Religion and philosophy

(Unit-4)

Religion and philosophy in ancient India

Medieval India
Religious reform movement in modern India
Religion and Philosophy
in ancient India
 Definition
• धारणाद्धर्ममिर्मत्याहुः धर्म धारयते प्रजाः।
यत्स्याद्धारणसंयक्त ु ं स धर्म इतित मि श्चयः॥
(र्महाभारत)

• यतोऽभ्यद
ु यमि ःश्रेयससिसतिद्धः स धर्मः (वैशेमि(क दश )

• धृतितः क्षर्मा दर्मोस्तेयं शौचमिर्मन्द्रि/0यमि ग्रहः।

धीर्विवद्या सत्यर्मक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणर्म्॥
(र्महाभारत)
Concept of Religion in ancient India

Natural
laws
Way of
Behaviors
living

√धृ
धारणे
Characteristics of Dharma
धृतितः
(Patience)
अक्रोधः
क्षर्मा
(Non-
(Forgivene
aggression
ss)
)

दर्मः
सत्य (Control
(Truth) on
behavior)

Dharma

अस्तेयर्म्
मिवद्या
(Non-
(Wisdom)
Stealing)

धी
(Reasoning शौचर्म्
) इन्द्रि/0य–मि ग्रह
(Control on
Sensual
behavior)
Dharma and Philosophy

Philosophy
Dharma
 Dharma and Philosophy

Understanding
of Behavior

Understanding
Way of life
of World

Philosophy
Indian Systems of Philosophy
(Atheist)

Buddhism
Jainism
Charvaka
Indian Systems of Philosophy
(Non-Atheist)

Vedanta
Meemansha
Samkhya
Vaisheshik
Nyaya
 Ancient Indian Philosopher
1. Charvaka Charvaka No Books

2. Jainism Mahaveer jain Jainagama

3. Buddhism Mahatma Buddha Tripitak

4. Nyaya Maharishi Goutam Nyaya Sootra

5. Vaisheshik Kanaada Vaisheshik Sootra

6. Samkhya Kapil muni Samkhya Sootra

7. Yoga Patanjali Yoga Sootra

8. Meemansha jaimini Meemansha Sootra

9. Vedanta Badarayan vyas Brhamsootra

Religion and Philosophy
(Medieval)
 Islam
Persian
Sikhism
Christianity
 Religion Reform Movements
Hindu Reform Movements
 Aryasamaj
 Brahmasamaj
 Ramakrishana Mission
 Theosophical society

Muslim Reform movements

 Aligarh Movement
 Vahabi Movement
 Ahmadiya Movement
 Devbanda movement