Chapter 27: Basic Genetics - Multiple-Choice Questions

HKDSE BIOLOGY—Concepts and Applications Chapter 27
Question Bank Multiple-choice questions
Chapter 27: Basic Genetics - Multiple-choice questions

|!|BIEMB0270000001|!| |!|COEMB0270000001|!|
* The DNA of a bacterium contains 15% of cytosine (C). What is the percentage of
thymine (T) in the genome of this bacterium?
A. 15%
B. 30%
C. 35%
D. 70%
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
Mathematical skills 1
|!|BIEMB0270000002|!| |!|COEMB0270000002|!|
* A woman with blood group AB has married a man with blood type O. What is the
percentage of their child having the blood type of B?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
□
##A##
Skill assessed Mark
Applying concepts 1
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -1-

|!|BIEMB0270000003|!| |!|COEMB0270000003|!|
* Directions: Questions (a) to (c) refer to the pedigree below, which shows the inheritance
of a genetic disease in a family. The genetic disease is controlled by a pair
of allele.
1 2 normal male
affected male
3 4 5 6 normal female
affected female
7 8 9
(a) Which of the following can be deduced from the pedigree above?
A. The disease-causing allele is dominant.
B. The disease-causing allele is recessive.
C. The disease-causing allele is located on the sex chromosome.
D. The genetic disease is caused by the mutation of the pair of allele.
□
(b) Deduce, from the pedigree, the possible genotype of individuals 3 and 6.
Individual 3 Individual 6
A. homozygous homozygous
B. heterozygous homozygous
C. homozygous or heterozygous homozygous or heterozygous
D. homozygous homozygous or heterozygous
□
(c) If individuals 7 and 8 are twins, which of the following statements about the two
individuals is correct?
A. They must look alike.
B. If individual 7 have the genetic disease, individual 8 would also have the genetic
disease.
C. They are developed from different fertilised eggs.
D. They have the same DNA fingerprint.
□
##(a)B, (b)C, (c)C##
Skill assessed Mark(s)
(a) Analysing data 1
(b) – (c) Applying concepts 2
|!|BIEMC0270000004|!| |!|COEMC0270000004|!|
RNA does not consist of

A. adenine.
B. cytosine.
C. guanine.
D. thymine.
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark
Understanding basic concepts 1
|!|BIEMC0270000005|!| |!|COEMC0270000005|!|
DNA does not consist of
A. adenine.
B. cytosine.
C. uracil.
D. guanine.
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000006|!| |!|COEMC0270000006|!|
Which of the following comparisons between DNA and RNA is correct?
DNA RNA
A. single-stranded polynucleotides double-stranded polynucleotides
B. regulates protein synthesis regulates carbohydrate synthesis
C. consists of thymine consists of uracil
D. present in the nucleus absent in the nucleus
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark

|!|BIEMC0270000007|!| |!|COEMC0270000007|!|
Which of the following statements about DNA is / are correct?
(1) DNA determines the amino acid sequence of a protein.

(2) DNA is present in the nucleus.
(3) Adenine pairs with guanine in a DNA molecule.
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000008|!| |!|COEMB0270000008|!|
* Which of the following statements about chromosomes is / are correct?
(1) Chromosomes cannot be found in bacteria.

(2) Chromosomes appear as chromatin during prophase.
(3) Chromosomes are DNA associated with proteins.
A. (3) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000009|!| |!|COEMB0270000009|!|
* A student wrote the following description about DNA.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is present in all human cells. It is the carrier

of genetic information and is transferred from one generation to the next. It is
usually associated with a particular protein to form a chromosome. DNA
replication begins when the chromosomes separate during cell division.

The description above contains several mistakes. Which of the following are the correct
statements of DNA?
(1) DNA is not present in all human cells.

(2) DNA is not associated with proteins in chromosomes.
(3) DNA replication begins before cell division.
A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark
Applying concepts 1
|!|BIEMC0270000010|!| |!|COEMC0270000010|!|
Directions: Questions (a) and (b) refer to the passage below which is about DNA.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

DNA serves as the carrier of genetic information in many living
organisms. Its basic units are nucleotides. The figure below shows the
structure of a nucleotide.
Phosphate
Deoxyribose Nitrogenous base
There are four kinds of nucleotides in DNA. They are classified based on
the four different nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C)
and guanine (G). The sequence of the four different nucleotides along the
DNA helps determine what types of proteins to be produced. DNA is mainly
present in the nucleus, but it is also found in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
(a) Which of the following is / are the elements present in a DNA molecule?
(1) phosphorus
(2) nitrogen
(3) oxygen

A. (1) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
(b) Human DNA can direct the synthesis of
(1) DNA polymerase.

