Environmental Engineering PDF

Environmental
Engineering
Solutions for Volume : I Classroom Practice Questions
Water Supply Engineering
02. Ans: (c)

Chapter- 1 Sol:
Population Forecasting & Water Demands Per decade % age
Time Population increased in
Population
01. Ans: (c) 1 1
Sol: 1.4  1
2 1.4  100  40
Per decade 1
Year Population increased in 1.68  1.4
3 1.68 100  20
Population 1.4
1970 40000
6000 r  r1  r2 1 / 2
1980 46000
r  40  20 
1/ 2
7000
1990 53000 r  28.28 %
5000 P0  1.68 lakh
2000 58000
1
 r 
P1  P0 1  
6000  7000  5000  100 
x  6000 1
3  28.28 
P1  1.681  
P2010 = P0 + n x  100 
2010  2000 P1 = 2.15 lakh = 2.20 lakh
n
10
03. Ans: 1.37 billion
n=1
Sol: K = 1.6% per year
P2010 = 58000+ 1  6000
P2000 = 1 billion
P2010 = 64000
P2020 = ?
P2020 = P2000. ek(2020-2000)
1.6
 20 
P2020  1 e 100
P2020 = 1.37 billion
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:2: CIVIL - Postal Coaching Solutions
04. Ans: 68000 P2020 = ?

Sol: x  5000 per decade 2000  1980
P0  695200, n 2
y  500 per decade 10
P2020 = ? 22  1
P2020  695200  2  111300   57966.67
P1990 = 50000 (given) 2
2020  1990
n 3 P2020 = 734900
10
33  1
P2020 = P1990  3x  .y
2 06. Ans: 1540000
3 4 Sol:
P2020 = 50000 +3  5000 +  500
2 Time Population Per decade Per decade % age
increased in increased in
P2020 = 68000 Population population
1 400000
158500 (dP1)
05. Ans: 743900 2 558500 158500
 100  39.6%
Sol: 400000
Year Population Per decade Incremental over 217500 (dP2)
increased in increase in 3 776000 217500
 100  38.94%
Population population
558500
1960 250000
322500 (dP3)
230500
4 1098500 322500
1970 480500 -160700  100  41.5%
69800 776000
1980 550300 +18500 5 ?
88300
1990 638600 -31700
56600
If dP1<dP2 < dP3 →Geometric increase used
2000 695200 r = (39.6  38.94 41.5)1/3 = 39.99%
= 40%
230500  69800  88300  56600 n
x  r 
4 Pn  P0 1  
 100 
x  111300
1
 160700  18500  31700  40 
y P5  10985001    1540000
3  100 
y  57966.67
n n  1
Pn  P0  nx  .y
2
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:3: Environmental Engineering
ro = latest per decade percentage increase in

07. Ans: (c)
population
Sol: P0 = 28,000
Average increase per decade, D = average decrease in percentage
44,000  28,000 increase

x = 8,000
2 2.84  0.43
3
D
4200m /d required for 28,000 persons 2
6000m3/d sufficient for ------- persons D  1.635
28000  6000 2020  1990
 = 40,000 n 3
4200 10
Pn = P0+n x
 r  D   ro  2 D   ro  3D 
Pn  Po 1  o 1 1
40,000 =28,000 + n8000
 100   100   100 
n = 1.5decades = 15years
 11.5  1.635   11.5  2(1.635) 
Pn  795001   1  
08. Ans: 100765  100 100
Sol:  11.5  3(1.635) 
1  100 
Per decade Decrease
Percentage in = 79500 (1.09865) (1.0823) (1.06595)
Year Population
Increase in Percentage = 100765.29
Population Increase
≃ 100765
1960 55,500 14.77 2.84
 Population for the year 2020 by decreasing
1970 63,700 11.93 0.43
rate of growth = 100765
1980 71,300 11.5 
1990 79,500  
Per decade percentage increase in
population
63700  55500
  100  14.77%
55500
r0 = 11.5
 r  D   ro  2 D   ro  nD 
Pn  Po 1  o 1 ..... 1 
 100   100   100 
Po = latest known population
Pn = prospective population after n year
H 
H   H 

I

0
2
Chapter- 3
Quality of Water 10 7.2  10 8.4
H   3.3  10 8 mol/lit
2
1 1
01. Ans: (d) PH  log10 
 log10
Sol: Ca 2  160 mg / 
H 3.3  10 8
Mg 2  40 mg /  PH  7.47
50 50
TH  Ca 2   Mg 2 
20 12 15. Ans: (c)
TH  160 
50
 40 
50
Sol: pH A  4.4, H  A  104.4 mol / lit
20 12
TH = 567 mg/l as CaCO3 pH B  6.4, H  B  106.4 mol / lit
H 
A

10  4.4
 100
04. Ans: (c) H 
B 10 6.4
A  B 25  175
Sol: FTN  
A 25
FTN = 8 16. Ans: (a)
Sol: Sample A, VA = 300 ml
05. Ans: (d)
(pH)A = 7
Sol: The product of H+ ions and OH ions in a
stronger acids = 1014 (H+)A = 107 mol/lit
Sample B,
11. Ans: (a)
VB = 700 ml
Sol: TH = 200 mg/l as CaCO3
(pH)B = 5
TA = 250 mg/l as CaCO3
(H+)B = 105 mol/lit
TH < TA
CH = TH = 200 mg/l VA C A  VB C B  ...
C mix 
VA  VB  ....
14. Ans: (d) 300  10 7  700  10 5

Sol: (PH)I = 7.2, H 

 10 7.2 mol / lit
H 
mix 
300  700
I
PH 0  8.4 , H 

0  10 8.4 mol / lit H 
mix  7.03  10 6 mol / lit

1 1 27. Ans: (d)

pH mix  log10  log10
H 
mix 7.03  10 6 Sol: TA = 250 mg/l as CaCO3
pH mix  5.15 TH= 350 mg/l as CaCO3
TH > TA
17. Ans: (d) CH = TA = 250 mg/l
Sol: CO 3  = 90 mg/l NCH = TH  CH = 350 250
HCO 3 = 61 mg/l NCH = 100 mg/l as CaCO3
50 50
TA  CO 3   HCO 3  28. Ans: (c)
30 61
50 50
50 50 Sol: TH  Ca   Mg 
TA  90   61  20 12.2
30 51
50 50
TA = 200 mg/l as CaCO3 TH  55   10   178.48
20 12.2
18. Ans: (d) TH ⋍ 179 mg/l as CaCO3

Sol: From 10 10.10 (MPN) against 4 31,
+Ve grouping Common data for Q 29 & 30
MPN = 33
For 1  0.10.01 dilution against 4 3 1 29. Ans: (a)
+ve group Sol: TH in mg/lit as C a CO 3
Table dilution 50 50
MPN  33   Ca   in mg / lit   Mg   in mg / lit 
Test dilution 20 12
MPN = 33  10 = 330 no/100 ml 50 50
 (12  20)   (18  12) 
20 12
19. Ans: (a) = 1500 mg/lit as CaCO3
Sol: PH = 9
H+ = 109 mol/lit 30. Ans: (c)
 5
OH = 10 mol/lit Sol: Alkalinity in mg/lit CaCO3

OH mol/lit 50 50
 HCO 3 in mg / lit   CO 3 in mg / lit 
OH  mol / lit  OH   Mol. wt. of OH   1000 61 30
50 50
OH   10 5  17  1000  0.17 mg / lit  (30  61)   (5  30) 
61 30
50 = 1750 mg/lit as CaCO3
OH   0.17   0.50 mg / lit as CaCO3
17
Common data for Question Nos. 31. & 32 36. Ans: (d)
Sol: From table 1010.10 (MPN) against
31. Ans: (c) 210 + ve group
50 50 MPN = 7
Sol: TH  100   6
20 12 For 10.1 0.01 dilution against
= 275 mg/lit as CaCo3 210, +ve group
table dilution
32. Ans: (a) MPN = 7 
test dilution
50
Sol: Alkalinity  250  MPN = 7 10 = 70
61
 204.9  205mg / lit as CaCO3 37. Ans: (b)
Sol: Mol. Wt of CO3 = 12 + 316 = 60
33. Ans: (d) Mol. Wt. of Ca = 40
Sol: Tomoto juice pH = 4.1 60 parts of CO3 required = 40 parts of Ca
1 40
pH  log10 1 part of CO3 require  part of Ca
H 60
1 40
4.1  log10 90 mg/l part of CO3 require  90 mg/l of Ca
H 60
H   10 4.1 mol/lit = 60 mg/l of Ca
H+ = 7.94  105 mol/lit 38. Ans: (c)
Sol: PH = 9.25
1
34. Ans: (d) PH  log10
H
Sol: OH   10 5.6 m.mol/lit 1
9.25  log10 
OH   10 5.6  10 3 mol / lit H
OH   10 8.6 mol / lit H   10 9.25 mol / lit
10 14
H  8.6  10 5.4

H OH   10
  14
10
OH   1010
14

 10 4.75 mol/lit
 1  1 9.25
pH  log10     log10 5.4
H  10 OH  (mg / )  OH  mg / l   Mol. Wt . of OH1000
pH = 5.4
OH mg /    10 4.75  17  1000
OH = 0.302 mg/l as CaCO3
39. Ans: (d) 44. Ans: 640, 220 & 420 mg/lit
AB Sol: W1 = 98.42 gm
Sol: TON 
A W2 = 98.484 gm
187.5  12.5
TON  W3 = 98.462 gm
12.5
TON = 16
W2  W1
(i) Total solids TS  
40. Ans: (b) V
Sol: OH = 17 mg/l 98.484  98.42
TS   10 6
OH  (mol / l) 
OH mg / l
 100
Mol. wt.of OH   1000
17  640 mg/l
OH    10 3 mol / lit W2  W3
17  1000 (ii) Volatile solids 
H 


