BAC2019 ‫ازن‬# E‫ ا‬c d #:e !

&' ZfZg chij ‫ر‬# k :04‫ ة‬d#E‫ا‬

:01 ÑÒJvÓx‫ا‬
ZlZmn o#p ‫ ث و‬d rs 0t ‫ رة‬mt rvwx‫ ا‬Aiy p‫ ا‬zf{| ‫~ وا }ي‬p #= ($%‫ ا‬Aiy
.Jiy ‫ ا‬rvwx‫ ا‬ÔÇÕ …Á
!&' ()* ‫‹ س‬Œ* % ‫ و‬Af‡ˆ‰ % r(2• €•E‫ ت ا‬Z ‚ $%‫ ا‬ƒ„#p …† E‫ ن ا‬ZmE‫ا‬
. ‫•ل‬Ž••‘‫ ا‬pH c ËÌ ( HCOOH / HCOO − )
.! ‫ رو‬$%‫ *)( '&! ا‬pKa ” • ‫ إ‬.~’“ o‫ر إ‬-_ pH = pKa . ‫ن‬#1p ! "= ‫… أي‬Á -1
.‫‹ س‬Œ* % ‫ و‬Af‡ˆ‰ % XY9 pH = 5 ro‫ أ‬0 -2
، [ HCOOH ]eq = 2.  HCOO −  ro‫ أ‬0 ‫•ل‬Ž••‘‫ ا‬pH XY9 -3
eq

. pKa ‫ و‬pH XY— !˜™šlE‫ ل ا‬fl — pH ÍE‫! ا‬fZ˜ ‫ د‬o‫ إ‬0123 r²

!" ‫ا‬#$%‫ *)( '&! ا‬+,-. ‫ ان‬0123 4,18
:02 ÑÒJvÓx‫ا‬
pH §¨"= c 0 = 2, 90.10−4 mol / L …†#$%‫ه ا‬œ•g-ž ‫ل‬#Ÿ ¡ ‫•ن‬Ž FGH¢ 789 ‫ي‬# :£ cho#¤ ¥?¦
.!&' ()* HIn !Z BCD‫! ا‬K E‫ ا‬0 `a¤ FGHIE‫•ل ا‬Ž:¡ ( HIn / In − ) ‫ ب‬FGHI)*
.‫ ء‬$%‫ ا‬5 HIn r9 Kk c ‫ د‬l Å g‫ أ‬-1
.‫•ل‬Ž••‘‫… ا‬Á  H 3O +  XY9 -2
f

.‫ ء‬$%‫ ا‬5 HIn r9 Kk ‫ " م‬E !&' ª«E‫! ا‬m¬-E‫ ا‬XY9 FGHIE‫•ل ا‬Ž:¡ 0 V = 100mL Ø¿À ‫ ر‬m t — -3
.~’“ o‫ر إ‬-_ Z®¢ ABCD‫`د ا‬°± r²
.!&' ()* !" ‫ا‬#$%‫ ا‬Ka !Ù#BCD‫ ا‬Ó Ä ‫ رة‬mt XY9 -4
. K = 1,95.10
1, 95.10−5 ‫ أن‬³´µk ‫ازن‬# E‫ ا‬c d t ‫ ة‬o‫ا‬# $%‫اع ا‬#= ‫· ا‬IE !ZE#$%‫ ا‬œ•g‫ا‬S¸E‫¬ ب ا‬¤ l— -5
.‫ ول‬º ‫ ا‬0 ˜™š =‫ ا‬FGHIE‫ ا‬789 ‫ف‬Jlk »¼ !&' ()* pKa ” • ‫ إ‬-6

FGHIE‫ا‬ ABCD‫ن ا‬#E …ΕŽE‫ ا‬S•Ï E‫¡ ل ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن ا‬#E pKa

