Technology - The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in

industry. A machinery and equipment developed from the application of scientific knowledge.
ICT – Information and Communications Technology. It is an extended term of Information
Technology (IT). It stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of
telecommunications, computers, as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage,
and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate
information.  

Philippines is dub as the “ICT Hub of Asia” because of huge growth of ICT-related jobs, one of
which is BPO, Business Process Outsourcing, or call centers.

Emerging Technologies:
Artificial Intelligence
Robotics
Biometrics
Quantum Cryptography
Computer Assisted Translation
Holography/Hologram

Artificial Intelligence - is a term for simulated intelligence in machines. These are programmed
to "think" like a human.  EX. Siri

Robotics - deals with the design, construction, operation, and use of robots, as well as
computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing.

Biometrics - technical term for body measurements and calculations. It refers to metrics related
to human characteristics. Biometrics authentication (or realistic authentication) is used in
computer science as a form of identification and access control.

Quantum cryptography - Also called quantum encryption, applies principles of quantum

mechanics to encrypt messages in a way that it is never read by anyone outside the intended
recipient. Cryptography is the process used to scramble ordinary text that is readable into cipher
text which is unreadable by anyone other than the person holding the key to decrypt or
unscramble the message. Cryptography can be used to ensure that documents or messages
remain confidential to all except the person with the key.

Computer-assisted translation – or computer-aided translation or CAT is a form of language

translation in which a human translator uses computer to support and facilitate the translation
process.

Hologram - photographic recording of a light field, rather than of an image formed by a lens,
and it is used to display a fully three-dimensional image of the holographed subject, which is
seen without the aid of special glasses or other intermediate optics.

Virtual Reality - Used to described a 3 dimensional, computer generated environment that can
be explored and interacted with by a person

Internet 
 Global system of interconnected computer networks that use the internet protocol suite
(TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide. The internet uses TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol) to send and receive data. Connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in
the world via dedicated routers and servers. The internet is the largest computer network in the
world, connecting millions of computers. Hardware, not software. The WWW is software that
runs on the internet. The internet is the largest computer network in the world, connecting
millions of computers. A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. 

IP Address - Identifies each computer or device connected to the internet. It’s like your home
address. Every computer  that connects to the internet has an identifying number. Ex:
103.29.250.20

How Do I Connect To The Internet?

With the use of an ISP (Internet Service Provider)by a modem or Internet ready cable
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) .
The type of internet access you choose will determine what type of modem you need
DSL service uses a DSL modem, 
Cable access uses a cable modem
Satellite service uses a satellite adapter.

Router is a hardware device that allows you to connect several computers and other devices to
a single internet connection, which is known as a home network. Many routers are wireless,
allowing you to easily create a wireless network.

Network Card - a piece of hardware that allows computers to communicate over a computer
network. The network card will either have an Ethernet port, a wireless connection, or both.

Choosing an Internet Service Provider:

Speed
Price
Ease of Installation
Service Record
Technical Support
Contract Terms

There are two main types of computer networks:

A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. Network of
networks (Router, Server, Cellphone tower).
LAN - Local Area Network - is two or more connected computers sharing certain
resources in a relatively small geographic location, often in the same building. Examples include
home networks and office networks.

WAN Wide Area Network - typically consist of two or more LANs. The computers are farther
apart and are linked by telephone lines, dedicated telephone lines, or radio waves. The internet
is the largest WAN in existence.

Servers - a computer that "serves" many different computers in a network by running

specialized software and storing information. For example, web pages are stored on servers.
World Wide Web an information system on the Internet that allows documents to be connected
to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving
from one document to another. The World Wide Web was created in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee.
The World Wide Web is a virtual network of web sites connected by hyperlinks (or "links"). Web
sites are stored on servers on the internet, so the World Wide Web is a part of the internet.
Web page is a hypertext document connected to the World Wide Web. It is a document that is
suitable for the World Wide Web. (also written as webpage) is a document that is suitable to act
as a web resource on the World Wide Web. When accessed by a web browser it may be
displayed as a web page on a monitor or mobile device.

Websites - a location connected to the Internet that maintains one or more pages on the World
Wide Web. It is a related collection of World Wide Web (WWW) files that includes a beginning
file called a home page.