OH   10 14 mol / lit
V
98.484  98.462
10 14   10 6
H   10 11 mol / lit 100
3
10 = 220 mg/l
1 1
pH  log10   log10 11
H 10 W3  W1
pH = 11 (iii) Fixed solids 
V
98.462  98.42
41. Ans: (b)   10 6
100
Sol: Ca2+ = 4 m.eq/lit = 420 mg/l
Mg2+ = 1 m eq/lit
HCO3 = 3.5 m. eq/lit Chapter- 4
TH = Ca2+ * 50 + Mg2+ * 50 Plain Sedimentation
(where Ca & Mg are in m.eq/lit)
= 450+150 = 250 mg/l as CaCO3
Common data for Qs. 1& 2
TA = CO3 * 50 + HCO3 *50
(where CO3 & HCO3 in m.eq/lit) 01. Ans: (b)
= 0+3.550 = 175 mg/l as CaCO3 Sol: B = 6 m, L = 15 m, H = 3 m
TH > TA Q = 2 MLD
CH = TA = 175 mg/l as CaCO3
2  10 6
NCH = TH – CH = 250 – 175 Surface over flow rate V0 =
6  15  24
= 75 mg/l as CaCO3
= 926 lit/hr/m2

02. Ans: (d) g(s  1)d 2

VS =
Sol: Detention time is 18 
9.812.65  1  0.025  10 3 
2
Volume of setting tank = Q  D.T =
0.01
6  15  3 270 18 
DT =
2  10 6
=
83.33
= 3.24 hrs 1002
= 5.62  104 m/sec
24  10 3
60 3

VH 5.62  10  4
Common data question for Q3 and Q4
 VH = 0.0112 m/sec
03. Ans: (c)

Sol: Q  1.8 MLD 06. Ans: (c)
D.T = 4 hours Sol: Q = 100000 m3/day
V=?
Settling velocity = 20 m /day
1.8  10 6
= 3 = 75 m3/hr Q
10  24 Area of tank 
Settling velocity
Volume of tank = QDT
= 75  4 = 300 m3 100000
Area of tank   5000 m 2
20
04. Ans: (b)
Sol: SOR = 500 lit/hr/m, L:B = 4:1, L =?
07. Ans: (a)
Q
V0 = Sol: d = 0.025 mm, s = 2.65, =0.01 cm2/sec
A
Q 1.8  10 6 g(s  1)d 2
Surface area = = s =
SOR 24  500 18  
 
2
L  B = 150 m 9.812.65  1  0.025  10 3
2
L =
L = 150 m2 18  0.01  10  4
4
2 = 0.056 cm/sec
L = 150  4
L = 24.49 m
08. Ans: 27.08
05. Ans: 0.0112 m/sec Sol: V0 = 12,000 lit/hr/m2, d = 0.03 mm
Sol: VH =? L = 60 m, H=3m = 12 m3/hr/m2
L H g(s  1)d 2
 VS =
VH VS 18  

9.812.65  10.03  10 3  L:B = 3:1, d = 3 m,  = 1.01  106 m2/s

2
=
0.897 g(G  1)d 2
18  VS =
10002 18  
VS = 0.922 mm/sec 9.812.3  1  (0.05  10 3 ) 2
=
VS = 9.0210-4 m/sec 18  1.01  10 6
VS = 1.753  103 m/sec
V
 = S  100 For 100% removal
V0
3 2 -3
VS = V0 = 1.753  103 m/sec
V0 = 12 m /hr/m = 3.3310 m/sec
Q 1.157
4 Surface area = =
9.02  10 V0 1.753  10  3
=  100
3.33  10 3
L : 3B = 660.011
= 27.08% LB
3B  B = 660.011
Common Data for Qs. 09 & 10 3B2 = 660.011
660.011
09. Ans: (a) B= = 14.83 m
3
Sol: d = 26 m with H = 2.10 m
L = 3  B = 3  14.83 = 44.49 m
Q = 13000 m3/day, D.T = ?
Volume of tan k L  B  H
D.T = 
  Q Q
2.10    26 2 
DT = 4  = 2.05 hrs 44.49  14.83  3
13000 = 0.47 hr
100  10 6
24
24  10 3
10. Ans: (d)
Q 12. Ans: 20 m3/m2/day
Sol: Weir loading 
length of weir Sol: L  B  h = 100  50  3 m,
13000 Q = 1,00,000 m3/day

  26 Surface flow rate -- ?,  = 2.65 g/cc,
= 159 m3/day/m  = 1.02  102cm2/sec
Q
Surface flow rate =
11. Ans: 44.5, 14.83 & 0.47 surface flow area
Sol: d = 50 m = 50  103 m = 0.05 m, 100000
= = 20 m3/m2/day
G = 2.3, Q = 100 MLD, H = 3m 100  50

: 10 : CIVIL - Postal Coaching Solutions
For 100% removal VS = V0 Common data for Question Nos. 14 & 15

3 2
= 20  m /m /day
14. Ans: (a)
20
= = 2.31  104 Sol: L = 20 m, B = 10 m, H = 3 m, Q = 4 MLD,
24  60  60
Ns
p
2.65 T = 200C,  = 1.002  103 2
at 200C,
S=  = 2.65 m
w 1
w = 998.2 kg/m3, G = 2.65
g(s  1)d 2 Q
VS = Surface overflow =
18  v Surface area
9.812.65  1  d 2 4  10 6  10 3
2.31  104 = = = 20 m3/m2/day
1.836  10 5 20  10
d = 1.61  105 mm
15. Ans: (b)
d = 1.61  102 m
Sol:  = 100%
13. Ans: (c)
Sol: H = 3 m, surface area = 900 m2, g  p   w d 2
Vs =
3
Q = 8000 m /day, T = 20 C, 0 18
 = 103 kg/m-s,  = 1000 kg/m3, G = 2.65, p = 2.65 w

d = 0.01 mm, G = 2.65,  = ? = 2.65  998.2
Q 8000 p = 2645.23 kg/m3
Vo = = = 8.889 m3/day/m2
S.area 900
20 9.812645.23  998.2 d 2
8.8 =
= m/sec= 1.018510-4 24  60  60 18  1.002  10 3
24  60  60
d = 0.016 mm
Vs =

g p  w d 2 
18
16. Ans: (b)
=
9.812650  1000   0.01 10 3  2
Sol: VS1 = 0.1 mm/s,

18  10 3
VS2 = 0.2 mm/s,
V0 = 8.99  105 m/sec
VS3 = 1.0 mm/s
Proportion of particle removed ‘’ Surface over flow rate = 43.2 m3/m2/d
VS
=  100
V0
8.99  10 5
=  100 = 88.31%
1.018  10  4
: 11 : Environmental Engineering
Percentage VS VS 18. Ans: 3.1214

Particle =  100
(Pi) mm/sec V0 Sol: d = 0.06 mm = 0.06  103 m
0.1 g = 9.8 m/sec2
1 10 0.1 1 =  100 = 20
0.5 G = 2.65
0.2  = 1.0105102 cm2/sec
2 60 0.2 2 =  100 = 40
0.5
gG  1d 2
1 Vs 
3 30 1.0 3 =  100 = 20 18
0.5
Vs 

9.81  2.65  1  0.06  10 3 2
Overal removal = Pii 18  1.0105  10 6

10 60 30 Vs = 3.20103 m/sec
=  20   40   100
100 100 100 Q
Surface area 
= 56% Vs
0.01
A 3
 3.124 m 2
17. Ans: (b) 3.20  10
Sol: V0 = 30 m3/m2/day, S = 2.65
 = 1000 kg/m3 19. Ans: 22.576
 = 0.001 N-s/m2, 1 stoke = 104m2/sec Sol:  
Vs
100
p = s w = 2.65  1000 = 2650 Vo
w = 1000 kg/m3 Vo = 40 m3/m2/day = 40 m/day
g  p   w d 2 = 4.629 × 104 m/sec

VS = Vs
18  100
Vo
9.812650  1000d 2
= Vs
18  0.001  90   100
4.629  10 4
30  10 3 16186.5d 2
= = Vs = 4.166 ×104 m/sec
24  60  60 0.018
0.540 = 1.39851  109d2 gs  1d 2
Vs 
18
d = 1.965  105
9.812.65  1 2
d = 0.02 mm  4.166  10  4  d
18  1.1  10 6
d = 22.576 ×106 m
= 22.576 m
20. Ans: 112.66 21. Ans: (b)

Sol: Surface over flow rate Sol: V = 2500 m3
Vo = 32.5 m3/day/m2 Q = 25 × 106 lit/day
DT = ?
L = 32.5 m, B = 8.0 m, D = 2.25 m
V 2500 2500  10 3
Q D.T =  
LB  Q 25  10 6 25  10
Vo 3
10
Q 24
 32.5  8   hr
32.5 10
Q = 32.5 × 8 × 32.5 m3/day 22. Ans: (a)
Q Sol: Pan area = As = 100 m2
Weir loading rate = Q = 2400 m3/day
Length of weir
Vs = ?
32.5  8  32.5
 Q 2400
75 Vo    24m / day
As 100
= 112.66 m3/day/m
For 100%
Vs = Vo = 24 m/day
24
 m / day  1m / day
24
23. Ans: (b)

