Industrial organization

In economics, industrial organization or industrial economy is a field that builds on the theory of the firm
by examining the structure of (and, therefore, the boundaries between) firms and markets. Industrial
organization adds real-world complications to the perfectly competitive model, complications such as
transaction costs,[1] limited information, and barriers to entry of new firms that may be associated with
imperfect competition. It analyzes determinants of firm and market organization and behavior as between
competition[2] and monopoly,[3] including from government actions.

There are different approaches to the subject. One approach is descriptive in providing an overview of
industrial organization, such as measures of competition and the size-concentration of firms in an industry.
A second approach uses microeconomic models to explain internal firm organization and market strategy,
which includes internal research and development along with issues of internal reorganization and
renewal.[4] A third aspect is oriented to public policy as to economic regulation,[5] antitrust law,[6] and,
more generally, the economic governance of law in defining property rights, enforcing contracts, and
providing organizational infrastructure.[7][8]

The extensive use of game theory in industrial economics has led to the export of this tool to other branches
of microeconomics, such as behavioral economics and corporate finance. Industrial organization has also
had significant practical impacts on antitrust law and competition policy.[9]

The development of industrial organization as a separate field owes much to Edward Chamberlin,[10] Joan
Robinson, Edward S. Mason,[11] J. M. Clark,[12] Joe S. Bain[13] and Paolo Sylos Labini, among
others.[14][15]

Contents
Subareas
Market structures
Areas of study
History of the field
See also
Notes
References
Journals
External links

Subareas
The Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification codes are one way of representing the range of
economics subjects and subareas. There, Industrial Organization, one of 20 primary categories, has 9
secondary categories, each with multiple tertiary categories.[16] The secondary categories are listed below
with corresponding available article-preview links of The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics Online
and footnotes to their respective JEL-tertiary categories and associated New-Palgrave links.

JEL: L1 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L1) – Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance[17]
JEL: L2 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L2) – Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior[18]
JEL: L3 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L3) – Non-profit organizations and Public enterprise[19]
JEL: L4 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L4) – Antitrust Issues and Policies[20]
JEL: L5 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L) – Regulation and Industrial policy[21]
JEL: L6 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L6) – Industry Studies: Manufacturing[22]
JEL: L7 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L7) – Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction[23]
JEL: L8 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L8) – Industry Studies: Services[24]
JEL: L9 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L9) – Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities[25]

Market structures
The common market structures studied in this field are the following:

Perfect competition
Monopolistic competition
Duopoly
Oligopoly
Oligopsony
Monopoly
Monopsony

Areas of study
Industrial organization investigates the outcomes of these market structures in environments with

Price discrimination
Product differentiation
Durable goods
Experience goods
Secondary markets, which can affect the behaviour of firms in primary markets.
Collusion
Signalling, such as warranties and advertising.
Mergers and acquisitions
Entry and Exit
History of the field
A 2009 book Pioneers of Industrial Organization traces the development of the field from Adam Smith to
recent times and includes dozens of short biographies of major figures in Europe and North America who
contributed to the growth and development of the discipline.[26]

Other reviews by publication year and earliest available cited works those in 1970/1937,[14] 1972/1933,[27]
1974,[28] 1987/1937-1956 (3 cites), 1968-9 (7 cites).[29] 2009/c. 1900,[30] and 2010/1951.[31]

See also
Bertrand competition
Bertrand–Edgeworth model
Competition policy
Cournot competition
Input-output model
Important publications in industrial organization
Structure-conduct-performance paradigm