(2) insulin.
(3) vitamin C.
A. (2) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##(a)D, (b)B##
Skill assessed Mark
(a) Understanding basic concepts 1
(b) Applying concepts 1
|!|BIEMC0270000011|!| |!|COEMC0270000011|!|
The following shows some substances involved in heredity. Arrange these substances in
ascending order of size.
(1) nucleotide
(2) thymine
(3) chromosome
(4) nucleus
A. (1) → (2) → (3) → (4)

B. (2) → (1) → (3) → (4)
C. (3) → (4) → (1) → (2)
D. (4) → (3) → (2) → (1)
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark

|!|BIEMC0270000012|!| |!|COEMC0270000012|!|
In Mendel’s breeding experiment to study the inheritance of pea plants, the flower was
enclosed in a bag after cross pollination in order to
A. increase humidity around the flower.
B. protect the flower from mechanical damage.
C. shield sunlight.
D. prevent further pollination.
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark
Practical skills 1
|!|BIEMC0270000013|!| |!|COEMC0270000013|!|
Which of the following statements about red-green colour blindness is incorrect?
A. It is a sex-linked characteristic.
B. It is more common in females than in males.
C. It is caused by deficiency of red or green cone cells.
D. The allele for red-green colour blindness is recessive.
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000014|!| |!|COEMC0270000014|!|
Which of the following human characteristics shows discontinuous variation?
A. height
B. weight
C. sex
D. intelligence quotient (IQ)
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark

|!|BIEMC0270000015|!| |!|COEMC0270000015|!|
Which of the following diseases is / are sex-linked?
(1) haemophilia
(2) night blindness
(3) albinism
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##A##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000016|!| |!|COEMB0270000016|!|
* A man of blood group AB marries a woman of blood group B. They will not give birth
to a child of blood group
A. A.
B. B.
C. AB.
D. O.
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark
Applying concepts 1
|!|BIEMB0270000017|!| |!|COEMB0270000017|!|
* A boy has a sister of blood group O and a brother of blood group AB. Which of the
following can be his blood group?
(1) O
(2) A
(3) B
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□

##D##
Skill assessed Mark
Applying concepts 1
|!|BIEMC0270000018|!| |!|COEMC0270000018|!|
Which of the following statements about the different blood groups is incorrect?
A. Antigens A are present on the surface of red blood cells in persons with blood
group A.
B. Both antigens A and B are present on the surface of red blood cells in persons with
blood group AB.
C. People with blood group B produce anti-B antibodies.
D. People with blood group O produce anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000019|!| |!|COEMC0270000019|!|
Which of the following factors can lead to haemophilia?
(1) gene mutation

(2) inheritance of recessive alleles for haemophilia
(3) deficiency of calcium in the diet
A. (1) only
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1) and (3) only
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000020|!| |!|COEMB0270000020|!|
* Mrs. Chan has blood group B and she gave birth to a son with blood group A and a
daughter with blood group O. What is the probability that Mr. and Mrs. Chan will have
another girl with blood group A?
A. 0.75
B. 0.5
C. 0.25
D. 0.125
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000021|!| |!|COEMB0270000021|!|
* People with blood group A can receive blood from people with blood group(s)
(1) A.
(2) O.
(3) B.
A. (1) only
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1) and (3) only
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
Applying concepts 1
|!|BIEMC0270000022|!| |!|COEMC0270000022|!|
Which of the following combination(s) correctly compares autosomes and sex
chromosomes of humans?
Autosomes Sex chromosomes

(1) 22 pairs in a gamete One pair in a gamete
(2) present in body cells absent in body cells
(3) do not contain alleles controlling contain alleles controlling colour
colour blindness blindness
A. (1) only
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1) and (3) only
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark

|!|BIEMB0270000023|!| |!|COEMB0270000023|!|
* Directions: Questions (a) and (b) refer to the following table which shows the number
of round seeds and wrinkled seeds produced by a pea plant which had been
cross-pollinated.
Seed shape Number of seeds

