General Science

The Earth & its Neighbors

Let us first asses how well we know the planet we inhabit by accomplishing
the table below;

Earth’s Data Record

Shape: ___________________
Size: __________________
Number of Rotation:
__________________
(per day)
Circumstance: __________________
Revolution of the Sun: _______________
Age : ____________________
(approximate)
Its Satellite: ___________________
Inclination of Axis: _________________
Diameter: __________________
Distance of the Sun: _________________

The earth just like people has neighbors also. Draw the earth as it belongs to
a family of planets called Solar System.

Here is the table summarizing the information about the

Planets.

Planets Diamet Average Distance from Period of Period Number

er the sun (km) Rotation of of
Revoluti Moons
on
Mercury 4875.2 57,900,000 58.7 days 88 days 0
Venus 12, 108,200,000 243 days 224.7 0
134.4 days
Earth 12, 148,800,000 24 hours 365 days 1
683.4
 Mars 6, 752.0 228,000,000 24.6 687 days 2
hours
Jupiter 138, 778,400,000 9.8 hours 11.86 16
880.0 years
Saturn 120, 1,429,400,000 10.6 29.5 18
160.0 hours years
Uranus 51, 120 2,875,000,000 17.24 84 years 5
hours
Neptune 49, 4,504,300,000 16 hours 165 years 8
400.0
Pluto 5920.0 5,900,100,000 6.4 days 248 years 1
Based on the table, answer the following question .

1. Which planet has the most number of moons?

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_

2. Which planet is farthest from the sun?

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_

3. Which planet has no moon?

____________________________________________________________________________
4. Which planet has the longest period of evolution?
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_

5. Which planet has the smallest diameter?

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_

6. Which planet has the longest period of rotation?

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_

7. Which planet has the biggest diameter?

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_

8. What is the difference in the period of rotation of Saturn and the Earth?
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_

9. Which planet has the least period of rotation?

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_
 10. Which planet is nearest to the Sun?
___________________________________________________________________________
_

BIODIVERSITY

Our home planet, Earth, is thickly populated with a variety of living

organism, from a minute bacterium to a complex huge mammal. Flowering
plants, trees, weeds, big and small animals, mean and tame alike thrive
our environment. The diversity of species had prompted biologist to look
and make a thorough study of their structural characteristics. Microscope
and other tools aided in viewing into the internal structure of different
species enabling them to be compared and contrasted with others. This
biological phenomena lead us to the concept of BIODIVERSITY. What is
Biodiversity refers to the numbers, variety and variability of living
species on earth. In order to assess your knowledge in this topic, here is a test
especially designed for you.

Choose the letter of the correct answer and circle the corresponding to it.
1. The following result in variation among living organism except one.
a. Mutation c. Cloning
b. Genetic Recombination d. Cell Division

2. Species change through time by evolution. Which doesn’t involve evolution.

a. Variation c. phylogeny
b. Speciation d. population

3. Which characteristics is not shared by all species?

a. They all have cells.
b. They have the ability to reproduce.
c. They are able to adapt to their environment.
 d. They can make their own food.

4. In order to understand how life started, fossils of remains of organism are

studied. Based on fossil record. What is the earth’s estimated age?
a. 6-7 billion c. 4.5-5 billion
b. 9-10 billion d. 1-2 billion

5. When species are exposed to radiation, chances of creating drastic change in

their genes are possible. This is called _________.
a. Variation c. specification
b. Mutation d. diversity

6. Classification of living organisms is important in order to _________.

a. Assign specific names for them.
b. Describe their structure and tell differences.
c. Group them into families.
d. Combine them with other organism.
7. The use of common names in classifying or naming organism was replaced
by __________.
a. Chemical names c. scientific names
b. Biological names d, physical names

8. The science that deals with the nomenclature of living organism.

a. Biology c. taxonomy
b. Physics d. paleontology

9. The father of taxonomy who classified plants and animals.

a. Robert Hooke c. John Dalton
b. Michael Faradey d. Carolus LInnalds

10.The lowest level at which evolution operates.

a. Genus c. community
b. Species d. population
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Let us now arrange the levels of classification of living organisms.

Put the items on the ladder to establish correct sequence.
You may refer to the box under it for easy reference.