Notes
1. • R. H. Coase, 1937. "The Nature of the Firm", Economica, N.S., 4(16), pp. 386–405 (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20120113105151/http://www.sonoma.edu/users/e/eyler/426/coase1.pdf).
• _____, 1988. "The Nature of the Firm: Influence", Journal of Law, Economics, &
Organization, 4(1), pp. 33 (https://www.jstor.org/pss/765013)–47. Reprinted in The Nature of
the Firm: Origins, Evolution, and Development, 1993, O. E. Williamson and S, G. Winter, ed.,
pp. 61–74 (https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=VXIDgGjLHVgC&oi=fnd&pg=PA61&
ots=RFe6lqpPv0&sig=7C6VuEwnEcuBa-E5HS8yWJ0LC_I#v=onepage&q&f=false).
• _____, 1991. "The Institutional Structure of Production (https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_pri
zes/economics/laureates/1991/coase-lecture.html)", Nobel Lecture, reprinted in 1992,
American Economic Review, 82(4), pp. 713 (https://www.jstor.org/pss/2117340)–719.
• Oliver E. Williamson, 1981. "The Economics of Organization: The Transaction Cost
Approach", American Journal of Sociology, 87(3), pp. 548–577 (https://web.archive.org/web/20
141018232235/http://glenn.osu.edu/faculty/brown/home/Org%20Theory/Readings/Williamson1
981.pdf).
• _____, 2009. "Transaction Cost Economics: The Natural Progression (http://nobelprize.org/n
obel_prizes/economics/laureates/2009/williamson_lecture.pdf)", Nobel Lecture. Reprinted in
2010, American Economic Review, 100(3), pp. 673–90.
2. George J. Stigler, [1987] 2008. "competition", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd
Edition. Abstract. (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_C000261&editio
n=)
3. • Luigi Zingales, 2008. "corporate governance", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,
2nd Edition. Abstract. (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_C000370&e
dition=current&q=governance%20&topicid=&result_number=1)
• Oliver E. Williamson, 2002. "The Theory of the Firm as Governance Structure: From Choice
to Contract", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(3), pp. 171–195. (http://pubs.aeaweb.org/d
oi/pdfplus/10.1257/089533002760278776)
• Frederic M. Scherer and David Ross, 1990. Industrial Market Structure and Economic
Performance, 3rd ed. Description (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=149671
6) and 1st ed. review extract (https://www.jstor.org/pss/3003013).
• Dennis W. Carlton and Jeffrey M. Perloff, 2004. Modern Industrial Organization, 4th edition,
pp. 2–3. Description. (http://www.lavoisier.fr/notice/frSWORK23A3RW32O.html)
4. • Frederic M. Scherer and David Ross, 1990. Industrial Market Structure and Economic
Performance, 3rd ed. Description (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=149671
6) and 1st ed. review extract (https://www.jstor.org/pss/3003013).
• Dennis W. Carlton and Jeffery M. Perloff, 2004. "Modern Industrial Organization, Overview",
ch. 5, Handbook of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, v. 1, pp. 259–327. Fudenberg, Drew;
Tirole, Jean (1989). "Chapter 5 Noncooperative game theory for industrial organization: An
introduction and overview". Handbook of Industrial Organization Volume 1. Handbook of
Industrial Organization. 1. pp. 259–327. doi:10.1016/S1573-448X(89)01008-3 (https://doi.org/1
