CLASS –XII MATHEMATICS NCERT SOLUTIONS

Application of Derivatives
Exercise 6.2
Answers
1. Given: f ( x ) = 3 x + 17
∴ f ' ( x ) = 3 (1) + 0 = 3 > 0 i.e., positive for all x ∈ R
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly increasing on R.

2. Given: f ( x ) = e2 x
d
∴ 2 x = e2 x ( 2 ) = 2e 2 x > 0
f ' ( x ) = e2 x i.e., positive for all x ∈ R
dx
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly increasing on R.

3. Given: f ( x ) = sin x
∴ f ' ( x ) = cos x
 π
(a) Since, f ' ( x ) = cos x > 0, i.e., positive in first quadrant, i.e., in  0,  .
 2
 π
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly increasing in  0,  .
 2
π 
(b) Since, f ' ( x ) = cos x < 0, i.e., negative in second quadrant, i.e., in  , π  .
2 
π 
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly decreasing in  , π  .
2 
 π
(c) Since f ' ( x ) = cos x > 0, i.e., positive in first quadrant, i.e., in  0,  and f ' ( x ) = cos x < 0,
 2
π  π  π
i.e., negative in second quadrant, i.e., in  , π  and f '   = cos = 0 .
2  2 2
∴ f ' ( x ) does not have the same sign in the interval ( 0, π ) .
Therefore, f ( x ) is neither increasing nor decreasing in ( 0, π ) .

4. Given: f ( x ) = 2 x 2 − 3x ⇒ f '( x) = 4x − 3 ……….(i)

3
Now 4x − 3 = 0 ⇒ x=
4
 3 3 
Therefore, we have two intervals  −∞,  and  , ∞  .
 4 4 

Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
 3 
(a) For interval  , ∞  , taking x = 1, (say), then from eq. (i), f ' ( x ) > 0.
4 
3 
Therefore, f is strictly increasing in  , ∞  .
4 
 3
(b) For interval  −∞,  , taking x = 0.5, (say), then from eq. (i), f ' ( x ) < 0.
 4
 3
Therefore, f is strictly decreasing in  −∞,  .
 4

5. Given: f ( x ) = 2 x3 − 3x 2 − 36 x + 7 ⇒ f ' ( x ) = 6 x 2 − 6 x − 36 = 6 ( x 2 − x − 6 )
⇒ f ' ( x ) = 6 ( x + 2 )( x − 3) ……….(i)
Now 6 ( x + 2 )( x − 3) = 0 ⇒ x + 2 = 0 or x − 3 = 0
⇒ x = −2 or x = 3
Therefore, we have sub-intervals are ( −∞, −2 ) , ( −2,3) and ( 3, ∞ ) .
For interval ( −∞, −2 ) , taking x = −3 (say), from eq. (i), f ' ( x ) = ( + )( − )( − ) = ( + ) > 0
Therefore, f is strictly increasing in ( −∞, −2 ) .
For interval ( −2,3) , taking x = 2 (say), from eq. (i), f ' ( x ) = ( + )( + )( − ) = ( − ) < 0
Therefore, f is strictly decreasing in ( −2,3) .
For interval ( 3, ∞ ) , taking x = 4 (say), from eq. (i), f ' ( x ) = ( + )( + )( + ) = ( + ) > 0
Therefore, f is strictly increasing in ( 3, ∞ ) .
Hence, (a) f is strictly increasing in ( −∞, −2 ) and ( 3, ∞ ) .
(b) f is strictly decreasing in ( −2,3) .

6. (a) Given: f ( x ) = x2 + 2 x − 5 ⇒ f ' ( x ) = 2 x + 2 = 2 ( x + 1) ……….(i)

Now 2 ( x + 1) = 0 ⇒ x = −1
Therefore, we have two sub-intervals ( −∞, −1) and ( −1, ∞ ) .
For interval ( −∞, −1) taking x = −2 (say), from eq. (i), f ' ( x ) = ( − ) < 0
Therefore, f is strictly decreasing.
For interval ( −1, ∞ ) taking x = 0 (say), from eq. (i), f ' ( x ) = ( + ) > 0
Therefore, f is strictly increasing.