Sol:
Initial
Settling velocity
Particle concentration n × Cin mg/l
m / hr 
(mg/ l)
1 1 100 1
n 1   100 = 100
1
2 0.5 100 0.5
n2   100 = 50
1
3 0.1 100 0.1

n3   100 =10
1
4 0.05 100 0.05
n4   100 =5
1
Total = 165 mg/ l

= Vo = 1 m3/m2/ hour
= Vo = 1 m/hour
Concentration of particle removed = 165 mg/l
1.68  10  10 6  365
Chapter- 5 =
10 6
Coagulation
Total quick lime required (106 mg per year)
= 6132
Common Data Question 1 & 2
03. Ans: 168 kg/day, 5.55 mg/l
01. Ans: (c)
Sol: Alum required in order to total = 12 MLD
Sol: Q = 10MLD = 10 106 Lit/day
Alum dose requirement = 14 ppm
Alum = 20 mg/Lit
Co2 gas = ?
1 mg of Alum requires 0.45 mg of Alkaline
Total alum requirement/day
as caco3
= Q  alum dose
 20 mg/Lit of alum requires
= 12  14 = 168 kg/day
= 200.45 = 9 mg of alkaline as caco3 per
Al2(So4)3 = 18 H2o + Ca(HCO3)2
Lt of water
Total alkalinity matching filter  3CaSo4 + 2Al(OH)3 + 6CO2 + 18H20
Alum = 9 mg/Lit Molecular weight of alum = 666
= 10106 Lit /day = 90106 Molecular weight of 6CO2 = 6[c(O2)]
Total alkanity requirement (106 mg per day) = 6[12 + 2  16]
= 90 = 264
666 parts alum release = 264 parts of CO2
02. Ans: (d)
264
Sol: Natural available alkalinity = 6 mg/ Lit 1 part alum release = parts of CO2
666
 Alkalinity to be added additionally
264
= 9 − 6 = 3 mg/Lit 14 mg/l of alum release =  14 mg/l of CO2
666
 Alkaline to be added to the water = 5.54 mg/l of CO2
= 3  0.56 = 1.68 mg/Lt
Total quick lime required per year

04. Ans:120 kg/day, 24.168 kg/day 05. Ans: 37800 kg

Sol: Q = 12 MLD Sol: Q = 35 m3/min = 50.4 MLD
Dosage of ferrous sulphate 10 mg/l Dose of alum = 25 mg/l
Total quantity of ferrous sulphate and lime-? Total alum required in kg/day
= FeSO4 . 7H2O = Q (MLD)  dose of alum (mg/l)

= 50.4 25 = 1260 kg/day
Total quantity of ferrous sulphate req/day
Monthly alum requirement = 1260  30
= Q  dosage of ferrous sulphate
= 37800 kg
= 10  12
= 120 kg/day 06. Ans: (b)
FeSO4 7H2O + Ca(OH)2
p
Sol: G =
 CaSO4 + Fe(OH)2 + 7H2O V
Ca(OH)2  CaO + H2O
p
600 =
Molecular weight of FeSO4 . 2  1  10 3
7H2O = Fe + S + 4(O) + 7(2+H+O] P = (600)22110–3 = 720 watts
Molecular weight of CaO = 56 07. Ans: (d)

278 parts of ferrous sulphate required Sol: Q = 28800 m3/d; w = 1000 kg/m3
= 56 parts of CaO  = 106 m2/sec; G = 900 s1
1 part of ferrous sulphate required DT = 2 min
56 Volume of mixing basin = Q  DT
= parts of CaO
278 28800  2
V  40 m 3
56 24  60
10 mg/l of ferrous =  10 mg/l as CaO
278 P
G
= 2.14 mg/l V
Total lime as CaO required/day P
900  6
= Q  dose of CaO 40  10  1000
= 12  2.014 P = 32400 watts
= 24.168 kg/day

08. Ans:1613.92 watts

Chapter- 6
Sol: Q = 3000 m3/hr; G = 40 sec-1 Filtration
3
D.T = 20 min;  = 1.0087  10 N.s/m 2
20
Volume = Q  DT = 3000  = 1000 m3
60 01. Ans: 35.35 m, 17.67 m
L Sol: P = 50,000 person
=2 D = 0.40B
B ROF = 180 lit/hr/m2
L = 2B Q = Population  per capita demand
Volume 1000 Q = 50,000  150 = 7500000 lit/day
Surface area = 
depth 0.40B Design discharge Qdensity = 1.8  Q
1000 = 1.8  7500000
LB=
0.40B = 135  105 lit/day
B  2B  0.40B = 1000 ROF = 180 lit/hr/m2
0.80B3 = 1000 Q density
Total area of slow sand filter =
B = 10.77 m, L = 21.54 m, D = 4.3 m ROF
P 135  10 5 lit / hr
G= = = 3125 m2
v. 24  180 lit / hr / m 2
No. of filters in operations = 5

P (1 act as stand by)
40 =
1000  1.008  10 3
P = 1613.92 watts Area of each filter L  B
Total area
10. Ans: (b) =
no. of filters in operation
Sol:
3125
Q = 4.2 m3/min = = 625m2
5
V0 = 0.2 mm/sec;
L : B = 2 : 1  L = 2B
d = 3.5 m
2B  B = 625 m2
Q
V0 = B2 = 625/2
surface area
4.2 625
0.2  103 = B= = 17.67 m
60  A 2
A = 350 m2 L = 35.35 m

02. Ans: 11 Volume of water filter b/w back wash

Sol: Treated water Q = 10 MLD = ROF  duration of filtration  area of each
filter
= 10 103 m3/day 10 

= 5   24    200 = 23833.33m3
Rate of filtration RDF = 200 lit/hr/m2  60 
= 200 10–324 m3/day/m2 Volume of water used in back wash ROB 
Total area required to treat water
DOB  area
Q 10 10 3
10
  =65  200 = 1000 m3
RDF 200 10 3  24 60
= 2083.33 m2 % of filter water used in back wash
2
Area of each filter = 20 10 M volume of water filtered back wash
=
Total area of filters volume of filtered b / w back
No. of filters required =
area of each filter 1000
=  100 = 4.19%
2083.33 23833.3
=
200
= 10.41 ≃11 numbers 04. Ans: 9.48 m, 4.74 m, 0.225 m3/sec
Sol: Q = 0.25 m3/sec, No. of filters = 4,
03. Ans: 20 m, 10 m, 4.19% ROF = 5m3/m2/hr
Sol: Q = 24 MLD, ROF = 5 m3/hr/m2, Back wash rater, 10 l/m2/sec,
L.B = 2 : 1 L:B=2:1
1000 L = ?, B = ?
Total area of RSF req = = 200m2
5
24  10 6  10 3
Q= = 1000m3/hr
24
No. of filters = 1
Area of filter = 200 m2 Q 0.25
Total area of RSF = =
ROF 5
L: B = 200
60  60
2B  B = 200
0.25  60  60
200 200 = = 180 m2
B2 = = = 10 m 6
2 2 180
Area of each filter = = 45 m2
L = 2  10 = 20 m 4
L  B = 45

2B  B = 45  3 
2
271.75  0.6 
2B2 = 45  60  60   (1  0.4)
=
45 9.81  0.5  10 3 0.4 3  0.8
B= = 4.74 m
2 = 0.27 m
L = 2  4.74 = 9.48 m
= 10  45 = 450 liter/sec = 0.45 m3/sec 06. Ans: 0.032 m/sec, 0.6258 m
Sol: d = 0.65 mm, G = 2.66, n = 0.42,
Back wash water flow rate OB = velocity
(VB)  Area of each filter z = 65 cm = 0.65 mm
= 10  45 = 450 lit/sec
= 0.45 m3/sec g (s  1)d 2
Vs =
18
There are two troughs
9.812.66  1  0.65  10 3 
2
Q
Flow through each wash water = =
2 18  1.3  10  2  10 4
0.45 = 0.29 mm/sec
= = 0.225 m3/sec
2 VB = VS(ne)4.5
05. Ans: 0.27 m
ze 1 n
Sol: V1 = ir = 30 m/hr 
z 1 ne
L = 0.6 m  = 0.8
1.53 1  0.42
d = 0.5 mm n = 0.4 
z 1 ne
S = 2.68  = 110-6 m2/sec
Vs .d  1.5(1ne) 10.42  1.5  1.5 ne = 0.58
Re =
 1.5  0.58
ne =
3  (0.5  10 3 )  0.8 1.5
= = 0.33
1  10  6  60  60 ne = 0.613
1501  n  VB = 0.29(0.613)4.5 = 0.032 m/sec
f=  1.75
Re Head loss during back wash hb
150(1  0.4)
=  1.75 = z(1n)(s1)
0.33
= 0.6258 m
= 271.75
f .L.Vs2 (1  n )
hf =  3
gd n 

07. Ans: (a) 10. Ans: 144 m3/day/m2

1 100 1 100 Sol: Q = 1m3/sec = 86400 m3/day
Sol: , ln = ln
z 100  1 z 2 100   2 no.of filters = 14
Z1 = 0.05 m, 1 = 90%, 2 = 99% surface area of each filter = 50m3
Z2 = ? no. of filters in working condition
1 100 1 100 = 14 – 2=12
ln  ln
0.05 100  90 z 2 100  99 Q 86400
Loading rate = 
1 surface area 12  50
46.06 =  4.606
z0 = 144 m3/day/m2
4.606
 z2 =
46.06 11. Ans: 7.53
Z2 = 0.10 m 200 3
Sol: ROF : 200 m3 /day/m2 = m / hr / m 2
24
Common data for Question Nos. 08 & 09 1000 3
ROB : 1000 m3/day/m2 = m / hr /m2
24
08. Ans: (c)
DOB : 15 min
Sol: ROF = 200 m3/m2/d,
Filter water wasted for 30 min
Q = 0.5 m3/s, A = 50 m2
15 30
Q 0 .5 DOF : 24    23.25 hr
Total area = = 60 60
ROF 200
24  60  60 Amount of water filtered/day = ROF × DOF ×
= 216 mm2 (L× B)
200
=  23.25  L  B
24
09. Ans: (c)
Amount of water recycled & reused
216
Sol: No. of filters = = 4.32 ⋍ 5
50 = ROB  DOB  (L  B) + ROF 
Total no. of filters = 6 Duration of maturation  (L  B)

1000 15 200 30
   L  B    L  B  (2)
24 60 24 60
Percentage increase in filtered water

1000 15 200 30 0 .2
  L  B    L  B = = 0.66 mg/l
30
= 24 60 24 60  100
200 100
 23.25  L  B
24
Total bleaching powder required/day
250  100
=  100  7.526% = 3  0.66 = 1.98 = 2 kg/day
4650
03. Ans: (c)