0.1016%2FS1573-448X%2889%2901008-3). ISBN 9780444704344.
• Carl Shapiro, 1989. "The Theory of Business Strategy", RAND Journal of Economics, 20(1),
pp. 125 (https://www.jstor.org/pss/2555656)–137.
• Kyle Bagwell and Asher Wolinsky (2002). "Game theory and Industrial Organization", ch. 49,
Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications, v. 3, pp. 1851–1895 Bagwell, Kyle;
Wolinsky, Asher (2002). "Chapter 49 Game theory and industrial organization". Handbook of
Game Theory with Economic Applications Volume 3. Handbook of Game Theory with
Economic Applications. 3. pp. 1851–1895. doi:10.1016/S1574-0005(02)03012-6 (https://doi.or
g/10.1016%2FS1574-0005%2802%2903012-6). ISBN 9780444894281.
• Martin Shubik, 1987. A Game-Theoretic Approach to Political Economy, Part II. MIT Press.
Description (http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?tid=5086&ttype=2). Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20110503182202/http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id
=1496716) May 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
5. Richard Schmalensee and Robert Willig, eds., 1989. Handbook of Industrial Organization,
Elsevier, v. 2, Part 5, Government Intervention in the Marketplace, ch. 22–26, abstract links. (ht
tp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/handbooks/1573448X/2)
6. • Richard A. Posner, 2001. Antitrust Law, 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press. Preview. (http
s://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vV3i8XCzc8cC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq==false)
• D. L. Rubinfeld, 2001. "Antitrust Policy", International Encyclopedia of the Social &
Behavioral Sciences, pp. 553–560. Posner, Richard A. (2009-04-22). Antitrust Law, Second
Edition (https://web.archive.org/web/20170107191058/https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&
lr=&id=vV3i8XCzc8cC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq==false). ISBN 9780226675787. Archived from the
original on January 7, 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
7. • Avinash K. Dixit, 2008. "economic governance", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,
2nd Edition. Abstract. (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_E000260&e
dition=current&q=)
• Oliver E. Williamson, 1996. The Mechanisms of Governance, "Prologue", pp. 3 (https://book
s.google.com/books?id=meERBVysP6YC&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false)–20.
 8. • George J. Stigler, 1983. The Organization of Industry, University of Chicago Press.
Description and contents links (https://archive.today/20111107161440/http://www.press.uchica
go.edu/presssite/metadata.epl?isbn=9780226774329) and preview. (https://books.google.com/
books?id=j6SOJv8OeHAC&printsec=find&pg=PA1=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false)
• Richard Schmalensee, 1988. "Industrial Economics: An Overview", Economic Journal,
98(392), pp. 643 (https://www.jstor.org/pss/2233907)–681. Working paper link (http://dspace.mi
t.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/48172/industrialeconom00schm.pdf?s.).
• Handbook of Industrial Organization, Elsevier:

