Course: Technical Report Writing

Teacher Name: Miss Saniya Safi

Timing: 11:20 Am to 12:25 Pm
Section: A

Research Essay

Group
Name
Code x
Sr.No Name Roll Number Contact No / E-mail

Ali Haider B-19749 0300-8817174

1

Omer Tariq B-19993 0322-8423327

2

Ammar Wasif B-20414 0335-1606574

3

Hafiz Zahran B-19799 0324-4833247

4

5 Mahad Ashraf B-20203 0348-4206403

6 Hafiz M Awais B-20218 0301-4267966

 INTRODUCTION:
Balochistan was incorporated into the new state of Pakistan in 1948, as the Indian
subcontinent was split at the end of British rule in 1947.
Balochistan is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, located in the southwestern region
of the country. Its provincial capital and largest city is Quetta. It shares borders with
Punjab and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas to the northeast, Sindh to the
southeast, the Arabian Sea to the south, Iran to the west, and Afghanistan to the north.
Most of the province’s inhabitants are Baloch people, Pashtuns and Brahuis, although
there are smaller communities of Hazaras, Sindhis, Punjabis, and other settlers such as
Uzbeks, and Turkmens. The name Balochistan means “the land of the Baloch” in many
regional languages. Although largely underdeveloped, the provincial economy is
dominated by natural resources, especially its natural gas fields, which supply the entire
country. Gwadar Port also plays a significant role in the economic development of the
province.
Balochistan is noted for its unique culture, extremely dry desert climate.
Since then, there have been continuous military operations during different
governments which generated sense of alienation in the mind of Baloch people.
Also insurgencies by Baloch nationalists in the province seeking greater autonomy.

 History Of Balochistan:
Before joining PAKISTAN, BALOCHISTAN had four states
MAKRAN, LAS BELA, KHARAN, and KALAT.
MAKRAN, LAS BELA, And KHARAN joined PAKISTAN in 1947.
 KALAT choose Independence.
In April 1948, PAKISTAN deployed armed forces to KALAT, and the khan was forced to
accede to PAKISTAN.

 Military Operations in Balochistan:

The Pakistan Army started military operations in Balochistan province in 2001 to
construct the cantonments and to have full control over the sea port of Gawader and
routes connecting Central Asian countries with those in South Asia.
During this time, the clampdown in Balochistan has become serious.
Due to its common border with Afghanistan, the United States considers Balochistan
territory as important for military operation against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.
In fact, the United States has military bases in Dalbandin and Pasni on the Balochistan
coast.

 Military and Paramilitary Abuses:

ISI has also been accused of human rights abuses in Balochistan, with the
disappearances of nationalists and activists.
In 2008, an estimated 1102 people were disappeared from the region.
There have also been reports of torture and roadside bodies having been shot.
In 2011, the Human Rights Commission reported ISI and Frontier Corps as the
perpetrators in illegal disappearances in Balochistan.
In 2012 the government denied allegations over the use of death squads operating in
Balochistan in the Supreme Court.
Daily news reported that ISI and Frontier Corps puts abducted Baloch's to death illegally.
Balochistan’s former chief minister Sardar Akhtar Jan claimed the current disturbances
in Balochistan were due to enforced disappearances.

 Nato Attacks in Balochistan:

In 2011 NATO attack in Pakistan (also known as the SALALA INCIDENT) occurred when
U.S. led NATO forces engaged PAKISTANI forces at two Pakistani military check posts
along the AFGHANISTAN-PAKISTAN border on Saturday, 26 November 2011.
24 Soldiers embraced Shahadat.

 Law is Prohibited in Balochistan:

 The situation of human rights in Balochistan is worsening day by day due to the heavy-
handed policies being adopted by the government and the Pakistan military towards
nationalist groups.
Not a single day in Balochistan passes without enforced disappearances, abductions,
arrests, torture in military or Frontier Corp’s camps and the murder of the opponents.
It looks as if the law is prohibited in the province.

 Assassination of Bugti:

Nawab Akbar Bugti was a famous Baloch leader and head of Bugti Tribe, involved in
struggles, in Balochistan in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s.

He was accused by government of running a well-organized militia, called as Balochistan

Liberation Army (BLA)

According to the Government, he was directing a “Mullah Omar” style guerrilla war.
In 2006, General Pervez Musharraf targeted him.

 Sardar Akbar Khan Bugti:

The killing of a renowned politician, Sardar Akbar Khan Bugti, former governor and chief
minister of the province and some 37 of his supporters in a mountain hideout by the
Pakistan military on August 26, 2006, has thrown the country headlong towards a
disaster that can only be avoided by strong international and national efforts.
The country now faces the prospect of outright war between the armed forces and the
people of Balochistan.

 A mindset to kill the people Indiscriminately:

Mr. Ghulam Shabbir Shiekh, the deputy inspector of police, Naseerabad range,
announced that the police will kill 40 local persons in revenge for the militants’ alleged
abduction and murder of 20 policemen in July and August.
No targets, however, were specified.
Mr. Shiekh also threatened that if any bullet was fired at the police, the police would fire
100 bullets indiscriminately back at the locality from where the bullet was fired.
If any rocket was fired at police stations, the police would fire 10 rockets back.

