﺑَﻦ‬ َ ‫ َوأَﱠﻣُﺮوا َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻬْﻢ َﻋْﺒَﺪ اِﷲ ْﺑَﻦ َو َﻫٍﺐ اﻟﱠﺮاِﺳِﺒﱠﻲ َوُﺣْﺮُﻗﻮ‬.‫ َﻻ ُﺣْﻜَﻢ إﱠﻻ ِﷲ َوﻻ َﻃﺎَﻋَﺔ ِﻟَﻤْﻦ َﻋَﺼﺎُه‬:‫ ﻓََﻌﺎَد اْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻜﱠﻮا ِء َواﻟَﻌَﺸَﺮُة اﱠﻟﺬﯾَﻦ َﻣَﻌُﻪ إَﻟﻰ أْﺻَﺤﺎِب َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ َراِﺟِﻌﯿَﻦ َﻋْﻦ ِدﯾِﻦ اﻟَﺨَﻮاِرِج َوَﺗَﻔﱠﺮَق اﻟَﺒﺎُﻗﻮَن َو ُﻫْﻢ َﯾُﻘﻮُﻟﻮَن‬.‫َﯾَﺴُﻌِﻨﻲ َﻏْﯿُﺮُه‬
‫ َﺳْﻠُﻬْﻢ َﻣﺎ اﱠﻟِﺬي َﻧِﻘُﻤﻮا؟ َوأَﻧﺎ ِرْدُﻓَﻚ َﻓﻼ‬:‫ َﻓَﺄْرَﺳَﻞ إَِﻟْﯿِﻬُﻢ اْﺑَﻦ َﻋﱠﺒﺎٍس َوﻗﺎَل‬.‫ َﻓﺴﺎَر إَِﻟْﯿِﻬْﻢ أِﻣﯿُﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﺣﱠﺘﻰ َﺑِﻘَﻲ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻓْﺮَﺳَﺨْﯿِﻦ ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ َﻓﻜﺎَﺗَﺒُﻬْﻢ َﻓَﻠْﻢ َﯾْﻘَﺒُﻠﻮا‬.‫ُز َﻫْﯿٍﺮ اﻟُﺒَﺠِﻠﱠﻲ اﻟَﻤْﻌُﺮوَف ِﺑِﺬي اﻟﱠﺜﺪَﯾِﺔ َوَﻋْﺴَﻜﺮوا ِﺑﺎﻟﱠﻨْﻬَﺮواِن‬
‫ َﻣﺎ ِﺗْﻠَﻚ اَﻷْﺷَﯿﺎ ُء؟‬،‫ أَﱡﯾَﻬﺎ اﻟﱠﻨﺎُس أَﻧﺎ َﻋِﻠﱡﻲ ْﺑُﻦ أَِﺑﻲ َﻃﺎِﻟٍﺐ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.‫ َﻧِﻘْﻤﻨﺎ أْﺷَﯿﺎ َء‬:‫ ﻗَﺎُﻟﻮا‬.‫َﺗَﺨْﻒ ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ‬

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webtopdfconverter.com
ibn Abi-Talib. What are your objections? They said: The first objection is that we were with you in the battle of camel, fighting them on your order but after the
victory you made only their property permissible for us but did not permit us to take their women and children captive! Imam `Ali said: The question is that their men
fought us and after victory, what was left of their property in the front was lawful to you whereas their women had not fought us, hence we were not permitted to
take them captive. As for the children, I should say that they were born maturely Muslims and had not committed any sin so their captivity was not lawful to us. I saw
with my own eyes how gracious the Messenger of Allah was to the women and children of the atheists and never did he take them captive. So it is not strange if I
was gracious to Muslims and did not take them captive.

They said: Our second objection to you is that in the battle of Siffin while drawing up the treaty between you and Mu`awiyah, you removed your title of commander
and leader of believers. Imam `Ali said: The reason is that in the peace treaty of Hudaybiyah and the one between messenger of Allah and Suhayl ibn `Amr in which
the Holy Prophet had mentioned his name as prophet, Suhayl objected to the word “prophet” in it, for they said: If we believed in your prophetic mission, there
would be no meaning in concluding a peace treaty. Hence the Messenger of Allah removed the word “prophet” from the peace treaty. I too followed the Holy
Prophet’s act and removed the word “commander of believers (Amir al-Mu’minin)” from my title.

They said: Our third objection to you is that in relation to arbitration, you said: O people, look at the book of Allah. Confirm me if you accept my superiority over
Mu`awiyah. This does not mean anything save doubt in your rightfulness! Answering it, Imam `Ali said: What I said then was not based on doubt, rather I wished to
act fairly, for concerning mutual curse (Mubahalah) with the Christians of Najran, God states: “and pray for the curse of Allah on the liars” (3:60) though they were
surely lying and if instead of the aforesaid verse, God would state: “and pray for the curse of Allah on you”, they would not be pleased nor accepted it.

They said: our fourth objection to you is this: Why did you give in to

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.‫ َﺑَﺪُؤوﻧﺎ ِﺑﺎﻟِﻘﺘﺎِل ﻓَﻠَﱠﻤﺎ َﻇَﻔْﺮُﺗُﻢ اْﻗَﺘَﺴْﻤُﺘْﻢ ِﺳْﻠَﺐ َﻣْﻦ ﻗَﺎَﺗﻠَُﻜْﻢ َواﻟﱢﻨَﺴﺎ ُء ﻟَْﻢ ُﯾَﻘﺎِﺗْﻠَﻦ َواﻟﱢﺬﱢرﱠﯾُﺔ ُوِﻟﺪوا َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟِﻔْﻄَﺮِة َوﻟَْﻢ َﯾْﻨُﻜُﺜﻮا َوﻻ َذْﻧَﺐ ﻟَُﻬْﻢ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.‫ أَﱠوًﻻ إﱠﻧﺎ ﻗَﺎَﺗْﻠﻨﺎ َﺑْﯿَﻦ َﯾَﺪْﯾَﻚ ِﺑﺎﻟَﺒْﺼَﺮِة ﻓَﺄََﺑْﺤَﺘﻨﺎ اَﻷْﻣﻮاَل ُدوَن اﻟﱢﻨَﺴﺎ ِء َواﻟﱡﺬﱢرﱠﯾِﺔ‬:‫ﻗَﺎُﻟﻮا‬
.‫َوَﻗْﺪ َرأَْﯾُﺖ َرُﺳﻮَل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ َﻣﱠﻦ َﻋَﻠﻰ اﻟُﻤْﺸِﺮِﻛﯿَﻦ َﻓﻼ َﺗْﻌَﺠﺒﻮا َﻟْﻮ َﻣَﻨْﻨُﺖ َﻋَﻠﻰ اﻟُﻤْﺴِﻠﻤﯿَﻦ‬

.‫ض َﺣﱠﺘﻰ َﻣﺤﺎ ِرَﺳﺎﻟََﺔ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒﱢﻲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬

َ ‫ إْﻗَﺘَﺪْﯾُﺖ ِﺑَﺮُﺳﻮِل اِﷲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ ﺣﯿَﻦ َﺻﺎﻟََﺢ ُﺳَﻬْﯿَﻞ ْﺑَﻦ َﻋْﻤٍﺮو َوﻟَْﻢ َﯾْﺮ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل‬.‫ َوَﻧِﻘْﻤﻨﺎ َﯾْﻮَم ِﺻﱢﻔﯿَﻦ َﻛْﻮَﻧَﻚ َﻣَﺤْﻮَت اْﺳَﻤَﻚ ِﻣْﻦ إْﻣَﺮِة اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ‬:‫ﻗَﺎُﻟﻮا‬

،‫ َﻋَﻠْﯿُﻜْﻢ‬:‫﴾ َوَﻟْﻮ َﻗﺎَل‬.‫ ﴿َﻓَﻨْﺠَﻌْﻞ َﻟْﻌَﻨَﺔ اِﷲ َﻋَﻠﻰ اْﻟَﻜﺎِذِﺑﯿَﻦ‬:‫ َﻛَﻤﺎ َﻗﺎَل َﺗﻌﺎَﻟﻰ‬،‫ﺲ ِﺑَﺸﱟﻚ َﺑْﻞ ِﻧْﺼَﻔًﺔ‬
َ ‫ إﱠﻧُﻪ َﻟْﯿ‬:‫ َو َﻫﺬا َﺷﱞﻚ؟ َﻓﻘﺎَل َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬،‫ ُأْﻧُﻈُﺮوا ِﻛﺘﺎَب اِﷲ َﻓﺈْن ُﻛْﻨُﺖ أَْﻓَﻀَﻞ ِﻣْﻦ ُﻣَﻌﺎِوَﯾَﺔ َﻓَﺄْﺛِﺒَﺘﺎِﻧﻲ ِﻓﻲ اﻟِﺨﻼَﻓِﺔ‬:‫ َوَﻧِﻘْﻤَﻨﺎ َﻗْﻮَﻟَﻚ ِﻟْﻠَﺤَﻜَﻤْﯿِﻦ‬:‫َﻗﺎُﻟﻮا‬
.‫ﻟَْﻢ َﯾْﺮَﺿْﻮا‬

‫ ُأْﺳَﻮًة ِﺑَﺮُﺳﻮِل اِﷲ َﺣْﯿُﺚ َﺣﱠﻜَﻢ َﺳْﻌَﺪ‬:‫ َﻗﺎَل‬.‫ َوَﻧِﻘْﻤَﻨﺎ أﱠﻧَﻚ َﺣﱠﻜْﻤَﺖ َﺣَﻜﻤًﺎ ِﻓﻲ َﺣﱟﻖ ُﻫَﻮ َﻟَﻚ‬:‫َﻗﺎُﻟﻮا‬

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arbitration regarding your indisputable right while arbitration has meaning when a right is recognized with it? Your decision on your indisputable right was not
justified. The Imam said: I followed the Messenger of Allah in this connection, when he entrusted arbitration to Sa`d ibn Mu`adh in relation to the Jews of Banu-
Qurayzah though the Messenger of Allah himself was the best arbitrator. Then Imam `Ali (a.s) said: Is there any other objection? They all kept silent. At this time, a
large group of them loudly cried: We repent! We repent. Imam `Ali too accepted their repentance and pardoned them. Those who repented were eight thousand but
the other four thousand remained in their rebellion, and declared war.[223]

The commanders of Khawarij, `Abdullah ibn Wahab Rasibi and Dhu’l-Thadyah would say: We consider fighting against `Ali as an act of seeking nearness to God and
His pleasure as well as salvation in the Day of Judgment. Hence, addressing `Ali, they would say: We do not see fighting against you anything but happiness of
Allah and the hereafter. Answering them, Imam `Ali recited the verse: “say: shall we inform you of the greatest losers in their deed” (18:103). Then the war reached
its climax and attacks started. The first man, who entered the battlefield, was Akhfash Ta’i who had fought alongside `Ali in the battle of Siffin. He cleft the army line
and asked to fight `Ali who rushed to the battlefield and killed him. Then, Dhu’l-Thadyah stood opposite `Ali to kill the Imam but `Ali did not give him any respite and
with a blow of sword on his head killed him. His horse threw him down on the back of the Euphrates river.

