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RAPHSON
METHOD
NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD
f ( x) = 0
x=a f (a ) f (a ) f (b ) 0
x=b f (b )
x0 (a , b )
f ( x0 )
x1 = x0 −
f ( x0 )
f ( x1 )
x2 = x1 −
f ( x1 )
f ( xk −1 )
xk = xk −1 − , k = 3, 4,5,......etc.
f ( xk −1 )
xk − xk −1 0
𝑌
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥1
𝑥3 𝑋
𝑥2 𝑥0
f ( x0 )
x1 = x0 −
f ( x0 )
f ( x1 )
x2 = x1 −
f ( x1 )
Problem 1: Find the root of the equation x sin ( x) + cos ( x) = 0 ,using Newton-
Raphson method.
f ( x) = x sin ( x) + cos ( x)
f ( x) = x sin ( x) + cos ( x)
for , x = 2, then f (2) = 2sin (2) + cos (2)
for , x = 3, then f (3) = 3sin (3) + cos (3)
=1.40 0
= − 0.56 0
d d
f ( x) = x sin ( x) + sin ( x) x − sin ( x)
f ( x) = x cos ( x)
dx dx f ( xn ) = xn cos ( xn )
f ( x) = x cos ( x) + sin ( x) − sin ( x)
= x cos ( x)
So from (1), we get
xn sin ( xn ) + cos ( xn )
xn +1 = xn −
xn cos ( xn )
Now Putting n = 0 and Let , the initial value, x0 = 2.79 in the above equation of (1)
Iteration 1:
x0 sin ( x0 ) + cos ( x0 )
x0+1 = x0 −
x0 cos ( x0 )
f ( x) = x 2 − 4sin ( x) f ( x) = x 2 − 4sin ( x)
for x = a = 1, then f (a ) = a − 4sin (a)
2
for x = b = 2, then f (b) = b 2 − 4sin (b)
Since f (1) and f (2) are of opposite sign , so at least one real root lies between 1 and 2.