Richard Schmalensee and Robert Willig, ed., 1989. v. 1. Links to description & contents
(http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/601119/description#descri
ption) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121002032608/http://www.elsevier.com/w
ps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/601119/description#description) 2012-10-02 at the
Wayback Machine & (partial) chapter outlines. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ha
ndbooks/1573448X/1)
_____, ed., 1989. v. 2. Links to description & contents (http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/
bookdescription.cws_home/601120/description#description) Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20121002032632/http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_hom
e/601120/description#description) 2012-10-02 at the Wayback Machine and chapter
outlines. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/handbooks/1573448X/2)
Mark Armstrong and Robert Porter, ed., 2007. v. 3. Links to description (https://books.goo
gle.com/books?id=bvrn72h8dDwC), chapter-content descriptions (http://www.elsevier.co
m/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/601121/description#description) Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20121002032713/http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescriptio
n.cws_home/601121/description#description) 2012-10-02 at the Wayback Machine

9. Exemplified in such advanced textbooks as Jean Tirole, 1988, The Theory of Industrial
Organization, MIT Press, description (https://archive.org/details/theoryofindustri00jean) and
chapter-preview links. (https://archive.org/details/theoryofindustri00jean)
10. • Edward Hastings Chamberlin, 1933. The Theory of Monopolistic Competition: A Re-
orientation of the Theory of Value, 1965, 8th ed. Harvard University Press.
• R. Rothschild, 1987. "The Theory of Monopolistic Competition: E.H. Chamberlin's Influence
on Industrial Organisation Theory over Sixty Years", Journal of Economic Studies, 14(1), pp.
34–54. Abstract (http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1709405).
• William L. Baldwin, 2007. "Edward Hastings Chamberlin", in Pioneers of Industrial
Organization, H. W. de Jong, W. G. Shepherd, ed., pp. 199– (https://books.google.com/books?
id=TpfrPPOFWUIC&pg=PA199=false#v=onepage&q&f=false).
11. Edward S. Mason, 1939. "Price and Production Policies of Large-Scale Enterprise", American
Economic Review, 29(1, Supplement), pp. 61 (https://www.jstor.org/pss/1806955)–74.
• _____, 1949. "The Current Status of the Monopoly Problem in the United States", 'Harvard
Law Review, 62(8), pp. 1265 (https://www.jstor.org/pss/1336466)–1285.
• _____, 1957. Economic Concentration and the Monopoly Problem, Harvard University
Press. Review extract (https://www.jstor.org/pss/1234950).
• William G. Shepherd, 2007. "Edward S. Mason", in Pioneers of Industrial Organization, H.
W. de Jong, W. G. Shepherd, ed.
12. J.M. Clark, 1940. Toward a Concept of Workable Competition (https://www.jstor.org/pss/18070
48). American Economic Review, Vol. 30, No. 2, Part 1, Jun., pp. 241–256
• William L. Baldwin, 2007. "John Maurice Clark" in Pioneers of Industrial Organization, H. W.
de Jong, W. G. Shepherd, ed., pp. 183–186 (https://books.google.com/books?id=TpfrPPOFW
UIC&pg=PA183&lpg=PA183&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false).
13. • Joe S. Bain, 1956. Barriers to New Competition: Their Character and Consequences in
Manufacturing, Harvard University Press. Review extracts [1] (https://www.jstor.org/discover/1
0.2307/1811245?uid=3739936&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101828169287)[2] (https://
www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2097589?uid=3739936&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=2110
1828169287).
• _____, 1959, 2nd ed., 1968. Industrial Organization: A Treatise, John Wiley.
• Richard E. Caves, 2007. "Joe S. Bain", in Pioneers of Industrial Organization, H. W. de Jong,
W. G. Shepherd, ed., pp. 224–231 (https://books.google.com/books?id=TpfrPPOFWUIC&pg=P
A224&lpg=PA224&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false).
14. E. T. Grether, 1970. "Industrial Organization: Past History and Future Problems", American
Economic Review, 60(2), pp. 83 (https://www.jstor.org/pss/1815790)–89.
15. Oliver E. Williamson, ed., 1990. Industrial Organization, Edward Elgar. Description (http://www.
e-elgar.co.uk/Bookentry_DESCRIPTION.lasso?id=593) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20110722004854/http://www.e-elgar.co.uk/Bookentry_DESCRIPTION.lasso?id=593) 2011-07-
22 at the Wayback Machine and article list. (http://www.e-elgar.co.uk/Bookentry_contents.lass
o?id=593) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141024124906/http://www.e-elgar.co.uk/Bo
okentry_contents.lasso?id=593) 2014-10-24 at the Wayback Machine23 articles, dating from
1937 to 1987.
16. A complete list of the JEL Industrial Organization codes is at JEL classification
codes#Industrial organization JEL: L Subcategories.
17. JEL: L10 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L10) – General
JEL: L11 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L11) – Production, Pricing, and Market structure; Size Distribution of Firms
JEL: L12 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L12) – Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
JEL: L13 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L13) – Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
JEL: L14 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L14) – Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
JEL: L15 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L15) – Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
JEL: L16 – Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural
Change; Industrial Price Indices
JEL: L17 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L17) – Open Source Products and Markets
18. JEL: L20 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L20) – General
JEL: L21 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L21) – Business Objectives of the Firm