Web browser - It displays a web page on a monitor or mobile device is a software application
for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. It is the
tool that you use to access the World Wide Web. The browser's main job is to display web
pages.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator) in a browser. The URL, also known as the web address,
tells the browser exactly where to find the page.

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the most basic building block of the Web. It describes
and defines the content of a webpage. The backbone of the World Wide Web is made of HTML
files, which are specially-formatted documents that can contain links, as well as images and
other media. All web browsers can read HTML files. 

WEB 1.0 - It is a term coined to differentiate the first stage of the World Wide Web (www) in
comparison with the present stage of the internet technology. At the beginning, there were few
web content creators. Webpages were static and were called read only web.  The only available
feedback mechanism was through private emails.

Portal is a term, generally synonymous with gateway, for a World Wide Web site that is or
proposes to be a major starting site for users when they get connected to the Web or that users
tend to visit as an anchor site.  

Web 2.0 - The term Web 2.0 was first used around 2004. Internet technology became more and
more interactive. The internet became more available for everyone. The users can now interact,
contribute, and create their own internet space and content (Explosion of Information & Social
Media). Also called Dynamic web pages

Features of Web 2.0

1. Folksonomy - allows user to categorize and classify information using freely chosen
keywords e.g tagging by facebook, twitter, use tags that start with the pound sign #, referred to
as hashtag
2. Rich User Experience - content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input
3. User Participation - The owner of the website is not the only one who is able to put content.
Others are able to place a content of their own by means of comments, reviews, and evaluation
e.g lazada.com, amazon.com
4. Long Tail - services that are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This is
synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent in
the Internet, or a data plan that charges you for the amount of bandwidth you used.
5. Software as a Service - users will be subscribe to a software only when needed rather than
purchasing them e.g Google docs used to create and edit word processing and spread sheet.
6. Mass Participation - diverse information sharing through universal web access. Web 2.0’s
content is based on people from various cultures.
XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language. XML was designed to store and transport
data. XML was designed to be both human- and machine-readable.

RSS (Rich Site Summary; originally RDF Site Summary; often called Really Simple
Syndication) is a type of web feed[2] which allows users to access updates to online content in
a standardized, computer-readable format. 

WEB 3.0 - It is described by Tim Berners-Lee (Father of the WWW) as the read-write-execute
web. It is referred to as the semantic web or data driven web content and response.  The
context of the search of the user is processed by a programming language to help the user by
presenting options of what the person is interested in. It will not make Web 2.0 obsolete. Web
3.0 browser the browser itself is the one who produces information based on the previews
actions of yours; it is a 3 way communication, the person who is producing the content, the
server who is monitoring your actions for it to provide accurate suggestions, and you who is
receiving the content or suggestions.

Microformats are small patterns of HTML to represent commonly published things like people,
events, blog posts, reviews and tags in web pages.
Microdata used to nest metadata within existing content on web pages.

RDFa (or Resource Description Framework in Attributes) is a W3C Recommendation that

adds a set of attribute-level extensions to HTML, XHTML and various XML-based document
types for embedding rich metadata within Web documents.

Trends in ICT:
Technological Convergence
Social Media
Mobile Technologies
Assistive Media
   
 Technology Convergence - It is an evolution of technological developments that merge into a
new system bringing together different types of applications and media.
Social Media - It is a collection of internet-based communication tools and computer assisted
channels dedicated to allow users to interact, communicate, and share information in a virtual
community and network.

6 Types of Social Media

Social Networks
Bookmarking Sites
Social News
Media Sharing
Microblogging
Blogs And Forums

Mobile Media/Technologies - A range of handheld devices, from mobile phones, tablets, and
e-readers to game consoles, primarily used as personal, interactive, Internet-enabled and user-
controlled portable platforms that allow interconnected users to exchange personal and non-
personal information ( Wei, 2013 ).
Operating System
iOS – used in Apple devices such as the iPhone and iPad

Android – open source OS developed by Google.

Blackberry OS – used in Blackberry devices

Windows Phone OS – closed source and proprietary OS developed Microsoft

Symbian – original smartphone OS; used by Nokia devices

WebOS – used for SmartTV’s

Windows Mobile – developed by Microsoft for smartphones and pocket PC’s

Mobile devices can communicate through the following communication technologies:

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) - A type of wireless local area network technology.

Bluetooth - Uses packet based transmission over short range radio signals

Dial up services - Data networking services using modems