Round 28
Wrinkled 8
(a) Given that the allele for round seeds (R) is dominant to the allele for wrinkled
seeds (r), which of the following is / are the genotype(s) of the parent plants?
(1) RR
(2) Rr
(3) rr
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (2) and (3) only
□
(b) What proportion of seeds produced is homozygous for the seed shape?
A. 0.25
B. 0.5
C. 0.75
D. 0
□
##(a)B, (b)B##
Skill assessed Mark
(b) Mathematical skills 1
|!|BIEMB0270000024|!| |!|COEMB0270000024|!|
* Two plants of the genotypes TT and Tt (T represents the allele for tallness and t
represents the allele for shortness) were crossed and produced 100 offspring. Which of
the following most probably shows the number(s) and the phenotype(s) of the
offspring?
A. 50 tall, 50 short
B. 75 tall, 25 short
C. 100 tall
D. 100 short
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000025|!| |!|COEMB0270000025|!|
* A maize cob has 21 red grains and 79 yellow grains. Which of the following statements
about the genotypes of the parent plants is correct?
A. Both are heterozygous.
B. Both are homozygous recessive.
C. One of them is heterozygous and the other is homozygous recessive.
D. One of them is homozygous dominant and the other is heterozygous.
□
##A##
Skill assessed Mark
Applying concepts 1
|!|BIEMC0270000026|!| |!|COEMC0270000026|!|
Which of the following combinations correctly shows the types of variations of height
and blood group in humans?
Height Blood group
A. discontinuous variation continuous variation
B. discontinuous variation discontinuous variation
C. continuous variation continuous variation
D. continuous variation discontinuous variation
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000027|!| |!|COEMC0270000027|!|
Which of the following is the least probable cause that leads to difference in the
appearance of two identical twins when they have grown up?
A. degree of exercise
B. temperature variation of the living places
C. nutritional difference
D. genetic mutation
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000028|!| |!|COEMC0270000028|!|
Which of the following statements about DNA is / are correct?
(1) A DNA molecule consists of two long chains of nucleotides.

(2) DNA controls the synthesis of different enzymes.
(3) DNA contains ribose.
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000029|!| |!|COEMB0270000029|!|
* In ABO blood groups, the allele for blood group B (IB) is dominant while the allele for
blood group O (i) is recessive.
The genotypes of Ian and his wife, Vienna are IBi and ii respectively, with respect to
their blood groups. What is the probability for them to give birth to a baby girl with
blood group B?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%
□
##A##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000030|!| |!|COEMC0270000030|!|
Alleles are
A. all the genes on the same chromosome.
B. two adjacent genes on one chromosome.
C. alternative forms of a gene.
D. genes that determine the same characteristic.
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark

|!|BIEMB0270000031|!| |!|COEMB0270000031|!|
* Directions: Questions (a) to (c) refer to the following information: Two insects with
grey wing-cases interbred and the female laid 80 eggs. Of the F1 offspring
that hatched from these eggs, 57 had grey wing-cases and 18 had black
wing-cases.
(a) Which of the following is the percentage of eggs that failed to hatch?
A. 6.25%
B. 22.5%
C. 71.25%
D. 93.75%
□
(b) If two of the F1 offspring with black wing-cases interbreed, the percentage of F2
offspring with black wing-cases will be
A. 25%.
B. 50%.
C. 75%.
D. 100%.
□
(c) If one of the F1 offspring with black wing-cases interbreeds with one of its parents,
the percentage of offspring with grey wing-cases will be
A. 0%.
B. 25%.
C. 50%.
D. 100%.
□
##(a)A, (b)D, (c)C##
Skill assessed Marks
(a) – (c) Mathematical Skills 3
|!|BIEMB0270000032|!| |!|COEMB0270000032|!|
* The stigmas of pure-breeding short pea plants were dusted with pollens from
heterozygous tall pea plants of the same species. The stigmas were then covered to
avoid contamination by other pollens. The seeds resulting from this cross were allowed
to germinate to produce the next generation. What are the approximate percentages of
tall and short offspring?
Tall Short
A. 25% 75%
B. 50% 50%
C. 75% 25%
D. 100% 0%
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark
Mathematical Skills 1
|!|BIEMB0270000033|!| |!|COEMB0270000033|!|
* Directions: Questions (a) and (b) refer to the information below: In pea plants, the allele
for tallness (T) is dominant to that for shortness (t). A cross was made
between a tall plant and a short plant. About half of the pea plants in the F1
generation were tall and the other half were short.
(a) The genotypes of the parents were
A. TT and Tt.
B. Tt and Tt.
C. TT and tt.
D. Tt and tt.
□
(b) If the tall plants of F1 generation were allowed to self-pollinate, what percentage
of the F2 generation would be expected to be tall?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%
□
##(a)D, (b)C##
Skill assessed Mark
(a) Applying concepts 1
(b) Mathematical Skills 1
|!|BIEMC0270000034|!| |!|COEMC0270000034|!|
Which of the following is / are the component(s) of a chromosome?
(1) DNA
(2) RNA
(3) proteins
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□