 Negaive Effects on The Entire Region:

 The official circles spreading fears that India could take advantage of the looming
instability in Pakistan and provoke a new disastrous war between the two big rivals;
alternatively, current and retired military officials who have themselves blamed India for
the militancy in Balochistan, may find a pretext to launch attacks against India of their
own accord.
Whatever the case, large-scale conflict over Balochistan will undoubtedly have profound
negative effects on the entire region: including the frontline of the much-vaunted
"global war on terror" there. 

 Education Problem:

The Government has sought to encourage scholarships for Balochistan students so they
can go home and lead development programs.

The provincial Governments of Sindh, Punjab and KP said they would take steps to
encourage Balochistan students to enroll and benefits from 100% scholarships.

Nationalists argue that not enough education development is taking place, and the
government has neglected its duty.

 Violence Against Women in Balochistan:

Domestic Violence: The Supremacy of the male and subordination of the female
assumed to be the part of the culture and even to have permission of the religion is
responsive for the acceptability of the universal features of domestic violence.

Stove Burning: It has become more common indication of increased martial violence.
Deaths by stove burning are generally attributed to be accidental bursting of stoves with
responsibility on manufacturer or the carelessness and ignorance of women using the
stove.

Karo-kari: An increased incidence of karo-kari “blackened man, blackened woman” in

Balochistan. Perceptions of women as male property, karo-kari takes place to avenge
family ‘honor’ when a woman violates tribal or cultural norms.

Watta Satta: The practice of watta satta in which a brother and sister are married to
another pair of siblings continues unchanged. This custom prevails not only amongst the
lower classes, in order to cut down demand of dowry but also amongst middle and
upper classes.

 Role of NGO’s in Balochistan:

 The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) has remained concerned about the
human rights situation in Balochistan.

The recent incident of multiple suicide bombings in Quetta and Ziarat. HRCP expresses
its deep condolences to the families of all the victims.

There were almost all speakers that HRCP met expressed some hope in the formation of
the new government. It was considered to be a positive step which could lead to an
opportunity for ending grave human rights violations in the province.

However, the same speakers warned that they saw no signs of a change in policy within
the security and intelligence agencies as the acts “kill and dump”, torture, extra judicial
killings continue.

Even while the new government was being sworn in, dead bodies were being discovered
and there have been reports of missing people post elections as

HRCP finds that such allegations must be taken seriously.

The federal government was expected to fully back the provincial government in its
developmental works in the province.

 Missing Persons in Balochistan:

“It is a general term used in Pakistan to refer to the alleged ostensibly”
Hundreds of persons in Pakistan who have disappeared after charge of terrorism.
In 2002-2005 it is estimated that 4000 people detained in province, only 200 were taken
to court and the rest have been held not in contact.
Over 168 children and 148 women are also missing and their names are in the official
lists.
Mr. Munir Baloch, former managing director of Baloch television has narrated the story
of Zarina Baloch to Reporters without Borders.
She is still missing with her tribe (around than 417 persons) as they were migrating from
their area after the aerial bombardment by Pakistan Air Force jets.

 Attacks on Wedding Parties:

 Soldiers attached to the Frontier Corp (FC) of the Pakistan Army have attacked a
wedding party on the night of February 3, killing 13 persons including the bride and
groom, the wedding officiator (called nikkah khawan) and six members of the same
family.
Twenty one (21) persons were also injured, the majority of them, women.
It has been reported that the attack was in retaliation to an incident on February 2, in
which unknown assailants had killed three soldiers of the same constabulary.

 Supreme Court Investigation:

There are more than 5,000 cases of “forced disappearances” in Balochistan.

Many innocents stuck in slow court system, others are in prison waiting for charges.
The Supreme Court is investigating the “missing persons” and issued arrest warrant for
the former Military Dictator General Pervez Musharaf.
Chief Justice said the military must act under follow parameters set by the Constitution.

 Baloch Separatist Group:

Baloch movements have carried out a wide range of systematic human rights abuses in
Balochistan, Including targeted killings of ethnic non-Baloch Civilians.
This has caused an economic draining in the province. A teachers, engineers, barbers
and masons are leaving the province for fear of attacks.
This will push the Baloch nation at least one century back.
These immigrant settlers had been living in Balochistan for centuries and called it a
CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY.

 Solution Of Problems:

Giving due share in natural resources

• Development work in
• Infrastructure
• Water for irrigation and drinking
• Education
• Healthy
• Energy
• Productive economic activity
Better Image of Pak Army in province.
No unnecessary presence of military forces in Baloch.
Pakistan Army Should run a recruitment drive for Baloch.
Engagement of Baloch leaders by the political leadership to neutralize the extremist/
separatist segments of their group. The Balochi’s must negotiate the issue with the
political leadership.
The Baloch must be given due representation in state institutions.
Balochistan should be given priority and preference for Sui gas and minerals.