Later Malik ibn Waddah, the cousin of Dhu’l-Thadyah prepared himself for fighting, attacking `Ali first. He too was killed by `Ali within short space of time.[224]

After this event, Wahab ibn `Abdullah, a leader of rioters, raised his voice, saying: O Son of Abu-Talib, by God, I will not leave the battlefield unless either I am
killed or will kill you! Let us fight each other and let the people watch us from afar! Hearing this, `Ali started smiling and said: May Allah kill him. How impudent and
shameless he is, given that I have sword in one hand and spear in the other. This ill-fated and unlucky man has either washed his hands off life or is nurturing a false
hope in his mind by saying so. Wahab attacked `Ali first but it was not long before he was killed by Imam `Ali.[225]

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.‫ َواْﺳَﺘْﺄَﻣَﻦ إﻟَْﯿِﻪ َﺛﻤﺎِﻧَﯿُﺔ آﻻٍف َوَﺑِﻘَﻲ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﺣْﺮِﺑِﻪ أْرَﺑَﻌُﺔ آﻻٍف‬.‫ اﻟﱠﺘْﻮَﺑَﺔ اﻟﱠﺘْﻮَﺑَﺔ‬:‫ ﻓَﺼﺎَح َﺟﻤﺎَﻋٌﺔ ِﻣْﻦ ُﻛﱢﻞ َﻧﺎِﺣَﯿٍﺔ‬،‫ ﻓََﻬْﻞ َﺑِﻘَﻲ َﺷْﻲ ٌء؟ ﻓََﺴَﻜُﺘﻮا‬.‫ْﺑَﻦ ُﻣﻌﺎٍذ ﻓِﻲ َﺑِﻨﻲ ُﻗَﺮْﯾَﻈَﺔ َوﻟَْﻮ َﺷﺎ َء ﻟَْﻢ َﯾْﻔَﻌْﻞ‬

‫ ﻓََﺤَﻤَﻞ اَﻷْﺧَﻔُﺶ اﻟﱠﻄﺎِﺋﱡﻲ َوَﻛﺎَن َﺷِﻬَﺪ ِﺻﱢﻔﯿَﻦ َﻣ َﻊ أِﻣﯿِﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺆِﻣِﻨﯿَﻦ‬.‫ ﴿ُﻗْﻞ َﻫْﻞ ُﻧَﻨﱢﺒُﺌُﻜْﻢ ِﺑﺎَﻷْﺧَﺴِﺮﯾَﻦ أَْﻋَﻤﺎًﻻ﴾ ُﺛﱠﻢ اْﻟَﺘَﺤَﻢ اﻟِﻘَﺘﺎُل‬:‫ ﻓَﻘﺎَل َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.‫ َﻣﺎ ُﻧِﺮﯾُﺪ ِﺑِﻘَﺘﺎِﻟَﻚ إﱠﻻ َوْﺟَﻪ اِﷲ َواﻟﱠﺪاَر اﻵِﺧَﺮَة‬:‫َوَﺗَﻘﱠﺪَم َﻋْﺒُﺪ اِﷲ ْﺑُﻦ َو َﻫٍﺐ َوُذو اﻟﱠﺜْﺪَﯾِﺔ َوﻗَﺎﻻ‬
‫ ﻓََﺤَﻤﻠَُﻪ ﻓََﺮُﺳُﻪ ﻓَﺄَْﻟﻘﺎُه ﻓِﻲ آِﺧِﺮ‬،‫ ﻓََﺤَﻤَﻞ ُذو اﻟﱠﺜْﺪَﯾِﺔ ﻟَِﯿْﻘُﺘَﻞ َﻋﻠِﱠﯿًﺎ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻓََﺴَﺒَﻘُﻪ َﻋﻠِﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوَﺿَﺮَﺑُﻪ ﻓََﻔﻠََﻖ اﻟَﺒْﯿَﻀَﺔ َوَرأَْﺳُﻪ‬.‫ ﻓََﺒَﺪَرُه َﻋﻠِﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ‬،‫ﺼُﻔﻮَف َﯾْﻄُﻠُﺐ َﻋﻠِﱠﯿًﺎ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬ ‫َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوَﺷﱠﻖ اﻟ ﱡ‬
‫ َواِﷲ َﻻ َﻧْﺒَﺮُح‬،‫ َﯾﺎ ْﺑَﻦ أَِﺑﻲ َﻃﺎِﻟٍﺐ‬:‫ َوَﺗَﻘﱠﺪَم َﻋْﺒُﺪ اِﷲ ْﺑُﻦ َو َﻫٍﺐ اﻟﱠﺮاِﺳِﺒﱡﻲ ﻓََﺼﺎَح‬.‫ َوَﺧَﺮَج َﻣﺎِﻟُﻚ ْﺑُﻦ اﻟَﻮﱠﺿﺎِح اْﺑُﻦ َﻋﱢﻢ ِذي اﻟﱠﺜْﺪَﯾِﺔ َوَﺣَﻤَﻞ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻓََﻘَﺘَﻠُﻪ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.‫اﻟَﻤْﻌَﺮَﻛِﺔ ِﻓﻲ ُﺟْﺮٍف َداِﻟَﯿٍﺔ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﺷﱢﻂ اﻟﱠﻨْﻬَﺮَواِن‬
‫ َوﻟَِﻜﱠﻨُﻪ‬،‫ ﻗَﺎَﺗﻠَُﻪ اُﷲ َﻣﺎ أَﻗَﱠﻞ َﺣﯿﺎ َءُه! أَﻣﺎ إﱠﻧُﻪ ﻟََﯿْﻌﻠَُﻢ أّﻧﻲ َﺣﻠِﯿُﻒ اﻟﱠﺴْﯿِﻒ َوَﺧِﺪﯾُﻦ اﻟﱡﺮْﻣِﺢ‬:‫ ﻓَﻠَﱠﻤﺎ َﺳِﻤ َﻊ َﻋﻠِﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﺗَﺒﱠﺴَﻢ َوﻗَﺎَل‬.‫س َﺟﺎِﻧﺒًﺎ‬ َ ‫ ﻓَﺎْﺑُﺮْز إﻟَﱠﻲ َوأَْﺑُﺮُز إﻟَْﯿَﻚ َوَذِر اﻟﱠﻨﺎ‬،‫ِﻣْﻦ َﻫِﺬِه اﻟَﻤْﻌَﺮَﻛِﺔ أَْو َﺗْﺄِﺗَﻲ َﻋﻠَﻰ أَْﻧُﻔِﺴَﻨﺎ أَْو َﻧْﺄِﺗَﻲ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻧْﻔِﺴَﻚ‬
.‫ ُﺛﱠﻢ َﺣَﻤَﻞ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ﻓََﻘَﺘﻠَُﻪ َﻋِﻠﱞﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم‬.‫ َوإﱠﻧُﻪ ﻟََﯿْﻄَﻤ ُﻊ َﻃَﻤﻌًﺎ َﻛﺎِذﺑًﺎ‬،‫ﺲ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟَﺤَﯿﺎِة‬ َ ‫ﻗَْﺪ َﯾِﺌ‬

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With the passage of an hour, out of four thousand people, only nine survived and the rest were killed. Out of those nine men, two fled to Sistan. The Khawarij in
Sistan are the progeny of these two men. Two others went to Oman. Abaziah are their progeny. The other two went to Yemen where they produced the generation of
Abaziah. The other two fled to Bawazij and the last one of them took refuge to Mozan hills.[226]

In this battle, based on `Ali’s prophecy only nine of his aides were martyred and only nine of men survived the Khawarij.[227]
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Although Imam `Ali had taken part in many battles and had an active part in them, he was not heavily hurt in any one of them. He was not blamed by the Messenger of
Allah even on one occasion. He never turned his back on war, nor did he fear brave fighters, nor did he flee from the enemies.[228]

Imam `Ali’s Precedence to Believing in the Holy Prophet

The great Shafi`ite scholar and jurisprudent, ibn Mughazili in his book “Manaqib” in a commentary on the verse “and the foremost are the foremost” (56:10) writes:
Yusha` ibn Nun (Joshua) was the foremost in believing on Moses (a.s), the man of Al-Yasin was the foremost in believing in Jesus (a.s) and `Ali ibn Abi-Talib was
the foremost in believing in Muhammad the son of `Abdullah, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon them all.[229]

`Abdullah ibn `Abbas had been quoted by Ahmad ibn Hanbal in Musnad as saying: I heard from `Ali ibn Abi-Talib saying: I am servant of Allah and brother to His
messenger. I am also the great accepter. Anyone who makes such a claim after me he is certainly liar who has slandered Allah and His messenger! The evidence of
the truthfulness of what I say is that I have worshiped Allah and have performed prayer seven years before all people.[230]

Ahmad ibn Hanbal in “Musnad” had quoted ibn Abi-Layla as reporting: The Messenger of Allah said: The foremost or the pioneers who accepted divine mission
were three persons, namely, Habib the carpenter, and Ilyas the believer who said: “O my people! Follow the messengers” (36:20) and Ezekiel the believer of the
family of Pharaoh who said: “What! Will you slay a man because he

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‫َوﻟَْﻢ َﺗْﺒَﻖ إﱠﻻ َﺳﺎَﻋٌﺔ َﺣﱠﺘﻰ ُﻗِﺘُﻠﻮا َﻋْﻦ أَْﺟَﻤِﻌِﻬْﻢ إﱠﻻ ِﺗْﺴَﻌَﺔ أَْﻧُﻔٍﺲ؛ َرُﺟﻼِن َﻫَﺮﺑﺎ إﻟَﻰ َﺳِﺠْﺴﺘﺎَن َوِﺑﻬﺎ َﻧْﺴُﻠُﻬَﻤﺎ َوَرُﺟﻼِن َﻫَﺮﺑﺎ إﻟَﻰ ِﻛْﺮَﻣﺎَن َوَرُﺟﻼِن َﺻﺎرا إﻟَﻰ ُﻋَﻤﺎَن َوِﺑﻬﺎ َﻧْﺴُﻠُﻬَﻤﺎ َوَرُﺟﻼِن َﺻﺎرا إﻟَﻰ اﻟَﯿَﻤِﻦ َوِﺑﻬﺎ َﻧْﺴُﻠُﻬَﻤﺎ َو ُﻫُﻢ‬
.ٌ‫ َﻧْﻘُﺘُﻠُﻬْﻢ َوﻻ ُﯾْﻘَﺘُﻞ ِﻣﱠﻨﺎ َﻋَﺸَﺮةٌ َوﻻ َﯾْﺴَﻠُﻢ ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ َﻋَﺸَﺮة‬:‫ َوَﻛﺎَن َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﻗﺎَل‬،‫ َوُﻗِﺘَﻞ ِﻣْﻦ أَْﺻَﺤﺎِب َﻋِﻠﱟﻲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم ِﺗْﺴَﻌٌﺔ َﻋَﺪَد َﻣْﻦ َﺳِﻠَﻢ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟَﺨﻮاِرِج‬.‫اَﻷَﺑﺎِﺿﱠﯿُﺔ َوَرُﺟﻼِن َﺻﺎرا إَﻟﻰ اﻟَﺒﻮاِزﯾِﺞ َوَﺻﺎَر آَﺧُﺮ إَﻟﻰ َﺗﱢﻞ ﻣﻮَزَن‬

