2020. március 23.

, hétfő 15:42

Phonetics & Phonology - Introduction

2020. március 23., hétfő
12:50
•Pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism :
The process of articulation/speech production is called pulmonic
egressive airstream mechanism.

•Pulmonic:
The source of the air used in the speech is the lungs and that is why
they call it pulmonic.

•Regressive:
This is the direction of the airflow in the lungs which is out warded.

• Other languages use different kinds of airstream mechanism e.g.:

ejective or clicks. This is not really typical for Indo-European
languages.

•Place of articulation:
Speech sounds are classified by where the vocal tract modification takes
place.

The manner of articulation:

•
Where the modification is carried out.

• How active the vocal cords are:

1. Vibrate: voiced sounds
2. Do not vibrate: voiceless sounds

• Segmental features of speech:

• Manner
• Place
• Voicing

• Suprasegmental feature:
These are words which are situated "above" segments.
Affects the elements which are higher up in the hierarch of linguistics
untits (syllables,phrases,sentences).

•Two most significant supresegmental features:

1. Stress - never a single consonant or vowel is stressed
2. Intonation

•Syllable:
The combination of consonants and vowels

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The combination of consonants and vowels

• Phonetics:
Scientific study of segmental and supresegmental features of sounds.
Does not only deals with the process of accumulation (speech
production), accoustics ( way speech travells in the air) and speech
perception ( referred as auditory phonetics).

• Phonology:
• Deals with speech and also sounds.
• Borrows the term and notion of phonetics.
• Uses them as a tool to achieve the ultimate objective.
• Describes the functions of the segments have in speech:
relationship, various systems and patterns they constitute.

-The same phonetic object can serve as an independant unit:

phoneme,as a positional variant (allophone) of a phoneme.

• Word pair / Minimal pair:

Pair of words that vary by only a single sound./f/ /v/ ; fan van

• Complementary distribution:
Relationship between two phonetically similar segments. It exists when
one segment occurs in an environment where the other segment never
occurs (pill spill ; till still ; kill skill)

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