##B##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000035|!| |!|COEMC0270000035|!|
Which of the following was / were the reason(s) why Gregor Mendel chose pea plants
for carrying out the breeding experiments?
(1) Their characteristics could easily be recognised.

(2) They could grow in large numbers.
(3) They could reproduce quickly.
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000036|!| |!|COEMC0270000036|!|
The following diagram shows the cross between a pure-breeding tall pea plant and a
pure-breeding short pea plant.
Parents
(pure-breeding):
short
tall
First filial (F1)

generation:
all tall
Which of the following statements about the cross is / are correct?
(1) All the F1 plants are heterozygous.

(2) Tallness is the dominant characteristic.
(3) If the F1 plants were allowed to self-pollinate, the ratio of tall plants to short plants
in the F2 generation would be about 1 : 1.

A. (2) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark
Analysing data 1
|!|BIEMB0270000037|!| |!|COEMB0270000037|!|
* The following genetic diagram shows a cross between two plants with axial flower.
The allele for axial flower (flower in the leaf node) is represented by A and the allele for
terminal flower (flower at the tip of the shoot) is represented by a.
Parents: Aa Aa
Gametes: A a A a
F1 generation: AA Aa Aa aa
Based on the genetic diagram, which of the following statements about the F1
generation is / are correct?
(1) The phenotypic ratio of F1 generation (AA : Aa : aa) is 1 : 2 : 1.

(2) About 25% of the F1 generation has terminal flowers.
(3) About 75% of the F1 generation has axial flowers.
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
Analysing data 1

|!|BIEMB0270000038|!| |!|COEMB0270000038|!|
* A mother has four boys and is going to have the fifth child. What is the probability of
her fifth child being a girl?
A. 1/2
1
B. /4
1
C. /5
1
D. /32
□
##A##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000039|!| |!|COEMB0270000039|!|
* The diagram below shows the inheritance of the tongue rolling ability in a family.
Tongue rolling ability is a dominant characteristic and its allele is represented by letter
R.
RR RR (grandparents) rr rr
RR rr
(father) (mother)
Rr
(children)
According to the above diagram, among the children,

A. half of them can roll their tongues.
B. all of them can roll their tongues.
C. only the boys can roll their tongues.
D. only the girls can roll their tongues.
□
##B##
Analysing data 2
|!|BIEMC0270000040|!| |!|COEMC0270000040|!|
Which of the following statements about DNA replication is incorrect?
A. It involves the complementary base pairing.
B. It is facilitated by DNA polymerase.
C. It occurs during interphase in cells.
D. It occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.
□

##D##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000041|!| |!|COEMB0270000041|!|
* Directions: Questions (a) and (b) refer to the following information: In guinea pigs, the
allele for short hair is dominant to the allele for long hair.
(a) A heterozygous short-haired guinea pig is crossed with a long-haired one to
produce the F1 generation. The offspring in the F1 generation would be
A. all short-haired.
B. 25% short-haired and 75% long-haired.
C. 50% short-haired and 50% long-haired.
D. 75% short-haired and 25% long-haired.
□
(b) Two short-haired guinea pigs of the F1 generation are crossed with each other and
produce the F2 generation. The offspring in the F2 generation would be
A. all short-haired.
B. all long-haired.
C. 50% short-haired and 50% long-haired.
D. 75% short-haired and 25% long-haired.
□
##(a)C, (b)D##
(a) – (b) Mathematical skills 2
|!|BIEMC0270000042|!| |!|COEMC0270000042|!|
Which of the following statements about human sex chromosomes is / are correct?
(1) X chromosome is longer than Y chromosome.

(2) The body cell of a normal male has two X chromosomes.
(3) A normal gamete has either an X or a Y chromosome.
A. (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000043|!| |!|COEMC0270000043|!|
Which of the following statements about sex chromosomes of humans is / are correct?
(1) An ovum can carry either an X or a Y chromosome.