.‫ َوﻟَْﻢ ُﯾَﻮﱢل َﻇْﻬَﺮُه ﻗَﱡﻂ َوﻻ اْﻧَﻬَﺰَم َوﻻ َﺗَﺰْﺣَﺰَح ِﻣْﻦ َﻣﻜﺎِﻧِﻪ َوﻻ َﻫﺎَب أََﺣﺪًا ِﻣْﻦ أَْﻗﺮاِﻧِﻪ‬،‫ُﺛﱠﻢ َﻣ َﻊ َﻛْﺜَﺮِة ُﺣُﺮوِﺑِﻪ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َوِﺷﱠﺪِة َﺑﻼِﺋِﻪ ِﻓﻲ اﻟِﺠَﻬﺎِد َوُدُﺧﻮِﻟِﻪ ِﻓﻲ ُﺻُﻔﻮِف اﻟُﻤْﺸِﺮِﻛﯿَﻦ ﻟَْﻢ ُﯾِﺼْﺒُﻪ ُﺟْﺮٌح َﺷﺎَﻧُﻪ َوﻻ َﻋﺎَﺑُﻪ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬

:‫ﻓِﻲ ِﺳْﺒِﻘِﻪ إﻟَﻰ اﻟﱠﺘْﺼِﺪﯾِﻖ‬

‫ َﺳَﺒَﻖ ُﯾﻮَﺷ ُﻊ ْﺑُﻦ ُﻧﻮٍن إَﻟﻰ ُﻣﻮَﺳﻰ َوَﺳَﺒَﻖ َﺻﺎِﺣُﺐ آِل َﯾﺎِﺳﯿَﻦ إَﻟﻰ ِﻋﯿَﺴﻰ َوَﺳَﺒَﻖ َﻋِﻠﱡﻲ ْﺑُﻦ أَِﺑﻲ َﻃﺎِﻟٍﺐ إَﻟﻰ ُﻣَﺤﱠﻤِﺪ ْﺑِﻦ‬:‫ ﴿َواﻟﱠﺴﺎِﺑُﻘﻮَن اﻟﱠﺴﺎِﺑُﻘﻮَن﴾ ﻗَﺎَل‬:‫ﻗَﺎَل اﻟَﻔﻘﯿُﻪ اْﺑُﻦ اﻟُﻤﻐﺎِزِﻟﱢﻲ اﻟﱠﺸﺎِﻓِﻌﱡﻲ ِﻓﻲ َﻣَﻨﺎِﻗﺒﻪ َﻋِﻦ اْﺑِﻦ َﻋﱠﺒﺎٍس ِﻓﻲ ﻗَْﻮِﻟِﻪ َﺗﻌﺎَﻟﻰ‬
.‫َﻋْﺒِﺪ اِﷲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﻪ َوآﻟِِﻪ َوَﻋﻠَْﯿِﻬْﻢ أْﺟَﻤِﻌﯿَﻦ‬

ِ ‫ َوَﻟَﻘْﺪ َﺻﱠﻠْﯿُﺖ ﻗَْﺒَﻞ اﻟﱠﻨﺎ‬،‫ َﻻ َﯾُﻘﻮُﻟَﻬﺎ َﻏْﯿِﺮي إﱠﻻ َﻛﺎِذٌب ُﻣْﻔَﺘٍﺮ‬،‫ َوأَﻧﺎ اﻟﱢﺼﱢﺪﯾُﻖ اَﻷْﻛَﺒُﺮ‬،‫ أَﻧﺎ َﻋْﺒُﺪ اِﷲ َوأُﺧﻮ َرُﺳﻮِﻟِﻪ‬:‫ َﺳِﻤْﻌُﺖ َﻋِﻠﱠﻲ ْﺑَﻦ أَِﺑﻲ ﻃﺎِﻟٍﺐ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ اﻟﱠﺴﻼُم َﯾﻘﻮُل‬:‫َوِﻣْﻦ ِﻛﺘﺎِب ُﻣْﺴَﻨُﺪ أْﺣَﻤَﺪ ْﺑِﻦ َﺣْﻨَﺒٍﻞ َﻋْﻦ َﻋْﺒِﺪ اِﷲ ْﺑِﻦ َﻋﱠﺒﺎٍس ﻗَﺎَل‬
‫س ِﺑَﺴْﺒ ِﻊ‬
.‫ِﺳِﻨﯿَﻦ‬

‫ ﴿أََﺗْﻘُﺘُﻠﻮَن َرُﺟًﻼ أَْن‬:‫ ﴿َﯾﺎ ﻗَْﻮِم اﱠﺗِﺒُﻌﻮا اْﻟُﻤْﺮَﺳِﻠﯿَﻦ﴾ َوَﺣْﺰِﻗﯿُﻞ ُﻣْﺆِﻣُﻦ آِل ِﻓْﺮَﻋْﻮَن اﱠﻟِﺬي ﻗَﺎَل‬:‫ َﺣِﺒﯿٌﺐ اﻟﱠﻨﱠﺠﺎُر ُﻣْﺆِﻣُﻦ آِل َﯾﺎِﺳﯿَﻦ اﱠﻟِﺬي ﻗَﺎَل‬:‫ اﻟﱢﺼﱢﺪﯾُﻘﻮَن َﺛﻼَﺛٌﺔ‬:‫ ﻗَﺎَل َرﺳﻮُل اِﷲ َﺻﱠﻠﻰ اُﷲ َﻋَﻠْﯿِﻪ َوآِﻟِﻪ‬:‫ َﻋِﻦ اْﺑِﻦ أَِﺑﻲ َﻟْﯿَﻠﻰ ﻗَﺎَل‬:‫َوِﻣْﻦ ُﻣْﺴَﻨِﺪ أْﺣَﻤَﺪ‬
‫َﯾُﻘﻮَل َرﱢﺑَﻲ اُﷲ﴾ َوَﻋﻠِﱡﻲ ْﺑُﻦ أَِﺑﻲ‬

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says: My lord is Allah” (40:28), and the third of them who is superior to the other two is `Ali ibn Abi-Talib who accepted the Holy Prophet’s mission before other
people.[231]

The Messenger of Allah has been reported by Imam al-Rida (a.s) as saying: All people will enter the plain of resurrection on foot except we four who will enter it
while riding. I will ride the heavenly horse, Buraq, my brother, Salih will ride the she-camel which was hamstrung, my uncle, Hamzah, will ride the she-camel,
`Adba’, and my brother, `Ali ibn Abi-Talib will ride a heavenly camel while carrying the banner of “Hamd” in his hand before Allah, saying: There is no god but Allah
and Muhammad is His messenger.

Then, people will say: This is an archangel, a messenger, or bearer of the throne of the Lord of the worlds. At that time, an angel from within the throne will respond:
O group of men! This is neither an archangel, nor a messenger, nor the bearer of the throne, rather, he is the greater Accepter, `Ali ibn Abi-Talib, with the banner of
“Hamd” in hand and testifying to the unity of God of the world and the mission of the last prophet.[232]
Imam Ali on the battlefield
The Battle of Badr: This battle alone provides an adequate example of Ali’s courage, valor, and unmatched fighting skills. It is hardly an exaggeration to say that he
alone was responsible for the victory in that battle. This battle took place in the month of Ramadan, 2 A.H., 624 A.D. About 1,000 Meccan Quraish warriors
challenged some 313 ill-prepared and poorly equipped Muslims; the gross mismatch was obvious. In the ensuing battle, Imam Ali (A.S.) killed several famous Arab
warriors, sending a wave of fear through the enemy ranks and dashing their hopes of victory. The Meccan army retreated in shameful defeat. A total of 70 of the
enemy soldiers had been killed and 36 of them had fallen to Ali’s sword.

The Battle of Uhud: This battle took place in the following year. The Quraish of Mecca mobilized a large army and returned to avenge their defeat at the hands of
the Muslims. Initially, the Muslims were victorious. However, due to the greed and disobedience of some of the Muslim soldiers, who abandoned their posts and
ran to collect the spoils of war, the enemy had time to regroup and launch a new offensive, overpowering the defensive lines of the Muslim army. Panic ensued as
there was a cry that “Muhammad is dead!” Upon hearing these cries, even more of the Muslims fled the battlefield in confusion and fear. Only four faithful and
brave soldiers and companions of the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) remained by his side to protect him. They were Ali, Hamza, Abu Dujana, and Zakwan. At one point Ali
alone was defending the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p). Ali beckoned to the Muslims that the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) was alive, and to return to their duty. Thereafter, the
Muslims regrouped and defeated the enemy. Imam Ali killed 28 renowned Arab warriors and received 16 wounds. The Prophet himself was injured. Had it not been
for Ali, the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) would have been killed. Later on, the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) informed the Muslims that Angel Gabriel was there on the
battlefield, loudly praising Ali with these words: “There is no braver youth than Ali, and there is no better sword than Zulfiqar!” (The name given to Ali’s famous two-
pronged sword). This is event is recorded in Waqudi’s “History of the Prophets,” and in Tabari’s “Tarikh”.
The Battle of the Trench (Ahzab): In the 5th year after Hijra, the Meccans returned with 10,000 soldiers, determined once and for all to wipe out Islam. The Holy
Prophet (pbuh&p) ordered that a trench be dug around the camp of the Muslim army, in order to protect his small force of 2,000 fighters. In command of the Meccan
army was Amr ibn Abdul-Wudh, a fierce and mighty warrior who was as renowned and feared in Arabia as equal to the great Persian warrior Rustum. He and several
of his brave companions managed to jump their horses across the trench and challenged the Muslims to hand-to-hand combat. One by one, Amr called out the names
of some of the most well-known individuals and companions of the Prophet in the Muslim camp and challenged them to duel, but they did not respond, being frozen

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by fear. Only Imam Ali stood up with the will and resolve to accept Amr’s challenge. But the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) did not allow him to fight. Finally, Amr taunted
the Muslims collectively, and the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) in particular, as cowards unwilling to put their faith to the test. He threw a spear directly at the tent of the
Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) which pierced his tent. Ali was finally granted permission by the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) to go out and fight Amr. The Holy Prophet
(pbuh&p) declared, as he sent Ali out to fight, “Today, faith in embodiment is facing infidelity in embodiment.” Many of the Muslims, thinking that Ali was no match
for Amr, came out to look at Ali’s face for the last time. In the ensuing duel however, Ali killed Amr as well as two other renowned enemy warriors. The remaining
ones who had jumped the trench fled back to their own ranks. The Meccans besieged the Muslim camp for several days and finally retreated from the battlefield due
to dwindling supplies, adverse weather, and low morale. Thus, it was Imam Ali alone who was responsible for demolishing the morale of the enemy and securing
victory for the Muslim warriors.

The Battle of Khyber: In the 7th year after Hijra, the Muslims marched against the rebellious Jewish clan which was holding the fortress of Khyber. On two
successive days the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) sent the Muslim army under the leadership of a different commander from among his Sahaba, but in both instances the
Muslims came back defeated.
Al-Bukhari and Muslim have recorded in their Sahih collections that on the eve before the third day of battle, the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) announced, “Tomorrow, I
shall give the standard (flag) of Islam to a man who loves Allah and His Messenger, and Allah and His Messenger love him.” He also added that it would be to the
man “...who is brave, who would not show his back to the enemy, and would not return without success.” Every soldier in the Muslim army went to sleep that night
pondering who that man would be, and praying that the honor would be bestowed on him. The next morning, the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) called for Imam Ali, gave
him the standard of Islam, and sent the army out under his command. Ali fought and killed the mighty and dreaded warrior Mehrab, as well as several other highly
reputed enemy warriors. He also broke open the door of the fortress single-handedly and flung it across the moat so that the Muslim army could enter and secure the
fortress. When Ali victoriously returned, the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) embraced him and showered him with praises, including these words: “...Ali, you will be nearest
to me on the Day of Judgment; you will be next to me at the Fountain of Kauthar; your blood is my blood, your flesh is my flesh, your friendship is my friendship, and
your enmity is my enmity; a war against you is a war against me!”