JEL: L22 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L22) – Firm Organization and Market Structure
JEL: L23 – Organization of Production
JEL: L24 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L24) – Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology licensing
JEL: L25 – Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
JEL: L26 – Entrepreneurship
19. JEL: L31 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L31) – Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs
JEL: L32 – Public enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises
JEL: L33 – Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting out
20. JEL: L40 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L40) – General
JEL: L41 – Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
JEL: L42 – Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
JEL: L43 – Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
JEL: L44 – Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional
Organizations
21. JEL: L51 – Economics of Regulation
JEL: L52 – Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
JEL: L53] – Enterprise Policy
22. JEL: L61 – Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
JEL: L62 – Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment
JEL: L63 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L63) – Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
JEL: L64 – Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
JEL: L65 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L65) – Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology
JEL: L66 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L66) – Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits
JEL: L67 – Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
JEL: L68 – Appliances; Other Consumer Durables
23. JEL: L71 – Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
JEL: L72 – Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
JEL: L73 – Forest Products
JEL: L74 – Construction
JEL: L78 – Government Policy
24. JEL: L80 (http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=&field=content&edition=all
&topicid=L80) – General
JEL: L81 – Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce
JEL: L82 – Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Broadcasting, Publishing, etc.)
JEL: L83 – Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
JEL: L84 – Personal, Professional, and Business Services
JEL: L85 – Real Estate Services
JEL: L86 – Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
JEL: L87 – Postal and Delivery Services
JEL: L88 – Government Policy
25. JEL: L91 – Transportation: General
JEL: L92 – Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
JEL: L93 – Air transportation
JEL: L94 – Electric utilities
JEL: L95 – Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
|JEL: L96 – Telecommunications
JEL: L97 – Utilities: General
JEL: L98 – Government Policy
26. Henry W. de Jong and William G. Shepherd, ed., 2007. Pioneers of Industrial Organization.
Cheltenham, UK: Elgar. Description and content links (http://www.e-elgar.com/Bookentry_DES
CRIPTION.lasso?id=3125) and preview (https://books.google.com/books?id=TpfrPPOFWUIC&
printsec=find&pg=PA3=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false). Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20110807190244/http://www.e-elgar.com/Bookentry_DESCRIPTION.lasso?id=3125) August
7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
27. James W. McKie, 1972. "Industrial Organization: Boxing the Compass", ch. 1 in V. R. Fuchs,
ed., Policy Issues and Research Opportunities in Industrial Organization, NBER, pp. 1-15 (http
s://www.nber.org/chapters/c7615.pdf).
28. Almarin Phillips and Rodney E. Stevenson, 1974. "The Historical Development of Industrial
Organization", History of Political Economy, 6(3), pp. 324–342. In Papers from the First
Conference of the History of Economics Society. Citation (http://hope.dukejournals.org/content/
6/3/324.citation).
29. Timothy F. Bresnahan and Richard Schmalensee, 1987. "The Empirical Renaissance in
Industrial Economics: An Overview", Journal of Industrial Economics, 35(4), pp. 371 (https://w
ww.jstor.org/pss/2098578)–378.
30. Lefteris Tsoulfidis, 2009. "Between Competition and Monopoly", Competing Schools of
Economic Thought, ch. 9, pp. 213 (https://books.google.com/books?id=8L2Zoui099UC&printse
c=find&pg=PA213=onepage&q&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false)–42. Springer (https://archive.t
oday/20130203011622/http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-540-92692-4)
31. Liran Einav and Jonathan Levin, 2010. "Empirical Industrial Organization: A Progress Report",
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(2), pp. 145–162. (http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.
1257/jep.24.2.145)

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Journals
International Journal of the Economics of Business (http://www.tandfonline.com/action/aboutTh
isJournal?journalCode=cijb20) and issue preview links (http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cijb20)
International Journal of Industrial Organization (http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescri
ption.cws_home/505551/description#description) and issue-preview links (http://www.scienced
irect.com/science/journal/01677187)
Journal of Industrial Economics (https://web.archive.org/web/20090710083755/http://www.wile
y.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0022-1821), Aims and Scope (https://web.archive.org/web/2011111
2145416/http://www.wiley.com/bw/aims.asp?ref=0022-1821&site=1), and issue-preview links.
(http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-6451/issues)
 Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization (http://jleo.oxfordjournals.org/) and issue-
preview links. (http://jleo.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year)
Review of Industrial Organization

External links
Quotations related to Industrial organization at Wikiquote

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