(2) A Y chromosome is shorter than an X chromosome.
(3) The gene controlling blood group can be found in the sex chromosomes.
A. (2) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000044|!| |!|COEMC0270000044|!|
Which of the following is / are the cause(s) of genetic variations?
(1) mutation
(2) independent assortment of chromosomes at meiosis
(3) random fertilisation
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000045|!| |!|COEMC0270000045|!|
Which of the following is not an example of continuous variation?
A. height
B. weight
C. blood groups
D. intelligence quotient
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000046|!| |!|COEMC0270000046|!|
Which of the following is not an example of discontinuous variation?
A. blood groups
B. the ability to roll the tongue
C. the shape of ear lobes
D. hand span
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000047|!| |!|COEMB0270000047|!|
* In humans, normal skin pigmentation is controlled by a dominant allele while albinism
is controlled by a recessive allele. Two parents with normal skin pigment have an albino
child. If they want to have another child, what is the probability of this child having
normal skin pigment?
A. 100%
B. 75%
C. 50%
D. 331/3%
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000048|!| |!|COEMC0270000048|!|
Which of the following characteristics is sex-linked?
A. colour blindness
B. blood group
C. albinism
D. height
□
##A##
Skill assessed Mark

|!|BIEMB0270000049|!| |!|COEMB0270000049|!|
* Directions: Questions (a) to (c) refer to the information below: In fruit flies, long wings
(V) are dominant to vestigial wings (v). In an investigation, a long-winged
male fruit fly and a long-winged female fruit fly were placed in a vial. After
two weeks, their offspring were examined and counted. The results are
shown in the table below.
Male flies Female flies Total

Long-winged flies 51 54 105
Vestigial-winged flies 19 20 39
Total 70 74 144
(a) Which of the following is / are the genotype(s) of the two parent flies?
(1) VV
(2) Vv
(3) vv
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
(b) Which of the following lead(s) to the proportions of different sexes in the
offspring, as shown in the above table?
(1) mutation
(2) crossing over
(3) random fertilisation
A. (3) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
(c) What proportion of the long-winged offspring would be homozygous?
1
A. /4
1
B. /3
1
C. /2
3
D. /4
□

##(a)B, (b)A, (c)B##

Skill assessed Mark
(b) Understanding basic concepts 1
(c) Mathematical skills 1
|!|BIEMB0270000050|!| |!|COEMB0270000050|!|
* In fruit flies, long wing is dominant to vestigial wing. Which of the following crosses
will produce offspring of which half are long-winged and half are vestigial-winged?
A. heterozygous long-winged Í heterozygous long-winged
B. heterozygous long-winged Í homozygous long-winged
C. heterozygous long-winged Í vestigial-winged
D. homozygous long-winged Í vestigial-winged
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
Applying concepts 1
|!|BIEMC0270000051|!| |!|COEMC0270000051|!|
Which of the following factors can determine the skin colour of a person?
(1) skin colours of parents

(2) time of exposure under sunlight
(3) sex
A. (2) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark

|!|BIEMC0270000052|!| |!|COEMC0270000052|!|
Which of the following combinations incorrectly compares continuous and
discontinuous variations?
Continuous variations Discontinuous variations
A. usually controlled by many genes usually controlled by one gene
B. show normal distribution do not show normal distribution
C. may be influenced by environmental less likely to be influenced by
factors environmental factors
D. with no intermediate phenotypes with intermediate phenotypes
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000053|!| |!|COEMB0270000053|!|
* Directions: Questions (a) to (c) refer to the pedigree below which shows the inheritance
of free earlobe and attached earlobe in a family. Free earlobe is dominant to
attached earlobe.
Parents:
grandmother grandfather
F1 generation:
father mother
F2 generation:
son 1 son 2 son 3 daughter 1 daughter 2 daughter 3
Key:
Males with free ear lobes Males with attached ear lobes
Females with free ear lobes Females with attached ear lobes