(b) Given: f ( x ) = 10 − 6 x − 2 x 2 ⇒ f ' ( x ) = −6 − 4 x = −2 ( 3 + 2x ) ……….(i)

Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
 −3
Now −2 ( 3 + 2 x ) = 0 ⇒ x=
2
 −3   −3 
Therefore, we have two sub-intervals  −∞,  and  , ∞  .
 2   2 
 −3 
For interval  −∞,  taking x = −2 (say), from eq. (i), f ' ( x ) = ( − )( − ) = ( + ) > 0
 2 
Therefore, f is strictly increasing.
 −3 
For interval  , ∞  taking x = −1 (say), from eq. (i), f ' ( x ) = ( − )( + ) = ( − ) < 0
 2 
Therefore, f is strictly decreasing.

(c) Given: f ( x ) = −2 x 3 − 9 x 2 − 12 x + 1 ⇒ f ' ( x ) = −6 x 2 − 18 x − 12

⇒ f ' ( x ) = −6 ( x 2 + 3 x + 2 ) = −6 ( x + 1)( x + 2 ) ……….(i)
Now −6 ( x + 1)( x + 2 ) = 0 ⇒ x = −1 or x = −2
Therefore, we have three disjoint intervals ( −∞, −2 ) , ( −2, −1) and ( −1, ∞ ) .
For interval ( −∞, −2 ) , from eq. (i), f ' ( x ) = ( − )( − )( − ) = ( − ) < 0
Therefore, f is strictly decreasing.
For interval ( −2, −1) , from eq. (i), f ' ( x ) = ( − )( − )( + ) = ( + ) > 0
Therefore, f is strictly increasing.
For interval ( −1, ∞ ) , from eq. (i), f ' ( x ) = ( − )( + )( + ) = ( − ) < 0
Therefore, f is strictly decreasing.

(d) Given: f ( x ) = 6 − 9 x − x2 ⇒ f ' ( x ) = −9 − 2 x

−9
Now −9 − 2 x = 0 ⇒ x=
2
 −9   −9 
Therefore, we have three disjoint intervals  −∞,  and  , ∞  .
 2   2 
 −9  −9
For interval  −∞,  , x<
 2  2
Therefore, f is strictly increasing.
 −9  −9
For interval  , ∞  , x>
 2  2
Therefore, f is strictly decreasing.

f ( x ) = ( x + 1) ( x − 3) f ' ( x ) = ( x + 1) .3 ( x − 3) + ( x − 3) .3 ( x + 1)
3 3 3 2 3 2
(e) Given: ⇒

Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
 f ' ( x ) = 3 ( x + 1) ( x − 3 ) ( x + 1 + x − 3)
2 2
⇒

f ' ( x ) = 3 ( x + 1) ( x − 3) ( 2 x − 2 ) f ' ( x ) = 6 ( x + 1) ( x − 3) ( x − 1)
2 2 2 2
⇒ ⇒

Here, factors ( x + 1) and ( x − 3) are non-negative for all x.

2 2

Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly increasing if f ' ( x ) > 0 ⇒ x − 1 > 0 ⇒ x > 1

And f ( x ) is strictly decreasing if f ' ( x ) < 0 ⇒ x − 1 < 0 ⇒ x < 1
Hence, f is strictly increasing in (1, ∞ ) and f is strictly decreasing in ( −∞,1) .

2x
7. Given: y = log (1 + x ) −
2+ x
 d d 
dy 1 d  ( 2 + x ) dx ( 2 x ) − 2 x dx ( 2 + x ) 
∴ = (1 + x ) −  
dx 1 + x dx (2 + x)
2
 
 
1  ( 2 + x) 2 − 2x  1 ( 4 + 2x − 2) = 1 − 4
= −  = −
1 + x  ( 2 + x ) 2
 1 + x (2 + x)
2
1 + x ( 2 + x )2

dy ( 2 + x ) − 4 (1 + x )
2
x2
⇒ = = ……….(i)
(1 + x )( 2 + x ) (1 + x )( 2 + x )
2 2
dx
Domain of the given function is given to be x > −1 ⇒ x + 1 > 0
Also ( 2 + x ) > 0 and x 2 ≥ 0
2

dy
∴ From eq. (i), ≥ 0 for all x in domain x > −1 and f is an increasing function.
dx