‫ل‬#OPQ# ‫و‬STE‫أزرق ا‬ JKL‫أ‬ 6, 2 − 7, 6 ‫أزرق‬ 7,0
XYE ‫ل‬# ZKE‫ا‬ ‫ ف‬KG 8, 2 − 10, 0 ‫وردي‬ 9,4
‫^]\[ول‬# ‫و‬-_ `ab‫أ‬ JKL‫أ‬ 3,8 − 5, 4 ‫أزرق‬ 4,7

:03 ÑÒJvÓx‫ا‬
‫ات‬#= >?‫ إ‬0 0,02mol 789 ‫ي‬# :; V = 200mL ¾f¿À ‫•ل‬Ž:¡ …Á C 6 H 5COOH ~p ‫و‬œ½mE‫ ا‬Aiy 0 1, 22g Ü?ÝÞ :
. ~p #= >? ‫ ا‬Aiy ‫•ل‬Ž:¡ 0 0,005mol ‫ ( و‬N a + ; C H 3 C O O − ) ‫م‬#p‫د‬# E‫ا‬

.r9 K E‫ ا‬c ‫ د‬l Å g‫أ‬ -1

. K ‫ازن‬# E‫ ا‬Ó Ä Å¬¤‫أ‬ -2
. chBÈD‫ر ا‬# k ‫ ه‬£‫ إ‬#² . Qri …Æ‫ا‬ ’“ ‫ ا‬r9 K E‫` ا‬Çg Ŭ¤‫أ‬ -3

. xeq Ŭ¤‫ ¼» أ‬، xeq c ËÌ Qrf 0t ST9 »¼ ، r9 K E‫م ا‬ "k ‫ ول‬o É°Ê‫أ‬ -4

. ‫ازن‬# E‫ا‬ t !&' ZfZ1ÍE‫اع ا‬#=‹Œ* …†#$%‫ ا‬œ•gS¸E‫ ا‬Ŭ¤‫أ‬ -5

PKa2 (C 6 H 5COOH / C 6 H 5COO − ) = 4,3 : ‫ ت‬Z l$%‫ا‬

PK a1 (C H 3C O O H / C H 3C O O − ) = 4, 8

‫ري‬ :‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ! G k : !p #= Ä 1

 BAC2019 ‫ازن‬# E‫ ا‬c d #:e !&' ZfZg chij ‫ر‬# k :04‫ ة‬d#E‫ا‬
:01 ÑÒJvÓx‫ ا‬rd

…á ‫ ( و‬HCOOH )% = ( HCOO )% = 50% : ‫ [ أي‬HCOOH ] f =  HCOO  ‫ن‬#1p

− −
t PH = PKa ‫ن‬#1p -1
f

PH = PKa ( HCOOH / HCOO − ) = 3,8 : e ‫ " ط‬Â — ، XY= ZmE‫ ا‬5n "k ! "=
( HCOOH )% = 8% ; ( HCOO − )% = 92% : PH = 5 ro‫ أ‬0 ‫ س‬ã ‫ و ا‬Af‡ˆ‰ !p #ä$%‫! ا‬m¬-E‫ ا‬-2
: [ HCOOH ]eq = 2  HCOO  ro‫ أ‬0 PH ÍE‫ ا‬XYZlk -3
−
eq

: ‫ أن‬çèl= ‫و‬ [ HCOOH ]eq = 2  HCOO −  eq ‫أن‬ 2æ: (1‫ط‬

[ HCOOH ]eq +  HCOO −  eq = 100%

2  HCOO −  +  HCOO −  = 100%
eq eq

3  HCOO −  = 100%
eq

  HCOO −  = 33, 33%

   eq

 [ HCOOH ]eq = 66, 67%
PH = 3,5 : e ‫ " ط‬Â —
 HCOO − 
PH = PKa + log eq
‫ ل‬fl éêë23: (2‫ط‬
[ HCOOH ]eq
 HCOO − 
.
PH = 3,8 + log 0,5 = 3,5 : ¾ ‫و‬ eq
= 0, 5 : ¥?¦ ‫و‬
[ HCOOH ]eq
:02 ÑÒJvÓx‫ ا‬rd