(a) If E represents the allele for free earlobe and e represents the allele for attached
earlobe, the genotype of the mother may be
(1) EE.
(2) Ee.
(3) ee.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (2) and (3) only
□
(b) Which of the following combinations incorrectly matches the individual with his /
her genotype?
Individual Genotype
A. grandmother EE or Ee
B. grandfather ee only
C. father Ee only
D. son 1 Ee only
□
(c) Daughter 1 marries a man with free earlobes. What is the probability that they may
have a child with free earlobes?
A. 100%
B. 75%
C. 50%
D. 25%
□
##(a)B, (b) D, (c)B##
Skill assessed Mark
(b) Analysing data 1
(c) Mathematical skills 1

|!|BIEMB0270000054|!| |!|COEMB0270000054|!|
* Directions: Questions (a) and (b) refer to the pedigree below which shows the
inheritance of the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). Only people
who have the dominant allele, T, are tasters of PTC.
Key:
Male PTC taster
Female PTC taster

X Y
Male non-PTC taster
?
Z Female non-PTC taster
(a) Which of the following combinations shows the genotypes of individuals X and
Y?
Individual X Individual Y
A. TT tt
B. Tt Tt
C. Tt tt
D. tt Tt
□
(b) What is the probability that individual Z is a PTC taster?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%
□
##(a)C, (b)C##
Skill assessed Mark
(b) Mathematical skills 1

|!|BIEMC0270000055|!| |!|COEMC0270000055|!|
Which of the following characteristic is not entirely controlled by genes?
A. intelligence
B. ability to roll the tongue
C. blood group
D. eye colour
□
##A##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000056|!| |!|COEMC0270000056|!|
It is sometimes very difficult to test for the presence of some genetic diseases in a child
because these diseases may appear only at old age.
Which of the following methods can help doctors predict whether a child will get those
diseases when he / she gets old?
(1) analysis of child’s DNA

(2) analysis of child’s karyotype
(3) pedigree analysis
A. (1) only
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1) and (3) only
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000057|!| |!|COEMC0270000057|!|
A man and his wife have five sons but no daughters. Which of the following statements
about the family is / are correct?
(1) The sons do not have X chromosomes.

(2) The man does not have a Y chromosome.
(3) The probability of the next baby being a girl is 50%.
A. (3) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##A##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000058|!| |!|COEMB0270000058|!|
* In fruit flies, the allele for broad abdomen (B) is dominant to the allele for narrow
abdomen (b). Male fruit flies heterozygous for broad abdomen was crossed with female
fruit flies with narrow abdomen and 500 offspring were produced. Which of the
following is the most likely the distribution of genotypes in the offspring?
A. 373 Bb and 127 bb
B. 126 BB and 374 bb
C. 242 Bb and 258 bb
D. 122 BB, 252 Bb and 126 bb
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000059|!| |!|COEMB0270000059|!|
* A black guinea pig, one of whose parent is black and the other is brown, mates with a
brown guinea pig. After one year a total of 48 young guinea pigs are produced. Which
of the following is the most likely combination in the offspring?
A. 26 black males and 22 black females
B. 23 brown males and 25 brown females
C. 16 black males, 20 black females, 6 brown males and 6 brown females
D. 13 black males, 12 black females, 12 brown males and 11 brown females
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark

|!|BIEMB0270000060|!| |!|COEMB0270000060|!|
* The coat of guinea pigs is controlled by a pair of alleles. Black coat is dominant to
brown coat in guinea pigs.
In the laboratory, some homozygous black guinea pigs are mistakenly mixed with
heterozygous black guinea pigs. The method to find out whether a black guinea pig is
homozygous is to cross it with
A. a homozygous black guinea pig and all offspring are black.
B. a brown guinea pig and all offspring are brown.
C. a heterozygous black guinea pig and half of the offspring are black and the
remaining half are brown.
D. a brown guinea pig and all offspring are black.
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark
Applying concepts 1
|!|BIEMB0270000061|!| |!|COEMB0270000061|!|
* Directions: Questions (a) to (c) refer to the diagram below which shows a maize cob.
(a) What is the ratio of the number of red grains to that of yellow grains?
A. 1:4
B. 4:1
C. 1:3
D. 3:1
□
(b) What are the genotypes for the grain colour of the parent plants of this maize cob?
A. Both are homozygous recessive.
B. Both are homozygous dominant.
C. Both are heterozygous.
D. One is homozygous recessive and the other is heterozygous.
□

(c) If two yellow grains are allowed to develop into mature plants and the two plants
are crossed. What is / are the possible genotype(s) for the grain colour of the
offspring?
A. All are homozygous dominant.
B. All are homozygous recessive.
C. All are heterozygous.
D. Some are homozygous dominant and some are heterozygous.
□
##(a)D, (b)C, (c)B##
Skill assessed Mark
(a) Mathematical skills 1
(b) Applying concepts 1
(c) Applying concepts 1
|!|BIEMB0270000062|!| |!|COEMB0270000062|!|
* The following pedigree shows the inheritance of blood groups in a family.
A B
C D E F
G
H I
Key: Male of blood group O Male of blood group B
Female of blood group O Female of blood group B
Which of the following statements about the pedigree is / are incorrect?
(1) Both individuals A and B are heterozygous dominant.