17._________

16._________

15._________
 14._________

13.________

12._______

11.________
Class Family Genus Species
Phylum Order Kingdom

SYSTEM BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

To establish major classification among different organisms, Carolus Linnaeus

devised a Two Kingdom Scheme namely;
18. _________________________________ and 19.
__________________________________
(photosynthetic microorganisms (heterotrophic single
called organisms).
Bard hetetrophic fungi)

Ernst Haeckel gave the third kingdom, 20. ______________________________, to

classify unicellular organisms such as protozoa, algae and bacteria. This is
known as the
21. _________________________ scheme.

Herbert Copeland proposed the fourth kingdom of bacteria and blue green
algae (Cyanobacteria of today).

Today the Kingdom Classification Scheme is recognized upon Robert

Whittaker’s isolation or separation of fungi among photosynthetic
microorganisms because it is incapable of producing food. It was therefore
placed under 22._______________________________ where yeasts and
mushrooms belong also.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

DIVERSITY AMONG MICROORGANISMS

______________________________________________________________________________
KINGDOM MONERA 400
SUBKINGDOM Archaebacteriobionta
(archaebacteria)
 DIVISION Archaebacteriophyta (methane, salt,
and sulfolobus bacteria)
SUBKINGDOM Eubacteriobionta (true bacteria)
DIVISION Eubacteriophyta
Class Eubacteriae (unpigmented purple
And green Sulphur bacteria) 2000
Class Cyanobacteriae
(blue-green bacteria) 1275
Class Prochlorobacteriae (prochlorobacteria) 3

KINGDOM PROTOCISTA (Protista) 83 000

SUBKINGDOM Phycobionta
(plantlike protoctists, algae) 29 000
DIVISION Cholorophyta (green algae) 7 000
DIVISION Phaeophyta (brown algae) 1500
DIVISION Rhodophyta (red algae) 4000
(campbell, 1993) to 5200 (Bahr, 1997)
DIVISION Xanthophyta (yellow-green algae) 275
DIVISION Chrysophyta (golden-brown algae)
850
DIVISION Dinophyta (syn. Prrrophyta, dinoflagellates)
1100
DIVISION Bacillariophyta9diatoms) 11 500
DIVISION Cryptophyta (cryptophytes) 74
DIVISION Haptophyta (haptonema organisms)
250
DIVISION Euglenophyta (euglenas) 800
SUBKINGDOM Mastigobionta
(animal-like protocists, protozoa) 52 000
PHYLUM Ciliophora (ciliates) 8 000
PHYLUM Actinopoda (radiolarians and heliozoans)
PHYLUM Rhizopoda (syn. Sarcodina, amoebae)
PHYLUM Foraminifera (forams)
PHYLUM Zoomastigophora (syn. Mastigophora,
zooflagellates) 40 000
PHYLUM Apicomplexa 3 900
SUBKINGDOM Myxobionta
(funguslike protocists) 1 800
DIVISION Myxomycota (trues slime molds) 500
DIVISION Acrasiomycota (cellular slime molds)
21
DIVISION Oomycota (water molds) 580
DIVISION Chytfidiomycota (chytrids) 750
KINGDOM FUNGI 107 000
DIVISION Zygomycota ( coenocytic or
multinucleate fungi ) 570
DIVISION Ascomycota (cup fungi) 56 000
 DIVISION Basidiomycota (cup fungi) 25 000
DIVISION Deuteromycota (cup fungi) 22 000
DIVISION Lichens 13 500

Based on the table presented, obtain the data asked affixing your answer
on the space provided.

1. Name the two sub-kingdoms under kingdom under kingdom Monera where
unicellular bacteria belong.

2. If kingdom Monera has an approximate population of 4000, about how many

below to Subkingdom Archaebacteriobionta?

3. Name the divisions of Kingdom Protoctista.

4. To what sub-kingdom do fungus-like protocists belong.

5. Imperfect fungi belong to what dvision?

6. Which among the three kingdom of microorganisms is considered largest population or colony?

7. Make a comparative display of information on the three Kingdoms with respect to their
abundance. A graphical representation of data is highly preferred. The tittles are as follow.

A. Kingdom Monera and their Relative Abundance.

B. Kingdom Protocista and their Relative Abundance.

C. Kingdom Fungi and their Relative Abundance