THE INFALLIBLES SERIES – HUNAIN AND TABUK

By

Yasin T. al- Jibouri

(This Series in its entirety is not copyrighted. If you wish to earn the Almighty's rewards, circulate it to everyone, Muslim or non- Muslim, post it on your web site or use it in any
way you deem fit! Plant the good seed and let the Almighty let it grow and grow…)

[Continued…]

THE BATTLE OF HUNAIN (630 A.D.)

On the 6th of Shawwal, 8 A.H./January 30, 630 A.D., a pitched battle was fought at Hunain, about ten miles from Mecca, between the Muslims and the men of Hawaz in and
Thaqif who had already taken up vantage positions. They almost took the Muslims by surprise, attacking them in the early hours of the morning, fighting in a spirit of desperation.
The Muslims first lost ground and their defeat seemed imminent. The Prophet was riding his white mule Duldul (which had been given to him as a gift by the Coptic ruler of Egypt)
as he was watching the progress of the battle from the rear of the army.

At that time, a cousin of the Prophet named Abu Sufyan ibn al- Harith was holding the bridle of the Prophet's mule. The vanguard of the army was made up of the men of Banu
Sulaim who were led by Khalid ibn al- Walid. They were leisurely advancing up the steep and narrow pass when suddenly Banu Hawaz in attacked them, concentrating their
ambush against Khalid's column. Khalid could not withstand the attack and his column staggered under the weight of the onslaught, breaking and falling back. One column after
another reacted likewise. All turned to flight. Panic seiz ed the entire army. Those who proved to be firm in the battle of Hunain and who did not flee away included: `Abbas, his
oldest son Faz l, Ali ibn Abu Talib, Abu Sufyan ibn al- Harith, his brother Rabi`ah, `Aqil ibn Abu Talib, `Abdullah ibn al- Zubayr, Zubayr ibn al- `Awwam, and Usamah ibn Zayd. Al-
Halabi remarks in Al-Sira al-Halabiyyathat only four persons remained with the Prophet, three of whom were Hashimites, i.e., Ali ibn Abu Talib, `Abbas and Abu Sufyan ibn al-
Harith, and one non- Hashimite, i.e., `Abdullah ibn Mas`ud. Abu al- Fida' makes another point. He says, “When the Muslims fled, the secret malice which the people of Mecca
entertained against the Muslims was exposed. Abu Sufyan ibn Harb gleefully cried out, `T hey will not stop until they reach the sea shore! Muhammed's magic spell is now
broken!'” Shaybah ibn `Othman ibn Abu Talhah, whose father was killed at Uhud, vowed that he would now slay Muhammed. Chaos and confusion among the Muslims' army
were increasing.

As the Prophet was witnessing his fighting men fleeing, he called out to them, “Where are you running off to?!” But nobody was paying him any attention. The Prophet then told his
uncle `Abbas to call the Muslims back. `Abbas wondered as to how his voice would reach those fleeing. The Prophet said that Allah would cause his voice to reach them, no
matter how far they might have gone. `Abbas called them in these words as the Prophet had instructed him: “O Ansar! O people of the tree of Samrah! 48 O people of Surat al-
Baqarah!”

After the call of `Abbas, at last the deserters returned and ultimately the Hawaz in and Thaqif were routed. About a hundred Muslims, all from the Ansar, succeeded in regaining
the narrow pass and checking the advance of the enemy's army. The standard bearer of the Banu Hawaz in tribe, namely `Othman (or Abu Jarwal), a man of extra- ordinary
height, stoutly built, came forward and challenged the Muslims to single combat. Ali stepped forward and engaged him in a duel. In the meantime, the Muslim army gradually
rallied around the Prophet, protecting him from the infidels. Ali succeeded in slaying his opponent and both parties closed in on each other; a fist fight broke out, and the conflict,
by any standard, was horrifying. The Prophet cast a handful of gravel into the air towards the enemy saying, “Confusion seiz e their faces!” The reader may remember that the
Messenger of Allah had done the same during the Battle of Badr. After a short while, the enemies wavered then fled away as the Muslims were in hot pursuit of them. It is to this
battle that these verses of the Holy Qur'an refer:

Certainly Allah helped you in many battlefields and on the Day of Hunanin, when your great numbers made you vain, but they availed you nothing and
the earth became strait to you notwithstanding its spaciousness, then you turned back retreating. Then Allah sent down His tranquilty upon His
Messenger and upon the believers and sent down hosts (of angels) which you did not see and chastised those who disbelieved, and that is the
reward of the unbelievers. Then will Allah after this turn (mercifully) to whomsoever He pleases, and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
(Qur'an, 9:25-27)

The men of Thaqif took refuge in the city of Taif but the families of the Hawaz in, with all their flocks and herds, fell into the hands of the Muslims. Taif was besieged. Expecting this
siege, the tribesmen of Hawaz in and their allies had already undertaken defensive measures. The siege was prolonged for over twenty days without producing any result. On
account of a dream he saw, the Propeht concluded that the military operations would not be successful and decided to lift the siege, but his army, upon receiving orders to
withdraw, began to murmur in frustration. The idea of retreating did not appeal to them. The Prophet, coming to know about their attitude, permitted them to make a general
assault the next day. The assault was undertaken but was repulsed, and the Muslim army suffered losses. `Abdullah, son of later caliph Abu Bakr, received a wound that day
which eventually led to his martyrdom a few years later. May Allah reward `Abdullah ibn Abu Bakr with the best of His rewards for his services to the cause of Islam. Has there
been enough room in this already too big a book, the feats and merits of this great sahabi would have filled many pages. May Allah forgive our shortcomings, Allahomma ameen.
Abu Sufyan, the Meccan chief, lost one of his eyes to an arrow. At last, the Muslim army marched back to Je`rana where the booty was kept pending distribution.

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The men of Hawaz in approached the Prophet and beseeched him to restore their families to them. The Prophet answered them that he could not compel his army to forego all
the fruits of victory and that if they wanted their families back, they would have to forego their worldly goods. To this, the Hawaz in consented. On the next day, acting on the
advice of the Prophet, they approached the Prophet and repeated their request. The Prophet replied, “My own share of the captives, and that of the children of `Abdul- Muttalib, I
give back to you at once.” The army followed suit, and six thousand captives were set free. The Hawaz in were so overwhelmed by this generosity that many of them accepted
Islam there and then.

The spoils of the war, which consisted of 24,000 camels, 40,000 goats, and a considerable quantity of silver, were distributed among the army. In making the distribution, the
newly converted Muslims as well as many non- Muslims of Mecca (known in history as “al- mu’allafatu qulubuhum” (those who were helped in order to win their hearts) were given
disproportionately larger shares. Some Ansar considered this as an act of partiality, and their discontent was reported to the Prophet. It was also reported that the Ansar feared
that now that Mecca was conquered, the Prophet would return to it and migrate from Medina. The Prophet delivered a lecture to them wherein he said to them:

“O Ansar! I have learned about your discourse. When I came to you, you were wandering in the dark, and the Lord gave you the right direction. You were suffering, and He made
you happy. You were enemies of one another, and He filled your hearts with brotherly love and concord. Was it not so, tell me?”

“Indeed, it is even as you say,” was the reply: “to the Lord and to His Prophet belong the benevolence and the grace.”

“Nay, by the Lord,” continued the Prophet, “but you might have answered, and answered truly, for I would have testified to its truth myself: `Yo u came to us rejected as an
impostor, and we believed in you; you came as a helpless fugitive and we assisted you; you were poor and outcast, and we gave you asylum, comfortless and we solaced
you.' O Ansar! Why do you disturb your hearts because of the things of this life? Are you not satisfied that others should return with the flocks and the camels, while you go back
to your homes with me in your midst? By Him Who holds my life in His hands, I shall never abandon you. If all mankind went one way and the Ansar went another, surely I would
join the Ansar. The Lord be favorable to them, and bless them, and their children, and their children's children!”

At these words, say the chroniclers, they all wept till tears ran down their beards. They all cried with one voice, “Yes, O Prophet of Allah! We are well satisfied with our share”
(meaning the presence of the Prophet in Medina). They, thereupon, felt happy and contented and went back home. Muhammed soon thereafter returned to Medina.

ISLAM SPREADS
The fall of Mecca was the signal for an unprecedented rush to accept Islam. `Amr ibn Salamah, a companion of the Prophet, has stated, “The Arabs were waiting for Quraish to
accept Islam. They used to say: `Muhammed must be left to his people. If he emerges victorious over them, he is undoubtedly a true prophet." When Mecca was conquered, all
the tribes hastened to accept Islam.

Zakat collectors were sent into the territories under the Muslims' control. These officials not only demonstrated great fairness in collecting the zakat andjizya, but also preached
effectively to the people, for most of them were pious and God- fearing people. After the fall of Mecca, teachers were sent in all directions to bring people to God's way, and they
met with so much success that hordes upon hordes flocked to the Prophet. It is about such mass conversions that the Qur'an has stated:

When there comes assistance from Allah and victory, and you see men entering the religion of Allah in groups.....
(Qur'an, 110:1-2)

After an order was issued prohibiting the polytheists from entering the Sacred Mosque of the Ka`ba, the entire Hijaz was Muslim.

By the 10th of Hijra/632 A.D., Islam's influence had reached Yemen, Bahrain, Yamama, Iraq, and Syria. The Chief of the Daws, a tribe in Yemen, had accepted Islam even
before the migration. In 8 A.H./630 A.D., Khalid ibn al- Walid was sent to Yemen to preach Islam but did not have much success. Then Ali went there and read the epistle of the
Prophet; the entire tribe of Hamdan accepted Islam. In 10 A.H./632 A.D., Wabr was deputed to contact the leaders of the Persians residing in Yemen. Firoz al- Daylami,
Markabood and Wahb ibn Munabbih accepted Islam through him. Ma`ath ibn Jabal and Abu Musa al- Ash`ari were also sent to Yemen with the following instructions: “Be polite,
no t harsh; give glad tidings to the people and condemn them not. Work together. When you meet people who already follow some (other) religion, preach to them about the
Oneness of God and (my) Messengership; if they accept, tell them that God has enjoined prayers five times day and night. If they agree to do so, tell them that zakat is also
obligatory upon those who can afford it in order to help the poor. If they give zakat, d o not pick out only items of a better quality. Beware of the curse and the supplication of
victims, for they reach straight to God.” Their efforts met with considerable success. Meanwhile, Khalid was inviting people to the faith in Najran and the tribe of `Abdul- Madan
came forward to accept it.

In 8 A.H./630 A.D., Munqir ibn Haban of the tribe of `Abdul- Qais of Bahrain visited Medina and accepted Islam. Through his efforts and those of his father, their tribe entered the
Islamic fold and sent a deputation of fourteen persons to the Prophet. In the same year, `Ala al- Hadrami was sent to Bahrain to preach to the people. He succeeded in converting
its governor, Munthir ibn Sawa, and the public followed suit.

Similarly, Abu Zayd al- Ansari and `Amr ibn al- `as were sent to `Oman in the same year (8 A.H./630 A.D.) with letters from the Prophet to its chieftains `Obayd and Jaifar as
stated above. When the chieftains accepted Islam, the whole tribe of Az d responded favorably to the invitation.