HIn( aq ) + H 2O(l ) = In(−aq ) + H 3O(+aq ) : r9 K E‫ ا‬c ‫ د‬l -1

 H 3O +  = 10− PH = 10−4,2 = 6,3.10−5 mol / L -2
f

n( HIn) = C0 .V = 2,9.10 .10 = 2,9.10−5 mol : …á!&'‫“’ ا‬Â ‫ ا‬ABCD‫! دة ا‬Ziì -3

−4 −1

: r9 K E‫ا‬ ‫" م‬k ‫ ول‬o -4

r9 K E‫ ا‬c ‫ د‬l HIn( aq ) + H 2O(l ) = In(−aq ) + H 3O(+aq )
chBÈD‫ ا‬c d x(mol ) ‫ " م‬E‫ا‬ ‫ل‬#í$%î— ‫دة‬îï$%‫! ا‬Zfíg
!&'‫“’ ا‬Â ‫ ا‬c ò ‫ا‬ 2,9.10−5
‫ دة‬p ðñ —

0 0 0
!ZE "’óÂ ‫ ا‬c ò ‫ا‬ x 2,9.10 − x −5
x x
!&' ª«E‫ ا‬c ò ‫ا‬ xf 2,9.10 −5 − x f xf xf

: ¥?¦ r9 K E‫" م ا‬k ‫ ول‬o 0

‫ري‬ :‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ! G k : !p #= Ä 2

BAC2019 ‫ازن‬# E‫ ا‬c d #:e !&' ZfZg chij ‫ر‬# k :04‫ ة‬d#E‫ا‬
 xmax = C0 .V
 +
 x f = nH 3O + =  H 3O  .V

xf  H 3O +  .V  H 3O +  6,3.10−5
τf = = f
= f
= = 0,21 : ‫ '&! *) " م‬ª«E‫! ا‬m¬-E‫ا‬
xmax C0 .V C0 2,9.10−4

. ‫ء‬î$%‫… ا‬Á ُ Z®¢ ‫`د‬ö•÷ ABCD‫ †… ا‬E — ‫و‬ τ 〈 1 …Æ ª«E‫ " م ا‬E‫! ا‬m{ô ¥?¦

 In −  .  H 3O + 
Ka = f
......(1) : #² ( HIn / In − ) !&' ()* !Ù#BCD‫ ا‬Ó Ä -5
[ HIn] f
Ka = K ‫ء‬î$%‫… ا‬Á FZlÙ Aiy c d …Á -6
H 3O + ; OH − ; In − ; HIn : …á ‫•ل‬Ž••‘‫… ا‬Á ‫ ة‬o‫ا‬# $%‫ '&! ا‬ZfZ1ÍE‫اع ا‬#=ã ‫ا‬

• [ HIn ] = C0 −  H 3O +  = 2,9.10−4 − 6,3.10−5 = 2,27.104 mol / L

•  H 3O +  =  In −  = 6,3.10−5 mol / L

− 10−14 10−14
• OH  = +
= −5
= 1,6.10−10 mol / L
 H 3O  6,3.10

−5 (6,3.10−5 ) 2
K ≠ 1,95.10 : ¾ ‫ و‬Ka = −4
= 1,75.10−5 : e(1) !˜™šlE‫… ا‬Á Ap #l E —
2,27.10
PKa = − log Ka = 4,7 -7
‫^]\[ول‬# ‫و‬-_ `ab‫ أ‬#² ‫•ن‬Ž$%‫ ا‬FGHIE‫ ول أن ا‬º ‫ ا‬0 ” •{ô

: 03ÑÒJvÓx‫ ا‬rd

C6 H 5COOH ( aq ) + CH 3COO(−aq ) = C6 H 5COO(−aq ) + CH 3COOH ( aq ) : r9 K E‫ ا‬c ‫ د‬l -1