Chapter- 7 Sol: Cl2 = 20,000 Cu m
Disinfection 8 kg. residual after 10 min = 0.15 mg/l
Q = 20,000 m3/day
Total Cl2 used = 8 kg/day
01. Ans: 51.2 sec
Residual Cl2 = 0.15 mg/l
Sol: No = 106
Dose of Cl2 = ?
Nt = 100
Demand = ?
 100 
n  6   6  10 3  30  t Total Cl2 = Q  design of Cl2
 10 
8 = 20,000  dose of Cl2 MLD
t = 51.16 sec
8
Dose of Cl2 = = 0.4 mg/l
20
02. Ans: (c)
Cl2 demand = Cl2 dose  Residual Cl2
Sol:
= 0.4  0.15 = 0.25 mg/l
Population = 20,000 at a per capita demand
= 150 lit/day
04. Ans: (b)
Q = 20,000  150 Sol:
3000000
= lit/day = 3 MLD
10 6 0.5 mg/l
=free cl2 residual Total
Bleaching powder = 0.2 mg/l 45
residual
Cl2 = 0.2 ppm = 0.2 mg/l 0.30 mg/l=combined residual
Ca(Ocl)2 = 30% available Cl2 0.5 mg/l

1.5 mg/l
Bleaching powder
Total residual = 0.3  0.5 = 0.80 mg/l
Cl 2 dose
=
% of Cl 2 bleaching powder

05. Ans: (b) 11. Ans: (a)

HOCL 1 Sol: Free residual
Sol:
HOCL  OCL  K
1  i  HOCL  OCL  2mg / lit as Cl 2
H
 moles 
0.9 =
1 2mg / lit   Cl 2    Mol. wt 1000
2.7  10 8  lit 
1
H 2
 Cl 2 (moles / lit )
+
H = 2.43  10 -7 2  35.5  1000
PH = log10   
1
H 
  Cl2  2mg / lit  2.816 10 5 (moles/lit)
 PH = 6.614
 1 
PH  7.5 PH  log10   
H 
09. Ans: 3.2 min
 H   10 7.5 moles / lit
2
Sol: Residual = 0.6 mg/l, K = 3  10 per sec
t=?
HOCL
OCL
 
 K  H   10 7.5  10 7.5
No  Nt
% of kill =  100 HOCL  OCL
No
kt
 HOCL  OCL  2mg / lit
99.7 (1e )100
 2.816  10 5 moles / lit 
99.7 = 1  e  310 2

 t  100
 2 OCL  2.816  10 5
99.7 = (0.029 t)  100
OCL  1.408  10 5 moles / lit
193.63
t = 193.63 sec =
60
= 3.2 min 12. Ans: (b)
1
Sol: Fraction HOCL =
10. Ans: (c) k
1
H
Sol: Percent removal %R 
pH = 7 H+ = 10–7 mole/lit
 10  10
6 2
 -
  6
  100  99.99% k = 2.5 10 8 mol/lit
 10 
1 1
= 8
 = 0.8
logR   log 10 6  log 10 2 = 6-2 = 4 2.5  10 1.25
1
10 7
13. Ans: (a) 14. Ans: 50.02 m3

1 Sol: % sewage kill ‘” = (1–e–kt)  100
Sol: Cnt = constant  t 
C
K = 0.145
C  Concentration of disinfectant
98 = (1–e-0.145t) 100
t  detention time (or) contact time
n  dilution factor.  t = 26.979 min
Volume of contact unit
Contact time “t” = Contact time “t” = detention time
Flow rate
V = 7.0358 min
=
Q Volume of disinfection unit = Q Dt
n
 C t = constant 2670
=  26.979 = 50.02 m3
 C1n t 1  C n2 t 2 = constant 24  60
V V
C1n  C n2 15. Ans: (d)
Q1 Q2
Sol: Oxidising power of cl2 = 35.5
C1n C n2
 Oxidising power of NHCl2 21.48
Q1 Q 2
% of chlorine in NHCl2
Total chlorine
C1 = oxidising power of NHC 2
Q   100
Oxidising power of C 2
32
C1   2 mg / l 21.48
16   100
35.5
21 C12 = 60%

16 22
22
 C2 = 2   2.75 mg/l
16
 Total chlorine required for 22 MLD
= Q2  C2
= 22 2.75
= 60.5 kg/day

Chapter- 8 (Q  Q B )  0  Q B  420
75   QB
Miscellaneous Water Treatment 2160
= 385.714 lit/day
05. Ans: (b) Flow that can be by passed = 385.714

Lit/day
Sol: liquid –gas system absorption.
gas Chapter- 9
Distribution System
Water
bubbles 02. Ans: (d)
03.
08. Ans: 385.714 Sol:
Sol: Q 75 mg/l QA =20
Q1 =30 B QB =?
(Q – QB) 4540 A
hf1 = 60
QB Cout = 0 Q4 = ? Q2 =?
Q5=?
hf4 = ? hf2 =40
CB= C hf5 = ?
= 420  = 100% D
Cout = 0
C
Q3=40
QD=100 hf3 = 120 QC=30
(Q – QB)
Q Unknown
Cin = 420
Q2 = ? A
Cin = 420 mg/l Q4 = 60 Q4 = 60
Cout = 75 mg/l Q5= 10 B

Q3 = 40 C
Q = 4  540 = 2160 lit/day QB = ?
Cin  Cout 420  75
= 100 = 100
Cin 420
= 82.142% Qa=20
Q2=30
 = 100%
Q4 =60 Q5=10
(Q  Q B )C out  Q B C B
C mix 
Q

+hf1  hf2  h f5 = 0
Q2=30 +60  40  hf5 = 0
Q5 =10 hf5 = 20
Q =40 Q4=30 Consider loop ACDA
A
hf5=20
QB = 50 hf4=?
30 B
D C
 HABCD = 0
20
+hf5  hf3 + hf4 = 0
20  120 + hf4 = 0
Consider loop ABCA, HABCA : 0 hf4 = 100
hf1=60
A B
hf2=40
hf5=?
06. Ans: 0.615 Q = 70

B
r=1 20
50
r=2
A
50 Q = 30
Q = 100 C

ht = r. Q1.8
HABCA = 0
(hf)AB – (hf)BC – (hf)AC = 0
rQ1AB
.8
 rQ1BC
.8
 rAC .Q1AC
.8
0
1 × (50)1.8 – 2 × (20)1.8 – rAC . (50)1.8= 0
703 = rAC × (50)1.8
rAC = 0.615
07. Ans: (c)

Sol: Water demand at 9th hour = 6.1 ML/hour
Water supply at constant rate = 1.5 m3/sec
Water augmented from a storage reservoir in ML/hour is
1.5  1000  60  60
= 5.4 ML/ hour
106

Waste Water Engineering
03. Ans: 0.1736 m3/sec, 2.015 m3/sec

Chapter-1
Introduction to Waste Water Engineering Sol: Population = 1,00,000
and Estimation of DWF & WWF QDwf = Population  percapita  factor
= 1,00,000  200  0.75
01. Ans: (b) = 15  106 lpcd = 15 MLD

Sol: Storm’s which occurs over catchment, if the = 0.1736 m3/sec
duration of storm is not given (while AIR 25.4a 25.4  40
Q= R= =
calculating storm water discharge resulting 360 tc  b 50  20
from the catchment) calculating time of = 14.51 mm/hr

concentration is assumed as duration of 100  0.5  14.15
= = 2.015 m3/sec
storm. 360
02. Ans: (a) 04. Ans: 2.508 m3/sec

Sol: Sol: P = 40000
A = 75 ha
Intensity(I) 
A i  Ii
A I = 0.70
Factor = 0.70
=
400.8  300.2  300.1 QDWF = Population  rate of flow  factor
40  30  30
QDWF = 400001200.70
= 0.41 = 0.0388 m3/sec
AIR 75  0.70  16.93
AIR Q WWF  
Q wwF  Where A = 16 ha 360 360
360
Qwwf = 2.47 m3/sec
I = 0.41 25.4  40
R  16.93 mm/hr
40  20
R = 5 cm/hr = 50 mm/hr
Combined discharge = 0.0388 + 2.470
 Q wwF 
160.4150  0.911 m 3 / sec = 2.5088 m3/sec
360

05. Ans: 0.323 m3/sec AIR

2
QWWF =
Sol: A = 1 km = 100 ha; P = 1000 no/ha 360
Rate of flow = 200 lpcd 150  0.45  22.57
=
360
Factor = 0.80
 25 . 4 a 
P = 100000 R  t  b 
 c

1.2  10  25.440  
I  0.5mm / hr
24  25  20  22.57 
100000  200  0.80  10 3 = 4.23
Q DWF 
24  3600 Q = QDWF + QWWF = 0.117+4.23
Q DWF  0.185 m / sec 3
= 4.34 m3/sec
R = 0.5 mm/h Q = AV
AIR 100  1  0.5 
Q WWF   4.34 =  D 2  3.2
360 360 4
QWWF = 0.138 m3/sec 4  4.34
D2   1.72
  3.2
QDesign = QDWF + QWWF
= 0.185 + 0.138 = 0.323 m3/sec D = 1.72  1.311m
03. Ans: (c)

Chapter-2
1
.R  .S1 / 2
2/3
Design of Sewers Sol: V 
n
The velocity of flowing full and flowing
02. Ans: 1.311 m half will be same
Sol: A = 150 ha V = 1 m/sec
P = 50,000
V = 3.2 m/sec [tc= te+tf = 5+20 =25 min] 04. Ans: 1 in 449
te = 5 min Sol: dia = 45 cm = 0.45 m
tf = 20 min Population = 30000; Q design = 3.5 QDWF
Q = 270 lt/d/c S=?
Impermissibility factor = 0.45 Running full
Factor = 0.75 n = 0.012 Factor = 0.80
QDWF = 50000  270  0.75 Rate of water supply = 150 lpcd
= 0.117 m3/sec

QDWF = Population per capita water supply

factor  1  1.25 
2/3
 1 
1/ 2
Q   1.25 
2
   
30000  150  0.80 8 0.011  4   360 
Q DWF 
24  10 3  60  60
QDWF = 0.0416 m3/sec Q = 1.35 m3/sec
Qdesign = 3.5 0.0416
= 0.1456 m3/sec 06. Ans: 0.656 m/sec, 1 in 2160
 2 Sol: Vself = ?
Running full A  D
4 Dia of sand particles d = 1 mm
D S = 2.65
R
4 K = 0.1
Qdesign = A. V
f = 0.03
 1
 D 2   R   S
2/3 1/ 2
n = 0.013
4 n
8K
 1  0.45 
2/3
Vself  S  1g.d
0.1456   0.45   S
2 1/ 2
  f
4 0.012  4 
S = 0.0022 8  0 .1
Vself  2.65  1  9.81  1  10 3
1 1 0.03
S ≃
448.5 449 Vself = 0.656 m3/sec
1
.R  S
2/3 1/ 2
Vself  V 
05. Ans: 1.353 m /sec 3 n
2/3
Sol: Q = ? 1 1
0.656  .  S1 / 2
d = 1.25 m 0.03  4 
1 1
S , n  0.011 S  4.63  10  4 
360 2159
Half-full S = 1 in 2159 ≃ 1 in 2160
 D
A  D2 R 
8 4
07. Ans: 0.36 m, 0.027 m3/sec, 0.43 m/sec
 2 1
D  R  S
2/3 1/ 2
Q  A.V  Sol: dia of sewer D = ?
8 n
n = 0.013
Q = 0.05 m3/sec
S = 1 in 1000
Flow full
 2 08. Ans: (a)

A D
4 1
Sol: Slope =
D 400
R
4 V = 0.7 m/s
Q = A. V dia of sewer = 600 mm
 2 1 1
D . .R  .S
2/3 1/ 2
Q slope =
4 n 200
 1 D
2/3
 1 
1/ 2
V=?
0.05  D 2 . .  .  1 D
V = R  3 (S) 2
2 1
4 0.013  4   1000  R=
n 4
D = 0.36 m 0.6
R=
If the flow were at 0.60 depth 4
d = 0.60 D 1 V

q=? n R 2 3 (S) 12
V=? 1  V   V 
  =  
d 0.6D
  0.60 n  R 2 3 S 12   R 
2 1
3 (S) 2 
full   half
D D
   
   
 0 .7   V 
d/D q/Q v/V = 1 

   0 .6   1  
2 2/3 1/ 2
  0.3   1  
3 2
    
0.60 0.54 0.88   4   400   full   4   200  
V = 1.59 m/s
q
 0.54
Q 09. Ans: (c)
q = 0.54  0.05 = 0.027 m3/sec  2
D v
v Q full A full V 4
 0.88 Sol:   2
Q half A half V  2
V D v
8
1
V  0.88  .R  .S
2/3 1/ 2
The Velocity remains same for the pipe
n
2/3 1/ 2
flowing full and half full, if diameter and
1  0.36   1 
V  0.88  .  .  bed slope remains same.
0.014  4   1000 
V = 0.43 m /sec

10. Ans: (c) 11. Ans: (c)

Sol: D = 300 mm ; D
2
D
2
    x
2
Sol:
q = 1728 m3/day ; 2
  4
 
n = 0.015 ;
D2 D2
S = 1/280 x2  
16 4
To find ‘Q’ o 
 1 3D D/2 D/2
Q = A.V = .D 2  .R 2 / 3 .S1 / 2 x  D/4
4 n 4 x x
2/3 1/ 2 x D/4
 1  0.3   1  Sin =
 .0.3 
2
    D
4 0.015  4   280 
= 0.05 m3/sec 2
3
= 4320 m3/day D
q 1728  4
   0.4 D
Q 4320 2
q 3
For  0.4; from the graph (given). 
Q 2
 = 60o
d
 0.5 Total angle @  = 120o
D 360o  2 r
d v 120o  ?
For  0.5, the  0.8
D V 2r  120
?
d 360
  0.5
D
2r
 d = 0.5 × 0.3 = 150 mm ?=
3
 D
  0.8 2 
V  2
3
 = 0.8 × 0.708 = 0.57 m/sec
D
Wetted perimeter =
3

(D0)S = 0.8 mg/l

Chapter-3 V0 (D 0 ) 0  VS (D 0 ) S
Characteristics of Sewage (D0)I = (D0)mixer =
V0  VS
285  8.8  0.8
= = 8.4 mg/l
01. Ans: 212.19 mg/lit 285  15
Sol: Ultimate BOD Lo = ? y 520  D 0 I  (D 0 ) F DF
6 ml  Waste  Do = 0
= 8.4  3.80   20 = 92 mg/l
294 ml  distilled  D0 = 8.6 mg/l
(D0)Final = 5.4 mg/l
03. Ans: (c)
K(base) e = 0.25d1
Sol: Fail in finding the BOD of waste water
V (D )  VS (D 0 ) S
(D0)Initial = D 0
V0  VS
04. Ans: 90 mg/l
294  8.6  6  0 0
= Sol: y 530 C
= sewage sample = 110 mg/l,
294  6
(D0)I = 8.428 mg/l KD(20) = 0.1/day = base 10
0
y 520 C = [D0)I (D0)F]  D.F y 530
0
C

= L 0 1  e Ktt 
0
300 y 520 C
=?
= 8.428  5.4
0
20 C
y 5
6 K20 (base 10) = 0.1 d1 = 2.3  0.1
= 151.4 mg/l = 0.23d1
0
5 day BOD at 200C y 520 C
y Tt C
0
y 530 C
0
L0 = =
y TOC
t 
 L 0 1  e K t t  
1  e k t t 
(1  e  k t t )
y 20
t
0
C
151.4  L 0 1  e K 20 0
 5  L0 1  e
y 30 
 K 30 t

151.4 = L0(1e0.255) KT = K20(1.047)T20
L0 = Ultimate BOD ‘L0’ = 212.19 mg/l K30 = 0.23(1.047)30-20
= 0.364d1
02. Ans: (d) 110 = L0(1e0.3645)
100 L0 = 131.78 mg/l
Sol: 5% dilution of sample = = 20
5 
y 520  L 0 1  e  K 20 5 
300 131.78(1e0.235) = 90 mg/l
= = 20
15
(D0)F = 3.80 mg/l , (D0)blank = 8.80 mg/l
05. Ans: 246.36 mg/l 07. Ans: 93.72%

Sol: y130
0
C
= 110 mg/l, y 520
0
C
=? Sol: Sr = 100(1-0.794t)
1
= 100(1-0.79412)
K(20) = 0.1d
Sr = 93.72%
= 2.3  0.1
= 0.23d1 08. Ans: 1%
y130 C  L 0 1  e 0.3641  Sol: BOD5 = 600 mg/l,
0
364.1
K = 0.23/d (base e); K = 0.23d1, L0 = ?
110 = L0(1e )
BODu remain unaxidised after 20 days =?
L0 = 360.5 mg/l
 
0
30-20
y 520 C
= L0 1  e K t t
K30 = 0.23(1.047)
1 600 = L0(1e0.235)
= 0.364d
L0 = 878.01 mg/l
y 520  L 0 (1  e  K 20 0 ) L20 = L0eKt
= 360.5(1e0.235) = 246.36 mg/l = 878.01  eKt
= 878.01 e0.2320 = 8.82 mg/l
06. Ans: 304000 8.82
% of unoxidised =  100  1%
878.01
Sol: Q = 80 106 l/d, y5 = 285 mg/l,
1% of BOD after 20 days
compute daily 5 day O2 demand
Total strength of waste = Q  y
09. Ans: (a)
= 80  285 Sol:
= 22800 kg/day Waste water Initial D0 D0 after 50
Q y Volume ml mg/l day
Population equation =
per capita BOD mg/l
22800 5 9.2 6.9
75 g =
per capita BOD 10 9.1 4.4
22800 kg / day 50 8.4 0.0

Per = 3
=
75  10 kg / day 300
Diluted = = 60
Population equation = 304000 persons 5
y 520 = [(D0)I  (D0)F]  DF
= [9.2 6.9] 60

= 138 mg/l 12. Ans: (c)

300 Sol: BOD3 = 75 mg/l, K = 0.345d-1 (base e)
y 520  9.1  4.4 = 141 mg/l
10 BOD = 10 days = ?
138  141 y 320  L 0 (1  e 0.3453 )
BODavg = = 139.5 mg/l
2
L0 = 116.31 mg/l
Lt = 116.31(1e0.34510)
10. Ans: (c)
Lt = 112.61 mg/l
Sol: K = 0.01h1 (base)
L0 – Lt = 116.31 – 112.61 = 3.7 mg/l
= 0.01 24 h1
= 0.24 h1 14. Ans: (b)
o
y 520  L 0 (1  e  Kt ) Sol: y 520 C
= 200 mg/l
190 = L0(1e0.01245) y 30
o
C
 y 520
o
C
5
190
L0 =
1  e 
0.24 5
= 271.89 mg/l  k 30 > k20
15. Ans: (c)

11. Ans: (d)
Sol: Ultimate BOD is independent of time and
Sol: y 520  180 mg/l, KT = K20(1.047)T-20
temperature and remain same at all
BOD = 2.5 day temperature.
y 20
5 
 L 0 1  e 0.185 
0 16. Ans: (b)
y T2.5C = 180 mg/l
 DO I  DO F  DF
o
Sol: y 520 C
0
y y 20 T C
5 2.5 100
= 8.5  5.5 = 150 mg/l
L 0 (1  e  K 20 5
)  L o (1  e  K T 2.5
) 2
K20  5 = K20(1.047)T-202.5
17. Ans: (a)
5
(1.047)T-20 = Sol: Organic matter in waste water is used as
2.5
food by micro organisms in BOD test.
(T-20)Ln(1.047)=Ln2
(T-20)0.045 = 0.693
T = 350C