By 9 A.H./631 A.D., Islam was gaining a number of adherents in Syria. Its governor, Farwah, became a Muslim. When the Roman emperor learned about it, Farwah was
guillotined. He died with a couplet on his lips saying: “Convey my message to the Muslim leaders that I sacrifice my body and honor in the way of God.” In the same year,
intoxicants were prohibited. Islam was preparing the believers for this prohibition for the past 5 years: It was in 4 A.H./625 - 626 A.D. that the verse “They ask you (O Muhammed!)
concerning wine and games of cahnce. Say: In both there is great sin and benefit to men, but their sin is greater than their benefit” (Qur'an, 2:219) was revealed.

As Islam started spreading to the farthest corners of Arabia, a large number of deputations from different tribes began pouring into Medina. Ibn Ishaq has given details of fifteen of
them. Ibn Sa`d describes seventy deputations, and the same number is mentioned by al- Dimyati, al- Mughaltai and Zainuddin al- Iraqi. Hafiz Ib n Qaiyyim al- Jawz i and al-
Qastalani have critically verified the accounts of these deputations and have themselves given details of thirty- four others.

It was thus, and thus alone, that Islam gradually spread. During a short period of time, it blaz ed in radiant splendor over the continents.

TABUK EXPEDITION (630 A.D.)

In Rajab of the 9th Hijri year, corresponding to November of 630 A.D., Ali was appointed by the Prophet governor of Medina. The Nabateans 49 who came from Syria to the
markets of Medina spread the rumor that the indecisive battle at Mu'ta had stirred a considerable chagrin to the Roman emperor Heraclius. Elated by his victories over the
Persians and apprehensive of the growing power of the Muslims, he directed his feudatories to collect a huge force to invade Arabia. The tribes of Lakhm, Hutham, `Amila and
Ghassan gathered to help the Roman army. When news of this preparation reached Medina through a trade caravan, it caused a great deal of anxiety among the Muslims. How
alarmed they were can be judged from one incident: A neighbour of `Omer knocked at his door in the night. When `Omer came out and inquired what the matter was, the visitor
said a calamity had befallen. `Omer asked whether the Ghassanids had come. The visitor was perturbed over another matter but the attack of the Ghassanids was considered
so imminent that `Omer's first thought went to it. In order to meet this danger, the Prophet hastily collected a force of 30,000 volunteers with 10,000 horses among them. It also
included a number of the munafiqun, hypocrites, led by their man `Abdullah ibn Ubayy.

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In spite of the severe famine that had overtaken Najd and Hijaz and the intense heat of the weather, the Prophet's followers rallied behind him. Those who were in a position to
do so generously donated large sums of money to meet the expenses of the expedition and to buy weapons and armor to those who could not afford to buy them. This was the
first occasion when an appeal for public donations was made, and many Muslims responded generously.

An old and very poor woman brought a small quantity of dates as her contribution. Some hypocrites ridiculed her, but the Prophet said that her contribution was more precious in
the sight of Allah than that of many people who had contributed only to show off.

The Prophet left Ali as his deputy in and governor of Medina as stated above. Ali exclaimed with dismay, “Are you leaving me behind, O Messenger of Allah?” The Prophet
said, “Ali! Are you not satisfied that you have the same position in relation to me as Aaron had with Moses, except that there is no prophet after me?” The Prophet thereby meant
that as Moses had left Aaron behind to look after his people when he went to receive the Commandments, he was likewise leaving Ali behind as his deputy to look after the
affairs of the Muslims during his absence.

The Prophet marched at the head of this force to Tabuk, a place situated midway between Medina and Damascus. There, they came to know, to their relief, that the news of the
Ghassanids' attack was incorrect. `Abdullah ibn Ubayy and his men camped separately in the rear of the army, and when they had a chance, they left for Medina where this man
claimed that the Prophet had placed him in charge of Medina. Ali did not believe it, so he had to ask the Prophet about it. The Prophet's answer came loud and clear: “These
men are liars. They are the party of hypocrites who would not hesitate to foster sedition in Medina. I left you there to keep an eye on them and to protect our families (from their
mischief).” This is recorded by al- Tabari, Abul al- Fida' and Ibn Athir.

Having stayed for twenty- four days at Tabuk, the Muslim army returned to Medina.

The Prophet had marched to Tabuk in order to forestall the Ghassanids and the Byz antines, but a certain Western historian has surmised that the aim of this expedition was
expansion, viz. to capture the trade routes leading to the more prosperous cities of Syria. Had this been so, there was no sense in returning to Medina without even attempting to
fulfill that objective after having taken all the trouble and the expenditure to raise an expedition of that siz e during the most inconvenient time of the year. But these detractors
have their own mission to fulfill.

On his trip back to Medina, and when he was about an hour from reaching his destination, the Prophet received a delegation from some men of Quba who had built a mosque
and who wished he would bless it by praying there. Those same men had made a similar request to the Prophet who asked them to postpone it till he had dealt with the
immediate danger in Syria. But instead of going to their mosque to pray, the Prophet ordered it to be demolished. Here is why:

It was the Banu `Amr who had the lion's share in the construction of the Quba Mosque, the first ever built in the Islamic history. There was a Christian living in their town known as
Abu `Amir belonging to Banu Ghunm ibn `Awf who was well versed in the Scriptures and who knew that a Prophet was about to rise. Instead of recogniz ing Muhammed as the
promised Prophet, he denied him and even became jealous of his increasing influence and power in Medina and jealous of those who had established the Quba Mosque. He,
therefore, fled to Mecca after the Prohet's victory at Badr where he joined Meccan pagans against the Prophet and participated in the Battle of Uhud on their side. When the
Meccans retreated, he fled towards north- western Arabia which was under the Roman ontrol. Some men from Quba, his likes, who were said to number no more than fifteen,
contacted him and invited him to return to his home town. Once Abu `Amir was back there, he suggested that they should build a mosque that would rival the Quba mosque, the
first built in Islam, so that they would meet and hatch plots against Muhammed and his followers. Among those who invited him, some hypocrites who professed to follow Islam,
included Tha`labah ibn Hatib, Mu`attib ibn Qushayr, and Nabtal ibn al- Harith. They were the ones who built the new mosque. This is why they invited the Prophet to bless their
mosque: they wanted him to legitimiz e what they were trying to do.

Abu `Amir once said to his followers, “Get ready. Build a mosque. I will be going to meet the Kaiser and bring an army from him so that we would kick Muhammed out of
Medina 50 .”

Muhammed received their deputation for the second time led by `Asim ibn Awf al- `Ajlani and Malik ibn al- Dukhsham of Banu `Amr ibn `Awf. As soon as he received them, the
Prophet also received the following verses with reference to their mosque built for ulterior motives:

And there are those who have built a mosque for a mischievous purpose, and for (propagating) infidelity and to cause division among the faithful, and
to ambush whoever fought in the cause of Allah and His Messenger. Yet they swear that they intend nothing but good, but Allah bears witness that
they are surely liars.
(Qur'an, 9:107)

This is why the Prophet ordered their “Zirar Mosque” to be demolished to the ground. Its roof and columns were built with palm leaves and trunks, so it was first burnt then
demolished.

[To Be Continued…, Insha- Allah]

48 T his is a ref erence t o t he t ree under which t he Bay`at al-Ridwan had t aken place at Hudaibiyah t wo years earlier.

49 Nabat ea was an Arabian kingdom in present day Jordan. It f lourished f rom t he 4t h cent ury B.C. t ill t he Roman occupat ion in 106 A.D. It s capit al was
Pet ra.

50 al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. 21, p. 253.

THE INFALLIBLES SERIES – MUSLIMS BATTLE THE PAGANS AND JEWS IN MEDINA
By

Yasin T. al- Jibouri

(This Series in its entirety is not copyrighted. If you wish to earn the Almighty's rewards, circulate it to everyone, Muslim or non- Muslim, post it on your web site or use it in any
way you deem fit! Plant the good seed and let the Almighty let it grow and grow…)

[Continued…]

BATTLE OF THE KHANDAQ (627 A.D.)

Upon settling down at Khaibar, Banu Nadir decided to seek revenge against the Muslims. They contacted the Meccans, and 20 leaders from the Jews and 50 from Quraish
made a covenant in the Ka`ba that as long as they lived, they would fight Muhammed. Then the Jews and Quraish contacted their allies and sent emissaries to a number of
tribes. Banu Ghatfan, Banu Asad, Banu Aslam, Banu Ashja`, Banu Kinanah and Banu Fiz arah readily responded. The Meccans, four thousand strong, including thre hundred

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cavaliers and fifteen hundred camels, were joined by six thousand allies from among the Jews and the bedouin tribes. The three armies set out, ten thousand strong, under the
command of Abu Sufyan in the beginning of the month of Shawwal, 5 A.H. (the end of February 627 A.D.) to attack Medina.

When news of these preparations reached Medina, the Prophet consulted his companions, as he always did during such situations. There was hardly sufficient time to make
preparations for the war. He decided this time to remain within the city and fight back. The stone houses of the city were built adjacent to one another so as to make a high and
continuous strong wall for a long distance except in the north- west where a wide open space could afford the enemy an easy entry. At this place, with the suggestion of Salman
al- Farisi, who was familiar with the mode of defending cities in other countries such as his (Persia), a trench, fifteen feet in width and fifteen feet in depth, was dug. Muslims were
divided into parties of 10 each, and each party was allotted 10 yards to dig. The Prophet himself participated in this task, carrying the excavated earth away. The khandaq (moat)
was completed in nick of time: just 3 days before the host of the enemies reached Medina. The houses outside the city were evacuated, and the women and children were
accommodated for safety on the tops of the double- storied houses at the entrenchment. Muslims could muster only three thousand men to face this huge army, and they
immediately took cover behind the ditch. The Prophet camped in the center of the entrenchment in a tent of red leather on a space shaped like a crescent. The camp had the
rising ground of Sila` on its rear and the trench in the front.

Huyaiy ibn Akhtab, head of Banu Nadir, met secretly with Ka`b ibn Asad, head of Banu Quraiz ah, a Jewish tribe which was still in Medina. Huyaiy was the most antagonistic Jew
towards the Prophet (P). Banu Quraiz ah, on his instigation, tore down the treaty which they had concluded with the Muslims. The Jews decided that they would assist the pagan
Quraishites after ten days' preparations and would attack the rear of Muhammed's army from the north- western side of the city which was located on the south- east side of their
fortress and which was easily accessible to them.

Rumours reached the Prophet about the Jews' schemes, so he sent two chiefs, one from the Aws and one from the Khaz raj: These were Sa`d ibn Mu`ath and Sa`d ibn
`Abadah13 respectively to ascertain the truth. Both men proceeded to meet the Jews. Having made searching inquiries and some scouting of their own, they returned to report to
the Prophet that the temper of the Jews was even worse than it had been feared. This news alarmed the Prophet. It was then necessary to take precautions against any surprise
attack or treachery from the side of those Jews. The north- western part of the city, which was located on the side of the Jewish stronghold, was the weakest of all defenses. In
order to prtoect the families of his followers throughout the city, the Prophet, as a meager measure of safeguard, had no choice except to send a considerable number of his
men from his already small army of three thousand to afford them such a protection. His men's supplies were hardly adequate due to the length of the entrenchment that formed
his defense line. Still, he had no choice except to detach two parties, one of three hundred men under the command of Zayd ibn Harithah, his freed slave and adopted son, and
another of two hundred men under the command of a chieftain from Medina. Their job was to patrol the streets and the alleys of the city night and day.