: K ‫ازن‬# E‫ ا‬Ó Ä ‫¬ ب‬¤ -2
C 6 H 5C O O −  .[C H 3C O O H ]f
K = f

[C 6 H 5C O O H ]f . C H 3C O O −  f
C H 3C O O −  .  H 3O + 
−
K a1 = (C H 3C O O H / C H 3C O O ) = f f
= 10 − PK a1
[C H 3C O O H ]f
C 6 H 5C O O −  .  H 3O + 
−
K a 2 = (C 6 H 5C O O H / C 6 H 5C O O ) = f f
= 10 − PK a 2
[ 6 5
C H C O O H ]f
K a 2 C 6 H 5C O O  f .[C H 3C O O H ]f
−
10 − PK a 2
= = = K = 3,16
K a1 [C 6 H 5C O O H ]f . C H 3C O O −  10 − PK a1
f

: Qr (0) ‫¬ ب‬¤ -3

‫ري‬ :‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ! G k : !p #= Ä 3

BAC2019 ‫ازن‬# E‫ ا‬c d #:e !&' ZfZg chij ‫ر‬# k :04‫ ة‬d#E‫ا‬
C6 H 5COO −  .[CH 3COOH ]0
…Á chBÈD‫ر ا‬# k ‫ ه‬£‫ إ‬Qr (0) = 0

[C6 H 5COOH ]0 . CH 3COO − 

=0 ; ( C H COO 
6 5
−
0
=0 )
0
Qr 〈 K . `ù m$% ² £Â ‫ا‬
: r9 K E‫" م ا‬k ‫ ول‬o -4
r9 K E‫ ا‬c ‫ د‬l C6 H 5COOH ( aq ) + CH 3COO(−aq ) = C6 H 5COO(−aq ) + CH 3COOH ( aq )
chBÈD‫ ا‬c d x(mol ) ‫ " م‬E‫ا‬ ‫ل‬#í$%î— ‫دة‬îï$%‫! ا‬Zfíg
!&'‫“’ ا‬Â ‫ ا‬c ò ‫ا‬ 0 10−2 2.10−2 0 5.10−3
!ZE "’óÂ ‫ ا‬c ò ‫ا‬ x 10 −2 − x 2.10 −2 − x x 5.10−3 + x
!&' ª«E‫ ا‬c ò ‫ا‬ xf 10 −2 − x f 2.10 −2 − x f xf 5.10 −3 + x f
m 1, 22
n 0 (C 6 H 5COOH ) = = = 1.10 −2 m ol
M 122
C 6 H 5COO  .[CH 3COOH ]f
−
x f (0, 005 + x f )
K = Q rf = f
= 3,16 =
[C 6 H 5COOH ]f −
. CH 3COO 
f
(0, 02 − x f )(0, 01 − x f )
2,16 x f + 0, 0998 x f − 6,32.10 −4 = 0 ⇒
2
∆ = 0, 004
:¾ ‫و‬
x f1 = 9.10 −3 mol

x f2 = 3,6.10−2 mol → !Ù# ú,

: ‫ازن‬# E‫ا‬ t !ZE#$%‫ ا‬œ•g‫ا‬S¸E‫¬ ب ا‬¤ -5
0, 02 0, 02
 Na +  = = = 1.10 −1 mol / L
V 0, 2
0, 01 − x f 0, 01 − 0, 009
[C 6 H 5COOH ] f = = = 5.10 −3 mol / L
V 0, 2
0, 02 − x f 0, 02 − 0, 009
 CH 3COO −  = = = 5,5.10 −3 mol / L
f V 0, 2
x 0, 009
 C 6 H 5COO −  = f = = 4,5.10 −3 mol / L
f V 0, 2
0, 005 − x f 0, 005 − 0, 009
[CH 3COOH ] f = = = 7.10 −3 mol / L
V 0, 2

‫ري‬ :‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ! G k : !p #= Ä 4