18. Ans: (c) K30 = K20(1.047)30-20

Sol: y = 162 mg/l y 520  y 30
5
Q = 1000 m3/day
  
L0 1  e K 20 5  L 0 1  e  K 30 t 
Q = 1000  1000 lpcd = 1 MLD
K205 = K30t
Per capita BOD = 80 gm/capita
K205 = K20(1.047)30-20t
Population equivalent
5
total BOD t= = 3.158 = 3.3 days

per capita BOD 1.047 10
Qy 1  162
   2025
80  10 3
80  10 3 22. Ans: (a)
Sol: T>20oC
T=20oC
19. Ans: (b)
T< 20oC
Sol:
(D 0 )1 = 8 mg/l , (D0)f = 2mg/l
300
Dilution factor = = 150 ml
2
T> 20oC curve shift to the left
5 days BOD = (D 0 ) I  (D F ) D.F
= (82)  150 23. Ans: 128.1 mg/l

= 900 mg/l Sol:
y 520  ?
20. Ans: (a)
y 720  150 mg / 
Sol: Ferroin is used as indicator in COD test
K = 0.23d1
21. Ans: (c) 150 = Lo (1 e237)
Sol: Lo = 187.47 mg/l
y 520 = 250 mg/l, T = 300C, t = ? 
y 520C  L 0 1  e 0.235 
y 30
5 = 250 mg/l 
y 520C  187.47 1  e 0.235 
250 y 520  128.11 mg / 
L0 =

1  e  K t t 
gS  1d 2
Chapter- 4 Vs 
18
Treatment of Sewage
Vs 

9.81  2.70  1  0.21  10 3 2
18  1  10 6
02. Ans: (d)
Vs = 0.04089 m/sec
Sol: 12 m  1.50, H = 0.8 m, Q = 720 m3/hr
Vs = 4.089 cm/sec
L = 12 m, B = 1.50 m
Q
Surface loading rate = 06. Ans: (b)
surface area
Sol: L = 7.5 m
720
= = 40 m3/hr/m2 VH = 0.3 m/sec
12  1.50
 40000 lit/hr/m2 H = 0.9m
Volume of G.C L B H  1.002  10 3

D.T = = V= 
Q Q  1000
12  1.5  0.8 = 1.00210-6 m2/sec
= = 1.2 min
720
L H
60 For  = 100%, 
VH VS
04. Ans: (b)
Sol: Q =3 m3/sec, cross section of grit chamber = ?  VS = 0.036 m/sec
Q g d2 
Cross section area (B.H) = VS =  (s  1). 
VH 18  v 
Q 9.8 d2
A= 0.036 = 2.5  1.
VH 18 1.002  10 6 
3
A= = 10 m2 d = 0.21 mm
0.3
07. Ans: (a)

05. Ans: (b)
Sol: VH = 0.25 m/s
Sol: G = 2.70
D.T = 1 minute
d = 0.21 mm L = VH × D.T
Vs = ? = 0.25 × 1 × 60
 = 1102 cm2/sec = 1106 m2/sec = 15 m
For laminar flow condition

08. Ans: (d) 50,000  180

0.5 =
Sol: Q = 5005 m /d 3 1800  V
V0 = 35 m3/m2/d 50000  180

V=
0.5  1880
Q 5005
Surface area  
V0 35 V = 10,000m3
 2
d  143 03. Ans: (a)
4
Sol: X = 2000 mg/l
d = 13.5 m
V Volume occupied in ml
SVI = 
X MLSS in gm
Chapter- 5
Activated Sludge Process 176 176
=  = 88 ml/gm
2000 2
10 3
01. Ans: (a)
Sol: yi = 180 mg/l, VL = 550 gm of BOD per 1
Common Data for Question Nos. 4 to 7
cu.m of volume
Q = 50  106 l/d = 50 MLD, V = ? 04. Ans: (c)
Qy i Sol: Q = 35,000 m3/d, V = 10900 m3,
V.L.R. =
V yi = 250 mg/l, ye = 20 mg/l
50  180 MLSS = 2500 mg/l
550 103 =
V
V 10900
Aeration period =  = 7.47 hrs
550 103V = 9000 Q 35000
9000 24
V=
550  10 3
V = 16363 m3 05. Ans: (b)
F Q( y i )
Sol: 
M VX
02. Ans: (d)
35000(250) m 3 / d /( mg) / l
Sol: Q = 50 106 l/d = 50 MLD, yi = 180 mg/l, 
10,900  2500 m 3 / mg / l
F
= 0.5 d1, X = 1800 mg/l, V = ? = 0.32 d1
M
F Qy i

M VX
06. Ans: (c) Common data for Q 12 & 13

yi  ye 12. Ans: (c)
Sol: BOD =  100
yi Sol: Given,
250  20 Q = 500 m3/h
=  100 = 92%
250 yi = 150 mg/l
ye = 10 mg/l
07. Ans: (a)
D T = 8 hours
VX
Sol: Sludge age c = QC = 240 hours
Q w X U  Qe  X e
V = 4000 m3
10900  2500 mg
= m3  X = 2000 mg/l
220  9700  (35000  220)30 l
=8.57 days F Q.y i 500  150
 
M VX 4000  2000
08. Ans: (c) F

 9.375  10 3 per hour
Sol: SVI = 88 ml/gm, Xu = ? M
10 6 10 6 F
Xu =  = 11364 mg/l  9.377  10 3  24 per day
SVI 88 M
F
 0.225 per days
09. Ans: (d) M
Sol: V = 400m3, X= 1000 mg/l
13. Ans: (c)
Total amount of MLSS in aeration
Tank = VX mass of solid reactors
Sol: Q C 
mass of solid wasted per day
= m3 (mg/l)
= 400  1000  (1000 106) QC 
VX
= 400 kg mass of solid wasted per day
VX
Mass of solid wasted/day 
11. Ans: (c) QC
Sol: X = 2800 mg/l carried out 1 lit sample 4000  2000 1
  1000  6
V = 200 ml 240 10
24
200
SVI = = 71.4 ml/gm = 800 kg/day
2.8

14. Ans: (d) Sol: Given:

Sol: X = 4000 mg/l = 4 gm/l Flow rate (Q) = 10,000 m3/day
Volume = 200 ml Inflow BOD (yi) = 150 mg/lit
Volume 200 Outflow BOD (yE) = 20 mg/lit
SVI  
X 4 MLSS (X) = 3,000 mg/lit
SVI = 50 ml/gm We know
F Qy i

16. Ans: 7.5 days M VX
Sol: From the data X = 3000 mg/lit 10,000  150
VX 
Qw = 50 m3/day 0.25
Xu = 1000 mg/lit VX = 6  106
Q –Qw = 14950 m3/day (I) Volume of aeration tank
 Q–50 = 14950 m3/day 6 10 6
V (∵ X = 3000 mg/lit)
Q = 15, 000 m3/day 3 10 3
V = Q D.T  Volume = 2000 m3
= 15,000 2hr 2000
(II) Aeration period =  24 = 4.8 hours
2 10,000
= 15,000  = 1250 m3
24 (III) B.O.D removal efficiency
VX yi  y E
c    100
Q w x u  Q  Q w x e yi
150  20
  100
1250  3000 150
c 
50  10,000  14950  0  = 86.66%
= 7.5 days
(IV) Volumetric loading rate
3
17. Ans: i. (2000 m ) ii. (4.8 hrs) Qy i 10,000  150 1000
3 VL    6
iii. (86.66%) iv. 0.75 kg/day/m V 2000 10
v. 600 kg/day vi. 60 m3/day = 0.75 kg/day/m3
vii. 100
viii. 0.428 (V) Mass of sludge wasted per day
3
ix. 4285.71 m /day VX
MCRT   c 
Qw x u  Qe x e

100L 1kg
200m 3  300mg / L  3
 9
m 10 mg
10  Chapter- 6
mass of sludge wasted per day Trickling Filters
 Mass of sludge wasted per day = 600 kg/day 01. Ans: (c)
Sol: yi = 200 mg/l
(VI) Volume of sludge wasted per day ye = 40 mg/l
Qwxu + Qexe = mass of sludge wasted per day yi  ye
Qw(10,000) + (Q  Qw) (0) = 600 kg/day   100
yi
600
Qw   0.06 MLD 200  40
10,000   100  80%
200
10 6 L 1m 3
Q w  0.06  
1mL 1000L
02. Ans: (b)
Qw = 60 m3/day Sol: OLR = 0.175 kg/m3/day
yi = 150 mg/l
6 6
10 10 ye = ?
(VII) S.V.I    100 ml/gm
X w 10,000 100

S.V.I = 100 Q.y i
1  0.0044
V.F
Q
1 ha.m = 104 m3
X
(VIII) R  Recycling ratio  1 m3 = 104 ha. m
Q Xw  X
Qy i
Q 3000 kg of BOD/day/ ha.m
 R   0.4285 V
Q 10000  3000
OLR = 0.175 104 kg/ha.m/day
(IX)  Rate of return sludge
150  y e
QR = 0.4285 × 10,000   100
150
QR = 4285 m3/day
150  y e 100
 100 
150 0.175  10 4
1  0.0044
1
ye = 23.31 mg/l