This treachery and danger from inside Medina, when Muslims were surrounded by the combined armies of pagans and Jews of all of Arabia on the outside, had a telling effect
on the Muslims. The enemy was astonished to see the moat because it was a novel military tactic for the Arabs. They camped on the outside for 27 (or 24) days. Their number
increased day by day, and many Muslims were extremely terrified, as the Qur'an portrays for us. Surat al- Ahz ab describes various aspects of this siege. For example, read the
following verses:

When they came upon you from above you and from below you, and when the eyes turned dull, and the hearts rose up to the throats, you began to
think diverse thoughts about Allah. There, the believers were tried, and they wee shaken a tremendous shaking.
(Qur'an, 33:10-11)

At that time, many hypocrites, and even some Muslims, asked permission to leave the ranks of the Muslims and to go home:

And when a party of them said: O people of Yathrib! There is no place for you to stand, and a party of them asked permission of the Prophet saying:
Verily our houses are exposed, and they were not exposed; they only described to flee away.
(Qur'an, 33:13)

The bulk of the army, however, steadfastly withstood the hardship of inclement weather and rapidly depleting provisions. The coalition's army hurled arrows and stones at the
Muslims.

Finally, a few of Quraish's more valiant warriors, `Amr ibn `Abdwadd, Nawfal ibn `Abdullah ibn Mughirah, Dhirar ibn Khattab, Hubairah ibn Abu Wahab, `Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahl and
Mirdas al- Fahri, succeeded in crossing the moat.

`Amr called for battle; nobody responded; he was considered equal to one thousand warriors. History accounts state that all the Muslims were as though birds were sitting on their
heads: they were too afraid to raise their heads.

Three times did the Prophet exhort the Muslims to battle `Amr. Three times it was only Ali who stood up. In the third time, the Prophet allowed Ali to go. When Ali was going to the
battlefield, the Prophet said: “The whole faith is going to fight the whole infidelity; the embodiment of the former bounds is to crush the entirety of the latter.” The Prophet put his
own turban on Ali's head, his own coat of mail over Ali's body, and he armed Ali with his own sword, Thul- Fiqar, then he sent him to meet his opponent. Then the Prophet raised
his hands to supplicate thus: “O Allah! `Obaydah, my cousin, was taken away from me in the Battle of Badr, Hamz ah, my uncle, in Uhud. Be Merciful, O Lord, not to leave me
alone and undefended. Spare Ali to defend me. You are the best of defenders.”

Ali invited `Amr to accept Islam or to return to Mecca, or to come down from his horse since Ali had no horse and was on foot.

“Nephew,” said `Amr to Ali, being a friend of Ali's father Abu Talib, “By God I do not like to kill you.” Ali replied, “By God, I am here to kill you!” `Amr, now enraged at this reply,
alighted from his horse. Having hamstrung his horse, a token of his resolve never to run away from the battlefield but either to conquer or to perish, he advanced towards Ali.
They were immediately engaged in a duel, turning the ground underneath them into a cloud of dust, so much so that for a good while, only the strokes of their swords could be
heard while they themselves could not be seen. `Amr succeeded once in inflicting a serious cut on Ali's head. At last, Ali's voice was heard shouting, “Allahu Akbar! Allahu
Akbar!” That was his cry of victory. It always is Muslims' cry of victory. Seeing how the most brave among them has been killed by Ali, the other pagans who crossed the moat
now took to their heels with the exception of Nawfal whose horse failed to leap; it fell into the moat. As the Muslims showered him with a hail of stones, he cried out thus: “I rather
die by the sword than by the stones!” Hearing this, Ali leaped into the moat and fulfilled his last wish, dispatching him to hell!

Ali, contrary to the Arab custom then, did not, however, strip either men from their armor or clothes. When `Amr's sister came to her brother's corpse, she was struck with
admiration at the noble behavior of her slain brother's adversary and, finding out who he was, she felt proud of her brother having met his fate at the hands of the person who was
known as the unique champion of spotless character. She said, as recorded in Tarikh al-Khamis, “Had his conqueror been someone else other than the one who killed him, I
would have mourned `Amr for the rest of my life. But his opponent was the unique spotless champion.”

Ali, the “Lion of God,” thus distinguished himself as on previous occasions: in the battles of Badr and of Uhud. About this battle, the Prophet said:

Verily, one at t ack of Ali in t he Bat t le of Khandaq is bet t er t han t he worship of all human beings and jinns up t o t he Day of Resurrect ion.

No further activity was attempted by the enemy that day, but great preparations were undertaken during the night. Khalid ibn al- Walid, with a party of cavaliers, attempted during
the night to clear the ditch for crossing the next day. The next morning, the Muslims found the entire enemy force arrayed in fighting formations along their line of entrenchment.

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T he enemies tried to overrun the Muslim side of the trench but were repelled at every point. The ditch served its purpose; it could not be crossed. During the entire military
campaign, by the way, only five Muslims were martyred. The Muslims' vigilance paralyz ed the enemies despite the latter’s numeric superiority. Numeric superiority is not always
a prerequisite for victory, let the majority of the Muslims of the world in general and the Salafi fanatics in particular keep this in mind. The Almighty grants victory to whosoever He
pleases.

But the Muslims were running out of provisions. The Prophet had to tie a stone on his stomach in order to minimiz e the pangs of hunger. Abu Sa`eed al- Khudri said: “Our hearts
had reached our throats in fear and in desperation.” On the other hand, the besieging army was getting restive, too; it could not put up any further with the rain and cold; its horses
were perishing daily and provisions nearing depletion. The Prophet went to the place where the Mosque of Victory (Masjidul- Fath) now stands and prayed to Allah. Said the
Prophet, “O Lord! Revealer of the Sacred Book, the One Who is swift in taking account, turn the confederate host away! Turn them to flight, O Lord, and make the earth
underneath them quake!”

A fierce storm raged, uprooting the tents of the enemies; their pots and belongings went flying in all directions; it blew dust in their faces, extinguished their fires, and their horses
were running around as though they were possessed. An unbearable terror was cast in their hearts. In the fourth night, after having finished his prayers, Muhammed asked Abu
Bakr if he would go to the enemy's camp to discern and report their activities. He replied saying, “I ask pardon of Allah and of His Messenger.” The Prophet promised Paradise
to be the reward of anyone who would venture out for that purpose, then asked `Omer ibn al- Khattab if he would do it. `Omer's answer was similar to that of Abu Bakr. The
Prophet's request is actually an order, a divine one, since it is coming from one who does not say anything or do anything without the Will of the Almighty. These facts are
recorded in Tafsir al-Durr al-Manthur, Al-Sira al-Muhammediyya, Al-Sira al-Halabiyya, Tarikh al-Khamis, and Rawdat al-Ahbab for all to review. The third person the Prophet asked
was Huthayfah al- Yemani who readily responded to the request and proceeded to the enemy camp in the darkness of the night where he saw the devestation wrought by the
storm. He saw Abu Sufyan looking very depressed. When he came back to his camp and reported in detail to the Prophet what he had seen, the Prophet was delighted to find
out that his plea to Allah was answered.

Either feeling the pain of the severity of the weather or struck with terror at that storm which was interpreted as a manifestation of the Divine Wrath, Abu Sufyan decided to lift the
siege and to march back at once. Summoning the chiefs of his allies, he announced his decision to them, issuing orders to dismantle the camp. He and all the Meccans with him,
as well as the pagan tribes that allied themselves under his command, fled away. The first to flee was Abu Sufyan himself who was so upset that he tried to ride his camel without
first untying its rope. Khalid ibn al- Walid guarded the rear of the armies with two hundred cavaliers against a pursuit. The Ghatfan tribesmen and the bedouin allies returned to
their deserts; not a single person remained on the battlefield in the morning. It was with great joy that in the morning the Muslims discovered the sudden disappearance of the
enemy, finding themselves unexpectedly relieved. The siege lasted for twenty- four long days ending in March of 627 A.D.

This episode is referred to in the Qur'an in this ayat:

O ye who believe! Remember the bounty of Allah unto you when came upon you the hosts, so We sent against them a strong wind and hosts that ye
saw not, and Allah sees all what you do.
(Qur'an, 33:9)

And also in ayat 25 which says:

And God turned back the unbelievers in their rage; they did not achieve any advantage, and Allah sufficed for the believers in fighting, and Allah is
Strong, Mighty.
(Qur'an, 33:25)

`Abdullah ibn Mas`ud was interpreting this thus: “And God sufficed the believers (through Ali ibn Abu Talib) in their fight,” as we read in Tafsir al-Durr al-Manthur.

As a direct result of this defeat of the infidels' combined forces in the Battle of Khandaq (moat, or the Battle of Ahz ab, coalitions), Quraish's influence waned, and those tribes who
were till then hesitating to accept Islam out of fear of Quraish began to send deputations to the Prophet. The first deputation came from the tribe of Maz inah, and it consisted of
four hundred persons. They not only accepted Islam but were ready to settle down in Medina. The Prophet, however, advised them to return to their homes.

Likewise, a deputation of a hundred persons came from the Ashja` and embraced Islam. The tribe of Juhainah lived near them, so they were influenced by their conversion. One
thousand of the latter's men came to Medina to join the fraternity.

BANU QURAIZAH DEFEATED (627 A.D.)

According to the terms of the treaty which Banu Quraiz ah had contracted with the Muslims, they were bound to assist the Muslims against outside aggression. But, not to speak of
assisting the Muslims or even remaining neutral, they had sided with the Meccans and joined the besieging foe. What was worse, they had tried to attack the fortress where
Muslim women and children had been lodged for safety. Living in such a close proximity to Medina, they had become a serious menace.

Having put aside his armor after his return from the site of the Battle of Khandaq, the Prophet, on the same day when the battle had come to a close, was washing his hands and
face at the house of his beloved daughter Fatima whom he used to visit before proceeding to his own house and whenever he returned from an expedition or an expedition. It
was then and there that arch- angel Gabriel brought him the divine command to proceed immediately against the Jews of Quraiz ah. He instantly sent Ali with his standard, then he
followed in person with his army and laid the siege of their fortress, a siege which the enemy had not expected, thinking that the Muslims were already worn out following one of
their most exhausting battles.

First, Quraiz ah Jews resisted, but the siege of twenty- five days sufficed to bring them to their knees and prepare them to pay for their treachery. They ultimately opened the
gates of their fortresses on the condition that their fate should be decided by Sa`d ibn Mu`ath, chief of the Aws, a long time friend and ally of the Jews. Sa`d had been wounded
during the battle of the moat and was still under treatment when he was brought to decide the fate of Banu Qurayz ah. He came riding a mule and looking quite weak. He could
not walk, so he was supported by some of his friends. He was surrounded by men of his tribe who were all urging him to be lenient towards Jewish prisoners, reminding him of
their services to the Aws when the war of Bu`ath was raging. Basing his judgement upon the verses of the Old Testament itself, Sa`d ruled that the fighting men, six hundred in
number according to some accounts, should be killed, the women and children be taken captive, and their possessions be confiscated and divided among the besieging
troops. The sentence was carried out.