(2) Both individuals C and E are homozygous recessive.
(3) If individual I marries a man with blood group O, their children must possess
blood group B.

A. (3) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
Analysing data 1
|!|BIEMB0270000063|!| |!|COEMB0270000063|!|
* Directions: Questions (a) and (b) refer to the following pedigree showing the
inheritance of the blood disease thalassemia (Mediterranean anaemia) in a
family, which is controlled by a pair of alleles.
1 2
3 4
5 6
Key: Normal male
Male with thalassemia
Normal female
(a) Which of the following statements about the pedigree is / are incorrect?
(1) Individual 3 does not carry the allele for thalassemia.

(2) Individual 5 is heterozygous for the disease.
(3) Individual 6 must carry the allele for thalassemia.
A. (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□

(b) Anaemia may be caused by the lack of
(1) calcium.
(2) iron.
(3) magnesium.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (2) and (3) only
□
##(a)D, (b)B##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000064|!| |!|COEMB0270000064|!|
* The colour of pea pod (green or yellow) is controlled by a pair of alleles. Jack was
asked to cross two pea plants homozygous for green pods and yellow pods respectively.
All the plants in the F1 generation possessed green pods. He then allowed the F1 plants
to undergo self-pollination to produce the F2 generation.
Which of the following statements about the cross is / are correct?
(1) The allele for green pods is dominant.

(2) The expected ratio of yellow pods to green pods in F2 generation would be 3 : 1.
(3) There were three types of genotypes with respect to the colour of pea pod in the F2
generation.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
Applying concepts 1

|!|BIEMB0270000065|!| |!|COEMB0270000065|!|
* In ABO blood groups, the allele for blood group A (IA) is dominant while the allele for
blood group O (i) is recessive.
The genotypes of Bettie and her sister, Wendy, are IA IA and i i respectively. Which of
the following statements about the two sisters is / are correct?
(1) Their parents are both heterozygous for the blood group.
(2) If Wendy’s husband has blood group O, their offspring can either have blood
group A or O.
(3) Bettie cannot give birth to a baby with blood group O.
A. (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark
Applying concepts 1
|!|BIEMC0270000066|!| |!|COEMC0270000066|!|
The gene for red-green colour blindness is located on the
A. 6th pair of chromosome.
B. 21st pair of chromosome.
C. X chromosome.
D. Y chromosome.
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMC0270000067|!|
& Which of the following is not a hereditary disease in humans?
A. haemophilia
B. albinism
C. sickle cell anaemia
D. scurvy
□
##D##

Skill assessed Mark

|!|BIEMB0270000068|!| |!|COEMB0270000068|!|
* Directions: Questions (a) and (b) refer to the following pedigree which shows the
inheritance of a type of diabetes in a family and this type of diabetes is
controlled by a pair of alleles.
Key:
1 2
Male with diabetes
Female with diabetes
Normal male
Normal female
(a) Which of the following statements can be concluded from the pedigree?
(1) Individual 1 is heterozygous for the diabetes.

(2) Individual 2 is homozygous recessive for the diabetes.
(3) The normal allele (not having diabetes) is dominant.
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
(b) There are several kinds of diabetes. Which of the following is / are the possible
cause(s) of the disease?
(1) The pancreas becomes defective.

(2) The liver cells become insensitive to insulin.
(3) The pancreatic duct is blocked.
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##(a)A, (b)B##