03. Ans: 2.14m, 5142.85m3, 84.45%, 23.3 mg/l yi  ye

  100
Sol: Q = 6 MLD yi
yi = 150 mg/l 150  y e
84.45   100
OLR = 175 gm/m3/day 150
Depth of TF = ? ye = 23.32 mg/l
Vol. of TF = ?
SLR = 2500 l/m2/day 04. Ans: 633 m3
Sol: Single stage TF; ye = 20 mg/l
=?
yi = 120 mg/l; Q = 2200 m3/day
ye = ?
R = 4000 m3/day; V=?
Q
Surface loading rate 
surface area ∵ Recirculation is there it is high rate TF
 6  10 6 R 4000
 d2    1.81
4 2500 I 2200
d = 55.27 m R
1
F I
Q.y i 2
organic loading length   R
V 1  0.1 
 I
150  6
V F = 2.017
175  10 3
Q = 2200 m3/day
V = 5142.85 m3
Vol. of TF Q = 2200 1000 lpcd
Depth of TF  Q = 2.2 MLD
surface area of TF
yi  ye
5142.85   100
d yi
2400
d = 2.14 m 120  20
  100  83.33%
OLR = 175 103 104 kg/ha. m/day 120
OLR = 1750 kg/ha. m/day 100
83.33 
100 2.2  120
 1  0.0044
V  2.017
Qy i
1  0.0044 V = 0.0633 ha. m
VF
100 V = 633 m3

1  0.0044 175  10 3  10 4
 = 84.45%

05. Ans: (b)  sludge

(ii) = Ssludge
R w
Sol: If  1 then F>1
I  Sludge
R 1.02 =
1 w
 F I
2 sludge = 1.02 1000 = 1020 kg/m3
 R
1  0.1  mass of sludge
 I sludge =
Volume of sludge
06. Ans: (b)
17015.625
Sol: At the interface of media as the thickness of 1020 =
Volume of sludge
biofilm increases it leads to endogenous
decay & anaerobic conditions. 17015.625
Volume of sludge =
1020
= 16.68 m3/day
Chapter- 7
Sludge Digestion
03. Ans: (c)
V2 100  P1
Sol: 
01. Ans: 17105.62 kg/day, 16.68m3/day V1 100  P2
Sol: Q = 4.5 MLD 100  99
= = 25%
Total dry solids = Q sewage containing 100  96
= 4.5  275= 1237.5 kg % of reduction is volume = 100 V125V1
100 = 75% V1
Mass of sludge produced = M
100  P1 
05. Ans: (d)
Solids concentration in sludge
100  P1 100  98
55 Sol: V2 = P = P
=  275 100  P2 100  96
100
1 P
= 151.25 mg/l = (P) =
2 2
Total mass of dry solids produced/day
100
= M 07. Ans: 1.011, 1011 kg/m3
100  C 
Sol: Given solids content = 2%
100
=  680.625 Let solid be the mass density of solids
100  96
Solids again contain 70% volatile & 30% of
= 17015.625 kg/day
non-volatile
100 70 30
 we know    Chapter- 8
Ssolids S volatile Snon  volatile
Septic Tanks
100 70 30
  
Ssolids 2.2 2.7
 Ssolids  2.329 ≃ 2.4 01. Ans: 6.12 m  3.16 m
Sol: Discharge = 150  200  10–3 = 30 m3/day
Now let mass density of sludge as s and
specific gravity as Ss Given detention time = 24 hours
100 2 98 100 2 98  Volume of septic tank (v) = tQ
     
Ss Ssolids S water Ss 2.4 1
=
2430
 Ss = 1.011 24
= 30 m3
s = 1011 kg/m3
 Area of septic tank =
30 = 20 m2
1.5
08. Ans: (c)
Sol: P1 = 94% Solid content = 16% L
 Given  2 :1
P2 = 84% Water content = 100 – 16 B
= 84% L  B = 20
100  P1 2B  B = 20
V  V1
100  P2 B = 3.16 m
100  94 and L = 6.12 m
  14
100  84
= 5.25 m3 02. Ans: 0.6 m
Sol: Volume of sludge produced
= 3010–32002
= 12 m3
 depth of sludge zone
Volume of sludge
=
Area of septic tan k
12
  0.6m
20

03. (a) 9.6 m3 (b). 12 m3

Sol: Given sewage flow = 150 lpcd Chapter- 9
Sewage discharge = 150  10–3120 m3/day Oxidation Ponds
= 18 m3/day
V 4  2  1.5 01. Ans: L = 282.84m, B = 70.71m, D.T. = 50
Detention period =   16 hrs
Q 18m 3 / day days
(a) Volume of sludge = (Q  detention time) Sol: Q = population  per capita, supplyFactor
–3
= 40  10 1202 = 10,000 1000.8
3
V = 9.6 m
1000000  0.8
=  0.80MLD
10 6
(b) Volume of soakpit
y = 40 g/day
Q
= D.T = ?
Percolation capacity
80% of BOD removal BOD loading rate

150  120 = 12 m 3
= 200 kg = BOD/hect/d
1500
Q  yi
Surface area of pond =
BOD loading rate
04. Ans: (d)
Sol: V = 7 m3 0.8  500
= = 2 ha
No. of users = 5 200
R.S.P = 70 lit/capita/year
Total BOD = Q yi
V 7
Volume of sludge zone = = = population  per capita BOD
2 2
Cleaning interval = cleaning period = 0.8  yi = 10,000  10040  103
Volume of sludge zone = RSP × no. of user yi = 500 mg/li
× C.P
Surface area = 2 ha = 2  104 m2
7
 70  10 3  5  C.P
2 L = 4B
C.P 
7/2 L  B = 2  104
70  10 3  5
4B  B = 2  104
= 10 years
2  10 4
B= = 70.71 m
4
L = 4  70.71 = 282.84 m

Volume of pond L B H 1.5  10 6

D.T = =   10  15000 m 3
Q Q 10 3
282.84  70.71  2 Vol. of pond
= = 50 days Depth of pond, H 
0.8  10 6 Surface area of pond
10 3
15000
  1m
y  ye 15000
 = 80 : i  100
yi 04. Ans: (c)
500  y e Sol: Q = 10000  200, y = 300 mg/l
80 =  100
500
Organic loading = 310 kg/day/m
500.y e Q = 2 MLD
0.8 =  400 = 500 ye
500
Qy i
ye = 500  400 = 100 mg/l Surface area of pond =
BOD loading rate
2  300
= = 1.93 ⋍ 2 ha
02. Ans: L = 244.9 m, B = 61.23m, D = 1 310
Sol: P = 10,000 sewage flow = 150 lpcd
10000  150 Chapter- 10
Q  1.5 MLD
10 6 Disposal of Sewage Effluents
yi = 300 mg/l, ye = 30 mg/l,
OLR = 300 kg/ha/d 01. Ans: (b)
-1
kD = 0.23d , L:B = 4:1 Sol: yR = 200 mg/l, QR = 50 m3/s
1 300 yw = 8 mg/l, Qw = 500 m3/s
 D.T.  n = 10 days
0.23 30 QR yR  Qw yw
ymix =
Qy i 1.5  300 QR  Qw
 Surface area    1.5ha
OLR 300 50  200  500  8
=
LB = 1.510 m 4 2 50  500
ymix = 25.45 mg/l
4B B = 1.5104
B = 61.23 m
02. Ans: (c)
 L = 4 61.23 = 244.92 m
Sol: Waste water (DO)w = 2 mg/l
Vol of oxidation pond = Q DT QW = 1.10 m3/sec
(DO)R = 8.3 mg/l

QR = 8.70 m3/sec 04. Ans: (c)

DO w .Q w  (DO) R .Q R Sol:
DO mix 
Qw  QR River Waste water stream
2  1.10  8.3  8.70 QR = 12 m3/sec Qw = 2 m3/sec
DOmix 
1.10  8.70
(L0)R = 5 mg/l (L0)w = 90 mg/l
(DO)mix = 7.6 mg/l
03. Ans: 13.85 mg/l, 20.27 mg/l , 5.85 mg/l Q R (L o ) R  Q W (L o ) W

(L0)mix =
QR  Qw
Sol: QRw = 12000 m3/d, temp = 200C,
yw = 50 mg/l 12  5  2  90
= = 17.142 mg/l
D.O = concentration = 2 mg/l 12  2
QR = 40,000 m3/d, yR = 3 mg/l, Qmix = QR+Qw = 12+2 = 14 m3/sec
D.O = 7 mg/l, temp = 200C Q min 14
Velocity =   0.28 m / sec
K = 0.23 (to the base in decay curve) c / s area 50
QR yR  Qw yw Time taken by the river to travel 10 km
ymix =
QR  Qw
10  1000 1
12000  50  40,000  3 = 
=  13.84mg / lit 0.28 24  50  60
12,000  40,000
T = 0.413 days
Q R (DO) R  Q w (DO) w
(DO)mix = Ultimate BOD at 10 km d/s = Lt = Lo e–kt
QR  Qw
k = 0.25 1/day
12,000  2  40,000  7
= L0.413 = 17.142 e–0.25  0.413 = 15.459
12,000  40,000
= 5.85 mg/l ≃ 15.46 mg/l
ymix = L0(1ekt)
13.85
13.85 = L0(1e0.235) =
1  e 0.235 
L0 = 20.27 mg/l

50 30 10 10
=   
Chapter- 11 300 500 65 125
Solid Waste Management
100 100
= = 0.46 
Msw 0.46
01. Ans: 3870 Msw = 217.1 kg/m3
Sol: Total energy as discarded
=
04. Ans: (d)
Pi E i P1E1  P2 E 2  .........  Pn E n
 Sol: 50 g of Co2, 25 g = CH4, 1 million people,
100 100
rate of 500 ton/day
[20  2500  10  10000  10  8000 
10  14000  40  3500  5  14000  5  100] 120 parts of MSW release 50 parts of Co2

100 and 25 parts CH4 1 part of MSW release
75
= = 0.625 parts of green house
= 5805 kJ/kg 120
Moisture content of MSW 500 t of Msw release = 0.625  500
Total green house = 321.5 of green house
20  70  10  4  10  4  10  1  40  60  5  20  2  5  2 Per capita green house gas contribution

100 house gas
=
= 40% population of community
Total energy on dry basis 312.5
=  1000  1000
100 10,00,000
= energy as discarded 
100  %mc = 312.5 mg/l
100 07. Ans: (d)

 5805   9675 kJ/kg Sol: Indore method is aerobic method &
100  40
Difference in energy content = 9675 – 5805 Bangalore method is anaerobic method of
composting.
= 3870 kJ/kg
08. Ans: (c)

02. Ans: (b)
Sol: Plastic & rubber waste is disposed by
100 %F.w % DA %pla % WS
Sol:     pyrolysis. (burning in the absence of air) to
Msw Fw DA p WS
recover by products.

09. Ans: (d) 13. Ans: 13.6875

Sol: 40 + 35 = 75t Sol: Solid waste generated = 2 × 105 × 25 × 365 × 2
= 3.65 × 109 kg
10. Ans: (b)
Volume of un-compacted
Sol: Except human excreta all forms of solid
3.65  10 9
waste is treated as refuse. Sw  = 36.5 × 106 m3
100
Volume of compacted solid waste
11. Ans: 1.46 ha
Sol: Population = 65000 36.5 10 6
 = 9.125 × 106 m3
Rate of solid waste = 2 kg/capita/day 4
Solid waste generated = 65000 2 Compacted fill

 1.5
= 130000 kg/day Compacted solid waste
Solid waste generator per annum Volume of land fill (compacted fill)
= 130000365 = 9.125 × 106 × 1.5
= 47450000 = 13.6875 × 106 million m3
mass
Volume 
density
47450000 Chapter- 12
V Air Pollution and Control
650
V = 73000 m3
Volume 73000 05. Ans: (d)
Area = 
depth 5 Sol: CHCl3 = 12 + 1 + 3  35.5
A = 14600 m2  1.46 ha = 119.5 gm molecular.
Concentration = 0.4 g / m 3
12. Ans: (a) @ 2730 k
100 c c T1 = 2730 k T2 = 2930k

Sol:  1 2
sludge 1  2 P1 = 1 Pe = 1
100 V1 = 22.4 lit/ mol V2 =?

 sludge 
c1 c 2 P1 V1 P2 V2
 
1  2 T1 T2

22.4 V2 = 2.375  104  106

  V2  24.04 lit / mol
273 293 = 237.5 g/m3
PPm  gm.mole.  10 3
g / m 3 
lit / mol 14. Ans: (c)
PPm  119.5  10 3
Sol: 200001 m, No. = 50,000, rate
0.4 
24.04 = 2 gm/km/vehicle
PPM = 8.04710-5  10 3 [1billion  10 9 ] 1
= 2  50,000  20000 
= 0.08 10 6
Parts per billion = 2000 t
= 8.047 105 103 = 0.08
15. Ans: (b)
07. Ans: (a) Sol: A  Inversion
Sol: Dry air cools at 9.80 per km B  Sub adiabatic
 100 km C  Dry adiabatic
1 D  Super adiabatic
For km  5 0 fall
2
Final temperature at 500 m elevation 16. Ans: (a)
0 0 0
= 40 – 5 = 35 c Sol: Looping  Unstable atmospheric plume
behaviour conditions
08. Ans: (c)
Sol: Initial dry cot = 9.787 g, rate 17. Ans: (b)
3 3
= 1.5 m /min for 24 m Sol: during winter nights severe inversion
Final = 10.283 g occur.
w Initial  w final 
= filter paper
Volume of air sample 18. Ans: (c)
Volume of are sample = rate of rate simplify Sol: (A) Acid rain  SO2
 duration (B) Acute toxicity  CO
3
= 145  24  60 = 2088 m (C) Ozone liberation  NOX
Total suspended particulate (D) Green house effect  CO2
=
10.283  9.787 
2088
= 2.375  104 gm/m3
19. Ans: (a) 300

Number of bags required =
Sol: Lapse rate  0.45  7.5
dT 21.25  15.70 1.42 = 28.29 ≃ 29

=  
dt 444  4 100
Lapse rate > ALR (–1oC / 100 m) 23. Ans: 8012.38
(–1.42 /100 m) Sol:  of ESP is given by
 it is super adiabatic lapse rate.  AW
 = 1– e Q
when  = 96% A = 5600 m2

20. Ans: (c)
 = 97% A = 6100 m2
Sol: ESP and fabric filters remove very fine
 = 99% A=?
5600 w
21. Ans: 0.011268 0.96 = 1 – e 185
 W = 0.1063 m/sec
P  A 0.1063
Sol:  41.6 mo / m 3 0.99 = 1 – e 185
 A = 8012.38 m2
RT
RT plate area of collector A = 8012.38 m2
 103 = constant = 24.038
P
24.038 24. Ans: 592.88
1g / m 3  ppm
M  10 3 Sol: % sulphur in coal = 2
24.038 Rate of coal consumption = 30 kg/min
30 g/m3 of SO2   30
64  10 3 % sulphur in ash = 6
= 0.011268 ppm
 t 
SO2 emission =    ?
 year 
22. Ans: (b)
Total sulphur produced = Rate of Coal
2
Sol: v = m / sec consumption % sulphur in Coal
60
Q 2 365  24  60
Total surface area of bags required = 30  kg / min  t / year
v 100 1000
10 (Convert in to tonn/year)
= 300 m2
2 / 60
Surface area of each bag = dH
=  0.45  7.5

SO2 emission of gas = 28284.27

= 20log10 = 63 dB (or)
2 365  24  60  100  6  20
30     = 296.45 /year
100 1000  100  (or) 60 + 3 = 63 dB
S + O2  SO2
02. Ans: (b)
S = 32
Sol: L1 = 80 dB, L2 = 60 dB
SO2 = 64
80 + 0 = 80 dB
32 Parts of sulphur = 64 parts of SO2
64 03. Ans: (a)
1 Part of SO2 = parts of SO2
32 1  20 56 66 42

Sol: I = 20log10  10 20  10 20  10 20  10 20 
296.4 t/year of sulphur produce 4  

= 56.8 Db
64
=  296.4 t/year of SO2
32 04. Ans: 87.30
64  n 
SO2 emission =  296.4 Sol: Leq = 10 log10  10 Li / 10  t i 
32  i 1 
= 529.8  10 80 5
L eq  l0 log 10 10 80 / 10   10 60 / 10   10 100 / 10  
 95 95 95 
Leq= 87.30 dB
Chapter- 13
Noise Pollution
05. Ans: (c)
Sol: P = 2000  bar
01. Ans: (b) Particular = 105 N/m2cPa)
Sol: Prms 1  bar 106 105 N/m2 = 0.1 Pa
P1 P  106  105 106 = 10 Pa
L1 = 60 dB = 20log10 = 20log10 1
P0 20
1  bar = 106 MPa
P1 = P2
2000  10 5
Prms = 200002  200002 1 = 20 log10
20
= 140 dB
= 28284.27 dB
Prms
Total SPL = 20log10
P0

06. Ans: (b) Source L1  P1

Sol: By Providing roofing as well as ceiling. Source L2  P2
Reflection noise is absorbed. Source L3  P3
L1 = 20log10
07. Ans: (a)
P1
I
Sol: SPL = 20 log10 P0
I0
(or)
2
09. Ans: (c)
 I 
= 10 log10   Sol: 50 dB + 50 dB
 I0 
50 + 3 = 53 dB
08. Ans: (a)

10. Ans: 74 dB
P
Sol: 20log10 =L Sol: L1 = 80 dB, r1 = 20 m
Pr ef
L2 = ?, r2= 40 m
P = 0.0002 
r 
2.0002  10 5 L 2  L1  20 log10  2 
L = 20log10  r1 
20
= 0 dB  40 
L 2  80  20 log10  
When 2 (or) more source emited sound at a  20 
time then total sound pressure level L2 = 73.98 dB
Pr ms ⋍ 74dB
= 20log10
P0

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02. Ans: (c)

04. Ans: 68000 P2020 = ?

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ro = latest per decade percentage increase in

44,000  28,000 increase

14. Ans: (d) 300  10 7  700  10 5

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1 1 27. Ans: (d)

HCO 3 = 61 mg/l NCH = 100 mg/l as CaCO3

18. Ans: (d) TH ⋍ 179 mg/l as CaCO3

OH   10 8.6 mol / lit H   10 9.25 mol / lit

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02. Ans: (d) g(s  1)d 2

03. Ans: (c)

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9.812.65  10.03  10 3  L:B = 3:1, d = 3 m,  = 1.01  106 m2/s

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For 100% removal VS = V0 Common data for Question Nos. 14 & 15

 = 103 kg/m-s,  = 1000 kg/m3, G = 2.65, p = 2.65 w

Sol: VS1 = 0.1 mm/s,

Percentage VS VS 18. Ans: 3.1214

Overal removal = Pii 18  1.0105  10 6

w = 1000 kg/m3 Vo = 40 m3/m2/day = 40 m/day

g  p   w d 2 = 4.629 × 104 m/sec

20. Ans: 112.66 21. Ans: (b)

23. Ans: (b)

3 0.1 100 0.1

Total = 165 mg/ l

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Total quick lime required per year

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04. Ans:120 kg/day, 24.168 kg/day 05. Ans: 37800 kg

= FeSO4 . 7H2O = Q (MLD)  dose of alum (mg/l)

Molecular weight of CaO = 56 07. Ans: (d)

= 12  2.014 P = 32400 watts

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08. Ans:1613.92 watts

No. of filters in operations = 5

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02. Ans: 11 Volume of water filter b/w back wash

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07. Ans: (a) 10. Ans: 144 m3/day/m2

Total no. of filters = 6 Duration of maturation  (L  B)

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03. Ans: (c)

Ca(Ocl)2 = 30% available Cl2 0.5 mg/l

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05. Ans: (b) 11. Ans: (a)

13. Ans: (a) 14. Ans: 50.02 m3

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05. Ans: (b) Flow that can be by passed = 385.714

Cout = 75 mg/l Q5= 10 B

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06. Ans: 0.615 Q = 70

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07. Ans: (c)

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Waste Water Engineering

03. Ans: 0.1736 m3/sec, 2.015 m3/sec

01. Ans: (b) = 15  106 lpcd = 15 MLD