Ibn `Abbas narrates the following with reference to the Prophet's conquest over Banu Qurayz ah:

When t he Messenger of Allah called Ka`b ibn Asad so t hat he would be beheaded, he said t o him, “O Ka`b! Did you avail yourself of t he
advice of Ibn Hawash who came f rom Syria? He (Ibn Hawash) said, “I have lef t wine and all int oxicant s and came t o misery and dat es f or t he
same of a Prophet t o be delegat ed. His advent will be in Mecca, and t his (Medina) is t he place t o which he will migrat e. He is t he one who
smiles quit e of t en, and who quit e of t en kills. A bit of bread and a f ew dat es suf f ice him. He rides t he donkey wit hout a saddle. In his eyes
t here is redness. He put s t he sword on his shoulder and does not care who f aces him. His domain will reach so f ar t hat nobody can go
beyond it .'” Ka`b said, “Yes, all of t his is t rue, O Muhammed! Had t he Jews not t aunt ed me of being t oo coward t o f ight you, I would have

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 believed in you and f ollowed you, but I am a f ollower of Judaism; a Jew do I live, and a Jew shall I die.” T he Messenger of Allah t hen said,
“Bring him f orward and st rike his neck,” and so it was 14 .

It was in reference to this conquest that the following ayats were revealed:

And He drove down those of the people of the Book who backed them from their fortresses, and He cast awe into their hearts: some you killed and
some you took captive. And He made you inherit their land and their dwellings and their possessions, and (to) a land which ye have not yet trodden,
and God has power over all things.
(Qur'an, 33:26-27)

Some critics had described this punishment as harsh. But what other punishment could be meted out to them? They had violated the pact and, instead of helping the Muslims,
they joined the forces of their enemies and had actually besieged the Muslims. There were no prisons where prisoners of war could be detained nor any concentration camps
where they could be put to forced labor, and the capture of women and children, though allaying to the notions of the present age, was probably the only method known in those
days to provide sustenance to them when the earning members of their families had lost their lives. At any rate, this was the custOmery aftermath of a war.

One of the greatest losses suffered by the Muslims in the Battle of Khandaq (Moat) is the death of Sa`d ibn Mu`ath one month after the end of the battle under the weight of his
wounds. That was in 5 A.H./626 A.D. Ubayy has narrated saying that Sa`d ibn `Abdullah quotes Ibrahim ibn Hashim quoting al- Husain ibn Yaz id al- Nawfali quoting Ziyad al-
Sukuni quoting Imam Ja`fer ibn Muhammed al- Sadiq who in turn quotes his father Imam Muhammed al- Baqir saying that the Prophet performed the funeral prayers for Sa`d ibn
Mu`ath then said,

Ninet y t housand angels, including Gabriel, have at t ended t he f uneral of Sa`d ibn Mu`at h t oday t o bless him and pray f or him. I asked Gabriel,
“What did he do t o deserve your prayers, all of you, t oday?!” Gabriel said, “He used t o recit e Surat al-Ikhlas (Ch. 112 of t he Holy Quran)
st anding, sit t ing, riding, walking, going or coming.”15

May Allah have mercy on Sa`d ibn Mu`ath.

JEWS OF BANU MOSTALIQ (627 A.D.)

The Jews of Banu Mostaliq were neighbours of Banu Qurayz ah. Although they saw what had happened to the latter, they did not learn a lesson from it and started making
preparations to invade the part of Medina where the Muslims were residing. Having come to know of their designs, Prophet Muhammed sent them Buraydah ibn al- Hasib in order
to verify the reports that had reached him. Upon his return, Buraydah confirmed the truth of what the Prophet had heard. A pre- emptive war was imminent. With Ali as the standard
bearer, the Prophet led his troops on Sha`ban 2, 5 A.H./December 30, 626 A.D. to battle the Banu Mostaliq Jews. The fighting broke out, and ten Jews were killed, including the
leader of Banu Mostaliq, namely al- Harith ibn Abu Zarar. Having seen their leader being killed, the Jews took to flight but not before the Muslims captured two hundred of them
along with one thousand camels and five hundred sheep. Juwayriyya, daughter of the slain Jewish chief, was among the captives. Before the fight began, her father had already
pleaded to the Prophet not to sell her in the slave market as was usually done in those days. Captives who could not buy their ransom or get someone to pay it on their behalf
used to be auctioned at the slave market. Juwayriyya embraced Islam and was married to the Prophet who safeguarded her dignity and treated her like a queen. In order to
please her even more, Muhammed set all her relatives free.

THE BATTLE OF KHAYBAR (628 A.D.)

Banishing the Jewish tribes of Banu Nadir and Qinaqa` from Medina intensified the Jews' animosity towards the Muslims. These tribes were instigating other tribes, Jewish and
pagan, to join them in a conclusive assault upon the Muslims. Two years ago, they instigated a number of powerful bedouin tribes, with whom they entered into alliances, as well
as the Quraishites of Mecca, to raid and besiege Medina, but their attempts failed. Their chief, Ibn Abul- Haqiq, who enjoyed security at the fort of Qamus, instigated the tribe of
Banu Fiz arah and other bedouins to raid Medina. In fact, the Battle of Ahz ab, or of Khandaq (moat), was the first attempt in which the Jews had actually participated in besieging
the Muslims. Ibn Abul- Haqiq in particular had played an active role in that siege.

These Jewish tribes had settled down in Khaybar at a distance of about 80 miles (or 96 Arabian miles or 8 stages) north- east of Medina. “Khai- Bar” means: “fortified place”. The
valley of Khaybar was studded with fortresses strongly situated on rocky hills numbering ten. The more fortified ones were seven: Naim, Qamus (on a hill of the same name),
Katiba, Shiqu, Natat, Watih and Sulalim, of which Qamus (where Ibn Abul- Haqiq resided) was the most fortified. It was the one that proved to be a formidable challenge to the
Muslims.

Past reverses they suffered did not deter them. Usir ibn Raz am, another prominent Jew of Khaybar, rallied behind him all the Jewish tribes then solicited the aid of Ghatfan for a
final showdown. To demonstrate their strength, Ghatfan sent a posse headed by none other than `Oyaynah, chief of the tribe of Banu Fiz arah, that captured twenty camels
belonging to the Prophet after killing their herdsman and capturing his wife. This incident took place in Rabi` I of that year 7 A.H./July 628 A.D.. In the next month (Rabi II), the Banu
Ghatfan tribe, an ally of the Jews, with the instigation of the latter, made a similar attempt, sending Muhammed ibn Maslamah with ten men. All those ten men were killed by the
Muslims, and the leader of the scheme was seriously wounded. He was mistaken as having been killed, so his body was put together with the corpses of the other ten men.
Finding an opportunity, however, he fled. In the same year, OIb died and was succeeded by `Osayr ibn Zarim who renewed his attempts to hatch plots against the Muslims with
the tribe of Banu Ghatfan. News reached the Prophet of their schemes.

The news of the preparation of the Jews was reaching the Prophet in Medina frequently. At last, the Prophet decided to crush them once and for all before they could destroy the
Muslims. It was the “near victory” foretold in the Sura of “Victory” revealed just after the truce of Hudaybiya:

Indeed God was well-pleased with the Believers when they swore allegiance to thee under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent
down tranquility on them and rewarded them with a near victory.
(Qur'an, 48:18)

By mid- Muharram, 7 A.H./May 28, 628 A.D., the Prophet marched on Khaybar with 1,400 (or 1600 according to some accounts) strong. In order to surprise the enemy, the
Prophet's troops marched during the night and halted during the day. A road guide had to be hired to show the army the way. The Jews had made a maz e of roads surrounding
their fortresses.

In about seven days, six of the Jewish fortresses were overrun by the Muslims. Then Qamus was besieged. As the Muslims were busy for one month attacking less fortified
fortresses, the Jews were equally busy laying waste the country surrounding them with the intention to starve the Muslims. They destroyed even their own date trees growing
around their fortresses. They successfully repulsed every attempt of the Muslims to advance.

Abul- Fida' says the following in his Tarikh, book of history:

In t hose days, t he Prophet somet imes used t o suf f er f rom part ial headaches. As a mat t er of chance, on t he day he reached Khaybar, he
suf f ered f rom t he same. Abu Bakr, t heref ore, t ook t he st andard and went out t o f ight but ret urned unsuccessf ul. T hen `Omer t ook t he
st andard and f ought hard, more t han his predecessor, but ret urned equally unsuccessf ul. When t he Prophet came t o know of t hese
reversals, he said, “By Allah, t omorrow I will give t he st andard t o a man who loves Allah and His Messenger and whom Allah and His
Messenger love, one who is const ant in onslaught and does not f lee, one who will st and f irm and will not ret urn t ill vict ory is achieved.”
Having heard t his, bot h t he Immigrant s and t he Helpers aspired f or t he f lag. When t he day dawned, having said t he morning prayer, t he
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 Prophet came and st ood among his companions. T hen he called f or t he st andard. At t hat moment , every companion was engrossed in t he
hope and desire of get t ing t he f lag, while t he Prophet called f or Ali who was suf f ering f rom sore eyes. T he Prophet t ook some of his own
saliva on his f inger and applied it t o Ali's eyes. T he eyes were at once cured and t he Prophet handed over t he st andard t o him.

Madarijun-Nubuwwah proceeds to state the following: “Then Ali started with the flag in his hand and, reaching under the fort of Qamus, planted the standard on a rock. A rabbi who
was watching from the fort asked, `O standard- bearer! Who are you?' Ali replied, `I am Ali son of Abu Talib.' The rabbi called unto his people, `B y the Torah, you will be
defeated! This man will not go back without winning the battle.'” Shaikh `Abdul- Haqq, the Dehlavimuhaddith (traditionist), author of Madarijun-Nubuwwah, states the following:
“Perhaps that Jew was well informed of Ali's valour and had seen his praises in the Torah.”

He further states the following in his afore- mentioned book:

Al-Harit h, brot her of Marhab (t he most courageous Jewish warrior), f irst sallied f ort h f rom t he f ort wit h a huge spear whose point weighed
about 3 mounds 26 . In his immediat e at t ack, he killed a number of Muslim vet erans. T hen Ali proceeded t owards him and killed him in one
st roke. When Marhab was inf ormed of his brot her's plight , he rushed out of t he f ort accompanied by some of t he bravest soldiers f rom t he
Khaybar garrison t o avenge his brot her's deat h. It is said t hat Marhab was t he st rongest , t allest , and t he most f ierce among t he warriors of
Khaybar and t hat none equalled him in his might . T hat day, he was armed t wice over, wearing double armour wit h t wo swords dangling by
his sides. He was also wearing t wo t urbans wit h a helmet over and above. He marched ahead in t he bat t lef ield singing about his own valour.
Nobody among t he Muslims dared t o f ight him in t he bat t lef ield. Ali, t heref ore, dart ed out , recit ing about his own valiance in response t o
Marhab's. Taking t he init iat ive, Marhab at t acked Ali wit h his sword. But Ali avoided t he blow and rendered wit h T hul-Fiqar such a f orcef ul
blow on Marhab's head t hat it cut t hrough t he lat t er's helmet , t he double t urban, t he head, t ill it reached t he man's t hroat . According t o
some narrat ives, Marhab was cut up t o his t high, in ot hers t hat it t ore him int o t wo part s upon t he saddle. Marhab t ook his way t o t he
hereaf t er in t wo pieces. T hen t he Muslims under t he command of Ali began f ight ing t he Jews. Ali himself killed seven generals of t he Jewish
f orces everyone of whom was considered t o be most valiant . Af t er t hese had been killed, t he remnant s of t he Jewish t roops ran helt er-
skelt er t owards t heir f ort . Ali f ollowed t hem in hot pursuit . In t his rush, one Jew delivered a blow t o Ali's hand wherein he carried his shield.
T he shield f ell down. Anot her Jew picked it up and made good wit h his boot y. T his inf uriat ed Ali and who was now st rengt hened wit h such a
spirit ual f orce and divine st rengt h t hat he jumped across t he moat and came st raight t o t he door of t he iron gat e. He dislodged it f rom it s
hinges, held it up as a shield and resumed f ight ing.