f ( x ) = y = ( x ( x − 2))
dy d
= 2 x ( x − 2 )  x ( x − 2 ) 
2
8. Given: ⇒
dx dx
dy  d d 
⇒ = 2 x ( x − 2)  x ( x − 2) + ( x − 2) x [Applying Product Rule]
dx  dx dx 
dy
⇒ = 2 x ( x − 2 ) [ x + x − 2] = 2 x ( x − 2 )( 2 x − 2 ) = 4 x ( x − 2 )( x − 1) ……….(i)
dx
⇒ x = 0, x = 2, x = 1
Therefore, we have ( −∞, 0 ) , ( 0,1) , (1, 2 ) , ( 2, ∞ )
dy
For ( −∞, 0 ) taking x = −1 (say), = ( − )( − )( − ) = ( − ) ≤ 0
dx
∴ f ( x ) is decreasing.
1 dy
For ( 0,1) taking x = (say), = ( + )( − )( − ) = ( + ) ≥ 0
2 dx

Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
 ∴ f ( x ) is increasing.
dy
For (1, 2 ) taking x = 1.5 (say), = ( + )( − )( + ) = ( − ) ≤ 0
dx
∴ f ( x ) is decreasing.
dy
For ( 2,∞ ) taking x = 3 (say), = ( + )( + )( + ) = ( + ) ≥ 0
dx
∴ f ( x ) is increasing.

4sin θ
9. Given: y= −θ
( 2 + cos θ )
dy ( 2 + cos θ ) .4 cos θ − 4 sin θ ( − sin θ ) 8 cos θ + 4 cos 2 θ + 4 sin 2 θ
⇒ = − 1 = −1
dθ ( 2 + cos θ ) ( 2 + cos θ )
2 2

dy 8 cos θ + 4 ( cos θ + sin θ ) − ( 2 + cos θ ) 8 cos θ + 4 − ( 2 + cos θ )

2 2 2 2

⇒ = =
dθ ( 2 + cos θ ) ( 2 + cos θ )
2 2

dy ( 8 cos θ + 4 ) − ( 4 + 4 cos θ + cos θ ) 4 cos θ − cos 2 θ cos θ ( 4 − cos θ )

2

⇒ = = =
dθ ( 2 + cos θ ) ( 2 + cos θ ) ( 2 + cos θ )
2 2 2

π
Since 0 ≤ θ ≤ and we have 0 ≤ cos θ ≤ 1 , therefore 4 − cos θ > 0.
2
dy π
∴ ≥ 0 for 0 ≤ θ ≤
dθ 2
 π
Hence, y is an increasing function of θ in 0,  .
 2

1
10. Given: f ( x ) = log x ⇒ for all x in ( 0, ∞ ) .
f '( x) =
x
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly increasing on ( 0, ∞ ) .

11. Given: f ( x ) = x2 − x + 1 ⇒ f '( x ) = 2x −1

1
f ( x ) is strictly increasing if f ' ( x ) > 0 ⇒ 2x −1 > 0 ⇒ x>
2
1 
i.e., increasing on the interval  ,1
2 
1
f ( x ) is strictly decreasing if f ' ( x ) < 0 ⇒ 2x −1 < 0 ⇒ x<
2
 1
i.e., decreasing on the interval  −1, 
 2

Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
 hence, f ( x ) is neither strictly increasing nor decreasing on the interval ( −1,1) .
12. (A) f ( x ) = cos x ⇒ f ' ( x ) = − sin x
π  π
Since 0< x< in  0,  , therefore sin x > 0 ⇒ − sin x < 0
2  2
 π
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly decreasing on  0,  .
 2
(B) f ( x ) = cos 2 x ⇒ f ' ( x ) = −2sin 2 x
π
Since 0< x< ∴ 0 < 2x < π therefore sin 2 x > 0 ⇒ −2sin 2 x < 0
2
 π
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly decreasing on  0,  .
 2
(C) f ( x ) = cos 3x ⇒ f ' ( x ) = −3sin 3x
π 3π
Since 0< x< ∴ 0 < 3x <
2 2
For 0 < 3x < π sin 3x > 0 ⇒ −3sin 3x < 0
 π
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly decreasing on  0,  .
 3
3π
For π < 3 x < sin 3x < 0 ⇒ −3sin 3x > 0
2
π π 
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly increasing on  ,  .
3 2
 π
Hence, f ( x ) is neither strictly increasing not strictly decreasing on  0,  .
 2
(D) f ( x ) = tan x ⇒ f ' ( x ) = sec 2 x > 0
 π
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly increasing on  0,  .
 2
13. Given: f ( x ) = x100 + sin x − 1 ⇒ f ' ( x ) = 100 x 99 + cos x
(A) On (0, 1), x > 0 therefore 100 x 99 > 0
And for cos x ⇒ (0, 1 radian) = ( 0,57° nearly ) > 0
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly increasing on (0, 1).
 π   11 22 
(B) For 100x 99 x ∈  , π  =  ,  = (1.5, 3.1) > 1 and hence 100x 99 > 100
2  7 7 
π 
For cos x  , π  is in second quadrant and hence cos x is negative and between −1 and
2 
0.

Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
 π 
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly increasing on  , π  .
2 
 π
(C) On  0,  = (0, 1.5) both terms of given function are positive.
 2
 π
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly increasing on  0,  .
 2
(D) Option (D) is the correct answer.
14. f ( x ) = x 2 + ax + 1 ⇒ f '( x) = 2x + a
Since f ( x ) is strictly increasing on (1, 2), therefore f ' ( x ) = 2 x + a > 0 for all x in (1, 2)
∴ On (1, 2) 1< x < 2 ⇒ 2 < 2x < 4 ⇒ 2 + a < 2x + a < 4 + a
∴ Minimum value of f ' ( x ) is 2 + a and maximum value is 4 + a.
Since f ' ( x ) > 0 for all x in (1, 2)
∴ 2 + a > 0 and 4 + a > 0 ⇒ a > −2 and a > −4
Therefore least value of a is −2.

1 1 x2 −1
15. Given: f ( x ) = x + = x + x −1 ⇒ f ' ( x ) = 1 + ( −1) x = 1 − 2 = 2
−2

x x x

⇒ f '( x) =
( x − 1)( x + 1) ……….(i)
x2
Here for every x either x < −1 or x > 1
( − )( − ) = + > 0
f '( x) =
∴ for x < −1 , x = −2 (say), ( )
(+)
f '( x) =
( + )( + ) = + > 0
And for x > 1 , x = 2 (say), ( )
(+)
∴ f ' ( x ) > 0 for all x ∈ I ( −∞, ∞ ) , hence f ( x ) is strictly increasing on I.

1 d 1
16. Given: f ( x ) = log sin x ⇒ f '( x) = sin x = cos x = cot x
sin x dx sin x
 π
On the interval  0,  i.e., in first quadrant, f ' ( x ) = cot x > 0
 2
 π
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly increasing on  0,  .
 2
π 
On the interval  , π  i.e., in second quadrant, f ' ( x ) = cot x < 0
2 
π 
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly decreasing on  , π  .
2 

Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
 1 d 1
17. Given: f ( x ) = log cos x ⇒ cos x = ( − sin x ) = − tan x
cos x dx cos x
 π
On the interval  0,  i.e., in first quadrant, tan x is positive, thus f ' ( x ) = − tan x < 0
 2
 π
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly decreasing on  0,  .
 2
π 
On the interval  , π  i.e., in second quadrant, tan x is negative thus f ' ( x ) = − tan x > 0
2 
π 
Therefore, f ( x ) is strictly increasing on  , π  .
2 
18. Given: f ( x ) = x3 − 3x 2 + 3x − 100 ⇒ f ' ( x ) = 3 x 2 − 6 x + 3 = 3 ( x 2 − 2 x + 1)

f ' ( x ) = 3 ( x − 1) ≥ 0 for all x in R.

2
⇒
Therefore, f ( x ) is increasing on R.

dy d d 2
19. Given: f ( x ) =  y = x 2 e− x  ⇒ = x2 e− x + e− x x = x 2 e− x ( −1) + e− x ( 2 x )
dx dx dx
dy
⇒ = − x 2 e − x + 2 xe − x = xe − x ( − x + 2 )
dx
dy x ( 2 − x )
⇒ =
dx ex
dy
In option (D), > 0 for all x in the interval (0, 2).
dx
Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks