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PARAMETERS IN BUILT
ENVIROMENT STUDY
RESEARCH PAPER
Abstract
One of the most problems for achieving thermal comfort in buildings is disregarding the impact of
different types of building use. They are differ depending on the activity style they perform inside.
There is a critical need to study factors and parameters which influence the built environment,
considering the human thermal comfort requirements.
1. Introduction
With the increase in urbanization in developed countries 80 to 90% of population spend
most of their time indoors. There are so many indoor environmental factors such as acoustic
comfort, visual comfort, good air quality and thermal comfort. But in comparison to all other
factors thermal comfort matters the most for the occupants.
1.1. Concept of Thermal Comfort
According to Fanger thermal comfort as a function of physiological strain factors, i.e. “the
sensation experienced by a person was a function of the physiological strain imposed on him
by the environment” (Fanger, 1970). Over recent decades the terminology of thermal comfort
has evolved. Initially it was limited to physiological factors then evolved to include physical
and psychological aspects. As noted by Givoni, it is impossible to express human responses
to the thermal environment as a function of a single environmental factor. Rather he defines
thermal comfort as “the absence of irritation and discomfort due to heat or cold” (Givoni,
1976). As a function of psychological factors, ASHRAE (American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) defines thermal comfort as “the condition of
mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment” (Engineers, 2009).
1.2. The Notion of Thermal Comfort
Necessity of detailed learning on thermal comfort parameters such as air temperature, mean
radiant temperature, relative air velocity, air humidity, activity level and clothing and
influence of other unrelated factors on indoor thermal comfort such as individual
characteristics of building occupants, building-related factors and outdoor climate including
seasonal changes, influence whether the indoor environment is evaluated as comfortable or
not.
In addition, perception of comfort is different for different users, as several other factors
works like age, body build, fitness, health and self-estimated environmental sensitivity
influence the perception of comfort.
Long-term thermal experience appears to shift occupants' thermal expectation, and
apparently it is much easier and quicker to lift comfort expectations than it is to lower them.
Therefore, greater flexibility in new comfort strategies should be added such as personal
controllable comfort system, moving air as per our comfort and some dynamic environment
control strategies.
Also, it was observed that if occupant is provided with the possibility/power to control these
parameters like temperature and light, it helps them to increase a level of satisfaction. In this
research paper we discussed the human comfort how comfort parameters mentioned above
gets effected in a built environment.
2. Thermal comfort indices - the static approach
To predict thermal comfort researchers have categorised the models into analytical “static”
and empirical “adaptive” models. The static models build on physics and physiology by
analysing the balance between the heat produced by the body and the heat lost from it,
whereas the “adaptive” models add the psychology and behaviour survey of people’s
response to environment using statistical analysis from field surveys.
Priyam Tewari , Sanjay Mathur a, Jyotirmay Mathur , Sanjay Kumar , Vivian Loftnessb: Field study on indoor
thermal comfort of office buildings using evaporative cooling in the composite climate of India.
Ricardo Forgiarini Rupp, Natalia Giraldo Vásquez, Roberto Lamberts : A review of human thermal comfort in the
built environment
Madhavi Indraganti, PhD Ryozo Ooka, Ph.D. Hom B Rijal, Ph.D. : Thermal Comfort in Offices in India:
Behavioral Adaptation and the Effect of Age and Gender
Zhang, Hui, Center for the Built Environment, Edward, Arens, Center for the Built Environment, Pasut, Wilmer,
Center for the Built Environment ; Air temperature thresholds for indoor comfort and perceived air quality
Maohui Luo , Richard de Dear , Wenjie Ji , Cao Bin , Borong Lin , Qin Ouyang ,
Yingxin Zhu ; The dynamics of thermal comfort expectations: The problem,
challenge and implication
Edward Halawa, Joostvan Hoof, Veronica Soebarto; The impacts of the thermal radiation field on thermal
comfort, energy consumption and control—A critical overview