According to Ibn Hisham's Sirat, and according to Al-Tarikh al-Kamil and Abul- Fida's Tarikh, Abu Rafi` is cited saying, “When the Prophet gave the flag to Ali and bade him fight
the forces of Khaybar, we, too, accompanied him. When Ali was a short distance from the fort, fighting all along, a Jew struck a blow on his hand with such a force that the shield
Ali was holding fell down. Ali at once pulled out a part of the gate of Khaybar, held it up as a shield and fought till Allah granted him a clear victory. Once the fighting was over, he
threw it away. It was so heavy that eight men from among us could hardly turn it over from one side to the other.”

An agreement was reached with the Jews of Khaybar. Their lands and movable property were left in their hands. They were allowed to practice their religion freely. In return for
the protection they would receive, they were required to pay the Muslims half the produce of their lands. The Prophet maintained the right to turn them out of their lands whenever
he so decided. The battle of Khaybar is important as it put an end to the Jewish resistance and, for the first time, a non- Muslim people were made “Protected Persons” of the
Muslim commonwealth.

On the same day, Ja`fer ibn Abu Talib returned from Ethiopia. The Prophet said: “I do not know on which blessing of Allah I should thank Him more: on the victory of Khaybar or
on the return of Ja`fer?!”

SAFIYYA THE JEWESS

Safiyya daughter of Huyay ibn al- Akhtab, the Jewish arch- enemy of the Prophet of Islam, was the wife of Kinanah ibn al- Rabee` ibn Abul- Haqiq, a Jewish chief. She embraced
Islam during those days. She had seen in a vision the moon falling from the heavens into her lap. Her husband, having listened to her narrate her vision, violently slapped her,
hurting her eye. He taunted her of having desired the domain of Hijaz under Muhammed's control. When she fell in captivity, she managed to reach the Prophet. She was wearing
the mark of a bruise on her eyelid caused by Kinanah striking her only on account of narrating that dream to her. Muhammed welcomed her into the folds of his nation and offered
to marry her. She welcomed his offer and the marriage was soon solemniz ed.

JEWESS TRIES TO POISON MUHAMMED

While the Prophet was still in Khayber, a Jewess presented him with a dressed and grilled lamb just when he was about to be served his dinner. Expressing his gratitude for the
present, the Prophet took the shoulder, his favourite part, to eat, giving the man sitting next to him, namely Bishr ibn Ma`rur, a Khaz rajite Ansar who had courageously
participated in the battles at Badr and Uhud, another piece and passing pieces to other sahaba who were present there and then as was always his habit. As soon as the
Prophet tasted the lamb, he realiz ed that it did not taste right. Rather than swallowing it, he spat it out. Meanwhile, Bishr had already swallowed some of the meat. He collapsed
and died instantly. Conducting an intensive inquiry, the companions of the Prophet came to know that that lamb had been prepared by a Jewish captive who was summoned and
interrogated. She defended herself by saying that that was her revenge for the loss of her father, brother, husband and other relatives, for the devestation wrought by the Muslims
on her people and “country.” She added saying that if Muhammed were a true Prophet, he would discover the mischief before any harm afflicted him; but if he were a pretender,
he would fall a victim to her scheme and the Jews would be saved from his tyranny.

There are two different stories as to what happened to that Jewess. One says that she was put to death there and then. Another tells quite a different story. Following is the
narration of the same incident by a grandson of the Prophet, namely Imam Ali ibn Muhammed, peace and blessings of the Almighty be upon him and all the Progeny of Prophet
Muhammed:

When t he Messenger of Allah ret urned f rom Khaybar t o Medina, af t er having won a great vict ory (over t he Jews), a Jewess who had
pret ended t o have accept ed Islam t ook a lamb's shoulder and cooked it . Put t ing it bef ore t he Prophet , she said, “O Messenger of Allah!
May bot h my parent s be sacrif iced f or your sake! I was very much concerned about you when you came out t o meet t he host s at Khayber,
f or I know t hat t hey are very t ough people. I know t hat t he shoulder is your f avourit e, and grilling is your f avourit e met hod of cooking, so I
made a vow (nathr) t hat if Allah saved you f rom t hem, I would slaught er a lamb f or you and f eed you f rom it s grilled shoulder. Now Allah has
saved you f rom t hem and grant ed you vict ory over t hem, I have brought you my nathr.” In t he company of t he Prophet t here were men such
as al-Bara' ibn Ma`rur and Ali ibn Abu Talib. T he Messenger of Allah said, “Bring me some bread.” Once t he bread was brought , al-Bara'
st ret ched his hand and t ook a morsel of t he meat and put it in his mout h. Ali ibn Abu Talib, peace be upon him, said t o him, “O Bara'! You
should not do anyt hing ahead of t he Prophet .” Al-Bara' was a bedouin. He said t o Ali, “O Ali! It seems as if you are calling t he Messenger of
Allah miser!” Ali said, “I never make such an implicat ion about t he Messenger of Allah; on t he cont rary, I respect and revere him. Neit her I, nor
you, nor any of Allah's creat ion should say somet hing or do somet hing or eat or drink bef ore t he Messenger of Allah does so.” “I never imply
t hat t he Messenger of Allah is miser, eit her.” Ali said, “T his is not why I said what I said. But t his woman who used t o be Jewish has come
here and we do not know her very well. If you eat of it according t o t he order of t he Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be
upon him and his progeny, he will be t he one t o guarant ee your saf et y. But if you eat it wit hout an order f rom t he Messenger of Allah, peace
and blessings of Allah be upon him and his progeny, you will be on your own.” Ali cont inues t o narrat e t his st ory saying t hat meanwhile, al-
Bara' was chewing his morsel. It is t hen t hat t he shoulder spoke out and said, “O Messenger of Allah! Do not eat of me, f or I am poisoned!”
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 Al-Bara' f ell a vict im t o t he swoon of deat h. He was not lif t ed f rom t he ground except t o be buried. T he Messenger of Allah said, “Bring me
t hat woman.” She was brought t o him. “What made you do what you did?,” t he Prophet asked her. She said, “You have caused me a great
disast er, indeed. You have killed my f at her, my uncle, my husband, my brot her, and my son, so I did what I did saying t o myself , `If he were a
king, I would seek revenge against him, but if he were a prophet , as he claims, having promised t o conquer Mecca and t o bring vict ory, Allah
will prot ect him f rom it (f rom t he poison), and it will not harm him.” T he Messenger of Allah said, “O woman, you have said t he t rut h.” T hen he
added, “Do not be f ooled by t he deat h of al-Bara', f or Allah caused him t o f all int o a t rial and t ribulat ion on account of his doing somet hing
bef ore t he Messenger of Allah. Had he eat en of it wit h t he permission of t he Messenger of Allah, it would not have harmed him nor poisoned
him.” T hen t he Prophet ordered a number of his companions t o be brought t o him including Salman, Miqdad, Abu T harr, `Ammar, Suhayb,
Bilal, and ot her sahaba t ot alling t en in number in addit ion t o Ali. Once t hey were all present , t he Prophet t old t hem t o sit down around t he
f ood like a circle. T hen t he Prophet put his hand on t he poisoned shoulder, blew of his breat h over it , t hen said, “In t he Name of Allah al-Shafi,
t he Healer; in t he Name of Allah al-Mu`afi, t he One Who grant s good healt h; not hing at all can harm when His Name is invoked, nor any
ailment , not in t he eart h, nor in t he heavens, and He is t he Hearing, t he Knowing.” T hen he added, “Eat in t he Name of Allah.” T he Messenger
of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his progeny, at e of it , and t hey, t oo, at e of it t o t heir f ill. T hen t hey drank wat er. T he
Prophet ordered t he Jewess t o be imprisoned.

On t he next day, he ordered her brought t o him. “Did you not see wit h your own eyes how t hese men at e of t hat poisoned f ood? Did
you not see how Allah prot ect ed His Messenger and His Messenger's sahaba?” T he woman said, “Yes, I have, O Messenger of Allah! Bef ore
now, I had ent ert ained serious doubt s about you being a Prophet , but now I am cert ain t hat you are, indeed, t he Messenger of Allah;
t heref ore, I t est if y t hat : T here is no god except Allah, t he One and Only God Who has no part ner, and t hat you are His servant and
Messenger.” Her act ions t est if ied t o t he soundness of her convict ion.27

The name of that Jewess is given in al- Majlisi's Bihar al-Anwar as Zainab daughter of al- Harith ibn Salam ibn Mashkam, niece of the same Marhab referred to above.

Then it was time to bury al- Bara' ibn Ma`rur. The Prophet inquired about Ali and was told that he had gone for an errand for one of the Muslims. The Prophet, hearing that, sat
down. The sahaba asked him as to why he sat down instead of proceeding with the funeral rituals. He said, “Allah, the most Exalted and the most Great, ordered me to postpone
the performance of the prayers for al- Bara' till Ali returns so that he would forgive him for what he had said in the presence of the Prophet, so that He may consider his death by
this poison an atonement for his sins.” Some of those who were present during the entire incident said to the Prophet, “O Messenger of Allah! He was only jesting! He was simply
teasing Ali! He was not serious at all; so, how can Allah take him so seriously?” The Prophet said, “Had he been serious, Allah would have wiped out all his good deeds even if
he had spent what is between the earth and the `Arsh by way of charity in gold and silver, but he was, indeed, jesting, so he is excused. But the Messenger of Allah does not
desire any of you to think that Ali was angry with him. He, therefore, will renew in your presence his sentiments towards him, and so that he may seek Allah's forgivenes for him.
Allah will then bring him (Bara') closer to Him and grant him a loftier status in His Paradise.” Shortly thereafter Ali returned and stood before the coffin to say: “O Bara'! May Allah
have mercy on you. You used to fast and to stand for the prayers, and you have died in the way of Allah.” The Messenger of Allah then said, “Had any deceased person not
needed the Messenger of Allah to perform his funeral prayers, your fellow here (meaning Bara') would have found such a supplication from Ali sufficient.” Then he stood up,
performed the funeral prayers for Bara' ibn Ma`rur and had him buried. He went thereafter to attend the Fatiha majlis for him.” 28

By the way, “Zainab” was a common name before the advent of Islam. One of the most famous women who carried this name was the last pagan Arab queen of Tadmur,
Palmyra, kingdom of Nabatean Arabs, till Roman emperor Aurelianus (Aurelian), who ruled Rome from 270 to 275 A.D., destroyed her kingdom in 273 A.D. She is known as
Queen Zaynab or Zenobia, a bedouin corruption of “Zainab.”

[To Be Continued…, Insha-Allah]

26 A mound is a measure of weight varying f rom a f ew pounds t o 84 pounds according t o t he cust om of t he area.

27 al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. 17, pp. 318-319.

28 al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. 17, pp. 319-320.

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