Skill assessed Mark

|!|BIEMB0270000069|!| |!|COEMB0270000069|!|
* In peas, the genes controlling seed colour and seed shape are unlinked. The allele for
round seeds (R) is dominant to the allele for wrinkled seeds (r) while the allele for
yellow seeds (Y) is dominant to the allele for green seeds (y).
If a plant of genotype RRYy is crossed with a plant of genotype rryy, which of the
following are the possible genotypes of the offspring?
A. RRYy and RRyy
B. RRyy and rrYy
C. RrYy and Rryy
D. RrYy and rryy
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
Applying concepts 1
|!|BIEMB0270000070|!| |!|COEMB0270000070|!|
* A woman who is colour-blind marries a man with normal vision. What is the probability
that they will have a boy with normal vision?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%
□
##A##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000071|!| |!|COEMB0270000071|!|
* A human character is controlled by two genes each with two alleles. How many
different genotypes can be formed with this character?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 9
D. 16
□
##C##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000072|!| |!|COEMB0270000072|!|
* Colour-blindness is a sex-linked character. The allele for normal vision (B) is dominant
and the allele for colour blindness (b) is recessive.
A woman who is a carrier of colour blindness marries a man who has normal vision.
Which of the following is not the possible genotype of their children?
A. XBXb
B. XbXb
C. XBY
D. XbY
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark
Applying concepts 1
|!|BIEMB0270000073|!| |!|COEMB0270000073|!|
* The ABO blood groups in humans are determined by multiple alleles, IA, IB and i.
IA represents the allele for blood group A, IB represents the allele for blood group B and
i represents the allele for blood group O.
What is the genotype of the offspring if a couple has blood groups AB and O
respectively?
A. IAIB only
B. IAi and ii
C. IAIB and ii
D. IAi and IBi
□
##D##
Skill assessed Mark
Applying concepts 1

|!|BIEMC0270000074|!| |!|COEMC0270000074|!|
Which of the following statements illustrates the Mendel’s first law?
A. Alleles separate so that half of the gametes receive one allele and the other half of
the gametes receive the other allele.
B. The characteristics of organisms are controlled by one or several pairs of alleles.
C. In heterozygous condition, the dominant allele can express its effect.
D. The separation of alleles for one gene is independent of the separation of alleles
for other genes during gamete formation.
□
##A##
Skill assessed Mark
|!|BIEMB0270000075|!| |!|COEMB0270000075|!|
* In fruit flies, the allele for normal wings (W) is dominant to the allele for vestigial
wings (w) while the allele for grey body (G) is dominant to the allele for black body (g).
If two fruit flies with the genotypes WwGG and wwgg are crossed together, what is the
expected number of phenotypes in the 100 offspring produced?
Normal wings, Normal wings, Vestigial wings, Vestigial wings,
grey body black body grey body black body
A. 100 0 0 0
B. 52 0 48 0
C. 0 47 0 53
D. 24 23 27 26
□
##B##
Skill assessed Mark

Chapter 27: Basic Genetics - Multiple-Choice Questions

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Chapter 27: Basic Genetics - Multiple-Choice Questions

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HKDSE BIOLOGY—Concepts and Applications Chapter 27

Question Bank Multiple-choice questions

Chapter 27: Basic Genetics - Multiple-choice questions

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -1-

RNA does not consist of

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -3-

(1) DNA determines the amino acid sequence of a protein.

(1) Chromosomes cannot be found in bacteria.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is present in all human cells. It is the carrier

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -4-

(1) DNA is not present in all human cells.

A. (1) and (2) only

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Deoxyribose Nitrogenous base

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -5-

(1) DNA polymerase.

A. (1) → (2) → (3) → (4)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -6-

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -7-

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -8-

(1) gene mutation

Autosomes Sex chromosomes

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -10-

Seed shape Number of seeds

(1) A DNA molecule consists of two long chains of nucleotides.

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -13-

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -15-

(1) Their characteristics could easily be recognised.

First filial (F1)

Which of the following statements about the cross is / are correct?

(1) All the F1 plants are heterozygous.

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -16-

(1) The phenotypic ratio of F1 generation (AA : Aa : aa) is 1 : 2 : 1.

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -17-

According to the above diagram, among the children,

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -18-

(1) X chromosome is longer than Y chromosome.

(1) An ovum can carry either an X or a Y chromosome.

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -21-

Male flies Female flies Total

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -22-

##(a)B, (b)A, (c)B##

(1) skin colours of parents

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -23-

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -24-

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -25-

Male PTC taster

Female PTC taster

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -26-

(1) analysis of child’s DNA

(1) The sons do not have X chromosomes.

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -28-

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -29-

Key: Male of blood group O Male of blood group B

Female of blood group O Female of blood group B

Which of the following statements about the pedigree is / are incorrect?

(1) Both individuals A and B are heterozygous dominant.

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -30-

Key: Normal male

Male with thalassemia

(1) Individual 3 does not carry the allele for thalassemia.

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. -31-

(b) Anaemia may be caused by the lack of