SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES

SMT 5033 BIOSTATISTIC

(JULY 2019)

ASSIGNMENT

NAME & ID NO. : MUHAMMAD FAKHRUDDIN

IRFAN BIN SAZALI
012018090328
LECTURER : DR DAYANA HAZWANI
MOHD SAUDI NATA
Cover letter

July 26, 2019

Editorial Management and Science Journal,
Management Science University,
University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor

Dear Editor,
I am submitting a manuscript for consideration of publication in Management and Science
Journal. The manuscript is entitled “Gene expression changes on premature atherosclerosis
Sprague Darley (SD) Rats”. It has not been published elsewhere and that it has not been
submitted simultaneously for publication elsewhere.
In this manuscript, I show that the formulation of high fat diet I use to induced
atherosclerosis to the SD rats. Next, I show few parameters that been used with results analysis
such as anthropometric, nutritional, blood glucose and lipid profile reading. Then, I also
mention and highlighted regarding the changes of gene expression under group of lipid
peroxidation and inflammation gene.
I believe that this manuscript is appropriate for publication by Management and Science
Journal because it research link to the journal’s aims & scope which to determine changes of
gene as new biomarker.
Thank you very much for your consideration.
Yours Sincerely,
Muhammad Fakhruddin Irfan
Management and Science University
University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor
Tel.: +019-7906247
E-mail: irfanfakhrud96@gmail.com
 GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES OF INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS
PREMATURE ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN RATS INDUCED WITH HIGH FAT
DIET
Irfan F.S and Zulhabri.O

School Graduates Study, Management & Science University, Shah Alam

*Corresponding author: Dr Zulhabri Othman

Email : zulhabri_othman@msu.edu.my

ABSTRACT
Background: Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease in which plaque builds up inside
your arteries and is a progressive inflammatory disorder underlying coronary artery disease
(CAD) and stroke, major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Genome-wide
association studies (GWAS) from the last several years have provided the first unbiased
evidence of the genes contributing to common cardiovascular disease traits in European and
some Asian populations. Objectives: To determine changes inflammatory biomarkers of
premature atherosclerosis in rats induced with high fat diet. Methods: The rats were fed with
high fat diet to induce premature atherosclerosis. The parameters that been used with results
analysis such as anthropometric, nutritional, blood glucose and lipid profile reading. Next, the
blood sampling was collected to do RNA extraction and CDNA synthesis to prepare for
Quantitative Reverse transcript Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Histopathology on
artery and hearts aorta had done to see morphological changes. Results: There were increase of
body weight after induced with high fat diet. There were high glucose level and total
cholesterol level in experimental groups. There were so changes of inflammation gene and fat
deposition at aorta specimens. Discussion: These results showed that the genetic changes occur
in genetic baselines that causes by inducing with high fat diet that could lead to premature
atherosclerosis. Increased of blood glucose and total cholesterol and body weight indicates
initial progression of development of atherosclerosis. This was consistent with biochemical
analysis ang genetical analysis seen in experimental animals.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis, High Fat Diet, Inflammatory gene, Quantitative Reverse

transcript Polymerase Chain Reaction